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Aastrup C, Nilsson JÅ, Hasselquist D, Hegemann A. Size and immune function as predictors of predation risk in nestling and newly fledged jackdaws. Anim Behav 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2023.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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2
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Romero-Haro AÁ, Pérez-Rodríguez L, Tschirren B. Intergenerational Costs of Oxidative Stress: Reduced Fitness in Daughters of Mothers That Experienced High Levels of Oxidative Damage during Reproduction. Physiol Biochem Zool 2021; 95:1-14. [PMID: 34812695 DOI: 10.1086/717614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AbstractParental condition transfer effects occur when the parents' physiological state during reproduction affects offspring performance. Oxidative damage may mediate such effects, yet evidence that oxidative damage experienced by parents during reproduction negatively affects offspring fitness is scarce and limited to early life stages. We show in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) that maternal levels of oxidative damage, measured during reproduction, negatively predict the number of offspring produced by daughters. This maternal effect on daughters' reproductive success was mediated by an effect on hatching success rather than on the number of eggs laid by daughters. We also observed a negative association between fathers' oxidative damage levels and the number of eggs laid by daughters but a positive association between fathers' oxidative damage levels and the hatching success of those eggs. These opposing paternal effects canceled each other out, resulting in no overall effect on the number of offspring produced by daughters. No significant association between a female's own level of oxidative damage during reproduction and her reproductive success was observed. Our results suggest that oxidative damage experienced by parents is a better predictor of an individual's reproductive performance than oxidative damage experienced by the individual itself. Although the mechanisms underlying these parental condition transfer effects are currently unknown, changes in egg composition or (epi)genetic alterations of gametes may play a role. These findings highlight the importance of an intergenerational perspective when quantifying costs of physiological stress.
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3
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Yap KN, Zhang Y. Revisiting the question of nucleated versus enucleated erythrocytes in birds and mammals. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2021; 321:R547-R557. [PMID: 34378417 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00276.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Erythrocyte enucleation is thought to have evolved in mammals to support their energetic cost of high metabolic activities. However, birds face similar selection pressure yet possess nucleated erythrocytes. Current hypotheses on the mammalian erythrocyte enucleation claim that the absence of cell organelles allows erythrocytes to 1) pack more hemoglobin into the cells to increase oxygen carrying capacity and 2) decrease erythrocyte size for increased surface area-to-volume ratio, and improved ability to traverse small capillaries. In this article, we first empirically tested current hypotheses using both conventional and phylogenetically informed analysis comparing literature values of mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and mean cell volume (MCV) between 181 avian and 194 mammalian species. We found no difference in MCHC levels between birds and mammals using both conventional and phylogenetically corrected analysis. MCV was higher in birds than mammals according to conventional analysis, but the difference was lost when we controlled for phylogeny. These results suggested that avian and mammalian erythrocytes may employ different strategies to solve a common problem. To further investigate existing hypotheses or develop new hypothesis, we need to understand the functions of various organelles in avian erythrocytes. Consequently, we covered potential physiological functions of various cell organelles in avian erythrocytes based on current knowledge, while making explicit comparisons to their mammalian counterparts. Finally, we proposed by taking an integrative and comparative approach, using tools from molecular biology to evolutionary biology, would allow us to better understand the fundamental physiological functions of various components of avian and mammalian erythrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Nian Yap
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- School of Health Studies, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, United States
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4
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Alaasam VJ, Keehn JE, Durso AM, French SS, Feldman CR. Ectoparasite Load Is Reduced in Side-Blotched Lizards ( Uta stansburiana) at Wind Farms: Implications for Oxidative Stress. Physiol Biochem Zool 2021; 94:35-49. [PMID: 33296296 DOI: 10.1086/712100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AbstractWind-generated power is one of the fastest growing alternative energy strategies worldwide and will likely account for 20% of US energy production by 2030. The installation and maintenance of wind farms are associated with increased human activity and can generate noise pollution, disturb and fragment habitat, and even alter community composition and structure. These environmental and ecological changes can increase physiological stress for vertebrates and affect important life-history attributes, such as immune function. However, little is known about how wind farms influence physiology and disease or parasite resistance in nonvolant wildlife. Here, we test the notion that renewable wind farms increase physiological stress and correlated aspects of disease resistance (parasite load) in a common desert vertebrate, the side-blotched lizard (Uta stansburiana). We captured lizards from three wind farms and three undisturbed reference sites in the San Gorgonio Pass wind resource area in the Mojave Desert, California. We quantified individual external parasite loads and measured plasma antioxidant capacity and concentrations of reactive oxygen metabolites as a combined metric of oxidative stress. Contrary to our expectations, individuals at wind farm sites had significantly fewer external parasites than at undeveloped sites. Additionally, we found a slight positive correlation between parasite load and oxidative stress for individuals at wind farm sites but not at reference sites. Our results demonstrate a complex, potentially context-dependent relationship between stress physiology and disease resistance for lizards in anthropogenically disturbed environments. Understanding how wind farms affect the physiology and ecoimmunology of terrestrial fauna is necessary to mitigate the ecological costs of alternative energy development.
