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Ait Tayeb AEK, Poinsignon V, Chappell K, Bouligand J, Becquemont L, Verstuyft C. Major Depressive Disorder and Oxidative Stress: A Review of Peripheral and Genetic Biomarkers According to Clinical Characteristics and Disease Stages. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040942. [PMID: 37107318 PMCID: PMC10135827 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is currently the main cause of disability worldwide, but its pathophysiology remains largely unknown, especially given its high heterogeneity in terms of clinical phenotypes and biological characteristics. Accordingly, its management is still poor. Increasing evidence suggests that oxidative stress, measured on various matrices such as serum, plasma or erythrocytes, has a critical role in MDD. The aim of this narrative review is to identify serum, plasma and erythrocyte biomarkers of oxidative stress in MDD patients according to disease stage and clinical features. Sixty-three articles referenced on PubMed and Embase between 1 January 1991, and 31 December 2022, were included. Modifications to antioxidant enzymes (mainly glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase) in MDD were highlighted. Non-enzymatic antioxidants (mainly uric acid) were decreased in depressed patients compared to healthy controls. These changes were associated with an increase in reactive oxygen species. Therefore, increased oxidative damage products (principally malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl content and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine) were present in MDD patients. Specific modifications could be identified according to disease stages and clinical features. Interestingly, antidepressant treatment corrected these changes. Accordingly, in patients in remission from depression, oxidative stress markers were globally normalized. This narrative review suggests the particular interest of oxidative stress biomarkers for MDD care that may contribute to the heterogeneity of the disease and provide the opportunity to find new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abd El Kader Ait Tayeb
- Service de Génétique Moléculaire, Pharmacogénétique et Hormonologie de Bicêtre, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de Bicêtre, F-94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Vianney Poinsignon
- Service de Génétique Moléculaire, Pharmacogénétique et Hormonologie de Bicêtre, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de Bicêtre, F-94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- CESP, MOODS Team, INSERM UMR 1018, Faculté de Médecine, Universitaires Paris-Saclay, F-94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Kenneth Chappell
- CESP, MOODS Team, INSERM UMR 1018, Faculté de Médecine, Universitaires Paris-Saclay, F-94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Jérôme Bouligand
- Service de Génétique Moléculaire, Pharmacogénétique et Hormonologie de Bicêtre, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de Bicêtre, F-94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- INSERM UMR-S U1185, Faculté de Médecine, Universitaires Paris-Saclay, F-94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Laurent Becquemont
- CESP, MOODS Team, INSERM UMR 1018, Faculté de Médecine, Universitaires Paris-Saclay, F-94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de Bicêtre, F-94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Céline Verstuyft
- Service de Génétique Moléculaire, Pharmacogénétique et Hormonologie de Bicêtre, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de Bicêtre, F-94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- CESP, MOODS Team, INSERM UMR 1018, Faculté de Médecine, Universitaires Paris-Saclay, F-94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
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Proteomic profiling of postmortem prefrontal cortex tissue of suicide completers. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:142. [PMID: 35383147 PMCID: PMC8983647 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-01896-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Suicide is a leading cause of death worldwide, presenting a serious public health problem. We aimed to investigate the biological basis of suicide completion using proteomics on postmortem brain tissue. Thirty-six postmortem brain samples (23 suicide completers and 13 controls) were collected. We evaluated the proteomic profile in the prefrontal cortex (Broadmann area 9, 10) using tandem mass tag-based quantification with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Bioinformatics tools were used to elucidate the biological mechanisms related to suicide. Subgroup analysis was conducted to identify common differentially expressed proteins among clinically different groups. Of 9801 proteins identified, 295 were differentially expressed between groups. Suicide completion samples were mostly enriched in the endocannabinoid and apoptotic pathways (CAPNS1, CSNK2B, PTP4A2). Among the differentially expressed proteins, GSTT1 was identified as a potential biomarker among suicide completers with psychiatric disorders. Our findings suggest that the previously under-recognized endocannabinoid system and apoptotic processes are highly involved in suicide.
