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Best RJ, Sotnikov A, Schmidt H, Zlotnikov I. Elastic constants of biogenic calcium carbonate. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 155:106570. [PMID: 38762971 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Living organisms form complex mineralized composite architectures that perform a variety of essential functions. These materials are commonly utilized for load-bearing purposes such as structural stability and mechanical strength in combination with high toughness and deformability, which are well demonstrated in various highly mineralized molluscan shell ultrastructures. Here, the mineral components provide the general stiffness to the composites, and the organic interfaces play a key role in providing these biogenic architectures with mechanical superiority. Although numerous studies employed state-of-the-art methods to measure and/or model and/or simulate the mechanical behavior of molluscan shells, our understanding of their performance is limited. This is partially due to the lack of the most fundamental knowledge of their mechanical characteristics, particularly, the anisotropic elastic properties of the mineral components and of the tissues they form. In fact, elastic constants of biogenic calcium carbonate, one of the most common biominerals in nature, is unknown for any organism. In this work, we employ the ultrasonic pulse-echo method to report the elasticity tensor of two common ultrastructural motifs in molluscan shells: the prismatic and the nacreous architectures made of biogenic calcite and aragonite, respectively. The outcome of this research not only provides information necessary for fundamental understanding of biological materials formation and performance, but also yields textbook knowledge on biogenic calcium carbonate required for future structural/crystallographic, theoretical and computational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Johannes Best
- B CUBE - Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andrei Sotnikov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hagen Schmidt
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Igor Zlotnikov
- B CUBE - Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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2
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Yamaguchi M, Nakamura Y, Watanabe H, Kimoto K, Oaki Y, Shimode S, Imai H. A biogenic geodesic dome of the silica skeleton in Phaeodaria. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13481. [PMID: 38866850 PMCID: PMC11169525 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64227-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Unique architectures of microbial skeletons are viewed as a model for the architectural design of artificial structural materials. In particular, the specific geometric arrangement of a spherical skeleton 0.5-1.5 mm in diameter of shell-bearing protists, Phaeodaria (Aulosphaera sp.), is remarkably interesting because of its similarity to a geodesic polyhedron, which is a hollow framework with 6-branched nodes that requires minimal building material for maximal strength. A phaeodarian skeleton composed of silica rods 5-10 µm in diameter was characterized as a distorted dome that is based on an icosahedron sectioned with a 7-frequency subdivision. The major difference of the biogenic architecture from the ideal geodesic dome is the coexistence of 7- and 5-branched nodes with the distortion of the frames and the presence of radial spines. From a microscopic perspective, the frames and radial spines were revealed to be hollow tubes having inner fibers and lamellar walls consisting of silica nanoparticles 4-8 nm in diameter with interlayer organic matter. The high degradability of the silica skeleton in seawater after cell mortality is ascribed to the specific nanometric composite structure. The biological architectonics sheds light on the production of environmentally friendly, lightweight structural materials and microdevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momoka Yamaguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Yasuhide Nakamura
- Estuary Research Center, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue-shi, Shimane, 690-8504, Japan
| | - Hiroto Watanabe
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Katsunori Kimoto
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Natsushima-cho 2-15, Yokosuka, 237-0061, Japan
| | - Yuya Oaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Shinji Shimode
- Manazuru Marine Center for Environmental Research and Education, Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, 61 Iwa, Manazuru, 259-0202, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Imai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan.
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3
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Mogas-Soldevila L, Duro-Royo J, Lizardo D, Hollyer GG, Settens CM, Cox JM, Overvelde JTB, DiMasi E, Bertoldi K, Weaver JC, Oxman N. Driving macro-scale transformations in three-dimensional-printed biopolymers through controlled induction of molecular anisotropy at the nanoscale. Interface Focus 2024; 14:20230077. [PMID: 39081628 PMCID: PMC11285838 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2023.0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Motivated by the need to harness the properties of renewable and biodegradable polymers for the design and manufacturing of multi-scale structures with complex geometries, we have employed our additive manufacturing platform that leverages molecular self-assembly for the production of metre-scale structures characterized by complex geometries and heterogeneous material composition. As a precursor material, we used chitosan, a chemically modified form of chitin, an abundant and sustainable structural polysaccharide. We demonstrate the ability to control concentration-dependent crystallization as well as the induction of the preferred orientation of the polymer chains through the combination of extrusion-based robotic fabrication and directional toolpathing. Anisotropy is demonstrated and assessed through high-resolution micro-X-ray diffraction in conjunction with finite element simulations. Using this approach, we can leverage controlled and user-defined small-scale propagation of residual stresses to induce large-scale folding of the resulting structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Mogas-Soldevila
- DumoLab Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104, USA
- Mediated Matter Group, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02142, USA
| | - Jorge Duro-Royo
- Mediated Matter Group, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02142, USA
| | - Daniel Lizardo
- Mediated Matter Group, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02142, USA
| | - George G. Hollyer
- DumoLab Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104, USA
| | - Charles M. Settens
- MIT.nano, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139, USA
| | - Jordan M. Cox
- MIT.nano, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139, USA
| | | | - Elaine DiMasi
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA94720, USA
| | - Katia Bertoldi
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138, USA
| | - James C. Weaver
- MIT.nano, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA02215, USA
| | - Neri Oxman
- Mediated Matter Group, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02142, USA
- Oxman, New York, NY10019, USA
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4