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5
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Nebel C, Amar A, Hegemann A, Isaksson C, Sumasgutner P. Parental morph combination does not influence innate immune function in nestlings of a colour-polymorphic African raptor. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11053. [PMID: 34040034 PMCID: PMC8155141 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90291-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Conditions experienced during early life can have long-term individual consequences by influencing dispersal, survival, recruitment and productivity. Resource allocation during development can have strong carry-over effects onto these key parameters and is directly determined by the quality of parental care. In the black sparrowhawk (Accipiter melanoleucus), a colour-polymorphic raptor, parental morphs influence nestling somatic growth and survival, with pairs consisting of different colour morphs ('mixed-morph pairs') producing offspring with lower body mass indices, but higher local apparent survival rates. Resource allocation theory could explain this relationship, with nestlings of mixed-morph pairs trading off a more effective innate immune system against somatic growth. We quantified several innate immune parameters of nestlings (hemagglutination, hemolysis, bacteria-killing capacity and haptoglobin concentration) and triggered an immune response by injecting lipopolysaccharides. Although we found that nestlings with lower body mass index had higher local survival rates, we found no support for the proposed hypothesis: neither baseline immune function nor the induced immune response of nestlings was associated with parental morph combination. Our results suggest that these immune parameters are unlikely to be involved in providing a selective advantage for the different colour morphs' offspring, and thus innate immunity does not appear to be traded off against a greater allocation of resources to somatic growth. Alternative hypotheses explaining the mechanism of a low nestling body mass index leading to subsequent higher local survival could be related to the post-fledgling dependency period or differences in dispersal patterns for the offspring from different morph combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Nebel
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Arjun Amar
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Arne Hegemann
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Petra Sumasgutner
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Konrad Lorenz Research Centre (KLF), Core Facility for Behaviour and Cognition, Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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6
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Bodey TW, Cleasby IR, Blount JD, McElwaine G, Vigfusdottir F, Bearhop S. Consistent measures of oxidative balance predict survival but not reproduction in a long‐distance migrant. J Anim Ecol 2020; 89:1872-1882. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W. Bodey
- Centre for Ecology & Conservation University of Exeter Penryn Campus Penryn UK
- School of Biological Sciences University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
| | - Ian R. Cleasby
- Centre for Ecology & Conservation University of Exeter Penryn Campus Penryn UK
- Royal Society for the Protection of Birds Centre for Conservation Science Inverness UK
| | - Jonathan D. Blount
- Centre for Ecology & Conservation University of Exeter Penryn Campus Penryn UK
| | | | - Freydis Vigfusdottir
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences and School of Social Sciences University of Iceland Reykjavik Iceland
| | - Stuart Bearhop
- Centre for Ecology & Conservation University of Exeter Penryn Campus Penryn UK
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7
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Losdat S, Rojas Mora A, Bellut C, Chargé R, Falchi V, Glauser G, Vallat A, Helfenstein F. Social dominance, but not parasite load, affects sperm quality and sperm redox status in house sparrows. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 222:jeb.200675. [PMID: 31439651 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.200675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sperm performance is an important component of male reproductive success. However, sperm production is costly and males need to optimize their investment in sperm quality versus the somatic traits involved in mating success, e.g. their social status. As oxidative stress affects both sperm performance and somatic functions, it has been hypothesized to mediate such a trade-off. According to the oxidation-based soma/germline trade-off hypothesis, dominant males should favour the antioxidant protection of their somatic tissues, and subordinate males should favour the antioxidant protection of their sperm. We tested this hypothesis by experimentally infecting wild-caught house sparrows Passer domesticus with Coccidia Isopora sp., an internal parasite known to deplete antioxidant resources. We predicted that (i) increased parasite load affects sperm oxidative status and sperm performance and that (ii) males with experimentally high parasite load adjust the antioxidant protection of their soma versus their sperm according to their social status. Despite a 5400% increase in parasite load, sperm performance and somatic and spermatic oxidative status remained unaffected, irrespective of male social status. Nevertheless, males increased their sperm performance over time, a pattern mirrored by an increase in the antioxidant protection of their sperm. Moreover, males at the lower end of the hierarchy always produced sperm of lower velocity, suggesting that they were constrained and privileged their soma over their germline. To conclude, high parasite loads do not necessarily affect sperm performance and oxidative status. In contrast, social hierarchy and the relative investment in soma versus sperm antioxidant protection are determinants of sperm performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Losdat
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Ecophysiology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Alfonso Rojas Mora
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Ecophysiology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Bellut
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Ecophysiology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Rémi Chargé
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Ecophysiology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Valentina Falchi
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Ecophysiology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Gaétan Glauser
- Neuchâtel Platform of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Neuchâtel, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Armelle Vallat
- Neuchâtel Platform of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Neuchâtel, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Fabrice Helfenstein
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Ecophysiology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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8