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3
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Agarwal K, Manza P, Chapman M, Nawal N, Biesecker E, McPherson K, Dennis E, Johnson A, Volkow ND, Joseph PV. Inflammatory Markers in Substance Use and Mood Disorders: A Neuroimaging Perspective. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:863734. [PMID: 35558424 PMCID: PMC9086785 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.863734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to addictive drugs in substance use disorders and stressors in mood disorders render the brain more vulnerable to inflammation. Inflammation in the brain, or neuroinflammation, is characterized by gliosis, microglial activation, and sustained release of cytokines, chemokines, and pro-inflammatory factors compromising the permeability of the blood-brain barrier. There is increased curiosity in understanding how substance misuse and/or repeated stress exposure affect inflammation and contribute to abnormal neuronal activity, altered neuroplasticity, and impaired cognitive control, which eventually promote compulsive drug-use behaviors and worsen mood disorders. This review will emphasize human imaging studies to explore the link between brain function and peripheral markers of inflammation in substance use disorders and mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushbu Agarwal
- Section of Sensory Science and Metabolism Unit, Division of Intramural Research, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, United States.,Section of Sensory Science and Metabolism, Division of Intramural Research, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Peter Manza
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Marquis Chapman
- Section of Sensory Science and Metabolism Unit, Division of Intramural Research, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Nafisa Nawal
- Section of Sensory Science and Metabolism Unit, Division of Intramural Research, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Erin Biesecker
- Section of Sensory Science and Metabolism Unit, Division of Intramural Research, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Katherine McPherson
- Section of Sensory Science and Metabolism Unit, Division of Intramural Research, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Evan Dennis
- Section of Sensory Science and Metabolism Unit, Division of Intramural Research, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Allison Johnson
- Section of Sensory Science and Metabolism Unit, Division of Intramural Research, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Nora D Volkow
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Paule V Joseph
- Section of Sensory Science and Metabolism Unit, Division of Intramural Research, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, United States.,Section of Sensory Science and Metabolism, Division of Intramural Research, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Loo JL, Mohamad Kamal NA, Goon JA, Ahmad Damanhuri H, Tan JAC, Abdul Murad NA, Shah SA, Sulaiman SA, Fazry S, Sharip S, Mohamed Saini S, Gunasekaran G, Maniam T, A. Jamal AR, Wan Ngah WZ, Mohd Badli Shah FS, Chan LF. The Role of Oxidative Stress in Suicidal Behaviour Among Bipolar Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Malaysian Sample. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:698911. [PMID: 34916966 PMCID: PMC8669431 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.698911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Oxidative stress markers are found to be linked with depression and suicide attempts in bipolar disorder (BD), although the role of DNA damage as a marker of suicidal ideation and attempt has yet to be determined. We aim to investigate the association between DNA damage and suicidal behaviour, i.e., suicidal ideation and suicide attempt, among suicidal ideators in BD patients while accounting for clinical and psychosocial risk factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre on 62 consecutive BD patients diagnosed using the M.I.N.I. Neuropsychiatric Interview and 26 healthy control participants. Socio-demographic and clinical assessments were performed using the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) for lifetime suicidal ideation and attempt, Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (QIDS) for depression severity, Clinical Global Impression for Bipolar Disorder (CGI-BD) for illness severity [both mania (CGI-Mania) and major depressive episode (CGI-MDE)], Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) for change in life events, and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS) for behavioural impulsivity. The degree of DNA damage in peripheral blood samples was determined using a standard protocol of comet assay. Results: Multivariable logistic regression revealed higher scores of CGI-MDE as the sole significant factor for lifetime suicidal ideation (OR = 1.937, 95% CI = 1.799-2.076). Although initial bivariate analysis showed a significant association between DNA damage, malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), and suicidal behaviour, the findings were not seen in multivariable logistic regression. Bivariate subgroup analysis showed that moderate and severe DNA damage (p = 0.032 and p = 0.047, respectively) was significantly associated with lifetime suicide attempts among lifetime suicidal ideators. The study is the first to look at the connexion between DNA damage and suicidal risk in bipolar patients. It is limited by the small sample size and lack of information on illicit substance use. Conclusions: More severe DNA damage was significantly associated with lifetime suicide attempts among lifetime suicidal ideators in BD. However, the severity of depression was found to be independently associated with lifetime suicidal ideation per se rather than DNA damage in BD. Larger prospective studies are required to ascertain the potential of DNA damage as a biomarker for the transition from suicidal ideation to a suicide attempt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiann Lin Loo
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, Wrexham, United Kingdom
| | - Nurul Ain Mohamad Kamal
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jo Aan Goon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hanafi Ahmad Damanhuri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jaclyn Ai Chin Tan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nor Azian Abdul Murad
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shamsul Azhar Shah
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siti Aishah Sulaiman
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shazrul Fazry
