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Moosmann M, Cuenca-Cambronero M, De Lisle S, Greenway R, Hudson CM, Lürig MD, Matthews B. On the evolution of trophic position. Ecol Lett 2021; 24:2549-2562. [PMID: 34553481 PMCID: PMC9290349 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The trophic structure of food webs is primarily determined by the variation in trophic position among species and individuals. Temporal dynamics of food web structure are central to our understanding of energy and nutrient fluxes in changing environments, but little is known about how evolutionary processes shape trophic position variation in natural populations. We propose that trophic position, whose expression depends on both environmental and genetic determinants of the diet variation in individual consumers, is a quantitative trait that can evolve via natural selection. Such evolution can occur either when trophic position is correlated with other heritable morphological and behavioural traits under selection, or when trophic position is a target of selection, which is possible if the fitness effects of prey items are heterogeneously distributed along food chains. Recognising trophic position as an evolving trait, whose expression depends on the food web context, provides an important conceptual link between behavioural foraging theory and food web dynamics, and a useful starting point for the integration of ecological and evolutionary studies of trophic position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Moosmann
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, EAWAG, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland.,Department of Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Maria Cuenca-Cambronero
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, EAWAG, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland.,Department of Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Ryan Greenway
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, EAWAG, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Cameron M Hudson
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, EAWAG, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland.,Department of Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Blake Matthews
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, EAWAG, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
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2
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Kerschbaumer M, Postl L, Sturmbauer C. Microevolutionary change in viscerocranial bones under congeneric sympatry in the Lake Tanganyikan cichlid genus Tropheus. HYDROBIOLOGIA 2021; 848:3639-3653. [PMID: 34720168 PMCID: PMC8550039 DOI: 10.1007/s10750-021-04536-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The endemic Lake Tanganyika cichlid genus Tropheus lives at rocky shores all around the lake and comprises six species which are subdivided into about 120 morphologically similar but color-wise distinct populations. Typically, they live without a second Tropheus species, but there are some regions where two or even three sister species live in sympatry. We previously showed that there are morphological differences concerning head shape, eye size and insertion of fins among populations living alone compared to those living in sympatry with a second Tropheus. This study goes one step further to test if sympatry affects the shape of viscerocranial bones. By means of geometric morphometrics, we compare the shape of four bones among thirteen Tropheus populations, some of which in sympatry and some living alone. We quantify patterns of shape variation and estimate morphological disparity among the four bony elements in the study species and populations. We found consistent differences in the shape of one bony element among non-sympatric and sympatric populations, besides an extensive variation in the shape of viscerocranial bones within and among species. Furthermore, sexual dimorphism in Tropheus is clearly evident in the viscerocranial bones analyzed. We suggest that the relatively subtle morphological signal in sympatric vs. non-sympatric Tropheus populations is owed to the fact that the depth segregation does not yet represent a full shift in the trophic niche, albeit our data confirm that differences in ecologically relevant traits, such as bones of the preorbital region, play an important role in the process of niche separation and in the context of explosive diversification of cichlid fishes. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10750-021-04536-7.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisbeth Postl
- Library Feldkirch, Widnau 2-4, 6800 Feldkirch, Austria
| | - Christian Sturmbauer
- Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, 8010 Graz, Austria
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3
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Bellvert A, Gillespie RG, Arnedo MA. A happy family: systematic revision of the endemic Theridion spiders (Araneae, Theridiidae) of the Hawaiian Islands. INVERTEBR SYST 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/is20001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Since the description in 1900 of the iconic Happy Face spider, Theridion grallator, Simon, along with nine relatives, the Theridion fauna of the Hawaiian Islands has remained unstudied. Here, we present a systematic revision of the Hawaiian Theridion, which includes the examination of abundant material collected during the last 50 years, with scanning of the genitalia of several species using SEM techniques, and a cladistic analysis based on 22 morphological characters, to provide a first hypothesis of the phylogenetic structure of the group. We describe eight new species, namely T. ariel, sp. nov., T. caliban, sp. nov., T. ceres, sp. nov., T. ferdinand, sp. nov., T. juno, sp. nov., T. miranda, sp. nov., T. prospero, sp. nov. and T. sycorax, sp. nov. Additionally, we provide new diagnoses for former species and illustrate and describe for the first time the male of T. kauaiense Simon, 1900 and the female of T. praetextum Simon, 1900. We further propose that T. campestratum Simon, 1900 is a junior synonym of T. melinum Simon, 1900 and T. praetextum concolor Simon, 1900 is a junior synonym of T. praetextum. Finally, we provide updated information on the distribution of the species. Most species are easily diagnosed based on the male and female genitalia, but we also reveal the existence of somatic characters that differ among species, such as the body size and the shape and size of the chelicerae, which may have played a role in the diversification and coexistence of some of the species. The preferred cladogram from the cladistic analysis, although compatible with a progression rule, also suggests a complex pattern of multiple back and forward colonisations, albeit most of the clades are poorly supported.