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Oudi A, Chokri MA, Hammouda A, Chaabane R, Badraoui R, Besnard A, Santos R. Physiological impacts of pollution exposure in seabird's progeny nesting in a Mediterranean contaminated area. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 142:196-205. [PMID: 31232295 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic wildlife is exposed through trophic transfer of hazardous substances to several threats inducing physiological impairments. We aimed at assessing the impact of contamination in one of the hot spots of pollution along Mediterranean coasts, the gulf of Gabes in Tunisia, on Common tern Sterna hirundo, a piscivorous top predator bird. Firstly, we compared the reproductive effort of breeding adults through clutch size distribution in three sites with different levels of pollution. Then, a battery of genotoxicity and oxidative stress biomarkers was carried out to assess physiological impairments in chicks. While defense mechanisms showed a depletion, lipid peroxidation and genotoxicity increased significantly according to pollution level. The multi-biomarker approach used here, discriminated chicks according to contamination degree of their nesting sites. Increases in genotoxicity and oxidative stress were correlated to a decrease in chick body mass known to lead to long-term impacts on juvenile survival and recruitment in birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abir Oudi
- UR17ES44-"Ecologie de la Faune Terrestre", University of Gabès, Faculty of Sciences, Zrig 6072, Gabès, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Ali Chokri
- UR17ES44-"Ecologie de la Faune Terrestre", University of Gabès, Faculty of Sciences, Zrig 6072, Gabès, Tunisia
| | - Abdessalem Hammouda
- UR17ES44-"Ecologie de la Faune Terrestre", University of Gabès, Faculty of Sciences, Zrig 6072, Gabès, Tunisia
| | - Rim Chaabane
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, CHU Hédi Chaker of Sfax, 3029 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Riadh Badraoui
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, 3029 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Aurélien Besnard
- EPHE, PSL Research University, CNRS, UM, SupAgro, IRD, INRA, UMR 5175 CEFE, F-34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Raphaël Santos
- EPHE, PSL Research University, CNRS, UM, SupAgro, IRD, INRA, UMR 5175 CEFE, F-34293 Montpellier, France; HEPIA, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland, Ecology and Engineering of Aquatic Systems research group, 150 Route de Presinge, CH-1254 Jussy, Switzerland.
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9
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Salmón P, Watson H, Nord A, Isaksson C. Effects of the Urban Environment on Oxidative Stress in Early Life: Insights from a Cross-fostering Experiment. Integr Comp Biol 2019; 58:986-994. [PMID: 30052952 PMCID: PMC6204991 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icy099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As urban areas expand rapidly worldwide, wildlife is exposed to a wide range of novel environmental stressors, such as increased air pollution and artificial light at night. Birds in highly polluted and/or urbanized habitats have been found to have increased antioxidant protection, which is likely important to avoid accumulation of oxidative damage, which can have negative fitness consequences. Yet, the current knowledge about the ontogeny of antioxidant protection in urban areas is limited; i.e., is the capacity to up-regulate the antioxidant defences already established during pre-natal development, or does it manifest itself during post-natal development? We cross-fostered great tit (Parus major) nestlings within and between urban and rural habitats, to determine if oxidative stress (measured as non-enzymatic total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and plasma lipid peroxidation) is affected by habitat of origin and/or by habitat of rearing. The results demonstrate that being reared in the urban environment triggers an increase in SOD (an intracellular, enzymatic antioxidant) independent of natal habitat. Oxidative damage increased with hatching date in urban-reared nestlings, but there was little seasonal change in rural-reared nestlings. Total antioxidant capacity was neither affected by habitat of rearing or habitat of origin, but we observed a decline with hatching date in both rearing habitats. Taken together, our results support the growing evidence that the urban environment induces a direct plastic adjustment in antioxidant protection, but that up-regulation is not sufficient to avoid increased oxidative damage in late-hatched broods. Future studies should explore the underlying causes for this effect in late-hatched broods and whether it has any negative long-term implications, both at the individual- and the population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Salmón
- Section for Evolutionary Ecology, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, SE-223 62, Sweden.,Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Hannah Watson
- Section for Evolutionary Ecology, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, SE-223 62, Sweden
| | - Andreas Nord
- Section for Evolutionary Ecology, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, SE-223 62, Sweden
| | - Caroline Isaksson
- Section for Evolutionary Ecology, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, SE-223 62, Sweden
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10
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Sánchez-Virosta P, Espín S, Ruiz S, Stauffer J, Kanerva M, García-Fernández AJ, Eeva T. Effects of calcium supplementation on oxidative status and oxidative damage in great tit nestlings inhabiting a metal-polluted area. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 171:484-492. [PMID: 30743240 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Calcium has been proposed to diminish metal toxicity by the modulation of the oxidative stress. This study explores the effects of Ca availability and metal exposure on oxidative stress biomarkers in great tit (Parus major) nestlings. Nests were supplemented with Ca (Ca-supplemented group) or not supplemented (Control group) in a metal-polluted and a background zone in SW Finland. Metal concentrations were analyzed from feces. We analyzed antioxidants (tGSH, GSH:GSSG ratio, CAT, GST, GPx, SOD), protein carbonylation and lipid peroxidation in red cells of nestlings. Ca-supplemented and fast-growing nestlings showed higher CAT activity to cope with reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during intensive growth and metabolism. SOD and GPx (the latter not statistically significant) were more active in the polluted area, possibly reflecting higher ROS production in nestlings from this zone due to the enhanced metal exposure and smaller size. Antioxidant levels changed over the range of metal concentrations depending on the Ca levels in plasma, suggesting that higher Ca levels stimulate antioxidants and mitigate the impacts of metals. Ca supplementation may improve nestling traits and reproductive output when antioxidants are enhanced in a situation of oxidative challenge. Therefore, Ca should be considered in future studies assessing metal exposure and effects on wild birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Sánchez-Virosta
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland; Toxicology and Risk Assessment Group, Department of Health Sciences, IMIB-Arrixaca, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Silvia Espín
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland; Toxicology and Risk Assessment Group, Department of Health Sciences, IMIB-Arrixaca, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Sandra Ruiz
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Janina Stauffer
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Mirella Kanerva
