1
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M N, Vincent O, Sarangi BR, Kumar B. Kinetics of Nisin-Induced Pore Formation in Giant Unilamellar Vesicles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:11231-11237. [PMID: 37526639 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the kinetics of pore formation in giant unilamellar vesicles (GUV) with the antimicrobial peptide nisin. The role of charged lipid composition in the rate of pore formation by nisin in the vesicle membrane is investigated using fluorescence microscopy. We propose a model and obtain an analytical expression for the variation in the fluorescence intensity of a GUV as a function of time. We find that the analytical equation fits well to the experimental data, and the membrane surface potential can be estimated from the fit parameters. We further show that the formation of multiple pores on the vesicle membrane is affected by the charged lipid composition of the membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nithya M
- Department of Physics, Central University of Karnataka, Kadaganchi, Karnataka 585367, India
| | - Olivia Vincent
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad, Kerala 678623, India
| | - Bibhu Ranjan Sarangi
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad, Kerala 678623, India
- Department of Biological Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad, Kerala 678557, India
| | - Bharat Kumar
- Department of Physics, Central University of Karnataka, Kadaganchi, Karnataka 585367, India
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2
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Ayala YA, Omidvar R, Römer W, Rohrbach A. Thermal fluctuations of the lipid membrane determine particle uptake into Giant Unilamellar Vesicles. Nat Commun 2023; 14:65. [PMID: 36599837 PMCID: PMC9813155 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35302-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Phagocytic particle uptake is crucial for the fate of both living cells and pathogens. Invading particles have to overcome fluctuating lipid membranes as the first physical barrier. However, the energy and the role of the fluctuation-based particle-membrane interactions during particle uptake are not understood. We tackle this problem by indenting the membrane of differently composed Giant Unilamellar Vesicles (GUVs) with optically trapped particles until particle uptake. By continuous 1 MHz tracking and autocorrelating the particle's positions within 30µs delays for different indentations, the fluctuations' amplitude, the damping, the mean forces, and the energy profiles were obtained. Remarkably, the uptake energy into a GUV becomes predictable since it increases for smaller fluctuation amplitudes and longer relaxation time. Our observations could be explained by a mathematical model based on continuous suppression of fluctuation modes. Hence, the reduced particle uptake energy for protein-ligand interactions LecA-Gb3 or Biotin-Streptavidin results also from pronounced, low-friction membrane fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yareni A Ayala
- Laboratory for Bio- and Nano-Photonics, Department of Microsystems Engineering - IMTEK, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 102, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ramin Omidvar
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 18, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Winfried Römer
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 18, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS), University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 19, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Rohrbach
- Laboratory for Bio- and Nano-Photonics, Department of Microsystems Engineering - IMTEK, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 102, 79110, Freiburg, Germany. .,Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 18, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
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3
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Carloni R, Ottaviani MF, Ficker M, Christensen JB. Interactions of Functionalized PAMAM Dendrimers with Model Cell Membranes Studied via Spin-Labeling Technique. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:9686-9694. [PMID: 36354364 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c05123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers are exploited as drug carriers in various biomedical research fields, especially cancer therapy. The present study analyzes the interactions occurring between differently functionalized PAMAM dendrimers, namely, amine, acetamide, and 3-methoxy-carbonyl-5-pyrrolidonyl ("pyrrolidone"), and model membranes, namely, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), sodium hexadecylsulfate (SHS) micelles, and egg-lecithin liposomes. For this purpose, the dendrimers were spin-labeled with the 3-carbamoyl-PROXYL radical. 1H-NMR spectra allowed the verification not only that labeling was successful but also that acetamide and (even more so) pyrrolidone functions shield the proton signals from the influence of the neighboring nitroxide groups. The computer-aided analysis of the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra showed that the dendrimers with the acetamide function largely (60%) entered the SDS-micelles interface, while the amino-dendrimer electrostatically interacted with both the SDS and SHS surface forming dendrimer aggregates in solution. The pyrrolidone-dendrimers showed an intermediate behavior between those with the amino and acetamide functions. The acetamide- and pyrrolidone-dendrimers weakly interacted with the lecithin liposome surface, with a synergy between hydrophilic and hydrophobic interactions. Conversely, liposomes/amino-dendrimers interactions were quite strong and led to dendrimer aggregation at the liposome surface in solution. This information showed that acetamide- and pyrrolidone-dendrimers may be used as good alternatives to amino-dendrimers for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Carloni
- Knight Cancer Institute, Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center (CEDAR), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97210, United States.,Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Urbino, Urbino 61029, Italy
| | | | - Mario Ficker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Jørn B Christensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
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4
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Podolsky KA, Masubuchi T, Debelouchina GT, Hui E, Devaraj NK. In Situ Assembly of Transmembrane Proteins from Expressed and Synthetic Components in Giant Unilamellar Vesicles. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:1015-1021. [PMID: 35482050 PMCID: PMC9255206 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Reconstituting functional transmembrane (TM) proteins into model membranes is challenging due to the difficulty of expressing hydrophobic TM domains, which often require stabilizing detergents that can perturb protein structure and function. Recent model systems solve this problem by linking the soluble domains of membrane proteins to lipids, using noncovalent conjugation. Herein, we test an alternative solution involving the in vitro assembly of TM proteins from synthetic TM domains and expressed soluble domains using chemoselective peptide ligation. We developed an intein mediated ligation strategy to semisynthesize single-pass TM proteins in synthetic giant unilamellar vesicle (GUV) membranes by covalently attaching soluble protein domains to a synthetic TM polypeptide, avoiding the requirement for detergent. We show that the extracellular domain of programmed cell death protein 1, a mammalian immune checkpoint receptor, retains its ligand-binding function at a membrane interface after ligation to a synthetic TM peptide in GUVs, facilitating the study of receptor-ligand interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. A. Podolsky
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - T. Masubuchi
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - G. T. Debelouchina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - E. Hui
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - N. K. Devaraj
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Corresponding Author: Neal K. Devaraj,
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5
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Abele T, Messer T, Jahnke K, Hippler M, Bastmeyer M, Wegener M, Göpfrich K. Two-Photon 3D Laser Printing Inside Synthetic Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2106709. [PMID: 34800321 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202106709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Toward the ambitious goal of manufacturing synthetic cells from the bottom up, various cellular components have already been reconstituted inside lipid vesicles. However, the deterministic positioning of these components inside the compartment has remained elusive. Here, by using two-photon 3D laser printing, 2D and 3D hydrogel architectures are manufactured with high precision and nearly arbitrary shape inside preformed giant unilamellar lipid vesicles (GUVs). The required water-soluble photoresist is brought into the GUVs by diffusion in a single mixing step. Crucially, femtosecond two-photon printing inside the compartment does not destroy the GUVs. Beyond this proof-of-principle demonstration, early functional architectures are realized. In particular, a transmembrane structure acting as a pore is 3D printed, thereby allowing for the transport of biological cargo, including DNA, into the synthetic compartment. These experiments show that two-photon 3D laser microprinting can be an important addition to the existing toolbox of synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Abele
- Biophysical Engineering Group, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Messer
- Institute of Applied Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Wolfgang-Gaede-Str. 1, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Kevin Jahnke
- Biophysical Engineering Group, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc Hippler