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4
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Liu C, Sarnat EM, Friedman NR, Hita Garcia F, Darwell C, Booher D, Kubota Y, Mikheyev AS, Economo EP. Colonize, radiate, decline: Unraveling the dynamics of island community assembly with Fijian trap-jaw ants. Evolution 2020; 74:1082-1097. [PMID: 32342495 PMCID: PMC7384189 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The study of island community assembly has been fertile ground for developing and testing theoretical ideas in ecology and evolution. The ecoevolutionary trajectory of lineages after colonization has been a particular interest, as this is a key component of understanding community assembly. In this system, existing ideas, such as the taxon cycle, posit that lineages pass through a regular sequence of ecoevolutionary changes after colonization, with lineages shifting toward reduced dispersal ability, increased ecological specialization, and declines in abundance. However, these predictions have historically been difficult to test. Here, we integrate phylogenomics, population genomics, and X-ray microtomography/3D morphometrics, to test hypotheses for whether the ecomorphological diversity of trap-jaw ants (Strumigenys) in the Fijian archipelago is assembled primarily through colonization or postcolonization radiation, and whether species show ecological shifts toward niche specialization, toward upland habitats, and decline in abundance after colonization. We infer that most Fijian endemic Strumigenys evolved in situ from a single colonization and have diversified to fill a large fraction of global morphospace occupied by the genus. Within this adaptive radiation, lineages trend to different degrees toward high elevation, reduced dispersal ability, and demographic decline, and we find no evidence of repeated colonization that displaces the initial radiation. Overall these results are only partially consistent with taxon cycle and associated ideas, while highlighting the potential role of priority effects in assembling island communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Liu
- Biodiversity and Biocomplexity UnitOkinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, OnnaOkinawa904‐0495Japan
| | - Eli M. Sarnat
- Biodiversity and Biocomplexity UnitOkinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, OnnaOkinawa904‐0495Japan
- Antwork Consulting LLCDavisCalifornia95616
| | - Nicholas R. Friedman
- Biodiversity and Biocomplexity UnitOkinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, OnnaOkinawa904‐0495Japan
| | - Francisco Hita Garcia
- Biodiversity and Biocomplexity UnitOkinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, OnnaOkinawa904‐0495Japan
| | - Clive Darwell
- Biodiversity and Biocomplexity UnitOkinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, OnnaOkinawa904‐0495Japan
| | - Douglas Booher
- Biodiversity and Biocomplexity UnitOkinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, OnnaOkinawa904‐0495Japan
- Field Museum of Natural HistoryChicagoIllinois60605
- Department of entomologyUniversity of IllinoisUrbanaIllinois61801
- Georgia Museum of Natural HistoryAthensGeorgia30602
| | - Yasuhiro Kubota
- Faculty of ScienceUniversity of the RyukyusNishiharaOkinawaJapan
| | - Alexander S. Mikheyev
- Ecology and Evolution UnitOkinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, OnnaOkinawa904‐0495Japan
- Evolutionary Genomics Research GroupAustralian National UniversityCanberraAustralia
| | - Evan P. Economo
- Biodiversity and Biocomplexity UnitOkinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, OnnaOkinawa904‐0495Japan
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5
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Pérez-Miranda F, Mejía O, González-Díaz AA, Martínez-Méndez N, Soto-Galera E, Zúñiga G, Říčan O. The role of head shape and trophic variation in the diversification of the genus Herichthys in sympatry and allopatry. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2020; 96:1370-1378. [PMID: 32128818 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the present study we evaluated the putative cases of sympatric speciation in the genus Herichthys by studying the variation in head shape using principal component analysis, phylomorphospace and reconstructions of the ancestral states of feeding preferences. Herichthys includes both allopatric and sympatric sister species, as well as sympatric unrelated species and thus offers great potential for evolutionary studies of putatively sympatric speciation. Herichthys is the northernmost group of cichlids in America and one of the most ecologically disparate genera within Middle American cichlids. Fifteen anatomical points were recorded on the heads of 293 specimens of the 11 species recognized within the genus. The results show that in spite of having wide variation in consumed diets, most species of Herichthys are close in morphospace. However, morphological variation was great among the two pairs of sympatric sister species in agreement with the suggested sympatric model of speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Pérez-Miranda
- Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Omar Mejía
- Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Alfonso A González-Díaz
- Departamento de Conservación de la Biodiversidad, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, San Cristóbal de las Casas, Mexico
| | - Norberto Martínez-Méndez
- Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Soto-Galera
- Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Zúñiga
- Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Oldrich Říčan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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6