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland; Lab. of Environmental Toxicology, Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, 790-8577, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Antonio J García-Fernández
- Toxicology and Risk Assessment Group, Department of Health Sciences, IMIB-Arrixaca, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Tapio Eeva
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
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11
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Griebel IA, Dawson RD. Predictors of nestling survival during harsh weather events in an aerial insectivore, the Tree Swallow (Tachycineta bicolor). CAN J ZOOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2018-0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Extreme weather events influence the population dynamics of wild animals. For organisms whose food source is affected by environmental conditions, such as aerial insectivorous birds, periods of inclement weather can have devastating effects. Here, we examine predictors of survival of individual nestlings and whole broods in Tree Swallows (Tachycineta bicolor (Vieillot, 1808)) during an extreme, 2-day harsh weather event in central British Columbia, Canada, which co-occurred with experimental reduction of nest ectoparasite loads using an antiparasite drug (ivermectin) or heat-treating nests. A curvilinear relationship existed between survival and brood age such that middle-aged broods were least likely to survive. Survival of broods and nestlings was higher when raised by males with bluer plumage, whereas nestling survival was lower when female parents had brighter and more UV-reflective plumage. Within broods, smaller nestlings had a lower chance of surviving than their larger siblings. Nestlings in broods where half of the offspring received ivermectin injections had significantly higher chances of surviving than nestlings from nonexperimental broods, suggesting that parasite loads can influence survival during inclement weather. Our results identify several factors influencing resiliency of nestlings to harsh weather and are particularly relevant in the context of declining aerial insectivorous bird populations and climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilsa A. Griebel
- Ecosystem Science and Management Program, University of Northern British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canada
- Ecosystem Science and Management Program, University of Northern British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canada
| | - Russell D. Dawson
- Ecosystem Science and Management Program, University of Northern British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canada
- Ecosystem Science and Management Program, University of Northern British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canada
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12
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Maronde L, Losdat S, Richner H. Do parasites and antioxidant availability affect begging behaviour, growth rate and resistance to oxidative stress? J Evol Biol 2018; 31:904-913. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lea Maronde
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Losdat
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
- Institute of Biology; University of Neuchâtel; Neuchâtel Switzerland
| | - Heinz Richner
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
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13
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Losdat S, Blount JD, Marri V, Maronde L, Richner H, Helfenstein F. Effects of an early-life paraquat exposure on adult resistance to oxidative stress, plumage colour and sperm performance in a wild bird. J Anim Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Losdat
- Institute of Biology; University of Neuchâtel; Neuchâtel Switzerland
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
| | - Jonathan D. Blount
- Centre for Ecology & Conservation; College of Life & Environmental Sciences; University of Exeter; Penryn UK
| | - Viviana Marri
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
| | - Lea Maronde
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
| | - Heinz Richner
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
| | - Fabrice Helfenstein
- Institute of Biology; University of Neuchâtel; Neuchâtel Switzerland
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
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14
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Costantini D. Meta-analysis reveals that reproductive strategies are associated with sexual differences in oxidative balance across vertebrates. Curr Zool 2018; 64:1-11. [PMID: 29492033 PMCID: PMC5809033 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zox002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a key physiological mechanism underlying life-history tradeoffs. Here, I use meta-analytic techniques to test whether sexual differences in oxidative balance are common in vertebrates and to identify which factors are associated with such differences. The dataset included 732 effect size estimates from 100 articles (82 species). Larger unsigned effect size (meaning larger sexual differences in a given marker) occurred in: reptiles and fish; those species that do not provide parental care; and oviparous species. Estimates of signed effect size (positive values meaning higher oxidative stress in males) indicated that females were less resistant to oxidative stress than males in: reptiles while males and females were similar in fish, birds, and mammals; those species that do not provide parental care; and oviparous species. There was no evidence for a significant sexual differentiation in oxidative balance in fish, birds, and mammals. Effect size was not associated with: the number of offspring; whether the experimental animals were reproducing or not; biomarker (oxidative damage, non-enzymatic, or enzymatic antioxidant), the species body mass; the strain (wild vs. domestic); or the study environment (wild vs. captivity). Oxidative stress tended to be higher in females than males across most of the tissues analyzed. Levels of residual heterogeneity were high in all models tested. The findings of this meta-analysis indicate that diversification of reproductive strategies might be associated with sexual differences in oxidative balance. This explorative meta-analysis offers a starting platform for future research to investigate the relationship between sex and oxidative balance further.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Costantini
- UMR 7221, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 7 rue Cuvier 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, Berlin 10315, Germany
- Behavioural Ecology & Ecophysiology Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk 2610, Belgium
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15
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Larcombe SD, Herborn KA, Alexander L, Arnold KE. Dietary antioxidants in life-history trade-offs: differential effects of a-tocopherol supplementation on blue tit Cyanistes caeruleus mothers and offspring during reproduction. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blx072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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16