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Zoological Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Martin Bastmeyer
- Zoological Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute for Biological and Chemical Systems - Biological Information Processing (IBCS-BIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Martin Wegener
- Institute of Applied Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Wolfgang-Gaede-Str. 1, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Göpfrich
- Biophysical Engineering Group, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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6
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7
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Kulma M, Anderluh G. Beyond pore formation: reorganization of the plasma membrane induced by pore-forming proteins. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:6229-6249. [PMID: 34387717 PMCID: PMC11073440 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03914-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Pore-forming proteins (PFPs) are a heterogeneous group of proteins that are expressed and secreted by a wide range of organisms. PFPs are produced as soluble monomers that bind to a receptor molecule in the host cell membrane. They then assemble into oligomers that are incorporated into the lipid membrane to form transmembrane pores. Such pore formation alters the permeability of the plasma membrane and is one of the most common mechanisms used by PFPs to destroy target cells. Interestingly, PFPs can also indirectly manipulate diverse cellular functions. In recent years, increasing evidence indicates that the interaction of PFPs with lipid membranes is not only limited to pore-induced membrane permeabilization but is also strongly associated with extensive plasma membrane reorganization. This includes lateral rearrangement and deformation of the lipid membrane, which can lead to the disruption of target cell function and finally death. Conversely, these modifications also constitute an essential component of the membrane repair system that protects cells from the lethal consequences of pore formation. Here, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on the changes in lipid membrane organization caused by PFPs from different organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kulma
- Department of Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1001, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Gregor Anderluh
- Department of Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1001, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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8
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Van de Cauter L, Fanalista F, van Buren L, De Franceschi N, Godino E, Bouw S, Danelon C, Dekker C, Koenderink GH, Ganzinger KA. Optimized cDICE for Efficient Reconstitution of Biological Systems in Giant Unilamellar Vesicles. ACS Synth Biol 2021. [PMID: 34185516 DOI: 10.1101/2021.02.24.432456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) are often used to mimic biological membranes in reconstitution experiments. They are also widely used in research on synthetic cells, as they provide a mechanically responsive reaction compartment that allows for controlled exchange of reactants with the environment. However, while many methods exist to encapsulate functional biomolecules in GUVs, there is no one-size-fits-all solution and reliable GUV fabrication still remains a major experimental hurdle in the field. Here, we show that defect-free GUVs containing complex biochemical systems can be generated by optimizing a double-emulsion method for GUV formation called continuous droplet interface crossing encapsulation (cDICE). By tightly controlling environmental conditions and tuning the lipid-in-oil dispersion, we show that it is possible to significantly improve the reproducibility of high-quality GUV formation as well as the encapsulation efficiency. We demonstrate efficient encapsulation for a range of biological systems including a minimal actin cytoskeleton, membrane-anchored DNA nanostructures, and a functional PURE (protein synthesis using recombinant elements) system. Our optimized cDICE method displays promising potential to become a standard method in biophysics and bottom-up synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Federico Fanalista
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Lennard van Buren
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Nicola De Franceschi
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Elisa Godino
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Sharon Bouw
- Department of Living Matter, AMOLF, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christophe Danelon
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Cees Dekker
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Gijsje H Koenderink
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
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9
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Van de Cauter L, Fanalista F, van Buren L, De Franceschi N, Godino E, Bouw S, Danelon C, Dekker C, Koenderink GH, Ganzinger KA. Optimized cDICE for Efficient Reconstitution of Biological Systems in Giant Unilamellar Vesicles. ACS Synth Biol 2021; 10:1690-1702. [PMID: 34185516 PMCID: PMC8291763 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.1c00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) are often used to mimic biological membranes in reconstitution experiments. They are also widely used in research on synthetic cells, as they provide a mechanically responsive reaction compartment that allows for controlled exchange of reactants with the environment. However, while many methods exist to encapsulate functional biomolecules in GUVs, there is no one-size-fits-all solution and reliable GUV fabrication still remains a major experimental hurdle in the field. Here, we show that defect-free GUVs containing complex biochemical systems can be generated by optimizing a double-emulsion method for GUV formation called continuous droplet interface crossing encapsulation (cDICE). By tightly controlling environmental conditions and tuning the lipid-in-oil dispersion, we show that it is possible to significantly improve the reproducibility of high-quality GUV formation as well as the encapsulation efficiency. We demonstrate efficient encapsulation for a range of biological systems including a minimal actin cytoskeleton, membrane-anchored DNA nanostructures, and a functional PURE (protein synthesis using recombinant elements) system. Our optimized cDICE method displays promising potential to become a standard method in biophysics and bottom-up synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Federico Fanalista
- Department
of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Lennard van Buren
- Department
of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Nicola De Franceschi
- Department
of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Elisa Godino
- Department
of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Sharon Bouw
- Department
of Living Matter, AMOLF, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christophe Danelon
- Department
of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Cees Dekker
- Department
of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Gijsje H. Koenderink
- Department
of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
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10
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Liu P, Zabala-Ferrera O, Beltramo PJ. Fabrication and electromechanical characterization of freestanding asymmetric membranes. Biophys J 2021; 120:1755-1764. [PMID: 33675759 PMCID: PMC8204216 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
All biological cell membranes maintain an electric transmembrane potential of around 100 mV, due in part to an asymmetric distribution of charged phospholipids across the membrane. This asymmetry is crucial to cell health and physiological processes such as intracell signaling, receptor-mediated endocytosis, and membrane protein function. Experimental artificial membrane systems incorporate essential cell membrane structures, such as the phospholipid bilayer, in a controllable manner in which specific properties and processes can be isolated and examined. Here, we describe an approach to fabricate and characterize planar, freestanding, asymmetric membranes and use it to examine the effect of headgroup charge on membrane stiffness. The approach relies on a thin film balance used to form a freestanding membrane by adsorbing aqueous phase lipid vesicles to an oil-water interface and subsequently thinning the oil to form a bilayer. We validate this lipid-in-aqueous approach by analyzing the thickness and compressibility of symmetric membranes with varying zwitterionic 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) and anionic 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-rac-glycerol) sodium salt (DOPG) content as compared with previous lipid-in-oil methods. We find that as the concentration of DOPG increases, membranes become thicker and stiffer. Asymmetric membranes are fabricated by controlling the lipid vesicle composition in the aqueous reservoirs on either side of the oil. Membrane compositional asymmetry is qualitatively demonstrated using a fluorescence quenching assay and quantitatively characterized through voltage-dependent capacitance measurements. Stable asymmetric membranes with DOPC on one side and DOPC-DOPG mixtures on the other were created with transmembrane potentials ranging from 15 to 80 mV. Introducing membrane charge asymmetry decreases both the thickness and stiffness in comparison with symmetric membranes with the same overall phospholipid composition. These initial successes demonstrate a viable pathway to quantitatively characterize asymmetric bilayers that can be extended to accommodate more complex membranes and membrane processes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Oscar Zabala-Ferrera
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Peter J Beltramo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts.