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Castro-Claros JD, Yin X, Salas C, Griesshaber E, Hörl S, Checa AG, Schmahl WW. Biomineral crystallographic preferred orientation in Solenogastres molluscs (Aplacophora) is controlled by organic templating. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10309. [PMID: 38705929 PMCID: PMC11070423 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57754-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Aplacophoran molluscs are shell-less and have a worm-like body which is covered by biomineralized sclerites. We investigated sclerite crystallography and the sclerite mosaic of the Solenogastres species Dorymenia sarsii, Anamenia gorgonophila, and Simrothiella margaritacea with electron-backscattered-diffraction (EBSD), laser-confocal-microscopy and FE-SEM imaging. The soft tissue of the molluscs is covered by spicule-shaped, aragonitic sclerites. These are sub-parallel to the soft body of the organism. We find, for all three species, that individual sclerites are untwinned aragonite single crystals. For individual sclerites, aragonite c-axis is parallel to the morphological, long axis of the sclerite. Aragonite a- and b-axes are perpendicular to sclerite aragonite c-axis. For the scleritomes of the investigated species we find different sclerite and aragonite crystal arrangement patterns. For the A. gorgonophila scleritome, sclerite assembly is disordered such that sclerites with their morphological, long axis (always the aragonite c-axis) are pointing in many different directions, being, more or less, tangential to cuticle surface. For D. sarsii, the sclerite axes (equal to aragonite c-axes) show a stronger tendency to parallel arrangement, while for S. margaritacea, sclerite and aragonite organization is strongly structured into sequential rows of orthogonally alternating sclerite directions. The different arrangements are well reflected in the structured orientational distributions of aragonite a-, b-, c-axes across the EBSD-mapped parts of the scleritomes. We discuss that morphological and crystallographic preferred orientation (texture) is not generated by competitive growth selection (the crystals are not in contact), but is determined by templating on organic matter of the sclerite-secreting epithelial cells and associated papillae.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Castro-Claros
- Departamento de Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Universidad de Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - X Yin
- Bruker Beijing Scientific Technology, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Department of Geo- and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig Maximillians University Munich, 80333, Munich, Germany
| | - C Salas
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - E Griesshaber
- Department of Geo- and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig Maximillians University Munich, 80333, Munich, Germany.
| | - S Hörl
- Department of Geo- and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig Maximillians University Munich, 80333, Munich, Germany
| | - A G Checa
- Departamento de Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Universidad de Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
- Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de La Tierra, CSIC-Universidad de Granada, 18100, Armilla, Spain
| | - W W Schmahl
- Department of Geo- and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig Maximillians University Munich, 80333, Munich, Germany
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5
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Gao F, Yang X, Song W. Bioinspired Supramolecular Hydrogel from Design to Applications. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2300753. [PMID: 37599261 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Nature offers a wealth of opportunities to solve scientific and technological issues based on its unique structures and function. The dynamic non-covalent interaction is considered to be the main base of living functions of creatures including humans, animals, and plants. Supramolecular hydrogels formed by non-covalent bonding interactions has become a unique platform for constructing promising materials for medicine, energy, electronic, and biological substitute. In this review, the self-assemble principle of supramolecular hydrogels is summarized. Next, the stimulation of external environment that triggers the assembly or disassembly of supramolecular hydrogels are recapitulated, including temperature, mechanics, light, pH, ions, etc. The main applications of bioinspired supramolecular hydrogels in terms of bionic objects including humans, animals, and plants are also described. Although so many efforts are done for revealing the synergized mechanism of the function and non-covalent interactions on the supramolecular hydrogel, the complexity and variability between stimulus and non-covalent bonding in the supramolecular system still require impeccable theories. As an outlook, the bioinspired supramolecular hydrogel is just beginning to exhibit its great potential in human life, offering significant opportunities in drug delivery and screening, implantable devices and substitutions, tissue engineering, micro-fluidic devices, and biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xuhao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Wenlong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
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6
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Jia S, Tao T, Xie Y, Yu L, Kang X, Zhang Y, Tang W, Gong J. Chirality Supramolecular Systems: Helical Assemblies, Structure Designs, and Functions. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2307874. [PMID: 37890278 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Chirality, as one of the most striking characteristics, exists at various scales in nature. Originating from the interactions of host and guest molecules, supramolecular chirality possesses huge potential in the design of functional materials. Here, an overview of the recent progress in structure designs and functions of chiral supramolecular materials is present. First, three design routes of the chiral supramolecular structure are summarized. Compared with the template-induced and chemical synthesis strategies that depend on accurate molecular identification, the twisted-assembly technique creates chiral materials through the ordered stacking of the nanowire or films. Next, chirality inversion and amplification are reviewed to explain the chirality transfer from the molecular level to the macroscopic scale, where the available external stimuli on the chirality inversion are also given. Lastly, owing to the optical activity and the characteristics of the layer-by-layer stacking structure, the supramolecular chirality materials display various excellent performances, including smart response, shape-memorization, superior mechanical performance, and applications in biomedical fields. To sum up, this work provides a systematic review of the helical assemblies, structure design, and applications of supramolecular chirality systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengzhe Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Tiantian Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yujiang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Liuyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xiang Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Weiwei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Junbo Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, China
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7