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Delhaye J, Salamin N, Roulin A, Criscuolo F, Bize P, Christe P. Interspecific correlation between red blood cell mitochondrial ROS production, cardiolipin content and longevity in birds. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 38:433-443. [PMID: 27572896 PMCID: PMC5266217 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-016-9940-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial respiration releases reactive oxygen species (ROS) as by-products that can damage the soma and may in turn accelerate ageing. Hence, according to "the oxidative stress theory of ageing", longer-lived organisms may have evolved mechanisms that improve mitochondrial function, reduce ROS production and/or increase cell resistance to oxidative damage. Cardiolipin, an important mitochondrial inner-membrane phospholipid, has these properties by binding and stabilizing mitochondrial inner-membrane proteins. Here, we investigated whether ROS production, cardiolipin content and cell membrane resistance to oxidative attack in freshly collected red blood cells (RBCs) are associated with longevity (range 5-35 years) in 21 bird species belonging to seven Orders. After controlling for phylogeny, body size and oxygen consumption, variation in maximum longevity was significantly explained by mitochondrial ROS production and cardiolipin content, but not by membrane resistance to oxidative attack. RBCs of longer-lived species produced less ROS and contained more cardiolipin than RBCs of shorter-lived species did. These results support the oxidative stress theory of ageing and shed light on mitochondrial cardiolipin as an important factor linking ROS production to longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Delhaye
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Quartier Sorge, bâtiment Biophore, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Nicolas Salamin
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Quartier Sorge, bâtiment Biophore, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Quartier Sorge, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Roulin
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Quartier Sorge, bâtiment Biophore, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Pierre Bize
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Quartier Sorge, bâtiment Biophore, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Philippe Christe
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Quartier Sorge, bâtiment Biophore, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Raap T, Casasole G, Costantini D, AbdElgawad H, Asard H, Pinxten R, Eens M. Artificial light at night affects body mass but not oxidative status in free-living nestling songbirds: an experimental study. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35626. [PMID: 27759087 PMCID: PMC5069498 DOI: 10.1038/srep35626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial light at night (ALAN), termed light pollution, is an increasingly important anthropogenic environmental pressure on wildlife. Exposure to unnatural lighting environments may have profound effects on animal physiology, particularly during early life. Here, we experimentally investigated for the first time the impact of ALAN on body mass and oxidative status during development, using nestlings of a free-living songbird, the great tit (Parus major), an important model species. Body mass and blood oxidative status were determined at baseline (=13 days after hatching) and again after a two night exposure to ALAN. Because it is very difficult to generalise the oxidative status from one or two measures we relied on a multi-biomarker approach. We determined multiple metrics of both antioxidant defences and oxidative damage: molecular antioxidants GSH, GSSG; antioxidant enzymes GPX, SOD, CAT; total non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity and damage markers protein carbonyls and TBARS. Light exposed nestlings showed no increase in body mass, in contrast to unexposed individuals. None of the metrics of oxidative status were affected. Nonetheless, our study provides experimental field evidence that ALAN may negatively affect free-living nestlings' development and hence may have adverse consequences lasting throughout adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Raap
- Department of Biology, Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Giulia Casasole
- Department of Biology, Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - David Costantini
- Department of Biology, Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Hamada AbdElgawad
- Department of Biology, Molecular Plant Physiology and Biotechnology Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Beni-Suef, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Han Asard
- Department of Biology, Molecular Plant Physiology and Biotechnology Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Rianne Pinxten
- Department of Biology, Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Antwerp School of Education, University of Antwerp, Venusstraat 35, B-2000, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marcel Eens
- Department of Biology, Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
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18
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Romero-Haro AA, Sorci G, Alonso-Alvarez C. The oxidative cost of reproduction depends on early development oxidative stress and sex in a bird species. Proc Biol Sci 2016; 283:20160842. [PMID: 27358368 PMCID: PMC4936042 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.0842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the early 2000s, a new component of the cost of reproduction was proposed: oxidative stress. Since then the oxidative cost of reproduction hypothesis has, however, received mixed support. Different arguments have been provided to explain this. Among them, the lack of a life-history perspective on most experimental tests was suggested. We manipulated the levels of a key intracellular antioxidant (glutathione) in captive zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) during a short period of early life and subsequently tested the oxidative cost of reproduction. Birds were allowed to mate freely in an outdoor aviary for several months. We repeatedly enlarged or reduced their broods to increase or reduce, respectively, breeding effort. Birds whose glutathione levels were reduced during growth showed higher erythrocyte resistance to free radical-induced haemolysis when forced to rear enlarged broods. This supports the hypothesis predicting the occurrence of developing programmes matching early and adult environmental conditions to improve fitness. Moreover, adult males rearing enlarged broods endured higher plasma levels of lipid oxidative damage than control males, whereas adult females showed the opposite trend. As most previous studies reporting non-significant or opposite results used females only, we also discuss some sex-related particularities that may contribute to explain unexpected results.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Romero-Haro
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC, UCLM, CSIC), Ronda de Toledo sn, 13007 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - G Sorci
- Biogéosciences, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 6, Boulevard Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - C Alonso-Alvarez
- Dpto. Ecología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales-CSIC, C/ José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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19
