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Soomro MA, Khan S, Majid A, Bhatti S, Perveen S, Phull AR. Pectin as a biofunctional food: comprehensive overview of its therapeutic effects and antidiabetic-associated mechanisms. DISCOVER APPLIED SCIENCES 2024; 6:298. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-024-05968-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
AbstractPectin is a complex polysaccharide found in a variety of fruits and vegetables. It has been shown to have potential antidiabetic activity along with other biological activities, including cholesterol-lowering properties, antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory effects, augmented healing of diabetic foot ulcers and other health benefits. There are several pectin-associated antidiabetic mechanisms, such as the regulation of glucose metabolism, reduction of oxidative stress, increased insulin sensitivity, appetite suppression and modulation of the gut microbiome. Studies have shown that pectin supplementation has antidiabetic effects in different animal models and in vitro. In human studies, pectin has been found to have a positive effect on blood glucose control, particularly in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Pectin also shows synergistic effects by enhancing the potency and efficacy of antidiabetic drugs when taken together. In conclusion, pectin has the potential to be an effective antidiabetic agent. However, further research is needed to fully understand its detailed molecular mechanisms in various animal models, functional food formulations and safety profiles for the treatment and management of diabetes and associated complications in humans. The current study was carried out to provide the critical approach towards therapeutical potential, anti-diabetic potential and underlying molecular mechanisms on the basis of existing knowledge.
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Ali S, Hussain R, Malik RA, Amin R, Tariq MN. Association of Obesity With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Hospital-Based Unmatched Case-Control Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e52728. [PMID: 38384596 PMCID: PMC10880576 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.52728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity is alarmingly increasing with the accessibility of the modern lifestyle. This study aimed to assess the association of obesity with T2DM among the patients visiting the Medicine Department of Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad, Pakistan. Method This hospital-based, unmatched case-control study was conducted from March 2022 to September 2022. A total of 200 patients (age ≥ 18) (100 cases and 100 controls) were recruited. Those patients with a history of T2DM were selected as cases, and those without diabetes were selected as controls after taking informed written consent. Patients with BMI ≥ 25 were considered obese. Data were collected through a non-probability convenience sampling technique using a self-structured non-validated questionnaire. Data were organized and analyzed through IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 26.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Results We found a significant positive association of obesity with T2DM with a crude odds ratio of 3.6 (95% CI: 2.0-6.6), a p-value of 0.000, and an adjusted odd ratio of 3.7 (95% CI: 1.9 - 7.1), with a p-value of 0.004 (adjusted for potential confounders, including gender, age group, stress, and status of physical activeness) using a logistic regression model. Conclusion It is concluded that obesity is strongly associated with developing T2DM and lack of physical activity, people over 45 years, and males with obesity have a higher chance of developing T2DM.
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Aisyah R, Sadewa AH, Patria SY, Wahab A. The PPARGC1A Is the Gene Responsible for Thrifty Metabolism Related Metabolic Diseases: A Scoping Review. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:1894. [PMID: 36292779 PMCID: PMC9601628 DOI: 10.3390/genes13101894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The "thrifty genotype" hypothesis has thus far described the relationship between specific genes and the population's resilience to food scarcity circumstances, but its link to the widespread prevalence of genetic diseases and metabolic syndrome has not been adequately mapped. The purpose of the study was to discover genes responsible for thrifty metabolism. A systematic search with keywords was performed for relevant titles. This study used the article's database published by Pubmed, Proquest, and EBSCO from January, 2009 to September, 2022. Out of 418 papers screened for eligibility, the final evaluation determined that five studies should be included in the analysis. Results indicated that PPARGC1A Gly482Ser led to high BMI in the Tongans population but was unrelated to the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus, but this was not the case in the Maori population. Significantly differing frequencies of PPAR C1431T and Pro12Ala gene polymorphisms were observed in the Iranian population. GWAS identification of additional genes in Asian and European populations did not produce consistent findings. As a summary, PPARGC1A Gly482Ser addresses as the gene responsible for thrifty metabolism in the Pacific population although some studies show inconsistent results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riandini Aisyah
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Surakarta 57169, Indonesia
- Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Ahmad Hamim Sadewa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Suryono Yudha Patria
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Abdul Wahab
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
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Goth US, Lyshol H, Braaum LE, Sørensen A, Skjerve H. COVID-19 among the Pakistani immigrant population in Northern Europe--Incidence and possible causes for infection. J Migr Health 2022; 6:100138. [PMID: 36193158 PMCID: PMC9519520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmh.2022.100138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Data from several North European countries have indicated that the Pakistani immigrant populations have higher mortality, higher hospitalization rates and higher infection rates from COVID-19 than the majority populations. Therefore the aim of the study was to examine challenges faced by the Pakistani migrant community in Oslo during the pandemic. Methods We included data from national reports, national statistics and scientific articles and discussed them with data gained by 16 semi-structured interviews, and thereby elaborated challenges inhabitants of Norway with a Pakistani background experienced during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results The literature study confirmed that mortality, hospitalization, and infection rates from COVID-19 for the sub-groups of the populations with Pakistani background were consistently higher in Denmark, England and Norway, all countries that published data by ethnicity or origin, even when correcting for all known risk factors. Our interview data from Norway showed that information from the authorities was insufficient and not adapted to the needs of the minority population, especially in the early phases of the pandemic. Furthermore, information was not available in the common minority languages of the country. Another finding indicates that health literacy, particularly regarding COVID-19, seemed to be low in the Pakistani minority, and COVID-19 was not considered as a threat in Norway before death rates began rising in Pakistan. Conclusion Adapting information at an early stage to the countries' minority groups may help reduce the increase in COVID-19 rates.
