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Nikas AN, Curcio EJ, Nascone-Yoder N, Lubkin SR. Morphoelastic models discriminate between different mechanisms of left-right asymmetric stomach morphogenesis. Cells Dev 2024; 177:203902. [PMID: 38281683 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2024.203902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
The mechanisms by which the vertebrate stomach undergoes its evolutionarily conserved leftward bending remain incompletely understood. Although the left and right sides of the organ are known to possess different gene expression patterns and undergo distinct morphogenetic events, the physical mechanisms by which these differences generate morphological asymmetry remain unclear. Here, we develop a continuum model of asymmetric stomach morphogenesis. Using a morphoelastic framework, we investigate the morphogenetic implications of a variety of hypothetical, tissue-level growth differences between the left and right sides of a simplified tubular organ. Simulations reveal that, of the various differential growth mechanisms tested, only one category is consistent with the leftward stomach curvature observed in wild-type embryos: equal left and right volumetric growth rates, coupled with transversely isotropic tissue thinning on the left side. Simulating this mechanism in a defined region of the model over a longer period of growth leads to mature stomach-like curvatures.
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2
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Blonski S, Aureille J, Badawi S, Zaremba D, Pernet L, Grichine A, Fraboulet S, Korczyk PM, Recho P, Guilluy C, Dolega ME. Direction of epithelial folding defines impact of mechanical forces on epithelial state. Dev Cell 2021; 56:3222-3234.e6. [PMID: 34875225 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cell shape dynamics during development is tightly regulated and coordinated with cell fate determination. Triggered by an interplay between biochemical and mechanical signals, epithelia form complex tissues by undergoing coordinated cell shape changes, but how such spatiotemporal coordination is controlled remains an open question. To dissect biochemical signaling from purely mechanical cues, we developed a microfluidic system that experimentally triggers epithelial folding to recapitulate stereotypic deformations observed in vivo. Using this system, we observe that the apical or basal direction of folding results in strikingly different mechanical states at the fold boundary, where the balance between tissue tension and torque (arising from the imposed curvature) controls the spread of folding-induced calcium waves at a short timescale and induces spatial patterns of gene expression at longer timescales. Our work uncovers that folding-associated gradients of cell shape and their resulting mechanical stresses direct spatially distinct biochemical responses within the monolayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slawomir Blonski
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, IPPT, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Biosystems and Soft Matter, 02106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Julien Aureille
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Department of Microenvironment, Cell Plasticity and Signaling, University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Sara Badawi
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Department of Microenvironment, Cell Plasticity and Signaling, University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Damian Zaremba
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, IPPT, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Biosystems and Soft Matter, 02106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lydia Pernet
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Department of Microenvironment, Cell Plasticity and Signaling, University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Alexei Grichine
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Department of Microenvironment, Cell Plasticity and Signaling, University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Sandrine Fraboulet
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Department of Microenvironment, Cell Plasticity and Signaling, University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Piotr M Korczyk
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, IPPT, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Biosystems and Soft Matter, 02106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Pierre Recho
- LIPhy, University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR 5588, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Christophe Guilluy
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Department of Microenvironment, Cell Plasticity and Signaling, University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, 38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Monika E Dolega
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Department of Microenvironment, Cell Plasticity and Signaling, University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, 38000 Grenoble, France.
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Jones MR, Chong L, Bellusci S. Fgf10/Fgfr2b Signaling Orchestrates the Symphony of Molecular, Cellular, and Physical Processes Required for Harmonious Airway Branching Morphogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:620667. [PMID: 33511132 PMCID: PMC7835514 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.620667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway branching morphogenesis depends on the intricate orchestration of numerous biological and physical factors connected across different spatial scales. One of the key regulatory pathways controlling airway branching is fibroblast growth factor 10 (Fgf10) signaling via its epithelial fibroblast growth factor receptor 2b (Fgfr2b). Fine reviews have been published on the molecular mechanisms, in general, involved in branching morphogenesis, including those mechanisms, in particular, connected to Fgf10/Fgfr2b signaling. However, a comprehensive review looking at all the major biological and physical factors involved in branching, at the different scales at which branching operates, and the known role of Fgf10/Fgfr2b therein, is missing. In the current review, we attempt to summarize the existing literature on airway branching morphogenesis by taking a broad approach. We focus on the biophysical and mechanical forces directly shaping epithelial bud initiation, branch elongation, and branch tip bifurcation. We then shift focus to more passive means by which branching proceeds, via extracellular matrix remodeling and the influence of the other pulmonary arborized networks: the vasculature and nerves. We end the review by briefly discussing work in computational modeling of airway branching. Throughout, we emphasize the known or speculative effects of Fgfr2b signaling at each point of discussion. It is our aim to promote an understanding of branching morphogenesis that captures the multi-scalar biological and physical nature of the phenomenon, and the interdisciplinary approach to its study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Jones
- Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute and Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Lei Chong
- National Key Clinical Specialty of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Discipline of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Institute of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute and Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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4