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Hulsey CD, Alfaro ME, Zheng J, Meyer A, Holzman R. Pleiotropic jaw morphology links the evolution of mechanical modularity and functional feeding convergence in Lake Malawi cichlids. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20182358. [PMID: 30963830 PMCID: PMC6408893 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.2358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Complexity in how mechanistic variation translates into ecological novelty could be critical to organismal diversification. For instance, when multiple distinct morphologies can generate the same mechanical or functional phenotype, this could mitigate trade-offs and/or provide alternative ways to meet the same ecological challenge. To investigate how this type of complexity shapes diversity in a classic adaptive radiation, we tested several evolutionary consequences of the anterior jaw four-bar linkage for Lake Malawi cichlid trophic diversification. Using a novel phylogenetic framework, we demonstrated that different mechanical outputs of the same four jaw elements are evolutionarily associated with both jaw protrusion distance and jaw protrusion angle. However, these two functional aspects of jaw protrusion have evolved independently. Additionally, although four-bar morphology showed little evidence for attraction to optima, there was substantial evidence of adaptive peaks for emergent four-bar linkage mechanics and jaw protrusion abilities among Malawi feeding guilds. Finally, we highlighted a clear case of two cichlid species that have -independently evolved to graze algae in less than 2 Myr and have converged on similar jaw protrusion abilities as well as four-bar linkage mechanics, but have evolved these similarities via non-convergent four-bar morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Darrin Hulsey
- Department of Biology, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Michael E. Alfaro
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Los Angeles, 610 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7246, USA
| | - Jimmy Zheng
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Los Angeles, 610 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7246, USA
| | - Axel Meyer
- Department of Biology, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Roi Holzman
- Department of Zoology, Tel Aviv University and the Inter-University Institute for Marine Sciences, PO Box 469, Eilat 88103, Israel
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7
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Muschick M, Salzburger W. Evolution: An Archipelago Replete with Replicates. Curr Biol 2018; 28:R565-R567. [PMID: 29738733 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Adaptive radiations, in which repeated bouts of diversification lead to phenotypically similar species, highlight the power of natural selection and predictability in evolution. A newly discovered radiation of stick spiders on Hawaii helps shed new light on this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Muschick
- Aquatic Ecology & Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, CH-3012, Switzerland; Department of Fish Ecology & Evolution, EAWAG, Swiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Science and Technology, CH-6047, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Walter Salzburger
- Zoological Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Vesalgasse 1, 4051 Basel, Switzerland.
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8
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Tokita M, Yano W, James HF, Abzhanov A. Cranial shape evolution in adaptive radiations of birds: comparative morphometrics of Darwin's finches and Hawaiian honeycreepers. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2017; 372:rstb.2015.0481. [PMID: 27994122 PMCID: PMC5182413 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2015.0481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Adaptive radiation is the rapid evolution of morphologically and ecologically diverse species from a single ancestor. The two classic examples of adaptive radiation are Darwin's finches and the Hawaiian honeycreepers, which evolved remarkable levels of adaptive cranial morphological variation. To gain new insights into the nature of their diversification, we performed comparative three-dimensional geometric morphometric analyses based on X-ray microcomputed tomography (µCT) scanning of dried cranial skeletons. We show that cranial shapes in both Hawaiian honeycreepers and Coerebinae (Darwin's finches and their close relatives) are much more diverse than in their respective outgroups, but Hawaiian honeycreepers as a group display the highest diversity and disparity of all other bird groups studied. We also report a significant contribution of allometry to skull shape variation, and distinct patterns of evolutionary change in skull morphology in the two lineages of songbirds that underwent adaptive radiation on oceanic islands. These findings help to better understand the nature of adaptive radiations in general and provide a foundation for future investigations on the developmental and molecular mechanisms underlying diversification of these morphologically distinguished groups of birds. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Evo-devo in the genomics era, and the origins of morphological diversity’.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Tokita
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Wataru Yano
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Asahi University School of Dentistry, 1851 Hozumi, Mizuho, Gifu 501-0296, Japan
| | - Helen F James
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, MRC 116, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA
| | - Arhat Abzhanov
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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9
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Martin CH, Erickson PA, Miller CT. The genetic architecture of novel trophic specialists: larger effect sizes are associated with exceptional oral jaw diversification in a pupfish adaptive radiation. Mol Ecol 2016; 26:624-638. [PMID: 27873369 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The genetic architecture of adaptation is fundamental to understanding the mechanisms and constraints governing diversification. However, most case studies focus on loss of complex traits or parallel speciation in similar environments. It is still unclear how the genetic architecture of these local adaptive processes compares to the architecture of evolutionary transitions contributing to morphological and ecological novelty. Here, we identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) between two trophic specialists in an excellent case study for examining the origins of ecological novelty: a sympatric radiation of pupfishes endemic to San Salvador Island, Bahamas, containing a large-jawed scale-eater and a short-jawed molluscivore with a skeletal nasal protrusion. These specialized niches and trophic traits are unique among over 2000 related species. Measurements of the fitness landscape on San Salvador demonstrate multiple fitness peaks and a larger fitness valley isolating the scale-eater from the putative ancestral intermediate phenotype of the generalist, suggesting that more large-effect QTL should contribute to its unique phenotype. We evaluated this prediction using an F2 intercross between these specialists. We present the first linkage map for pupfishes and detect significant QTL for sex and eight skeletal traits. Large-effect QTL contributed more to enlarged scale-eater jaws than the molluscivore nasal protrusion, consistent with predictions from the adaptive landscape. The microevolutionary genetic architecture of large-effect QTL for oral jaws parallels the exceptional diversification rates of oral jaws within the San Salvador radiation observed over macroevolutionary timescales and may have facilitated exceptional trophic novelty in this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher H Martin