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Shalisah Sharip
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Suriati Mohamed Saini
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Geetha Gunasekaran
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Thambu Maniam
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - A. Rahman A. Jamal
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wan Zurinah Wan Ngah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Lai Fong Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Mosca A, Del Casale A, Borro M, Gentile G, Pomes LM, Padovano A, Fiaschè F, Pinzone V, Rapinesi C, Zoppi T, Brugnoli R, Sani G, Kotzalidis GD, Girardi P, Ferracuti S, Simmaco M, Pompili M. PON1 polymorphisms can predict generalized anxiety and depressed mood in patients with multiple chemical sensitivity. Per Med 2021; 18:255-267. [PMID: 33728967 DOI: 10.2217/pme-2019-0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) is a chronic condition with somatic, cognitive and affective symptoms that follow contact with chemical agents at usually non toxic concentrations. We aimed to assess the role of genetic polymorphisms involved in oxidative stress on anxiety and depression in MCS. Materials & methods: Our study investigated the CAT rs1001179, MPO rs2333227, PON1 rs662 and PON1 rs705379 polymorphisms in MCS. Results: The AG genotype of the PON1 rs662 and the TT and CT genotypes of the PON1 rs705379 were involved in anxiety and depression. Discussion: These results are in line with existing evidence of PON1 involvement in MCS and suggest a further role of this gene in the exhibition of anxiety and depression in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Mosca
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health, & Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine & Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Del Casale
- Department of Dynamic & Clinical Psychology, & Health Studies, Faculty of Medicine & Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,Unit of Psychiatry, 'Sant'Andrea' University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Borro
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health, & Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine & Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,Unit of Laboratory & Advanced Molecular Diagnostics, 'Sant'Andrea' University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Gentile
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health, & Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine & Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,Unit of Laboratory & Advanced Molecular Diagnostics, 'Sant'Andrea' University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Leda Marina Pomes
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health, & Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine & Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,Unit of Laboratory & Advanced Molecular Diagnostics, 'Sant'Andrea' University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Padovano
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health, & Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine & Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,Unit of Psychiatry, 'Sant'Andrea' University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Fiaschè
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health, & Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine & Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,Unit of Psychiatry, 'Sant'Andrea' University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Vito Pinzone
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health, & Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine & Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,Unit of Psychiatry, 'Sant'Andrea' University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Rapinesi
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health, & Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine & Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Teodolinda Zoppi
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health, & Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine & Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,Unit of Psychiatry, 'Sant'Andrea' University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Brugnoli
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health, & Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine & Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,Unit of Psychiatry, 'Sant'Andrea' University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Sani
- Institute of Psychiatry & Psychology, Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience & Orthopedics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario IRCCS "A. Gemelli", Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Georgios Demetrios Kotzalidis
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health, & Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine & Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Girardi
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health, & Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine & Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,Unit of Psychiatry, 'Sant'Andrea' University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Ferracuti
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University; Unit of Risk Management, 'Sant'Andrea' University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Simmaco
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health, & Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine & Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,Unit of Laboratory & Advanced Molecular Diagnostics, 'Sant'Andrea' University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pompili
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health, & Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine & Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,Unit of Psychiatry, 'Sant'Andrea' University Hospital, Rome, Italy