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Anthracopoulos MB, Everard ML. Asthma: A Loss of Post-natal Homeostatic Control of Airways Smooth Muscle With Regression Toward a Pre-natal State. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:95. [PMID: 32373557 PMCID: PMC7176812 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The defining feature of asthma is loss of normal post-natal homeostatic control of airways smooth muscle (ASM). This is the key feature that distinguishes asthma from all other forms of respiratory disease. Failure to focus on impaired ASM homeostasis largely explains our failure to find a cure and contributes to the widespread excessive morbidity associated with the condition despite the presence of effective therapies. The mechanisms responsible for destabilizing the normal tight control of ASM and hence airways caliber in post-natal life are unknown but it is clear that atopic inflammation is neither necessary nor sufficient. Loss of homeostasis results in excessive ASM contraction which, in those with poor control, is manifest by variations in airflow resistance over short periods of time. During viral exacerbations, the ability to respond to bronchodilators is partially or almost completely lost, resulting in ASM being "locked down" in a contracted state. Corticosteroids appear to restore normal or near normal homeostasis in those with poor control and restore bronchodilator responsiveness during exacerbations. The mechanism of action of corticosteroids is unknown and the assumption that their action is solely due to "anti-inflammatory" effects needs to be challenged. ASM, in evolutionary terms, dates to the earliest land dwelling creatures that required muscle to empty primitive lungs. ASM appears very early in embryonic development and active peristalsis is essential for the formation of the lungs. However, in post-natal life its only role appears to be to maintain airways in a configuration that minimizes resistance to airflow and dead space. In health, significant constriction is actively prevented, presumably through classic negative feedback loops. Disruption of this robust homeostatic control can develop at any age and results in asthma. In order to develop a cure, we need to move from our current focus on immunology and inflammatory pathways to work that will lead to an understanding of the mechanisms that contribute to ASM stability in health and how this is disrupted to cause asthma. This requires a radical change in the focus of most of "asthma research."
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark L. Everard
- Division of Paediatrics & Child Health, Perth Children's Hospital, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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5
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Wang M, Hinton JP, Gard JMC, Garcia JGN, Knudsen BS, Nagle RB, Cress AE. Integrin α6β4E variant is associated with actin and CD9 structures and modifies the biophysical properties of cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 30:838-850. [PMID: 30865564 PMCID: PMC6589785 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-10-0652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin α6β4 is an essential, dynamic adhesion receptor for laminin 332 found on epithelial cells, required for formation of strong cell–extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion and induced migration, and coordinated by regions of the β4C cytoplasmic domain. β4E, a unique splice variant of β4 expressed in normal tissue, contains a cytoplasmic domain of 231 amino acids with a unique sequence of 114 amino acids instead of β4C’s canonical 1089 amino acids. We determined the distribution of α6β4E within normal human glandular epithelium and its regulation and effect on cellular biophysical properties. Canonical α6β4C expressed in all basal cells, as expected, while α6β4E expressed within a subset of luminal cells. α6β4E expression was induced by three-dimensional culture conditions, activated Src, was reversible, and was stabilized by bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor. α6β4C expressed in all cells during induced migration, whereas α6β4E was restricted to a subset of cells with increased kinetics of cell–cell and cell–ECM resistance properties. Interestingly, α6β4E presented in “ringlike” patterns measuring ∼1.75 × 0.72 microns and containing actin and CD9 at cell–ECM locations. In contrast, α6β4C expressed only within hemidesmosome-like structures containing BP180. Integrin α6β4E is an inducible adhesion isoform in normal epithelial cells that can alter biophysical properties of cell–cell and cell–ECM interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdie Wang
- Cancer Biology Research Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
| | - James P Hinton
- Cancer Biology Research Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
| | - Jaime M C Gard
- Cancer Biology Research Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
| | - Joe G N Garcia
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
| | - Beatrice S Knudsen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Raymond B Nagle
- Department of Pathology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
| | - Anne E Cress
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724.,University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
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Gómez-Gálvez P, Vicente-Munuera P, Tagua A, Forja C, Castro AM, Letrán M, Valencia-Expósito A, Grima C, Bermúdez-Gallardo M, Serrano-Pérez-Higueras Ó, Cavodeassi F, Sotillos S, Martín-Bermudo MD, Márquez A, Buceta J, Escudero LM. Scutoids are a geometrical solution to three-dimensional packing of epithelia. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2960. [PMID: 30054479 PMCID: PMC6063940 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05376-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As animals develop, tissue bending contributes to shape the organs into complex three-dimensional structures. However, the architecture and packing of curved epithelia remains largely unknown. Here we show by means of mathematical modelling that cells in bent epithelia can undergo intercalations along the apico-basal axis. This phenomenon forces cells to have different neighbours in their basal and apical surfaces. As a consequence, epithelial cells adopt a novel shape that we term "scutoid". The detailed analysis of diverse tissues confirms that generation of apico-basal intercalations between cells is a common feature during morphogenesis. Using biophysical arguments, we propose that scutoids make possible the minimization of the tissue energy and stabilize three-dimensional packing. Hence, we conclude that scutoids are one of nature's solutions to achieve epithelial bending. Our findings pave the way to understand the three-dimensional organization of epithelial organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Gómez-Gálvez
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad de Sevilla and Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Pablo Vicente-Munuera
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad de Sevilla and Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio Tagua
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad de Sevilla and Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Cristina Forja
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad de Sevilla and Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Ana M Castro
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad de Sevilla and Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Marta Letrán
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad de Sevilla and Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Clara Grima
- Departamento de Matemática Aplicada I, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Marina Bermúdez-Gallardo
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad de Sevilla and Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Óscar Serrano-Pérez-Higueras
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad de Sevilla and Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Florencia Cavodeassi
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa and CIBER de Enfermedades Raras. C/ Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- St. George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, SW17 0RE, London, UK
| | - Sol Sotillos
- CABD, CSIC/JA/UPO, Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Alberto Márquez
- Departamento de Matemática Aplicada I, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Javier Buceta
- Bioengineering Department, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18018, USA.