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11
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Alqabandi M, de Franceschi N, Maity S, Miguet N, Bally M, Roos WH, Weissenhorn W, Bassereau P, Mangenot S. The ESCRT-III isoforms CHMP2A and CHMP2B display different effects on membranes upon polymerization. BMC Biol 2021; 19:66. [PMID: 33832485 PMCID: PMC8033747 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-00983-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ESCRT-III proteins are involved in many membrane remodeling processes including multivesicular body biogenesis as first discovered in yeast. In humans, ESCRT-III CHMP2 exists as two isoforms, CHMP2A and CHMP2B, but their physical characteristics have not been compared yet. RESULTS Here, we use a combination of techniques on biomimetic systems and purified proteins to study their affinity and effects on membranes. We establish that CHMP2B binding is enhanced in the presence of PI(4,5)P2 lipids. In contrast, CHMP2A does not display lipid specificity and requires CHMP3 for binding significantly to membranes. On the micrometer scale and at moderate bulk concentrations, CHMP2B forms a reticular structure on membranes whereas CHMP2A (+CHMP3) binds homogeneously. Thus, CHMP2A and CHMP2B unexpectedly induce different mechanical effects to membranes: CHMP2B strongly rigidifies them while CHMP2A (+CHMP3) has no significant effect. CONCLUSIONS We therefore conclude that CHMP2B and CHMP2A exhibit different mechanical properties and might thus contribute differently to the diverse ESCRT-III-catalyzed membrane remodeling processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Alqabandi
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Nicola de Franceschi
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Sourav Maity
- Moleculaire Biofysica, Zernike Instituut, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nolwenn Miguet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Marta Bally
- Umeå University, Department of Clinical Microbiology & Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, 90185, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Wouter H Roos
- Moleculaire Biofysica, Zernike Instituut, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Winfried Weissenhorn
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Patricia Bassereau
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Mangenot
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, 75005, Paris, France.
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12
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The effect of major terpenes of the hop essential oil on the mixed monolayers and bilayers imitating bacteria membranes. In search of the natural pesticides. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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13
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Abstract
Giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) have gained great popularity as mimicries for cellular membranes. As their sizes are comfortably above the optical resolution limit, and their lipid composition is easily controlled, they are ideal for quantitative light microscopic investigation of dynamic processes in and on membranes. However, reconstitution of functional proteins into the lumen or the GUV membrane itself has proven technically challenging. In recent years, a selection of techniques has been introduced that tremendously improve GUV-assay development and enable the precise investigation of protein-membrane interactions under well-controlled conditions. Moreover, due to these methodological advances, GUVs are considered important candidates as protocells in bottom-up synthetic biology. In this review, we discuss the state of the art of the most important vesicle production and protein encapsulation methods and highlight some key protein systems whose functional reconstitution has advanced the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Litschel
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried 82152, Germany; ,
| | - Petra Schwille
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried 82152, Germany; ,
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14
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Zorrilla S, Monterroso B, Robles-Ramos MÁ, Margolin W, Rivas G. FtsZ Interactions and Biomolecular Condensates as Potential Targets for New Antibiotics. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10030254. [PMID: 33806332 PMCID: PMC7999717 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10030254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
FtsZ is an essential and central protein for cell division in most bacteria. Because of its ability to organize into dynamic polymers at the cell membrane and recruit other protein partners to form a “divisome”, FtsZ is a leading target in the quest for new antibacterial compounds. Strategies to potentially arrest the essential and tightly regulated cell division process include perturbing FtsZ’s ability to interact with itself and other divisome proteins. Here, we discuss the available methodologies to screen for and characterize those interactions. In addition to assays that measure protein-ligand interactions in solution, we also discuss the use of minimal membrane systems and cell-like compartments to better approximate the native bacterial cell environment and hence provide a more accurate assessment of a candidate compound’s potential in vivo effect. We particularly focus on ways to measure and inhibit under-explored interactions between FtsZ and partner proteins. Finally, we discuss recent evidence that FtsZ forms biomolecular condensates in vitro, and the potential implications of these assemblies in bacterial resistance to antibiotic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Zorrilla
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.-Á.R.-R.); (G.R.)
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (B.M.); Tel.: +34-91-837-3112 (S.Z. & B.M.)
| | - Begoña Monterroso
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.-Á.R.-R.); (G.R.)
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (B.M.); Tel.: +34-91-837-3112 (S.Z. & B.M.)
| | - Miguel-Ángel Robles-Ramos
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.-Á.R.-R.); (G.R.)
| | - William Margolin
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Germán Rivas
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.-Á.R.-R.); (G.R.)