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Kumar R, Rehman S, Baloch GM, Vankwani M, Somrongthong R, Pongpanich S. Effectiveness of health education intervention on diabetes mellitus among the teachers working in public sector schools of Pakistan. BMC Endocr Disord 2022; 22:194. [PMID: 35907838 PMCID: PMC9338632 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-022-01110-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is considered as one of the major public health problems globally. Health education strategies can help in managing blood glucose level and complications among DM patients. Health education intervention is effective to manage and control the blood glucose levels among diabetic patients. This study explored the effectiveness of health education intervention on DM among school teachers in public sector schools of Pakistan. METHODS This was quasi-experimental study where baseline & end line assessments were conducted on teachers of public sector schools of Sindh province, Pakistan, from October to December 2019. Pretested structured questionnaire was used in this study. Participants (n = 136). were randomly selected from the list of government schools registered with district education department An intervention comprised of health education sessions with DM patients was undertaken after conducting baseline assessment followed by end line assessment. The institutional review board of Health Services Academy Pakistan ethically approved this study. RESULTS All the respondents completed post-test with mean ± SD age of participants being 39.2 ± 1.34 years. Female teachers comprised 65% out of which 70% were living in rural areas. Knowledge on DM pre-test score was 20.03 ± 3.31 that increased in post-test to 49.11 ± 2.21 (p < 0.05). Mean score of information on symptoms and causes of DM was 1.98 ± 0.21 for pre-test whereas for post-test it was 4.78 ± 0.12 (p < 0.05). The effect of intervention was significant on diabetes related complications (p < 0.05), symptoms (p < 0.05), overall score (p < 0.05) and preventive practices (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The study provides evidence of the importance and effectiveness of health education intervention related to diabetes among school teachers, which has a positive impact on the knowledge and practices. We concluded that the health education session sensitized the teachers and they can bring cogent changes to enhance their knowledge about diabetes and its risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Kumar
- Department of Public Health, Health Services Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan
- College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sidra Rehman
- Department of Public Health, Health Services Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Ratana Somrongthong
- College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Feng Y, Yang X, Li Y, Han M, Qie R, Huang S, Wu X, Zhang Y, Wu Y, Liu D, Hu F, Zhang M, Yang Y, Shi X, Lu J, Liang S, Hu D, Zhao Y. Cohort study evaluation of New Chinese Diabetes Risk Score: A new non-invasive indicator for predicting metabolic syndrome. Prim Care Diabetes 2021; 15:825-831. [PMID: 34024742 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcd.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the association of the baseline New Chinese Diabetes Risk Score (NCDRS) with metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk and to evaluate the power of the baseline NCDRS to predict MetS based on the rural Chinese cohort study. METHODS Study participants were classified by baseline quartiles of NCDRS by gender. Multivariable logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for risk of MetS according to different diagnostic criteria. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and area under the ROC curve (AUC) were used to evaluate the power of the baseline NCDRS for predicting MetS according to different diagnostic criteria. RESULTS We included 7,133 participants, and 1,651 MetS cases were identified after 6 years follow-up. After adjusting for multivariable confounding factors and with NCDRS quartile 1 as the reference, with quartile 4, the risk of MetS was increased for all participants, men and women: ORs (95% CIs) 4.03 (3.23-5.02), 3.59 (2.56-5.05) and 5.71 (4.23-7.70), respectively. Similar results were found on sensitivity analysis. The baseline NCDRS was a good predictor of MetS for all participants, men and women with MetS defined according to the diagnostic criteria of the Chinese Joint Committee on the Development of Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Dyslipidemia in Adults (JCDCG). CONCLUSIONS Our study, based on the cohort study, found that the baseline NCDRS was positively associated with risk of MetS. Furthermore, our study might provide suggestions for developing a useful and inexpensive tool for predicting MetS in the Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Feng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingjin Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghui Han
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ranran Qie
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengbing Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuying Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Dechen Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Fulan Hu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongli Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuezhong Shi
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Sun Liang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Service Management, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongsheng Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China.
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