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Gránásy L, Rátkai L, Zlotnikov I, Pusztai T. Physical Phenomena Governing Mineral Morphogenesis in Molluscan Nacre. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2304183. [PMID: 37759411 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Mollusks, as well as many other living organisms, have the ability to shape mineral crystals into unconventional morphologies and to assemble them into complex functional mineral-organic structures, an observation that inspired tremendous research efforts in scientific and technological domains. Despite these, a biochemical toolkit that accounts for the formation of the vast variety of the observed mineral morphologies cannot be identified yet. Herein, phase-field modeling of molluscan nacre formation, an intensively studied biomineralization process, is used to identify key physical parameters that govern mineral morphogenesis. Manipulating such parameters, various nacre properties ranging from the morphology of a single mineral building block to that of the entire nacreous assembly are reproduced. The results support the hypothesis that the control over mineral morphogenesis in mineralized tissues happens via regulating the physico-chemical environment, in which biomineralization occurs: the organic content manipulates the geometric and thermodynamic boundary conditions, which in turn, determine the process of growth and the form of the biomineral phase. The approach developed here has the potential of providing explicit guidelines for the morphogenetic control of synthetically formed composite materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Gránásy
- Laboratory of Advanced Structural Studies, Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, P. O. Box 49, Budapest, H-1525, Hungary
- Brunel Centre of Advanced Solidification Technology, Brunel University, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UB8 3PH, UK
| | - László Rátkai
- Laboratory of Advanced Structural Studies, Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, P. O. Box 49, Budapest, H-1525, Hungary
| | - Igor Zlotnikov
- B CUBE-Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tamás Pusztai
- Laboratory of Advanced Structural Studies, Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, P. O. Box 49, Budapest, H-1525, Hungary
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8
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González JA, Vallejo JR. The Use of Shells of Marine Molluscs in Spanish Ethnomedicine: A Historical Approach and Present and Future Perspectives. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1503. [PMID: 37895974 PMCID: PMC10609972 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Since ancient times, the shells of marine molluscs have been used as a therapeutic and/or prophylactic resource. In Spain, they were part of practical guides for doctors or pharmacists until the 19th century. In general, seashells were prepared by dissolving in vinegar and were part of plasters or powders used as toothpaste, or to treat dyspepsia, heartburn and leprosy. Thus, the nacre or mother-of-pearl of various molluscs was regularly used in the Royal Colleges of Surgery and in hospitals during the times of the Cortes of Cadiz, as a medicine in galenic preparations based on powders. In contemporary Spanish ethnomedicine, seashells, with a high symbolic value, have been used as an amulet to prevent cracks in the breasts and promote their development during lactation, to avoid teething pain in young children, to eliminate stains on the face or to cure erysipelas. But, as in other countries, products derived from seashells have also been empirically applied. The two resources used traditionally have been the cuttlebone, the internal shell of cuttlefish and the nacre obtained from the external shells of some species. Cuttlebone, dried and pulverised, has been applied externally to cure corneal leukoma and in dental hygiene. In the case of nacre, a distinction must be made between chemical and physical remedies. Certain seashells, macerated in lemon juice, were used in coastal areas to remove spots on the face during postpartum. However, the most common practice in Spain mainland was to dissolve mother-of-pearl buttons in lemon juice (or vinegar). The substance thus obtained has been used to treat different dermatological conditions of the face (chloasma, acne), as well as to eliminate freckles. For the extraction of foreign bodies in the eyes, a very widespread traditional remedy has been to introduce small mother-of-pearl buttons under the lid. These popular remedies and practices are compared with those collected in classic works of medicine throughout history, and data on the pharmacological activity and pharmaceutical applications of the products used are provided. The use of cuttlebone powders is supported by different works on anti-inflammatory, immune-modulatory and/or wound healing properties. Nacre powder has been used in traditional medicines to treat palpitations, convulsions or epilepsy. As sedation and a tranquilisation agent, nacre is an interesting source for further drug development. Likewise, nacre is a biomaterial for orthopaedic and other tissue bioengineering applications. This article is a historical, cultural and anthropological view that can open new epistemological paths in marine-derived product research.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A. González
- Grupo de Investigación de Recursos Etnobiológicos del Duero-Douro (GRIRED), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca, E-37071 Salamanca, Spain
| | - José Ramón Vallejo
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Biología Celular, Histología, Historia de la Ciencia, Medicina Legal y Forense y Toxicología, Área de Historia de la Ciencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, E-11003 Cádiz, Spain;
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9
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Ackroyd AJ, De Paolis A, Xu YT, Momeni A, Hamad WY, MacLachlan MJ. Self-assembly of cellulose nanocrystals confined to square capillaries. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:14388-14398. [PMID: 37609826 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr02650g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Biological systems exploit restricted degrees of freedom to drive self-assembly of nano- and microarchitectures. Simplified systems, such as colloidal nanoparticles that behave as lyotropic liquid crystalline mesophases in confined geometric spaces, may be used to mimic biological structures. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are colloidally stable nanoparticles that self-assemble into chiral nematic (ChN) liquid crystalline mesophases. To date, the self-assembly of ChN mesophases of CNCs has been studied under confinement conditions within curved surfaces or under drying conditions that impose curvatures that can be exploited to control ChN ordering; however, their self-assembly has not been investigated in geometries with square cross-sections under static conditions. Here, we show that because of surface anchoring on perpendicular surfaces, the ChN CNC phase is unable to bend with the 90° angle of the square capillary under increasing confinement. Instead, the ChN phase forms radial layers in the shape of concentric squircle shells. With increasing layer distance from the capillary wall, the squircles transition into concentric cylinder shells. In larger capillaries, the radial shell layers appear as a continuous spiral pattern that engulfs fragmented ChN pseudolayers, a defect to accommodate the cylindrical confinement of the mesophase. These results are useful for understanding the fundamentals of self-assembling systems and development of new technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Ackroyd
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada.
| | - Adam De Paolis
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada.
| | - Yi-Tao Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada.
| | - Arash Momeni
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada.
| | - Wadood Y Hamad
- Transformation and Interfaces Group, Bioproducts Innovation Centre of Excellence, FPInnovations, 2665 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Mark J MacLachlan
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada.
- Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute, 2355 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
- UBC BioProducts Institute, 2385 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
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10
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Triunfo C, Gärtner S, Marchini C, Fermani S, Maoloni G, Goffredo S, Gomez Morales J, Cölfen H, Falini G. Recovering and Exploiting Aragonite and Calcite Single Crystals with Biologically Controlled Shapes from Mussel Shells. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:43992-43999. [PMID: 36506210 PMCID: PMC9730488 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Control over the shape and morphology of single crystals is a theme of great interest in fundamental science and for technological application. Many synthetic strategies to achieve this goal are inspired by biomineralization processes. Indeed, organisms are able to produce crystals with high fidelity in shape and morphology utilizing macromolecules that act as modifiers. An alternative strategy can be the recovery of crystals from biomineralization products, in this case, seashells. In particular, waste mussel shells from aquaculture are considered. They are mainly built up of single crystals of calcite fibers and aragonite tablets forming an outer and an inner layer, respectively. A simple mechanochemical treatment has been developed to separate and recover these two typologies of single crystals. The characterization of these single crystals showed peculiar properties with respect to the calcium carbonate from quarry or synthesis. We exploited these biomaterials in the water remediation field using them as substrate adsorbing dyes. We found that these substrates show a high capability of adsorption for anionic dye, such as Eosin Y, but a low capability of adsorption for cationic dyes, such as Blue Methylene. The adsorption was reversible at pH 5.6. This application represents just an example of the potential use of these biogenic single crystals. We also envision potential applications as reinforcing fillers and optical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Triunfo
- Department
of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Fano
Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center
for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, Viale Adriatico 1/N, 61032 Fano, Italy
| | - Stefanie Gärtner
- Department
of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, University
of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, Box 714, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Chiara Marchini
- Department
of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Fano
Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center
for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, Viale Adriatico 1/N, 61032 Fano, Italy
| | - Simona Fermani
- Department
of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Interdepartmental
Centre for Industrial Research Health Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 41/E, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Gabriele Maoloni
- Plant
Ascoli Piceno, Finproject S.p.A., Via Enrico Mattei, 1—Zona
Ind.le Campolungo, 3100 Ascoli Piceno, Italy
| | - Stefano Goffredo
- Fano
Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center
for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, Viale Adriatico 1/N, 61032 Fano, Italy
- Department
of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Jaime Gomez Morales
- Laboratorio
de Estudios Cristalográficos, Instituto
Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (CSIC-UGR), Avda. Las Palmeras, No 4, 18100 Armilla (Granada), Spain
| | - Helmut Cölfen
- Department
of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, University
of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, Box 714, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Falini
- Department
of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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11
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Potential Cosmetic Active Ingredients Derived from Marine By-Products. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20120734. [PMID: 36547881 PMCID: PMC9787341 DOI: 10.3390/md20120734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The market demand for marine-based cosmetics has shown a tremendous growth rate in the last decade. Marine resources represent a promising source of novel bioactive compounds for new cosmetic ingredient development. However, concern about sustainability also becomes an issue that should be considered in developing cosmetic ingredients. The fisheries industry (e.g., fishing, farming, and processing) generates large amounts of leftovers containing valuable substances, which are potent sources of cosmeceutical ingredients. Several bioactive substances could be extracted from the marine by-product that can be utilized as a potent ingredient to develop cosmetics products. Those bioactive substances (e.g., collagen from fish waste and chitin from crustacean waste) could be utilized as anti-photoaging, anti-wrinkle, skin barrier, and hair care products. From this perspective, this review aims to approach the potential active ingredients derived from marine by-products for cosmetics and discuss the possible activity of those active ingredients in promoting human beauty. In addition, this review also covers the prospect and challenge of using marine by-products toward the emerging concept of sustainable blue cosmetics.
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12
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de Muizon CJ, Iandolo D, Nguyen DK, Al-Mourabit A, Rousseau M. Organic Matrix and Secondary Metabolites in Nacre. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 24:831-842. [PMID: 36057751 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-022-10145-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nacre, also called mother-of-pearl, is a naturally occurring biomineral, largely studied by chemists, structural biologists, and physicists to understand its outstanding and diverse properties. Nacre is constituted of aragonite nanograins surrounded by organic matrix, and it has been established that the organic matrix is responsible for initiating and guiding the biomineralization process. The first challenge to study the organic matrix of nacre lays in its separation from the biomineral. Several extraction methods have been developed so far. They are categorized as either strong (e.g., decalcification) or soft (e.g., water, ethanol) and they allow specific extractions of targeted compounds. The structure of the nacreous organic matrix is complex, and it provides interesting clues to describe the mineralization process. Proteins, sugars, lipids, peptides, and other molecules have been identified and their role in mineralization investigated. Moreover, the organic matrix of nacre has shown interesting properties for human health. Several studies are investigating its activity on bone mineralization and its properties for skin care. In this review, we focus on the organic constituents, as lipids, sugars, and small metabolites which are less studied since present in small quantities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Capucine Jourdain de Muizon
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- STANSEA, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Donata Iandolo
- UMR5510 MATEIS, CNRS, University of Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Lyon, France
- U1059 INSERM - SAINBIOSE (SAnté INgéniérie BIOlogie St-Etienne) Campus Santé Innovation, Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Priest-en-Jarez, France
| | - Dung Kim Nguyen
- U1059 INSERM - SAINBIOSE (SAnté INgéniérie BIOlogie St-Etienne) Campus Santé Innovation, Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Priest-en-Jarez, France
| | - Ali Al-Mourabit
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marthe Rousseau
- UMR5510 MATEIS, CNRS, University of Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Lyon, France.