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15
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Ganzinger KA, Merino‐Salomón A, García‐Soriano DA, Butterfield AN, Litschel T, Siedler F, Schwille P. FtsZ Reorganization Facilitates Deformation of Giant Vesicles in Microfluidic Traps**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202001928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina A. Ganzinger
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry Am Klopferspitz 18 82152 Martinsried Germany
- Living Matter AMOLF P.O. Box 41883-1009 DB Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Adrián Merino‐Salomón
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry Am Klopferspitz 18 82152 Martinsried Germany
| | - Daniela A. García‐Soriano
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry Am Klopferspitz 18 82152 Martinsried Germany
| | - A. Nelson Butterfield
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry Am Klopferspitz 18 82152 Martinsried Germany
| | - Thomas Litschel
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry Am Klopferspitz 18 82152 Martinsried Germany
| | - Frank Siedler
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry Am Klopferspitz 18 82152 Martinsried Germany
| | - Petra Schwille
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry Am Klopferspitz 18 82152 Martinsried Germany
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16
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Ganzinger KA, Merino‐Salomón A, García‐Soriano DA, Butterfield AN, Litschel T, Siedler F, Schwille P. FtsZ Reorganization Facilitates Deformation of Giant Vesicles in Microfluidic Traps*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:21372-21376. [PMID: 32735732 PMCID: PMC7756778 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202001928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The geometry of reaction compartments can affect the local outcome of interface-restricted reactions. Giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) are commonly used to generate cell-sized, membrane-bound reaction compartments, which are, however, always spherical. Herein, we report the development of a microfluidic chip to trap and reversibly deform GUVs into cigar-like shapes. When trapping and elongating GUVs that contain the primary protein of the bacterial Z ring, FtsZ, we find that membrane-bound FtsZ filaments align preferentially with the short GUV axis. When GUVs are released from this confinement and membrane tension is relaxed, FtsZ reorganizes reversibly from filaments into dynamic rings that stabilize membrane protrusions; a process that allows reversible GUV deformation. We conclude that microfluidic traps are useful for manipulating both geometry and tension of GUVs, and for investigating how both affect the outcome of spatially-sensitive reactions inside them, such as that of protein self-organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina A. Ganzinger
- Department of Cellular and Molecular BiophysicsMax Planck Institute of BiochemistryAm Klopferspitz 1882152MartinsriedGermany
- Living MatterAMOLFP.O. Box 41883-1009 DBAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Adrián Merino‐Salomón
- Department of Cellular and Molecular BiophysicsMax Planck Institute of BiochemistryAm Klopferspitz 1882152MartinsriedGermany
| | - Daniela A. García‐Soriano
- Department of Cellular and Molecular BiophysicsMax Planck Institute of BiochemistryAm Klopferspitz 1882152MartinsriedGermany
| | - A. Nelson Butterfield
- Department of Cellular and Molecular BiophysicsMax Planck Institute of BiochemistryAm Klopferspitz 1882152MartinsriedGermany
| | - Thomas Litschel
- Department of Cellular and Molecular BiophysicsMax Planck Institute of BiochemistryAm Klopferspitz 1882152MartinsriedGermany
| | - Frank Siedler
- Department of Cellular and Molecular BiophysicsMax Planck Institute of BiochemistryAm Klopferspitz 1882152MartinsriedGermany
| | - Petra Schwille
- Department of Cellular and Molecular BiophysicsMax Planck Institute of BiochemistryAm Klopferspitz 1882152MartinsriedGermany
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17
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Wang KW, Wang Y, Hall CK. Development of a coarse-grained lipid model, LIME 2.0, for DSPE using multistate iterative Boltzmann inversion and discontinuous molecular dynamics simulations. FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA 2020; 521:112704. [PMID: 37982069 PMCID: PMC10655612 DOI: 10.1016/j.fluid.2020.112704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
We suggest an improved version of the intermediate resolution implicit solvent model for lipids, LIME, that was previously developed for use with discontinuous molecular dynamics (DMD) simulations. LIME gets its geometrical and the energy parameters between bonded and nonbonded pairs of coarse-grained (CG) sites from atomistic simulations. The improved model, LIME 2.0, uses multiple square wells rather than the single square well used in original LIME to obtain intermolecular interactions that more faithfully mimic those from atomistic simulations. The multi-state iterative Boltzmann inversion (MS-IBI) scheme is used to determine the interaction parameters. This means that a single set of interaction parameters between coarse-grained sites can be used to represent the lipid bilayers at different temperatures. The physical properties of CG DSPE lipid bilayer are calculated using CG simulations and compared to atomistic simulations results to verify the improved model. The phase transition temperature of the lipid bilayer is measured accurately and the lipid translocation phenomenon, " flip-flop" is observed through CG simulation. These results suggest that CG parameterization using multiple square-well and the MS-IBI scheme is well suited to the study of lipid bilayers cross a range of temperatures with DMD simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kye Won Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695
| | - Yiming Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695
| | - Carol K. Hall
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695
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18
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Abstract
Nanodiscs (ND) are soluble phospholipid bilayers bounded by membrane scaffold proteins; they have become invaluable in the study of membrane proteins. However, this multifunctional tool has been used individually, and applications involving multiple NDs and their interactions have fallen far behind their counterpart membrane model system: liposomes. One major obstacle is the lack of reliable methods to manage the spatial arrangement of NDs. Here we sought to extend the utility of NDs by organizing them on DNA origami. NDs constructed with DNA-anchor amphiphiles were placed precisely and specifically into these DNA nanostructures via hybridization. Four different tethering strategies were explored and validated. A variety of geometric patterns of NDs were successfully programmed on origami, as evidenced by electron microscopy. The ND ensembles generated in this study provide new and powerful platforms to study protein-lipid or protein-protein interactions with spatial control of membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Edwin R. Chapman
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
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19
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Elias M, Dutoya A, Laborde A, Lecestre A, Montis C, Caselli L, Berti D, Lonetti B, Roux C, Joseph P. Microfluidic characterization of biomimetic membrane mechanics with an on-chip micropipette. MICRO AND NANO ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mne.2020.100064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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20
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Jennings J, Carter MCD, Son CY, Cui Q, Lynn DM, Mahanthappa MK. Protonation-Driven Aqueous Lyotropic Self-Assembly of Synthetic Six-Tail Lipidoids. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:8240-8252. [PMID: 32649210 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report the aqueous lyotropic mesophase behaviors of protonated amine-based "lipidoids," a class of synthetic lipid-like molecules that mirrors essential structural features of the multitail bacterial amphiphile lipid A. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) studies demonstrate that the protonation of the tetra(amine) headgroups of six-tail lipidoids in aqueous HCl, HNO3, H2SO4, and H3PO4 solutions variably drives their self-assembly into lamellar (Lα) and inverse micellar (III) lyotropic liquid crystals (LLCs), depending on acid identity and concentration, amphiphile tail length, and temperature. Lipidoid assemblies formed in H2SO4(aq) exhibit rare inverse body-centered cubic (BCC) and inverse face-centered cubic (FCC) micellar morphologies, the latter of which unexpectedly coexists with zero mean curvature Lα phases. Complementary atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations furnish detailed insights into this unusual self-assembly behavior. The unique aqueous lyotropic mesophase behaviors of ammonium lipidoids originate in their dichotomous ability to adopt both inverse conical and chain-extended molecular conformations depending on the number of counterions and their identity, which lead to coexisting supramolecular assemblies with remarkably different mean interfacial curvatures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Mahesh K Mahanthappa
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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21