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Vermeulen A, Müller W, Eens M. Vitally important - does early innate immunity predict recruitment and adult innate immunity? Ecol Evol 2016; 6:1799-808. [PMID: 26929818 PMCID: PMC4759050 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system is one of the most important adaptations that has evolved to protect animals from a wide range of pathogens they encounter from early life onwards. During the early developmental period this is particularly true for the innate immunity, as other components of the immune system are, as yet, poorly developed. But innate immunity may not only be crucial for early life survival, but may also have long‐lasting effects, for example if early life immunity reflects the functioning of the immune system as a whole. For this reason, we investigated the importance of four constitutive innate immune parameters (natural antibodies, complement activity, concentrations of haptoglobin, and concentrations of nitric oxide) for recruitment in free‐living great tits. We compared nestling immunity of recruits with nestling immunity of their nonrecruited siblings. We also investigated within individual consistency of these innate immune parameters for those individuals that recruited, which may be taken as a measure of immune capacity. In accordance with previous studies, we found a clear effect of tarsus length and a trend for body mass on the likelihood to recruit. Nevertheless, we found no evidence that higher levels of constitutive innate immunity as a nestling facilitated local recruitment. Furthermore, individual innate immunity was not consistent across life stages, that is to say, nestling immune parameters did not determine, or respectively, reflect adult innate immune parameters. This plasticity in innate immune components may explain why we did not find long‐lasting survival benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Vermeulen
- Department of Biology - Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group University of Antwerp Universiteitsplein 1 Wilrijk 2610 Antwerp Belgium
| | - Wendt Müller
- Department of Biology - Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group University of Antwerp Universiteitsplein 1 Wilrijk 2610 Antwerp Belgium
| | - Marcel Eens
- Department of Biology - Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group University of Antwerp Universiteitsplein 1 Wilrijk 2610 Antwerp Belgium
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20
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Stier A, Reichert S, Criscuolo F, Bize P. Red blood cells open promising avenues for longitudinal studies of ageing in laboratory, non-model and wild animals. Exp Gerontol 2015; 71:118-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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21
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Crino OL, Prather CT, Driscoll SC, Good JM, Breuner CW. Developmental stress increases reproductive success in male zebra finches. Proc Biol Sci 2015; 281:rspb.2014.1266. [PMID: 25297860 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.1266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that exposure to stress during development can have sustained effects on animal phenotype and performance across life-history stages. For example, developmental stress has been shown to decrease the quality of sexually selected traits (e.g. bird song), and therefore is thought to decrease reproductive success. However, animals exposed to developmental stress may compensate for poor quality sexually selected traits by pursuing alternative reproductive tactics. Here, we examine the effects of developmental stress on adult male reproductive investment and success in the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata). We tested the hypothesis that males exposed to developmental stress sire fewer offspring through extra-pair copulations (EPCs), but invest more in parental care. To test this hypothesis, we fed nestlings corticosterone (CORT; the dominant avian stress hormone) during the nestling period and measured their adult reproductive success using common garden breeding experiments. We found that nestlings reared by CORT-fed fathers received more parental care compared with nestlings reared by control fathers. Consequently, males fed CORT during development reared nestlings in better condition compared with control males. Contrary to the prediction that developmental stress decreases male reproductive success, we found that CORT-fed males also sired more offspring and were less likely to rear non-genetic offspring compared with control males, and thus had greater overall reproductive success. These data are the first to demonstrate that developmental stress can have a positive effect on fitness via changes in reproductive success and provide support for an adaptive role of developmental stress in shaping animal phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondi L Crino
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Marsfield, New South Wales 2122, Australia Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Colin T Prather
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey M Good
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Creagh W Breuner
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
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22
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Costantini D, Goutte A, Barbraud C, Faivre B, Sorci G, Weimerskirch H, Delord K, Chastel O. Demographic Responses to Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in the Wandering Albatross (Diomedea exulans). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133967. [PMID: 26275171 PMCID: PMC4537254 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the major challenges in ecological research is the elucidation of physiological mechanisms that underlie the demographic traits of wild animals. We have assessed whether a marker of plasma oxidative stress (TBARS) and plasma haptoglobin (protein of the acute inflammatory phase response) measured at time t predict five demographic parameters (survival rate, return rate to the breeding colony, breeding probability, hatching and fledging success) in sexually mature wandering albatrosses over the next four years (Diomedea exulans) using a five-year individual-based dataset. Non-breeder males, but not females, having higher TBARS at time t had reduced future breeding probabilities; haptoglobin was not related to breeding probability. Neither TBARS nor haptoglobin predicted future hatching or fledging success. Haptoglobin had a marginally positive effect on female survival rate, while TBARS had a marginally negative effect on return rate. Our findings do not support the role for oxidative stress as a constraint of future reproductive success in the albatross. However, our data point to a potential mechanism underlying some aspects of reproductive senescence and survival. Our results also highlight that the study of the consequences of oxidative stress should consider the life-cycle stage of an individual and its reproductive history.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Costantini
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
- IBAHCM, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Aurelie Goutte
- Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR7372- CNRS/Univ. La Rochelle, F-79360, France
- École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), UPMC Univ. Paris 06, UMR 7619-CNRS, 4 pl. Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Christophe Barbraud
- Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR7372- CNRS/Univ. La Rochelle, F-79360, France
| | - Bruno Faivre
- Université de Bourgogne, UMR–CNRS 6282 Biogéosciences, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Gabriele Sorci