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Gómez-Coronado N, Sethi R, Bortolasci CC, Arancini L, Berk M, Dodd S. A review of the neurobiological underpinning of comorbid substance use and mood disorders. J Affect Disord 2018; 241:388-401. [PMID: 30145509 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence that substance use disorders and other mental disorders may have shared biological mechanisms. However, the neurobiological basis of this comorbidity remains only partially explained. This review describes the historical evolution of the dual disorders concept and approach, and reviews the existing literature on neurobiological findings specifically regarding comorbid substance use and mood disorders. METHODS Searches were conducted using PubMed and Scopus in December 2017. A Boolean search was performed using combinations of "dual diagnosis" or "dual disorder" or "depression" or "bipolar" or "affective disorder" or "mood disorder" and "substance use" or "substance abuse" and "neurobiology" or "functional neuroimaging" or "genetics" or "neurotransmitters" or "neuroendocrinology" in the title or abstract, or as keywords, using no language restriction. RESULTS 32 studies met the inclusion criteria. We found robust evidence for involvement of the neurotransmitters dopamine, GABA and glutamate and their receptors, as well as by the central corticotrophin-releasing hormone, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation, oxidative stress and inflammation. Recent studies focusing on neuroimaging and genetics have not shown consistent results. LIMITATIONS Only two search tools were used; most identified studies excluded the population of interest (comorbid mood and substance abuse disorders). CONCLUSIONS The neurobiological relevance for the occurrence of comorbid mood and substance abuse disorders has not been fully elucidated. Considering the high levels of individuals who experience comorbidity in these areas as well as the negative associated outcomes, this is clearly an area that requires further in-depth investigation. Furthermore, findings from this area can help to inform drug abuse prevention and intervention efforts, and especially how they relate to populations with psychiatric symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nieves Gómez-Coronado
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Salud Mental, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital San Agustín ORL, Dos Hermanas, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rickinder Sethi
- London Health Sciences Centre, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Chiara Cristina Bortolasci
- Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Lauren Arancini
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia; University Hospital Geelong, Barwon Health, Geelong VIC, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre for Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Seetal Dodd
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia; University Hospital Geelong, Barwon Health, Geelong VIC, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre for Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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7
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Kõks G, Fischer K, Kõks S. Smoking-related general and cause-specific mortality in Estonia. BMC Public Health 2017; 18:34. [PMID: 28724413 PMCID: PMC5517793 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4590-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tobacco smoking is known to be the single largest cause of premature death worldwide. The aim of present study was to analyse the effect of smoking on general and cause-specific mortality in the Estonian population. Methods The data from 51,756 adults in the Estonian Genome Center of the University of Tartu was used. Information on dates and causes of death was retrieved from the National Causes of Death Registry. Smoking status, general survival, general mortality and cause-specific mortality were analysed using Kaplan-Meier estimator and Cox proportional hazards models. Results The study found that smoking reduces median survival in men by 11.4 years and in women by 5.8 years. Tobacco smoking produces a very specific pattern in the cause of deaths, significantly increasing the risks for different cancers and cardiovascular diseases as causes of death for men and women. This study also identified that external causes, such as alcohol intoxication and intentional self-harm, are more prevalent causes of death among smokers than non-smokers. Additionally, smoking cessation was found to reverse the increased risks for premature mortality. Conclusions Tobacco smoking remains the major cause for losses of life inducing cancers and cardiovascular diseases. In addition to the common diseases, external causes also reduce substantially the years of life. External causes of death indicate that smoking has a long-term influence on the behaviour of smokers, provoking self-destructive behaviour. Our study supports the idea, that tobacco smoking generates complex harm to our health increasing mortality from both somatic and mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gea Kõks
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Krista Fischer
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, 23b Riia Street, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Sulev Kõks
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, 50411, Tartu, Estonia. .,Department of Reproductive Biology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 62 Kreutzwaldi Street, 51006, Tartu, Estonia.
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8
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Salaroli LB, Cattafesta M, Molina MDCB, Zandonade E, Bissoli NS. Insulin resistance and associated factors: a cross-sectional study of bank employees. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2017; 72:224-230. [PMID: 28492722 PMCID: PMC5401617 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2017(04)06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Insulin resistance is characterized by the failure of target cells to respond to normal levels of circulating insulin, and this condition is related to cardiovascular disease. This study sought to evaluate the prevalence of insulin resistance and its association with markers of metabolic abnormalities and metabolic syndrome in bank employees. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed on 498 working men and women aged ≥20 years old. The Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA-IR) was used to determine the presence of insulin resistance based on cut-off values of ≤2.71 for normal insulin levels and >2.71 for insulin resistance, as established for the adult Brazilian population. RESULTS: It was observed that the 52 (10.4%) overweight individuals with insulin resistance were 4.97 times (95%CI 1.31-18.83) more likely to have high HOMA-IR values than the normal-weight participants; among those who were obese, the likelihood increased to 17.87 (95%CI 4.36-73.21). Individuals with large waist circumferences were 3.27 times (95%CI 1.03-10.38) more likely to develop insulin resistance than those who were within normal parameters. The HOMA-IR values differed between subjects with and without metabolic syndrome, with values of 2.83±2.5 and 1.10±0.81 (p=0.001), respectively. The levels of insulin, ultrasensitive C-reactive protein and uric acid were also associated with insulin resistance. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of insulin resistance among bank employees is high, and insulin resistance is associated with and serves as a marker of metabolic syndrome. Cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome-associated metabolic abnormalities were observed, and insulin resistance may be a risk factor in this group of professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciane Bresciani Salaroli