- U1059 INSERM - SAINBIOSE (SAnté INgéniérie BIOlogie St-Etienne) Campus Santé Innovation, Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Priest-en-Jarez, France.
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13
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Mao LB, Meng YF, Meng XS, Yang B, Yang YL, Lu YJ, Yang ZY, Shang LM, Yu SH. Matrix-Directed Mineralization for Bulk Structural Materials. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:18175-18194. [PMID: 36162119 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mineral-based bulk structural materials (MBSMs) are known for their long history and extensive range of usage. The inherent brittleness of minerals poses a major problem to the performance of MBSMs. To overcome this problem, design principles have been extracted from natural biominerals, in which the extraordinary mechanical performance is achieved via the hierarchical organization of minerals and organics. Nevertheless, precise and efficient fabrication of MBSMs with bioinspired hierarchical structures under mild conditions has long been a big challenge. This Perspective provides a panoramic view of an emerging fabrication strategy, matrix-directed mineralization, which imitates the in vivo growth of some biominerals. The advantages of the strategy are revealed by comparatively analyzing the conventional fabrication techniques of artificial hierarchically structured MBSMs and the biomineral growth processes. By introducing recent advances, we demonstrate that this strategy can be used to fabricate artificial MBSMs with hierarchical structures. Particular attention is paid to the mass transport and the precursors that are involved in the mineralization process. We hope this Perspective can provide some inspiring viewpoints on the importance of biomimetic mineralization in material fabrication and thereby spur the biomimetic fabrication of high-performance MBSMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Bo Mao
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale; Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.,Institute of Advanced Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.,Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yu-Feng Meng
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale; Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiang-Sen Meng
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale; Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale; Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yu-Lu Yang
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale; Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yu-Jie Lu
- Institute of Advanced Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhong-Yuan Yang
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale; Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Li-Mei Shang
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale; Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Shu-Hong Yu
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale; Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.,Institute of Advanced Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.,Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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14
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Sato K, Setiamarga DHE, Yonemitsu H, Higuchi K. Microstructural and Genetic Insights Into the Formation of the “Winter Diffusion Layer” in Japanese Pearl Oyster Pinctada fucata and Its Relation to Environmental Temperature Changes. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.794287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity in molluscan shell microstructures may be related to environmental changes. The “winter diffusion layer,” a shell microstructure of the Japanese pearl oyster Pinctada fucata, is an example of this phenomenon. In this study, we used P. fucata specimens with shared genetic background to evaluate the seasonal plasticity of shell microstructures, at molecular level. To detect the seasonal changes in shell microstructure and mineral composition, shells of multiple individuals were periodically collected and analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectrophotometry. Our observations of the winter diffusion layer revealed that this irregular shell layer, located between the outer and middle shell layers, had a sphenoid shape in radial section. This distinct shape might be caused by the internal extension of the outer shell layer resulting from growth halts. The winter diffusion layer could be distinguished from the calcitic outer shell layer by its aragonitic components and microstructures. Moreover, the components of the winter diffusion layer were irregular simple prismatic (the outer and inner sublayers) and homogeneous structures (the middle sublayer). This irregular formation occurred until April, when the animals resumed their “normal” shell formation after hibernation. To check for a correlation between gene expression and the changes in microstructures, we conducted qPCR of seven major biomineralization-related shell matrix protein-coding genes (aspein, prismalin-14, msi7, msi60, nacrein, n16, and n19) in the shell-forming mantle tissue. Tissue samples were collected from the mantle edge (tissue secreting the outer shell layer) and mantle pallium (where the middle shell layer is constructed) of the same individuals used for microstructural observation and mineral identification that were collected in January (winter growth break period), April (irregular shell formation period), and August (normal shell formation period). Statistically significant differences in gene expression levels were observed between mantle edge and mantle pallium, but no seasonal differences were detected in the seasonal expression patterns of these genes. These results suggest that the formation of the irregular shell layer in P. fucata is caused by a currently unknown genetic mechanism unrelated to the genes targeted in the present study. Further studies using big data (transcriptomics and manipulation of gene expression) are required to answer the questions herein raised. Nevertheless, the results herein presented are essential to unravel the intriguing mystery of the formation of the winter diffusion layer, which may allow us to understand how marine mollusks adapt or acclimate to climate changes.