- Université de Bourgogne, UMR–CNRS 6282 Biogéosciences, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Henri Weimerskirch
- Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR7372- CNRS/Univ. La Rochelle, F-79360, France
| | - Karine Delord
- Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR7372- CNRS/Univ. La Rochelle, F-79360, France
| | - Olivier Chastel
- Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR7372- CNRS/Univ. La Rochelle, F-79360, France
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23
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Costantini D, Dell'Omo G. Oxidative stress predicts long-term resight probability and reproductive success in Scopoli's shearwater (Calonectris diomedea). CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 3:cov024. [PMID: 27293709 PMCID: PMC4778470 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/cov024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A major challenge in conservation physiology is to find out biomarkers that reliably reflect individual variation in wear and tear. Recent work has suggested that biomarkers of oxidative stress may provide an additional tool to assess the health state of individuals and to predict fitness perspectives. In this study, we assessed whether three biomarkers of plasma oxidative status predicted the following factors: (i) the resight probability as breeder in the next seasons; and (ii) the cumulative reproductive output over multiple years in Scopoli's shearwaters (Calonectris diomedea) using a 7 year individual-based data set. Our results show that shearwaters having higher levels of a marker of oxidative damage (reactive oxygen metabolites) in 2008 had a lower resight probability in the next years and a lower number of chicks raised from 2008 to 2014. In contrast, two biomarkers of antioxidant defences (non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity of plasma and thiols) did not have any predictive value. Increased concentrations of plasma reactive oxygen metabolites, together with the significant individual repeatability over time in this metric of oxidative stress found in numerous studies, suggest that this metric might serve as a blood-derived biomarker for health and fitness perspectives in birds and, possibly, also in other taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Costantini
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerpen (Wilrijk), Belgium; Institute for Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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24
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Relationships between isotopic values and oxidative status: insights from populations of gentoo penguins. Oecologia 2015; 177:1211-20. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-015-3267-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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25
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Maronde L, Richner H. Effects of increased begging and vitamin E supplements on oxidative stress and fledging probability. Behav Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/aru215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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26
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Sex-specific effects of prenatal and postnatal nutritional conditions on the oxidative status of great tit nestlings. Oecologia 2014; 177:123-31. [PMID: 25376155 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-014-3100-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The early life period is characterized by fast growth and development, which can lead to high reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Young animals thus have to balance their investment in growth versus ROS defence, and this balance is likely mediated by resource availability. Consequently resources transferred prenatally by the mother and nutritional conditions experienced shortly after birth may crucially determine the oxidative status of young animals. Here, we experimentally investigated the relative importance of pre- and early postnatal nutritional conditions on the oxidative status of great tit nestlings (Parus major). We show that resources transferred by the mother through the egg and nutritional conditions encountered after hatching affect the oxidative status of nestling in a sex-specific way. Daughters of non-supplemented mothers and daughters which did not receive extra food during the early postnatal period had higher oxidative damage than sons, while no differences between sons and daughters were found when extra food was provided pre- or postnatally. No effect of the food supplementations on growth, fledging mass or tarsus length was observed, indicating that female nestlings maintained their investment in growth at the expense of ROS defence mechanisms when resources were limited. The lower priority of the antioxidant defence system for female nestlings was also evidenced by lower levels of specific antioxidant components. These results highlight the important role of early parental effects in shaping oxidative stress in the offspring, and show that the sensitivity to these parental effects is sex-specific.
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Losdat S, Helfenstein F, Blount JD, Richner H. Resistance to oxidative stress shows low heritability and high common environmental variance in a wild bird. J Evol Biol 2014; 27:1990-2000. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Losdat
- School of Biological Sciences; Zoology Building; University of Aberdeen; Aberdeen UK
- Evolutionary Ecology Lab; Institute of Ecology and Evolution; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
| | - F. Helfenstein
- Evolutionary Ecology Lab; Institute of Ecology and Evolution; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
- Institute of Biology; University of Neuchâtel; Neuchâtel Switzerland
| | - J. D. Blount
- Centre for Ecology & Conservation; College of Life & Environmental Sciences; University of Exeter; Penryn UK
| | - H. Richner
- Evolutionary Ecology Lab; Institute of Ecology and Evolution; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
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28
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Marri V, Richner H. Differential effects of vitamins E and C and carotenoids on growth, resistance to oxidative stress, fledging success and plumage colouration in wild great tits. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 217:1478-84. [PMID: 24436384 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.096826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is the imbalance between the production of reactive species and antioxidants, which causes damage to lipids, proteins and DNA. Antioxidants, like vitamins and carotenoids, can limit oxidative damage and can therefore regulate the trade-off between growth, which is a period of high reactive species production, and self-maintenance. However, the role of carotenoids as antioxidants in vivo has been debated, and it has been suggested that carotenoid-based signals indicate the availability of non-pigmentary antioxidants (e.g. vitamins) that protect carotenoids from oxidation, known as the 'protection hypothesis'. To evaluate the importance of vitamins versus carotenoids as antioxidants during growth and to test the protection hypothesis, we supplemented nestling great tits, Parus major, 3, 5 and 7 days after hatching with a single dose of carotenoids and/or vitamins in a 2×2 full-factorial design. We subsequently measured body condition, antioxidant capacity, oxidative damage, fledging success and plumage reflectance. Vitamins enhanced antioxidant capacity, but did not affect oxidative damage. Vitamin-treated nestlings had higher growth rates and higher probability of fledging. In contrast, carotenoids did not affect any of these traits. Furthermore, carotenoid-based colouration increased over the breeding season in nestlings that received vitamins only. This study shows that vitamins are limiting for growth rate and fledging success, and suggests that vitamins could regulate the trade-off between growth and self-maintenance in favour of the former. Moreover, our results are consistent with the idea that carotenoids are minor antioxidants in birds, but they do not support the protection hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Marri