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Programa de Pós Graduação em Nutrição e Saúde, Departamento de Educação Integrada em Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, BR
- Corresponding author. E-mail:
| | - Monica Cattafesta
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Nutrição e Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, BR
| | - Maria del Carmen Bisi Molina
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Programa de Pós Graduação em Nutrição e Saúde, Departamento de Educação Integrada em Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, BR
| | - Eliana Zandonade
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, BR
| | - Nazaré Souza Bissoli
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, BR
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SayuriYamagata A, Brietzke E, Rosenblat JD, Kakar R, McIntyre RS. Medical comorbidity in bipolar disorder: The link with metabolic-inflammatory systems. J Affect Disord 2017; 211:99-106. [PMID: 28107669 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation, several medical comorbidities and a decreased life expectancy. Metabolic-inflammatory changes have been postulated as one of the main links between BD and medical comorbidity, although there are few studies exploring possible mechanisms underlying this relationship. Therefore, the aims of the current narrative review were 1) synthesize the evidence for metabolic-inflammatory changes that may facilitate the link between medical comorbidity and BD and 2) discuss therapeutic and preventive implications of these pathways. METHODS The PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched for relevant studies. RESULTS Identified studies suggested that there is an increased risk of medical comorbidities, such as autoimmune disorders, obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease in patients with BD. The association between BD and general medical comorbidities seems to be bidirectional and potentially mediated by immune dysfunction. Targeting the metabolic-inflammatory-mood pathway may potential yield improved outcomes in BD; however, further study is needed to determine which specific interventions may be beneficial. LIMITATIONS The majority of identified studies had cross-sectional designs, small sample sizes and limited measurements of inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Treatment and prevention of general medical comorbidities in mood disorders should include preferential prescribing of metabolically neutral agents and adjunctive lifestyle modifications including increased physical activity, improved diet and decreased substance abuse. In addition, the use of anti-inflammatory agents could be a relevant therapeutic target in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana SayuriYamagata
- University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil; Research Group in Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience of Bipolar Disorder, Federal University of São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elisa Brietzke
- Research Group in Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience of Bipolar Disorder, Federal University of São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joshua D Rosenblat
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit (MDPU), University Health Network (UHN), University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ron Kakar
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit (MDPU), University Health Network (UHN), University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit (MDPU), University Health Network (UHN), University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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10
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Icick R, Gard S, Barde M, Carminati M, Desage A, Guillaume S, Scott J, Bellivier F. Physical and mental health burden in cases of bipolar disorder classified as current, former, or non-tobacco smokers. J Affect Disord 2017; 208:406-413. [PMID: 27810725 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco smoking increases the global burden of bipolar disorder (BD). We examined markers of physical and mental health that are associated with tobacco smoking, controlling for confounders that have not always been considered in previous studies of BD. METHODS Over 600 individuals with BD I or II referred to the French Network for bipolar disorder (FACE-BD) who completed standardized assessments, and could be reliably classified as current (CS) or former smokers (FS), were compared with those who were never smokers (NS) on: BD symptom load and psychiatric comorbidities; prevalence of alcohol and substance use disorders (ASUD); medication usage; functioning and physical health parameters. The bivariate and multivariate analyses took into account age and gender. RESULTS 300 cases (49%) were CS, 78 (13%) FS and 238 (39%) had never smoked. Rates were similar across genders regardless of BD subtype. Compared with NS, CS were more likely to have an ASUD (Odds Ratio (OR) 5.18), BD I (OR 2.09), and lower abdominal obesity (OR 0.97), and FS were more likely to have an ASUD (OR 6.32) and higher abdominal obesity (OR 1.03). LIMITATIONS The sample comprised of white Europeans; the FS subgroup was relatively small and we did not apply any statistical correction for the bivariate analyses. CONCLUSIONS The increased risk of physical and mental health burden in CS and FS compared to NS represents avoidable morbidity in BD. This study offers support to the argument that individuals with BD should be routinely offered support to prevent or stop tobacco smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Icick
- FondaMental Foundation, F-94000 Créteil, France; Paris Diderot Univeristy, Inserm UMR-S 1144, Paris F-75013, France; Paris Descartes University, Inserm UMR-S1144, Paris F-75006, France; Inserm U 1144, F-75006 Paris, France; Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, GH Saint-Louis - Lariboisière - F. Widal, Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Medicine, Paris F-75010, France.