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Synthesis of imidazolium-terminated carbosilane dendrimers and dendrons and study of their interactions with a cell membrane model. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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Tiberti ML, Antonny B, Gautier R. The transbilayer distribution of polyunsaturated phospholipids determines their facilitating effect on membrane deformation. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:1722-1730. [PMID: 31916552 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm02107h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the cell, membrane deformation and fission (collectively referred to as 'budding') is driven by specific protein machineries but is also influenced by lipid composition. We previously reported that phospholipids with polyunsaturated acyl chains facilitate membrane budding because they adapt their shape to membrane curvature, thereby decreasing membrane bending rigidity. The facilitating effect of polyunsaturated lipids was observed in experiments and simulations performed on membranes where the two bilayer leaflets had the same lipid composition. However, biological membranes are generally asymmetric. Here, we present coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations on asymmetric phospholipid bilayers undergoing deformation via a pulling force along the bilayer normal. One leaflet contains monounsaturated C18:0-C18:1-phospholipids, whereas the opposite leaflet contains polyunsaturated C18:0-C22:6-phospholipids. When present in the monolayer orientated towards the pulling force and thereby in the convex face of the forming tube, C18:0-C22:6-phospholipids facilitate membrane tubulation. In contrast, C18:0-C22:6-phospholipids in the concave face of the tube have no effect. Analysis of lipid shape indicates that these contrasting effects arise from the superior ability of polyunsaturated phospholipids to swell in the convex leaflet, whereas mono and polyunsaturated phospholipids behave similarly in the concave leaflet. The leaflet-dependent effect of polyunsaturated phospholipids matches well their asymmetric distribution in biological membranes, notably in synaptic vesicles, which are produced by the fastest budding event in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion L Tiberti
- Université Côte d'Azur et CNRS, IPMC, 660 route des lucioles, 06560 Valbonne, France.
| | - Bruno Antonny
- Université Côte d'Azur et CNRS, IPMC, 660 route des lucioles, 06560 Valbonne, France.
| | - Romain Gautier
- Université Côte d'Azur et CNRS, IPMC, 660 route des lucioles, 06560 Valbonne, France.
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23
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Influenza A matrix protein M1 induces lipid membrane deformation via protein multimerization. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20191024. [PMID: 31324731 PMCID: PMC6682550 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20191024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The matrix protein M1 of the Influenza A virus (IAV) is supposed to mediate viral assembly and budding at the plasma membrane (PM) of infected cells. In order for a new viral particle to form, the PM lipid bilayer has to bend into a vesicle toward the extracellular side. Studies in cellular models have proposed that different viral proteins might be responsible for inducing membrane curvature in this context (including M1), but a clear consensus has not been reached. In the present study, we use a combination of fluorescence microscopy, cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM), cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) and scanning fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (sFCS) to investigate M1-induced membrane deformation in biophysical models of the PM. Our results indicate that M1 is indeed able to cause membrane curvature in lipid bilayers containing negatively charged lipids, in the absence of other viral components. Furthermore, we prove that protein binding is not sufficient to induce membrane restructuring. Rather, it appears that stable M1-M1 interactions and multimer formation are required in order to alter the bilayer three-dimensional structure, through the formation of a protein scaffold. Finally, our results suggest that, in a physiological context, M1-induced membrane deformation might be modulated by the initial bilayer curvature and the lateral organization of membrane components (i.e. the presence of lipid domains).
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24
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Eto H, Soga N, Franquelim HG, Glock P, Khmelinskaia A, Kai L, Heymann M, Noji H, Schwille P. Design of Sealable Custom-Shaped Cell Mimicries Based on Self-Assembled Monolayers on CYTOP Polymer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:21372-21380. [PMID: 31136146 PMCID: PMC6750829 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b05073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In bottom-up synthetic biology, one of the major methodological challenges is to provide reaction spaces that mimic biological systems with regard to topology and surface functionality. Of particular interest are cell- or organelle-shaped membrane compartments, as many protein functions unfold at lipid interfaces. However, shaping artificial cell systems using materials with non-intrusive physicochemical properties, while maintaining flexible lipid interfaces relevant to the reconstituted protein systems, is not straightforward. Herein, we develop micropatterned chambers from CYTOP, a less commonly used polymer with good chemical resistance and a refractive index matching that of water. By forming a self-assembled lipid monolayer on the polymer surface, we dramatically increased the biocompatibility of CYTOP-fabricated systems. The phospholipid interface provides an excellent passivation layer to prevent protein adhesion to the hydrophobic surface, and we succeeded in cell-free protein synthesis inside the chambers. Importantly, the chambers could be sealed after loading by a lipid monolayer, providing a novel platform to study encapsulated systems. We successfully reconstituted pole-to-pole oscillations of the Escherichia coli MinDE system, which responds dramatically to compartment geometry. Furthermore, we present a simplified fabrication of our artificial cell compartments via replica molding, making it a readily accessible technique for standard cleanroom facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromune Eto
- Max
Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Naoki Soga
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Henri G. Franquelim
- Max
Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Philipp Glock
- Max
Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Alena Khmelinskaia
- Max
Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany
- Institute
for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, Washington, United States
| | - Lei Kai
- Max
Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany
- School
of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Shanghai Road 101, 221116 Xuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Michael Heymann
- Max
Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Hiroyuki Noji
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Petra Schwille
- Max
Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany
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25
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Dimova R. Giant Vesicles and Their Use in Assays for Assessing Membrane Phase State, Curvature, Mechanics, and Electrical Properties. Annu Rev Biophys 2019; 48:93-119. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biophys-052118-115342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Giant unilamellar vesicles represent a promising and extremely useful model biomembrane system for systematic measurements of mechanical, thermodynamic, electrical, and rheological properties of lipid bilayers as a function of membrane composition, surrounding media, and temperature. The most important advantage of giant vesicles over other model membrane systems is that the membrane responses to external factors such as ions, (macro)molecules, hydrodynamic flows, or electromagnetic fields can be directly observed under the microscope. Here, we briefly review approaches for giant vesicle preparation and describe several assays used for deducing the membrane phase state and measuring a number of material properties, with further emphasis on membrane reshaping and curvature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumiana Dimova
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Science Park Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
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26
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Betaneli V, Mücksch J, Schwille P. Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy to Examine Protein-Lipid Interactions in Membranes. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 2003:415-447. [PMID: 31218628 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9512-7_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) is a versatile technique to study membrane dynamics and protein-lipid interactions. It can provide information about diffusion coefficients, concentrations, and molecular interactions of proteins and lipids in the membrane. These parameters allow for the determination of protein partitioning into different lipid environments, the identification of lipid domains, and the detection of lipid-protein complexes on the membrane. During the last decades, FCS studies were successfully performed on model membrane systems as also on living cells, to characterize protein-lipid interactions. Recent developments of the method described here improved quantitative measurements on membranes and decreased the number of potential artifacts. The aim of this chapter is to provide the reader with the necessary information and some practical guidelines to perform FCS studies on artificial and cellular membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Betaneli
- Medical Faculty "Carl Gustav Carus", Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jonas Mücksch
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Petra Schwille
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany.