- Evolutionary Ecology Lab, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
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Beaulieu M, Costantini D. Biomarkers of oxidative status: missing tools in conservation physiology. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 2:cou014. [PMID: 27293635 PMCID: PMC4806730 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/cou014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Recent ecological studies have shown that oxidative status could have a significant impact on fitness components in wild animals. Not only can oxidative status reflect the environmental conditions that animals experience, but it can also predict their chances of reproduction and survival in the future in their natural habitat. Such important characteristics make markers of oxidative status informative tools to evaluate a priori individual perspectives of reproduction and survival as well as to assess a posteriori the effect of human activities on the fitness of species of conservation concern and wildlife in general. Markers of oxidative status may therefore help conservation practitioners to identify conservation threats to animal populations and to maximize the success of wildlife management. Despite these potential benefits for animal conservation programmes, up to now markers of oxidative status have only been reported anecdotally in conservation studies. The aim of this review is therefore to raise awareness by conservation practitioners of the use of markers of oxidative status. Towards this end, we first describe how environmental disruptions due to human activities can translate into variation in oxidative status. Second, we show how individual and population variation in oxidative status may contribute to the success or the failure of reintroduction or translocation programmes. Finally, we emphasize the technical features specific to the measurement of markers of oxidative status in conservation programmes, which may help investigators with the interpretation of their results. Such prior knowledge about markers of oxidative status may encourage conservation physiologists to use them in order to enhance the success of conservation programmes and wildlife management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaël Beaulieu
- Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Johann-Sebastian Bach Straße 11/12, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
- Corresponding authors: Tel: +49 3834 86 4268. ,
| | - David Costantini
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, DC 135, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium
- Institute for Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
- Corresponding authors: Tel: +49 3834 86 4268. ,
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30
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Senescence in cell oxidative status in two bird species with contrasting life expectancy. Oecologia 2013; 174:1097-105. [PMID: 24292795 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-013-2840-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress occurs when the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by an organism exceeds its capacity to mitigate the damaging effects of the ROS. Consequently, oxidative stress hypotheses of ageing argue that a decline in fecundity and an increase in the likelihood of death with advancing age reported at the organism level are driven by gradual disruption of the oxidative balance at the cellular level. Here, we measured erythrocyte resistance to oxidative stress in the same individuals over several years in two free-living bird species with contrasting life expectancy, the great tit (known maximum life expectancy is 15.4 years) and the Alpine swift (26 years). In both species, we found evidence for senescence in cell resistance to oxidative stress, with patterns of senescence becoming apparent as subjects get older. In the Alpine swift, there was also evidence for positive selection on cell resistance to oxidative stress, the more resistant subjects being longer lived. The present findings of inter-individual selection and intra-individual deterioration in cell oxidative status at old age in free-living animals support a role for oxidative stress in the ageing of wild animals.
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Beaulieu M, Thierry AM, González-Acuña D, Polito MJ. Integrating oxidative ecology into conservation physiology. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 1:cot004. [PMID: 27293588 PMCID: PMC4806615 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/cot004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Ecologists have recently shown great interest in using physiological markers as indicators of the health of animal populations. In this context, the measurement of markers of oxidative balance, such as antioxidant defences and oxidative damage, may be a valuable tool. Indeed, at the individual level, antioxidant defences are positively associated with fertility and survival probability, while elevated oxidative damage during reproduction or growth may negatively affect recruitment and survival. Therefore, variation in oxidative balance is likely to influence demographic processes. This suggests that conservationists may be able to use oxidative markers to monitor population health. Yet, the connection between these markers and demographic parameters first needs to be established. We present here preliminary results obtained in colonies of breeding Gentoo (Pygoscelis papua) and Adélie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae), showing that antioxidant defences strongly reflect population trends. However, population trend was not related to oxidative damage. This suggests that in the context of the emerging field of conservation physiology, antioxidant defences may represent a key parameter to monitor population health. We therefore exhort other research teams to assess the generality of this finding in other biological models, especially in species of conservation concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaël Beaulieu
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Evolutionary Biology and Animal Ecology, University of Freiburg, Hauptstraße 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Corresponding author: Faculty of Biology, Department of Evolutionary Biology and Animal Ecology, University of Freiburg, Hauptstraße 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | | | - Daniel González-Acuña
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 537, Chillán, Chile
| | - Michael J. Polito
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 266 Woods Hole Road MS 50, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
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