| | - S Gard
- FondaMental Foundation, F-94000 Créteil, France; CH Charles Perrens, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - M Barde
- FondaMental Foundation, F-94000 Créteil, France; Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, GH Saint-Louis - Lariboisière - F. Widal, Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Medicine, Paris F-75010, France
| | - M Carminati
- FondaMental Foundation, F-94000 Créteil, France; Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, GH Saint-Louis - Lariboisière - F. Widal, Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Medicine, Paris F-75010, France
| | - A Desage
- CH Charles Perrens, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - S Guillaume
- FondaMental Foundation, F-94000 Créteil, France; Montpellier 1 University, Inserm U1061, Montpellier, France; CH Lapeyronie, F-34000, Montpellier, France
| | - J Scott
- Academic Psychiatry, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK; Centre for Affective Disorders, IPPN, London, UK
| | - F Bellivier
- FondaMental Foundation, F-94000 Créteil, France; Paris Diderot Univeristy, Inserm UMR-S 1144, Paris F-75013, France; Paris Descartes University, Inserm UMR-S1144, Paris F-75006, France; Inserm U 1144, F-75006 Paris, France; Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, GH Saint-Louis - Lariboisière - F. Widal, Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Medicine, Paris F-75010, France
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11
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Chowdhury MI, Hasan M, Islam MS, Sarwar MS, Amin MN, Uddin SMN, Rahaman MZ, Banik S, Hussain MS, Yokota K, Hasnat A. Elevated serum MDA and depleted non-enzymatic antioxidants, macro-minerals and trace elements are associated with bipolar disorder. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2017; 39:162-168. [PMID: 27908410 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Genetic and neurobiological factors are considered to be the major causes of mood and mental disorders. However, over the past few years, increased levels of serum malondialdehyde and altered levels of various non-enzymatic antioxidants and essential minerals involved in abnormal functional activity have been identified as major contributing factors to the pathogenesis of several neurological disorders. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of the serum lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA), antioxidants (vitamin A, E and C), macro-minerals (calcium, potassium and sodium) and trace elements (zinc, iron and selenium) in patients with bipolar disorder and to explore their role in disease progression. This is a prospective case-control study that evaluated 55 patients with bipolar disorder and 55 healthy volunteers matched by age and sex. Serum MDA levels were determined by UV spectrophotometry as a marker of lipid peroxidation. RP-HPLC was employed to investigate the serum vitamin A and E concentrations, whereas UV spectrophotometry was used to quantify levels of vitamin C. Serum macro-minerals and trace elements were analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Statistical analysis was performed with independent sample t-tests and Pearson's correlation test. We found significantly higher concentrations of MDA (p<0.05) and significantly lower concentrations of antioxidants (vitamin A, E and C) (p<0.05) in the patient group compared with control group. Regarding trace elements and macro-minerals, lower concentrations of zinc, calcium, iron, selenium, sodium and potassium were found in the patient group compared with control subjects (p<0.05). Our study suggests that high serum MDA concentrations and low serum concentrations of antioxidants, macro-minerals and trace elements are strongly associated with bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maimuna Hasan
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Safiqul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Shahid Sarwar
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Nurul Amin
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - S M Naim Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Md Zahedur Rahaman
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Sujan Banik
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Md Saddam Hussain
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Kazushige Yokota
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue-Shi, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| | - Abul Hasnat
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
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Schiavone S, Neri M, Mhillaj E, Morgese MG, Cantatore S, Bove M, Riezzo I, Tucci P, Pomara C, Turillazzi E, Cuomo V, Trabace L. The NADPH oxidase NOX2 as a novel biomarker for suicidality: evidence from human post mortem brain samples. Transl Psychiatry 2016; 6:e813. [PMID: 27187235 PMCID: PMC5070044 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence points towards a role of oxidative stress in suicidality. However, few studies were carried out on the sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in subjects with suicidal behaviour. We have previously demonstrated that the NADPH oxidase NOX2-derived oxidative stress has a major role in the development of neuropathological alterations observed in an animal model of psychosis. Here, we investigated the possible increase in NOX2 in post mortem brain samples of subjects who died by asphyctic suicide (AS) compared with controls (CTRL) and subjects who died by non-suicidal asphyxia (NSA). We found that NOX2 expression was significantly higher in the cortex of AS subjects than in the other two experimental groups. NOX2 immunostaining was mainly detected in GABAergic neurons, with a minor presence of NOX2-positive-stained cells in glutamatergic and dopaminergic neurons, as well as astrocytes and microglia. A sustained increase in the expression of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, an indirect marker of oxidative stress, was also detected in the cortex of AS subjects, compared with CTRL and NSA subjects. A significant elevation in cortical interleukin-6 immunoreactivity in AS subjects suggested an involvement of cytokine-associated molecular pathways in NOX2 elevations. Our results suggest that the increase in NOX2-derived oxidative stress in the brain might be involved in the neuropathological pathways leading to suicidal behaviour. These results may open innovative insights in the identification of new pathogenetic and necroscopic biomarkers, predictive for suicidality and potentially useful for suicide prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Schiavone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 20, Foggia 71122, Italy. E-mail:
| | - M Neri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - E Mhillaj
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - M G Morgese
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - S Cantatore
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - M Bove
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - I Riezzo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - P Tucci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - C Pomara
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - E Turillazzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - V Cuomo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - L Trabace
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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13
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Bortolasci CC, Vargas HO, Vargas Nunes SO, de Melo LGP, de Castro MRP, Moreira EG, Dodd S, Barbosa DS, Berk M, Maes M. Factors influencing insulin resistance in relation to atherogenicity in mood disorders, the metabolic syndrome and tobacco use disorder. J Affect Disord 2015; 179:148-55. [PMID: 25863911 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examines the effects of malondialdehyde (MDA) and uric acid on insulin resistance and atherogenicity in subjects with and without mood disorders, the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and tobacco use disorder (TUD). METHODS We included 314 subjects with depression and bipolar depression, with and without the MetS and TUD and computed insulin resistance using the updated homeostasis model assessment (HOMA2IR) and atherogenicity using the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), that is log10 (triglycerides/high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. RESULTS HOMA2IR is correlated with body mass index (BMI) and uric acid levels, but not with mood disorders and TUD, while the AIP is positively associated with BMI, mood disorders, TUD, uric acid, MDA and male sex. Uric acid is positively associated with insulin and triglycerides and negatively with HDL cholesterol. MDA is positively associated with triglyceride levels. Comorbid mood disorders and TUD further increase AIP but not insulin resistance. Glucose is positively associated with increasing age, male gender and BMI. DISCUSSION The results show that mood disorders, TUD and BMI together with elevated levels of uric acid and MDA independently contribute to increased atherogenic potential, while BMI and uric acid are risk factors for insulin resistance. The findings show that mood disorders and TUD are closely related to an increased atherogenic potential but not to insulin resistance or the MetS. Increased uric acid is a highly significant risk factor for insulin resistance and increased atherogenic potential. MDA, a marker of lipid peroxidation, further contributes to different aspects of the atherogenic potential. Mood disorders and TUD increase triglyceride levels, lower HDL cholesterol and are strongly associated with the atherogenic, but not insulin resistance, component of the MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Cristina Bortolasci
- Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Impact Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | | | | | - Luiz Gustavo Piccoli de Melo
- Center of Approach and Treatment for Smokers, University Hospital, Londrina State University, University Campus, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Márcia Regina Pizzo de Castro
- Center of Approach and Treatment for Smokers, University Hospital, Londrina State University, University Campus, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Seetal Dodd
- Impact Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Décio Sabbatini Barbosa
- Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Department of Pathology, Clinical Analysis, and Toxicology, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Michael Berk
- Impact Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Maes
- Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Impact Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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14
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Prado E, Maes M, Piccoli LG, Baracat M, Barbosa DS, Franco O, Dodd S, Berk M, Vargas Nunes SO. N-acetylcysteine for therapy-resistant tobacco use disorder: a pilot study. Redox Rep 2015; 20:215-22. [PMID: 25729878 DOI: 10.1179/1351000215y.0000000004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) may have efficacy in treating tobacco use disorder (TUD) by reducing craving and smoking reward. This study examines whether treatment with NAC may have a clinical efficacy in the treatment of TUD. METHODS A 12-week double blind randomized controlled trial was conducted to compare the clinical efficacy of NAC 3 g/day versus placebo. We recruited 34 outpatients with therapy resistant TUD concurrently treated with smoking-focused group behavioral therapy. Participants had assessments of daily cigarette use (primary outcome), exhaled carbon monoxide (CO(EXH)) (secondary outcome), and quit rates as defined by CO(EXH) < 6 ppm. Depression was measured with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). Data were analyzed using conventional and modified intention-to-treat endpoint analyses. RESULTS NAC treatment significantly reduced the daily number of cigarettes used (Δ mean ± SD = -10.9 ± 7.9 in the NAC-treated versus -3.2 ± 6.1 in the placebo group) and CO(EXH) (Δ mean ± SD = -10.4 ± 8.6 ppm in the NAC-treated versus -1.5 ± 4.5 ppm in the placebo group); 47.1% of those treated with NAC versus 21.4% of placebo-treated patients were able to quit smoking as defined by CO(EXH) < 6 ppm. NAC treatment significantly reduced the HDRS score in patients with tobacco use disorder. CONCLUSIONS These data show that treatment with NAC may have a clinical efficacy in TUD. NAC combined with appropriate psychotherapy appears to be an efficient treatment option for TUD.