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27
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Khmelinskaia A, Mücksch J, Petrov EP, Franquelim HG, Schwille P. Control of Membrane Binding and Diffusion of Cholesteryl-Modified DNA Origami Nanostructures by DNA Spacers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:14921-14931. [PMID: 30253101 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
DNA origami nanotechnology is being increasingly used to mimic membrane-associated biophysical phenomena. Although a variety of DNA origami nanostructures has already been produced to target lipid membranes, the requirements for membrane binding have so far not been systematically assessed. Here, we used a set of elongated DNA origami structures with varying placement and number of cholesteryl-based membrane anchors to compare different strategies for their incorporation. Single and multiple cholesteryl anchors were attached to DNA nanostructures using single- and double-stranded DNA spacers of varying length. The produced DNA nanostructures were studied in terms of their membrane binding and diffusion. Our results show that the location and number of anchoring moieties play a crucial role for membrane binding of DNA nanostructures mainly if the cholesteryl anchors are in close proximity to the bulky DNA nanostructures. Moreover, the use of DNA spacers largely overcomes local steric hindrances and thus enhances membrane binding. Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy measurements demonstrate that the distinct physical properties of single- and double-stranded DNA spacers control the interaction of the amphipathic DNA nanostructures with lipid membranes. Thus, we provide a rational basis for the design of amphipathic DNA origami nanostructures to efficiently bind lipid membranes in various environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Khmelinskaia
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry , Am Klopferspitz 18 , 82152 Martinsried , Germany
| | - Jonas Mücksch
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry , Am Klopferspitz 18 , 82152 Martinsried , Germany
| | - Eugene P Petrov
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry , Am Klopferspitz 18 , 82152 Martinsried , Germany
- Faculty of Physics , Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich , Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1 , 80539 Munich , Germany
| | - Henri G Franquelim
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry , Am Klopferspitz 18 , 82152 Martinsried , Germany
| | - Petra Schwille
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry , Am Klopferspitz 18 , 82152 Martinsried , Germany
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28
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Chand S, Beales P, Claeyssens F, Ciani B. Topography design in model membranes: Where biology meets physics. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2018; 244:294-303. [PMID: 30379575 DOI: 10.1177/1535370218809369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT Artificial membranes with complex topography aid the understanding of biological processes where membrane geometry plays a key regulatory role. In this review, we highlight how emerging material and engineering technologies have been employed to create minimal models of cell signaling pathways, in vitro. These artificial systems allow life scientists to answer ever more challenging questions with regards to mechanisms in cellular biology. In vitro reconstitution of biology is an area that draws on the expertise and collaboration between biophysicists, material scientists and biologists and has recently generated a number of high impact results, some of which are also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarina Chand
- 1 Centre for Membrane Structure and Dynamics, Krebs Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK.,2 The Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, UK
| | - Paul Beales
- 3 School of Chemistry and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Frederik Claeyssens
- 2 The Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, UK
| | - Barbara Ciani
- 1 Centre for Membrane Structure and Dynamics, Krebs Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK
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29
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Crowe CD, Keating CD. Liquid-liquid phase separation in artificial cells. Interface Focus 2018; 8:20180032. [PMID: 30443328 PMCID: PMC6227770 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2018.0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) in biology is a recently appreciated means of intracellular compartmentalization. Because the mechanisms driving phase separations are grounded in physical interactions, they can be recreated within less complex systems consisting of only a few simple components, to serve as artificial microcompartments. Within these simple systems, the effect of compartmentalization and microenvironments upon biological reactions and processes can be studied. This review will explore several approaches to incorporating LLPS as artificial cytoplasms and in artificial cells, including both segregative and associative phase separation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christine D. Keating
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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30
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Beber A, Alqabandi M, Prévost C, Viars F, Lévy D, Bassereau P, Bertin A, Mangenot S. Septin‐based readout of PI(4,5)P2 incorporation into membranes of giant unilamellar vesicles. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2018; 76:92-103. [DOI: 10.1002/cm.21480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Beber
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie CurieInstitut Curie, PSL Research University Paris France
- Sorbonne Université Paris France
| | - Maryam Alqabandi
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie CurieInstitut Curie, PSL Research University Paris France
- Sorbonne Université Paris France
| | - Coline Prévost
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie CurieInstitut Curie, PSL Research University Paris France
- Sorbonne Université Paris France
| | - Fanny Viars
- Institut des maladies métaboliques et cardiovasculairesUMR1048, Inserm/Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse France
| | - Daniel Lévy
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie CurieInstitut Curie, PSL Research University Paris France
- Sorbonne Université Paris France
| | - Patricia Bassereau
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie CurieInstitut Curie, PSL Research University Paris France
- Sorbonne Université Paris France
| | - Aurélie Bertin
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie CurieInstitut Curie, PSL Research University Paris France
- Sorbonne Université Paris France
| | - Stéphanie Mangenot
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie CurieInstitut Curie, PSL Research University Paris France
- Sorbonne Université Paris France
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31
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Pick H, Alves AC, Vogel H. Single-Vesicle Assays Using Liposomes and Cell-Derived Vesicles: From Modeling Complex Membrane Processes to Synthetic Biology and Biomedical Applications. Chem Rev 2018; 118:8598-8654. [PMID: 30153012 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The plasma membrane is of central importance for defining the closed volume of cells in contradistinction to the extracellular environment. The plasma membrane not only serves as a boundary, but it also mediates the exchange of physical and chemical information between the cell and its environment in order to maintain intra- and intercellular functions. Artificial lipid- and cell-derived membrane vesicles have been used as closed-volume containers, representing the simplest cell model systems to study transmembrane processes and intracellular biochemistry. Classical examples are studies of membrane translocation processes in plasma membrane vesicles and proteoliposomes mediated by transport proteins and ion channels. Liposomes and native membrane vesicles are widely used as model membranes for investigating the binding and bilayer insertion of proteins, the structure and function of membrane proteins, the intramembrane composition and distribution of lipids and proteins, and the intermembrane interactions during exo- and endocytosis. In addition, natural cell-released microvesicles have gained importance for early detection of diseases and for their use as nanoreactors and minimal protocells. Yet, in most studies, ensembles of vesicles have been employed. More recently, new micro- and nanotechnological tools as well as novel developments in both optical and electron microscopy have allowed the isolation and investigation of individual (sub)micrometer-sized vesicles. Such single-vesicle experiments have revealed large heterogeneities in the structure and function of membrane components of single vesicles, which were hidden in ensemble studies. These results have opened enormous possibilities for bioanalysis and biotechnological applications involving unprecedented miniaturization at the nanometer and attoliter range. This review will cover important developments toward single-vesicle analysis and the central discoveries made in this exciting field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Horst Pick