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15
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Fujimaki R, Suzuki N, Kimoto K, Nagai Y, Oaki Y, Shimode S, Toyofuku T, Imai H. Micro- and nanometric characterization of the celestite skeleton of acantharian species (Radiolaria, Rhizaria). Sci Rep 2022; 12:2848. [PMID: 35181716 PMCID: PMC8857179 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06974-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We clarified the specific micrometric arrangement and nanometric structure of the radiolarian crystalline spines that are not a simple single crystal. A body of the celestite (SrSO4) skeleton of acantharian Acanthometra cf. multispina (Acanthometridae) composed of 20 radial spines having four blades was characterized using microfocus X-ray computed tomography. The regular arrangement of three types of spines was clarified with the connection of the blades around the root of each spine. The surface of the spines was covered with a chitin-based organic membrane to prevent from dissolution in seawater. In the nanometric scale, the mesocrystalline structure that consists of nanoscale grains having distorted single-crystal nature was revealed using scanning- and transmission electron microscopies, electron diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy. The acantharian skeletons have a crystallographically controlled architecture that is covered with a protective organic membrane. These facts are important for penetrating the nature of biogenic minerals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Fujimaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Noritoshi Suzuki
- Department of Earth Science, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Katsunori Kimoto
- Research Institute for Global Chang (RIGC), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Natsushima-cho 2-15, Yokosuka, 237-0061, Japan
| | - Yukiko Nagai
- X-Star, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Natsushima-cho 2-15, Yokosuka, 237-0061, Japan
| | - Yuya Oaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Shinji Shimode
- Manazuru Marine Center for Environmental Research and Education, Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, 61 Iwa, Manazuru, 259-0202, Japan
| | - Takashi Toyofuku
- X-Star, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Natsushima-cho 2-15, Yokosuka, 237-0061, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Imai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan.
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16
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Maciá E. Aperiodic crystals in biology. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:123001. [PMID: 34920447 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac443d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biological systems display a broad palette of hierarchically ordered designs spanning over many orders of magnitude in size. Remarkably enough, periodic order, which profusely shows up in non-living ordered compounds, plays a quite subsidiary role in most biological structures, which can be appropriately described in terms of the more general aperiodic crystal notion instead. In this topical review I shall illustrate this issue by considering several representative examples, including botanical phyllotaxis, the geometry of cell patterns in tissues, the morphology of sea urchins, or the symmetry principles underlying virus architectures. In doing so, we will realize that albeit the currently adopted quasicrystal notion is not general enough to properly account for the rich structural features one usually finds in biological arrangements of matter, several mathematical tools and fundamental notions belonging to the aperiodic crystals science toolkit can provide a useful modeling framework to this end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Maciá
- Dpto. Física de Materiales, Facultad CC. Fisicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040, Spain
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17
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Fujimaki R, Oaki Y, Imai H. Nonclassical Pathway to Biomimetic Strained SrSO 4 Crystals. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce00379a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Biomimetic strained SrSO4 crystals were produced through a nonclassical pathway involving fiber-by-fiber accumulation with poly(acrylic acid) in an aqueous solution system. Polymer-stabilized fibrous hydrate crystals 20–40 nm wide and several...
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18
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Izumida K, Takasaki M, Fujimaki R, Nagai Y, Oaki Y, Naito K, Tanaka Y, Shimode S, Toyofuku T, Imai H. Characterization of calcite spines of planktonic foraminifers (Globigerinidae). CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce00110a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Spines projecting from a trochospiral test of a spinose planktonic foraminifer are a single-crystal-like calcite that has a nanogranular texture containing microstrain and an organic envelope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Izumida
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Mihiro Takasaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Rina Fujimaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Yukiko Nagai
- National Museum of Nature and Science, 7-20 Uenokoen, Taito-ku, Tokyo 110-8718, Japan
- X-star, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Natsushima-cho 2-15, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan
| | - Yuya Oaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Kimiyoshi Naito
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Tanaka
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan
| | - Shinji Shimode
- Manazuru Marine Center for Environmental Research and Education, Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, 61 Iwa, Manazuru 259-0202, Japan
| | - Takashi Toyofuku
- X-star, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Natsushima-cho 2-15, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Imai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
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19
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Checa AG, Linares F, Grenier C, Griesshaber E, Rodríguez-Navarro AB, Schmahl WW. The argonaut constructs its shell via physical self-organization and coordinated cell sensorial activity. iScience 2021; 24:103288. [PMID: 34765916 PMCID: PMC8571729 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The shell of the cephalopod Argonauta consists of two layers of fibers that elongate perpendicular to the shell surfaces. Fibers have a high-Mg calcitic core sheathed by thin organic membranes (>100 nm) and configurate a polygonal network in cross section. Their evolution has been studied by serial sectioning with electron microscopy-associated techniques. During growth, fibers with small cross-sectional areas shrink, whereas those with large sections widen. It is proposed that fibers evolve as an emulsion between the fluid precursors of both the mineral and organic phases. When polygons reach big cross-sectional areas, they become subdivided by new membranes. To explain both the continuation of the pattern and the subdivision process, the living cells from the mineralizing tissue must perform contact recognition of the previously formed pattern and subsequent secretion at sub-micron scale. Accordingly, the fabrication of the argonaut shell proceeds by physical self-organization together with direct cellular activity. The shell consists of a polygonal organic pattern that evolves as a physical system An emulsion model accounts for the configuration of the pattern Mean polygon size and number is kept by the additional splitting of large polygons Cell sensitivity explains the propagation of the pattern and polygon splitting
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio G Checa
- Departamento de Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.,Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra, CSIC-Universidad de Granada, 18100 Armilla, Spain
| | - Fátima Linares
- Centro de Instrumentación Científica, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Christian Grenier
- Departamento de Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Erika Griesshaber
- Department für Geo- und Umweltwissenschaften, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80333 München, Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang W Schmahl
- Department für Geo- und Umweltwissenschaften, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80333 München, Germany
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20
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Huang Y, Xie H, Fang W, Zou Z, Fu Z. Silk fibroin directs the formation of monetite nanocrystals and their assembly into hierarchical composites. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:9136-9141. [PMID: 34693962 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01821c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Natural biominerals are usually composite materials produced through mineralization of inorganic crystals within an organic matrix. Silk fibroin is known to be capable of directing the nucleation and growth of hydroxyapatite crystals. Here, we used silk films as the substrate to induce the mineralization of calcium phosphate. We show that the silk fibroin in solution could induce the formation of monetite crystals with a hierarchical structure, which are assembled by well aligned single crystals of monetite. In addition, we show that silk fibroins are incorporated inside the crystals. Therefore, the self-assembly of silk fibroin during the crystallization process is critical for the formation of such hierarchical structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Hao Xie
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Weijian Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Zhaoyong Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Zhengyi Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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21
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Abstract
A pearl's distinguished beauty and toughness are attributable to the periodic stacking of aragonite tablets known as nacre. Nacre has naturally occurring mesoscale periodicity that remarkably arises in the absence of discrete translational symmetry. Gleaning the inspiring biomineral design of a pearl requires quantifying its structural coherence and understanding the stochastic processes that influence formation. By characterizing the entire structure of pearls (∼3 mm) in a cross-section at high resolution, we show that nacre has medium-range mesoscale periodicity. Self-correcting growth mechanisms actively remedy disorder and topological defects of the tablets and act as a countervailing process to long-range disorder. Nacre has a correlation length of roughly 16 tablets (∼5.5 µm) despite persistent fluctuations and topological defects. For longer distances (>25 tablets , ∼8.5 µm), the frequency spectrum of nacre tablets follows [Formula: see text] behavior, suggesting that growth is coupled to external stochastic processes-a universality found across disparate natural phenomena, which now includes pearls.