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Nunes SOV, Piccoli de Melo LG, Pizzo de Castro MR, Barbosa DS, Vargas HO, Berk M, Maes M. Atherogenic index of plasma and atherogenic coefficient are increased in major depression and bipolar disorder, especially when comorbid with tobacco use disorder. J Affect Disord 2015; 172:55-62. [PMID: 25451396 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a robust comorbidity between mood disorders and cardiovascular disorder (CVD). The atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and the atherogenic coefficient (AC) are important atherogenic indexes. The aims of this study were to delineate whether AIP and AC are increased in mood disorders especially when comorbid with tobacco use disorder (TUD). METHODS In this case-control study we included 134 patients with mood disorders, bipolar disorder and unipolar depression (cases), and 197 individuals without mood disorder (controls) divided into those with and without TUD (defined as never-smokers). Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) were measured. AIP and AC were computed as log (TG/HDLc) and non-HDLc/HDLc, respectively. RESULTS The AIP and AC indexes were significantly increased in patients with mood disorders versus controls, both in depression and bipolar disorder. Patients with mood disorder without TUD and patients with TUD without mood disorder showed higher AIP and AC values than never-smokers while those with comorbid mood disorders and TUD showed significantly higher AIP and AC levels than all other individuals. A large part of the variance in the AIC (26.4%) and AC (20.4%) was explained by mood disorders, TUD, male gender and body mass index. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that lipid abnormalities leading to an increased atherogenic potential are involved in the pathophysiology of mood disorders (depression and bipolar disorder) and especially comorbid mood disorder and TUD. The comorbidity between mood disorders and CVD may be partly explained increased through AIP and AC indexes, impacting increments in atherogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Odebrecht Vargas Nunes
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Psychiatry Unit, Health Sciences Center, Londrina State University, University Hospital, Brazil; Center of Approach and Treatment for Smokers, University Hospital, Londrina State University, University Campus, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Luiz Gustavo Piccoli de Melo
- Center of Approach and Treatment for Smokers, University Hospital, Londrina State University, University Campus, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Márcia Regina Pizzo de Castro
- Center of Approach and Treatment for Smokers, University Hospital, Londrina State University, University Campus, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Décio Sabbatini Barbosa
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Toxicological, State University of Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Heber Odebrecht Vargas
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Psychiatry Unit, Health Sciences Center, Londrina State University, University Hospital, Brazil; Center of Approach and Treatment for Smokers, University Hospital, Londrina State University, University Campus, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Michael Berk
- Impact Strategic Research Center, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Orygen Youth Health Research Centre and the Centre of Youth Mental Health, The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Michael Maes
- Impact Strategic Research Center, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Brazil.
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Vargas Nunes SO, Pizzo de Castro MR, Moreira EG, Guembarovski RL, Barbosa DS, Vargas HO, Piccoli de Melo LG, Bortolasci CC, Watanabe MAE, Dodd S, Berk M, Maes M. Association of paraoxonase (PON)1 activity, glutathione S-transferase GST T1/M1 and STin.2 polymorphisms with comorbidity of tobacco use disorder and mood disorders. Neurosci Lett 2015; 585:132-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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