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , CH-1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Ana Catarina Alves
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , CH-1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Horst Vogel
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , CH-1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
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Khmelinskaia A, Mücksch J, Conci F, Chwastek G, Schwille P. FCS Analysis of Protein Mobility on Lipid Monolayers. Biophys J 2018; 114:2444-2454. [PMID: 29605081 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro membrane model systems are used to dissect complex biological phenomena under controlled unadulterated conditions. In this context, lipid monolayers are a powerful tool to particularly study the influence of lipid packing on the behavior of membrane proteins. Here, monolayers deposited in miniaturized fixed area-chambers, which require only minute amounts of protein, were used and shown to faithfully reproduce the characteristics of Langmuir monolayers. This assay is ideally suited to be combined with single-molecule sensitive fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) to characterize diffusion dynamics. Our results confirm the influence of lipid packing on lipid mobility and validate the use of FCS as an alternative to conventional surface pressure measurements for characterizing the monolayer. Furthermore, we demonstrate the effect of lipid density on the diffusional behavior of membrane-bound components. We exploit the sensitivity of FCS to characterize protein interactions with the lipid monolayer in a regime in which the monolayer physical properties are not altered. To demonstrate the potential of our approach, we analyzed the diffusion behavior of objects of different nature, ranging from a small peptide to a large DNA-based nanostructure. Moreover, in this work we quantify the surface viscosity of lipid monolayers. We present a detailed strategy for the conduction of point FCS experiments on lipid monolayers, which is the first step toward extensive studies of protein-monolayer interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Khmelinskaia
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jonas Mücksch
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Franco Conci
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Grzegorz Chwastek
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Petra Schwille
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany.
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Elani Y, Trantidou T, Wylie D, Dekker L, Polizzi K, Law RV, Ces O. Constructing vesicle-based artificial cells with embedded living cells as organelle-like modules. Sci Rep 2018. [PMID: 29540757 PMCID: PMC5852042 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22263-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing interest in constructing artificial cells by functionalising lipid vesicles with biological and synthetic machinery. Due to their reduced complexity and lack of evolved biochemical pathways, the capabilities of artificial cells are limited in comparison to their biological counterparts. We show that encapsulating living cells in vesicles provides a means for artificial cells to leverage cellular biochemistry, with the encapsulated cells serving organelle-like functions as living modules inside a larger synthetic cell assembly. Using microfluidic technologies to construct such hybrid cellular bionic systems, we demonstrate that the vesicle host and the encapsulated cell operate in concert. The external architecture of the vesicle shields the cell from toxic surroundings, while the cell acts as a bioreactor module that processes encapsulated feedstock which is further processed by a synthetic enzymatic metabolism co-encapsulated in the vesicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Elani
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK. .,Institute of Chemical Biology, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Tatiana Trantidou
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Douglas Wylie
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.,Institute of Chemical Biology, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Linda Dekker
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Karen Polizzi
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Robert V Law
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Oscar Ces
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK. .,Institute of Chemical Biology, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
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Lectin-mediated protocell crosslinking to mimic cell-cell junctions and adhesion. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1932. [PMID: 29386533 PMCID: PMC5792463 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20230-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell adhesion is a crucial feature of all multicellular organisms, as it allows cells to organise themselves into tissues to carry out specific functions. Here, we present a mimetic approach that uses multivalent lectins with opposing binding sites to crosslink glycan-functionalised giant unilamellar vesicles. The crosslinking process drives the progression from contact puncta into elongated protocellular junctions, which form the vesicles into polygonal clusters resembling tissues. Due to their carbohydrate specificity, different lectins can be engaged in parallel with both natural and synthetic glycoconjugates to generate complex interfaces with distinct lectin domains. In addition, the formation of protocellular junctions can be combined with adhesion to a functionalised support by other ligand-receptor interactions to render increased stability against fluid flow. Furthermore, we consider that adhesion is a complex process of attraction and repulsion by doping the vesicles with a PEG-modified lipid, and demonstrate a dose-dependent decrease of lectin binding and formation of protocellular junctions. We suggest that the engineering of prototissues through lectin-glycan interactions is an important step towards synthetic minimal tissues and in designing artificial systems to reconstruct the fundamental functions of biology.
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Perrier DL, Rems L, Boukany PE. Lipid vesicles in pulsed electric fields: Fundamental principles of the membrane response and its biomedical applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 249:248-271. [PMID: 28499600 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2017.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The present review focuses on the effects of pulsed electric fields on lipid vesicles ranging from giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) to small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs), from both fundamental and applicative perspectives. Lipid vesicles are the most popular model membrane systems for studying biophysical and biological processes in living cells. Furthermore, as vesicles are made from biocompatible and biodegradable materials, they provide a strategy to create safe and functionalized drug delivery systems in health-care applications. Exposure of lipid vesicles to pulsed electric fields is a common physical method to transiently increase the permeability of the lipid membrane. This method, termed electroporation, has shown many advantages for delivering exogenous molecules including drugs and genetic material into vesicles and living cells. In addition, electroporation can be applied to induce fusion between vesicles and/or cells. First, we discuss in detail how research on cell-size GUVs as model cell systems has provided novel insight into the basic mechanisms of cell electroporation and associated phenomena. Afterwards, we continue with a thorough overview how electroporation and electrofusion have been used as versatile methods to manipulate vesicles of all sizes in different biomedical applications. We conclude by summarizing the open questions in the field of electroporation and possible future directions for vesicles in the biomedical field.