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18018, USA.
| | - Luis M Escudero
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad de Sevilla and Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013, Seville, Spain.
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7
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Spatial and temporal changes in extracellular elastin and laminin distribution during lung alveolar development. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8334. [PMID: 29844468 PMCID: PMC5974327 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26673-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung alveolarization requires precise coordination of cell growth with extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis and deposition. The role of extracellular matrices in alveogenesis is not fully understood, because prior knowledge is largely extrapolated from two-dimensional structural analysis. Herein, we studied temporospatial changes of two important ECM proteins, laminin and elastin that are tightly associated with alveolar capillary growth and lung elastic recoil respectively, during both mouse and human lung alveolarization. By combining protein immunofluorescence staining with two- and three-dimensional imaging, we found that the laminin network was simplified along with the thinning of septal walls during alveogenesis, and more tightly associated with alveolar endothelial cells in matured lung. In contrast, elastin fibers were initially localized to the saccular openings of nascent alveoli, forming a ring-like structure. Then, throughout alveolar growth, the number of such alveolar mouth ring-like structures increased, while the relative ring size decreased. These rings were interconnected via additional elastin fibers. The apparent patches and dots of elastin at the tips of alveolar septae found in two-dimensional images were cross sections of elastin ring fibers in the three-dimension. Thus, the previous concept that deposition of elastin at alveolar tips drives septal inward growth may potentially be conceptually challenged by our data.
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8
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George UZ, Lubkin SR. Tissue geometry may govern lung branching mode selection. J Theor Biol 2018; 442:22-30. [PMID: 29330055 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2017.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Lung branching morphogenesis proceeds in three stereotyped modes (domain, planar, and orthogonal branching). Much is known about the molecular players, including growth factors such as fibroblast growth factor 10 but it is unknown how these signals could actuate the different branching patterns. With the aim of identifying mechanisms that may determine the different branching modes, we developed a computational model of the epithelial lung bud and its surrounding mesenchyme. We studied transport of morphogens and localization of morphogen flux at lobe surfaces and lobe edges. We find that a single simple mechanism is theoretically capable of directing an epithelial tubule to elongate, bend, flatten, or bifurcate, depending solely on geometric ratios of the tissues in the vicinity of a growing tubule tip. Furthermore, the same simple mechanism is capable of generating orthogonal or planar branching, depending only on the same geometric ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uduak Z George
- College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Sharon R Lubkin
- Department of Mathematics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8205, USA.
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Madzvamuse A, Lubkin SR. A note on how to develop interdisciplinary collaborations between experimentalists and theoreticians. Interface Focus 2016. [DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2016.0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anotida Madzvamuse
- Department of Mathematics, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, UK
| | - Sharon R. Lubkin
- Department of Mathematics, College of Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8205, USA
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Saksena R, Gao C, Wicox M, de Mel A. Tubular organ epithelialisation. J Tissue Eng 2016; 7:2041731416683950. [PMID: 28228931 PMCID: PMC5308438 DOI: 10.1177/2041731416683950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hollow, tubular organs including oesophagus, trachea, stomach, intestine, bladder and urethra may require repair or replacement due to disease. Current treatment is considered an unmet clinical need, and tissue engineering strategies aim to overcome these by fabricating synthetic constructs as tissue replacements. Smart, functionalised synthetic materials can act as a scaffold base of an organ and multiple cell types, including stem cells can be used to repopulate these scaffolds to replace or repair the damaged or diseased organs. Epithelial cells have not yet completely shown to have efficacious cell-scaffold interactions or good functionality in artificial organs, thus limiting the success of tissue-engineered grafts. Epithelial cells play an essential part of respective organs to maintain their function. Without successful epithelialisation, hollow organs are liable to stenosis, collapse, extensive fibrosis and infection that limit patency. It is clear that the source of cells and physicochemical properties of scaffolds determine the successful epithelialisation. This article presents a review of tissue engineering studies on oesophagus, trachea, stomach, small intestine, bladder and urethral constructs conducted to actualise epithelialised grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhea Saksena
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Chuanyu Gao
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mathew Wicox
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Achala de Mel
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
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