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Campus Box 3280, 120 South Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, USA
| | - Priscilla A Erickson
- Molecular and Cell Biology Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Department of Biology, University of Virginia, 229 Gilmer Hall, 485 McCormick Road, P.O. Box 400328, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Craig T Miller
- Molecular and Cell Biology Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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10
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Rowe KC, Achmadi AS, Esselstyn JA. Repeated evolution of carnivory among Indo-Australian rodents. Evolution 2016; 70:653-65. [PMID: 26826614 DOI: 10.1111/evo.12871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Convergent evolution, often observed in island archipelagos, provides compelling evidence for the importance of natural selection as a generator of species and ecological diversity. The Indo-Australian Archipelago (IAA) is the world's largest island system and encompasses distinct biogeographic units, including the Asian (Sunda) and Australian (Sahul) continental shelves, which together bracket the oceanic archipelagos of the Philippines and Wallacea. Each of these biogeographic units houses numerous endemic rodents in the family Muridae. Carnivorous murids, that is those that feed on animals, have evolved independently in Sunda, Sulawesi (part of Wallacea), the Philippines, and Sahul, but the number of origins of carnivory among IAA murids is unknown. We conducted a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of carnivorous murids of the IAA, combined with estimates of ancestral states for broad diet categories (herbivore, omnivore, and carnivore) and geographic ranges. These analyses demonstrate that carnivory evolved independently four times after overwater colonization, including in situ origins on the Philippines, Sulawesi, and Sahul. In each biogeographic unit the origin of carnivory was followed by evolution of more specialized carnivorous ecomorphs such as vermivores, insectivores, and amphibious rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C Rowe
- Sciences Department, Museum Victoria, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Anang S Achmadi
- Research Center for Biology, Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Cibinong, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
| | - Jacob A Esselstyn
- Museum of Natural Science, 119 Foster Hall, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70803.,Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70803
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11
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Runemark A, Sagonas K, Svensson EI. Ecological explanations to island gigantism: dietary niche divergence, predation, and size in an endemic lizard. Ecology 2015; 96:2077-92. [DOI: 10.1890/14-1996.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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12
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Callicrate T, Dikow R, Thomas JW, Mullikin JC, Jarvis ED, Fleischer RC. Genomic resources for the endangered Hawaiian honeycreepers. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:1098. [PMID: 25496081 PMCID: PMC4300047 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-1098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Hawaiian honeycreepers are an avian adaptive radiation containing many endangered and extinct species. They display a dramatic range of phenotypic variation and are a model system for studies of evolution, conservation, disease dynamics and population genetics. Development of a genome-scale resources for this group would augment the quality of research focusing on Hawaiian honeycreepers and facilitate comparative avian genomic research. Results We assembled the genome sequence of a Hawaii amakihi (Hemignathus virens),and identified ~3.9 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genome. Using the amakihi genome as a reference, we also identified ~156,000 SNPs in RAD tag (restriction site associated DNA) sequencing of five honeycreeper species (palila [Loxioides bailleui], Nihoa finch [Telespiza ultima], iiwi [Vestiaria coccinea], apapane [Himatione sanguinea], and amakihi). SNPs are distributed throughout the amakihi genome, and the individual sequenced shows several large regions of low heterozygosity on chromosomes 1, 5, 6, 8 and 11. SNPs from RAD tag sequencing were also found throughout the genome but were found to be more densely located on microchromosomes, apparently a result of differential distribution of the particular site recognized by restriction enzyme BseXI. Conclusions The amakihi genome sequence will be useful for comparative avian genomics research and provides a significant resource for studies in such areas as disease ecology, evolution, and conservation genetics. The genome sequences will enable mapping of transcriptome data for honeycreepers and comparison of gene sequences between avian taxa. Researchers will be able to use the large number of SNP markers to genotype honeycreepers in regions of interest or across the whole genome. There are enough markers to enable use of methods such as genome-wide association studies (GWAS) that will allow researchers to make connections between phenotypic diversity of honeycreepers and specific genetic variants. Genome-wide markers will also help resolve phylogenetic and population genetic questions in honeycreepers. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-1098) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Robert C Fleischer
- Center for Conservation and Evolutionary Genetics, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Washington DC 20008, USA.