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22
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Schoeppler V, Stier D, Best RJ, Song C, Turner J, Savitzky BH, Ophus C, Marcus MA, Zhao S, Bustillo K, Zlotnikov I. Crystallization by Amorphous Particle Attachment: On the Evolution of Texture. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2101358. [PMID: 34337782 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202101358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Crystallization by particle attachment (CPA) is a gradual process where each step has its own thermodynamic and kinetic constrains defining a unique pathway of crystal growth. An important example is biomineralization of calcium carbonate through amorphous precursors that are morphed into shapes and textural patterns that cannot be envisioned by the classical monomer-by-monomer approach. Here, a mechanistic link between the collective kinetics of mineral deposition and the emergence of crystallographic texture is established. Using the prismatic ultrastructure in bivalve shells as a model, a fundamental leap is made in the ability to analytically describe the evolution of form and texture of biological mineralized tissues and to design the structure and crystallographic properties of synthetic materials formed by CPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Schoeppler
- B CUBE - Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Deborah Stier
- B CUBE - Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Richard J Best
- B CUBE - Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Chengyu Song
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - John Turner
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Benjamin H Savitzky
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Colin Ophus
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Matthew A Marcus
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Shiteng Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Karen Bustillo
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Igor Zlotnikov
- B CUBE - Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
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23
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Gránásy L, Rátkai L, Tóth GI, Gilbert PUPA, Zlotnikov I, Pusztai T. Phase-Field Modeling of Biomineralization in Mollusks and Corals: Microstructure vs Formation Mechanism. JACS AU 2021; 1:1014-1033. [PMID: 34337606 PMCID: PMC8317440 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
While biological crystallization processes have been studied on the microscale extensively, there is a general lack of models addressing the mesoscale aspects of such phenomena. In this work, we investigate whether the phase-field theory developed in materials' science for describing complex polycrystalline structures on the mesoscale can be meaningfully adapted to model crystallization in biological systems. We demonstrate the abilities of the phase-field technique by modeling a range of microstructures observed in mollusk shells and coral skeletons, including granular, prismatic, sheet/columnar nacre, and sprinkled spherulitic structures. We also compare two possible micromechanisms of calcification: the classical route, via ion-by-ion addition from a fluid state, and a nonclassical route, crystallization of an amorphous precursor deposited at the solidification front. We show that with an appropriate choice of the model parameters, microstructures similar to those found in biomineralized systems can be obtained along both routes, though the time-scale of the nonclassical route appears to be more realistic. The resemblance of the simulated and natural biominerals suggests that, underneath the immense biological complexity observed in living organisms, the underlying design principles for biological structures may be understood with simple math and simulated by phase-field theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Gránásy
- Laboratory
of Advanced Structural Studies, Institute for Solid State Physics
and Optics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, P.O. Box 49, H−1525 Budapest, Hungary
- Brunel
Centre of Advanced Solidification Technology, Brunel University, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, U.K.
| | - László Rátkai
- Laboratory
of Advanced Structural Studies, Institute for Solid State Physics
and Optics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, P.O. Box 49, H−1525 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gyula I. Tóth
- Department
of Mathematical Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, U.K.