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Probing and manipulating intracellular membrane traffic by microinjection of artificial vesicles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E9883-E9892. [PMID: 29087339 PMCID: PMC5699080 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1713524114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
There is still a large gap in our understanding between the functional complexity of cells and the reconstruction of partial cellular functions in vitro from purified or engineered parts. Here we have introduced artificial vesicles of defined composition into living cells to probe the capacity of the cellular cytoplasm in dealing with foreign material and to develop tools for the directed manipulation of cellular functions. Our data show that protein-free liposomes, after variable delay times, are captured by the Golgi apparatus that is reached either by random diffusion or, in the case of large unilamellar vesicles, by microtubule-dependent transport via a dynactin/dynein motor complex. However, insertion of early endosomal SNARE proteins suffices to convert liposomes into trafficking vesicles that dock and fuse with early endosomes, thus overriding the default pathway to the Golgi. Moreover, such liposomes can be directed to mitochondria expressing simple artificial affinity tags, which can also be employed to divert endogenous trafficking vesicles. In addition, fusion or subsequent acidification of liposomes can be monitored by incorporation of appropriate chemical sensors. This approach provides an opportunity for probing and manipulating cellular functions that cannot be addressed by conventional genetic approaches. We conclude that the cellular cytoplasm has a remarkable capacity for self-organization and that introduction of such macromolecular complexes may advance nanoengineering of eukaryotic cells.
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Development of lysosome-mimicking vesicles to study the effect of abnormal accumulation of sphingosine on membrane properties. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28638081 PMCID: PMC5479847 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04125-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic systems are widely used to unveil the molecular mechanisms of complex cellular events. Artificial membranes are key examples of models employed to address lipid-lipid and lipid-protein interactions. In this work, we developed a new synthetic system that more closely resembles the lysosome – the lysosome-mimicking vesicles (LMVs) – displaying stable acid-to-neutral pH gradient across the membrane. To evaluate the advantages of this synthetic system, we assessed the distinct effects of sphingosine (Sph) accumulation in membrane structure and biophysical properties of standard liposomes (no pH gradient) and in LMVs with lipid composition tuned to mimic physiological- or NPC1-like lysosomes. Ternary 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC)/Sphingomyelin (SM)/Cholesterol (Chol) mixtures with, respectively, low and high Chol/SM levels were prepared. The effect of Sph on membrane permeability and biophysical properties was evaluated by fluorescence spectroscopy, electrophoretic and dynamic light scattering. The results showed that overall Sph has the ability to cause a shift in vesicle surface charge, increase membrane order and promote a rapid increase in membrane permeability. These effects are enhanced in NPC1- LMVs. The results suggest that lysosomal accumulation of these lipids, as observed under pathological conditions, might significantly affect lysosomal membrane structure and integrity, and therefore contribute to the impairment of cell function.
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Saletti D, Radzimanowski J, Effantin G, Midtvedt D, Mangenot S, Weissenhorn W, Bassereau P, Bally M. The Matrix protein M1 from influenza C virus induces tubular membrane invaginations in an in vitro cell membrane model. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40801. [PMID: 28120862 PMCID: PMC5264427 DOI: 10.1038/srep40801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix proteins from enveloped viruses play an important role in budding and stabilizing virus particles. In order to assess the role of the matrix protein M1 from influenza C virus (M1-C) in plasma membrane deformation, we have combined structural and in vitro reconstitution experiments with model membranes. We present the crystal structure of the N-terminal domain of M1-C and show by Small Angle X-Ray Scattering analysis that full-length M1-C folds into an elongated structure that associates laterally into ring-like or filamentous polymers. Using negatively charged giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs), we demonstrate that M1-C full-length binds to and induces inward budding of membrane tubules with diameters that resemble the diameter of viruses. Membrane tubule formation requires the C-terminal domain of M1-C, corroborating its essential role for M1-C polymerization. Our results indicate that M1-C assembly on membranes constitutes the driving force for budding and suggest that M1-C plays a key role in facilitating viral egress.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Saletti
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR168, 75005, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Jens Radzimanowski
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), 71, avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Gregory Effantin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), 71, avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Daniel Midtvedt
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stéphanie Mangenot
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR168, 75005, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Winfried Weissenhorn
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), 71, avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Patricia Bassereau
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR168, 75005, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Marta Bally
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR168, 75005, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 75005, Paris, France
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Singh P. Budding Yeast: An Ideal Backdrop for In vivo Lipid Biochemistry. Front Cell Dev Biol 2017; 4:156. [PMID: 28119915 PMCID: PMC5222803 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2016.00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological membranes are non-covalent assembly of lipids and proteins. Lipids play critical role in determining membrane physical properties and regulate the function of membrane associated proteins. Budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae offers an exceptional advantage to understand the lipid-protein interactions since lipid metabolism and homeostasis are relatively simple and well characterized as compared to other eukaryotes. In addition, a vast array of genetic and cell biological tools are available to determine and understand the role of a particular lipid in various lipid metabolic disorders. Budding yeast has been instrumental in delineating mechanisms related to lipid metabolism, trafficking and their localization in different subcellular compartments at various cell cycle stages. Further, availability of tools and enormous potential for the development of useful reagents and novel technologies to localize a particular lipid in different subcellular compartments in yeast makes it a formidable system to carry out lipid biology. Taken together, yeast provides an outstanding backdrop to characterize lipid metabolic changes under various physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpendra Singh
- Center for Cell Dynamics, Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, MD, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimore, MD, USA
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Fowler S, Akins M, Bennett SAL. Preparation of Gap Junctions in Membrane Microdomains for Immunoprecipitation and Mass Spectrometry Interactome Analysis. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1437:113-32. [PMID: 27207290 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3664-9_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Protein interaction networks at gap junction plaques are increasingly implicated in a variety of intracellular signaling cascades. Identifying protein interactions of integral membrane proteins is a valuable tool for determining channel function. However, several technical challenges exist. Subcellular fractionation of the bait protein matrix is usually required to identify less abundant proteins in complex homogenates. Sufficient solvation of the lipid environment without perturbation of the protein interactome must also be achieved. The present chapter describes the flotation of light and heavy liver tissue membrane microdomains to facilitate the identification and analysis of endogenous gap junction proteins and includes technical notes for translation to other integral membrane proteins, tissues, or cell culture models. These procedures are valuable tools for the enrichment of gap junction membrane compartments and for the identification of gap junction signaling interactomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Fowler
- Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Mark Akins
- Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Steffany A L Bennett
- Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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41
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Noble
- Editor, Interface Focus
- Department of Physiology, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, UK
| | - Clemens Kaminski
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, UK
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