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13
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Species interactions during diversification and community assembly in Malagasy Miniopterus bats. Evol Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-014-9745-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Celiker H, Gore J. Clustering in community structure across replicate ecosystems following a long-term bacterial evolution experiment. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4643. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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15
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16
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Lerner HRL, Meyer M, James HF, Hofreiter M, Fleischer RC. Multilocus resolution of phylogeny and timescale in the extant adaptive radiation of Hawaiian honeycreepers. Curr Biol 2011; 21:1838-44. [PMID: 22018543 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2011.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Revised: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Evolutionary theory has gained tremendous insight from studies of adaptive radiations. High rates of speciation, morphological divergence, and hybridization, combined with low sequence variability, however, have prevented phylogenetic reconstruction for many radiations. The Hawaiian honeycreepers are an exceptional adaptive radiation, with high phenotypic diversity and speciation that occurred within the geologically constrained setting of the Hawaiian Islands. Here we analyze a new data set of 13 nuclear loci and pyrosequencing of mitochondrial genomes that resolves the Hawaiian honeycreeper phylogeny. We show that they are a sister taxon to Eurasian rosefinches (Carpodacus) and probably came to Hawaii from Asia. We use island ages to calibrate DNA substitution rates, which vary substantially among gene regions, and calculate divergence times, showing that the radiation began roughly when the oldest of the current large Hawaiian Islands (Kauai and Niihau) formed, ~5.7 million years ago (mya). We show that most of the lineages that gave rise to distinctive morphologies diverged after Oahu emerged (4.0-3.7 mya) but before the formation of Maui and adjacent islands (2.4-1.9 mya). Thus, the formation of Oahu, and subsequent cycles of colonization and speciation between Kauai and Oahu, played key roles in generating the morphological diversity of the extant honeycreepers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather R L Lerner
- Center for Conservation and Evolutionary Genetics, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, MRC 5513, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA.
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Multiple aquatic invasions by an endemic, terrestrial Hawaiian moth radiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:5903-6. [PMID: 20308549 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0912501107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Insects are the most diverse form of life on the planet, dominating both terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems, yet no species has a life stage able to breath, feed, and develop either continually submerged or without access to water. Such truly amphibious insects are unrecorded. In mountain streams across the Hawaiian Islands, some caterpillars in the endemic moth genus Hyposmocoma are truly amphibious. These larvae can breathe and feed indefinitely both above and below the water's surface and can mature completely submerged or dry. Remarkably, a molecular phylogeny based on 2,243 bp from both nuclear (elongation factor 1alpha and carbomoylphosphate synthase) and mitochondrial (cytochrome oxidase I) genes representing 216 individuals and 89 species of Hyposmocoma reveals that this amphibious lifestyle is an example of parallel evolution and has arisen from strictly terrestrial clades at least three separate times in the genus starting more than 6 million years ago, before the current high islands existed. No other terrestrial genus of animals has sponsored so many independent aquatic invasions, and no other insects are able to remain active indefinitely above and below water. Why and how Hyposmocoma, an overwhelmingly terrestrial group, repeatedly evolved unprecedented aquatic species is unclear, although there are many other evolutionary anomalies across the Hawaiian archipelago. The uniqueness of the community assemblages of Hawaii's isolated biota is likely critical in generating such evolutionary novelty because this amphibious ecology is unknown anywhere else.
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Charlesworth B. Editorial 2010. Biol Lett 2010; 6:1-2. [PMID: 20015857 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2009.0975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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