| | - Pupa U. P. A. Gilbert
- Departments
of Physics, Chemistry, Geoscience, Materials Science, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Lawrence
Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Igor Zlotnikov
- B
CUBE−Center
for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische
Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Tamás Pusztai
- Laboratory
of Advanced Structural Studies, Institute for Solid State Physics
and Optics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, P.O. Box 49, H−1525 Budapest, Hungary
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24
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Environmental and diagenetic controls on the morphology and calcification of the Ediacaran metazoan Cloudina. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12341. [PMID: 34117286 PMCID: PMC8195988 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90768-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cloudina is a globally distributed Ediacaran metazoan, with a tubular, funnel-in-funnel form built of thin laminae (ca. 1–10 μm). To what degree local environmental controlled morphology, and whether early diagenesis controlled the degree of calcification of Cloudina, is debated. Here we test these hypotheses by considering assemblages from four, coeval localities from the Upper Omkyk Member, Nama Group, Namibia, from inner ramp to mid-ramp reef across the Zaris Subbasin. We show that sinuosity of the Cloudina tube is variable between sites, as is the relative thickness of the tube wall, suggesting these features were environmentally controlled. Walls are thickest in high-energy reef settings, and thinnest in the low-energy, inner ramp. While local diagenesis controls preservation, all diagenetic expressions are consistent with the presence of weakly calcified, organic-rich laminae, and lamina thicknesses are broadly constant. Finally, internal ‘cements’ within Cloudina are found in all sites, and pre-date skeletal breakage, transport, as well as syn-sedimentary botryoidal cement precipitation. Best preservation shows these to be formed by fine, pseudomorphed aragonitic acicular crystals. Sr concentrations and Mg/Ca show no statistically significant differences between internal Cloudina cements and botryoidal cements, but we infer all internal cements to have precipitated when Cloudina was still in-situ and added considerable mechanical strength, but may have formed post-mortem or in abandoned parts of the skeleton.
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25
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Deng Z, Li L. Intrinsic Mechanical Properties of Individual Biogenic Mineral Units in Biomineralized Skeletons. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhifei Deng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute of Technology and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute of Technology and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
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26
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Almagro I, Cartwright JH, Checa AG, Macías-Sánchez E, Sainz-Díaz CI. Evidence for a liquid-crystal precursor involved in the formation of the crossed-lamellar microstructure of the mollusc shell. Acta Biomater 2021; 120:12-19. [PMID: 32565371 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Many biological structures use liquid crystals as self-organizing templates for their formation. We review and analyse evidence that the crossed-lamellar biomineral microstructure of mollusc shells may be formed from such a liquid-crystal precursor. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Many biological structures use liquid crystals as self-organizing templates for their formation. We review and analyse evidence that the crossed-lamellar biomineral microstructure of mollusc shells may be formed from such a liquid-crystal precursor.
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27
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Checa AG, Linares F, Maldonado-Valderrama J, Harper EM. Foamy oysters: vesicular microstructure production in the Gryphaeidae via emulsification. J R Soc Interface 2020; 17:20200505. [PMID: 32993433 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2020.0505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The vesicular microstructure is a very distinctive arrangement of calcite, consisting of hollow cavities (vesicles) of diverse sizes and shapes, usually elongated in the direction of shell thickening. It is uniquely found among living bivalves in a single oyster family, Gryphaeidae. The vesicles are distributed in lenses interleaved with compact foliated layers. We have studied the morphology and distribution of vesicles within the lenses using optical and electron microscopy, and micro-computed tomography. At a small scale, vesicles do not follow a classical von Neumann-Mullins route typical of ideal foams. At a larger scale, the initiation and evolution of a vesicular layer statistically proceed like a foam, with vesicles becoming more numerous, larger and more even in size. In summary, the vesicular material follows a foam-like coarsening to reduce the number of energetically costly interfaces. However, a steady state is never reached because the animal permanently introduces energy in the system by creating new vesicles. The fabrication of the vesicular material is mediated by the production of an emulsion between the extrapallial fluid and the precursor PILP of the calcitic walls within the thin extrapallial space. For this mechanism to proceed, the mantle cells must perform highly sophisticated behaviours of contact recognition and secretion. Accordingly, the vesicular material is under mixed physical-biological control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio G Checa
- Departamento de Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.,Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra, CSIC-Universidad de Granada, 18100 Armilla, Spain
| | - Fátima Linares
- Centro de Instrumentación Científica, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | | | - Elizabeth M Harper
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, UK
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28
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Cartwright JHE, Checa AG, Sainz-Díaz CI. Nacre Is a Liquid-Crystal Thermometer of the Oceans. ACS NANO 2020; 14:9277-9281. [PMID: 32806068 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c05353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nacre, or mother of pearl, is a biomaterial with a layered structure. In a recent geological study, researchers found that the width of the nacre layers depends on the formation temperature, which is determined by the ocean water temperature. A linear dependence of layer width with respect to temperature is understandable within the transient liquid-crystalline nature of incipient nacre. Thus, developing nacre is a liquid-crystal thermometer recording its formation temperature. A more complete understanding of nacre formation is of interest not only for biology and geology, in terms of biomineralization and paleoclimatology, but also for materials science: for reproducing nacre or fabricating synthetic analogues and also potentially for developing new classes of layered materials with layer spacings tunable by pH and temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julyan H E Cartwright
- Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra, CSIC-Universidad de Granada,18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain
- Instituto Carlos I de Física Teórica y Computacional, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio G Checa
- Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra, CSIC-Universidad de Granada,18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain
- Departamento de Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - C Ignacio Sainz-Díaz
- Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra, CSIC-Universidad de Granada,18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain
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29
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Alimohammadzadeh R, Medina L, Deiana L, Berglund LA, Córdova A. Mild and Versatile Functionalization of Nacre-Mimetic Cellulose Nanofibrils/Clay Nanocomposites by Organocatalytic Surface Engineering. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:19363-19370. [PMID: 32803029 PMCID: PMC7424572 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Development of surface-engineering strategies, which are facile, versatile, and mild, are highly desirable in tailor-made functionalization of high-performance bioinspired nanocomposites. We herein disclose for the first time a general organocatalytic strategy for the functionalization and hydrophobization of nacre-mimetic nanocomposites, which includes vide supra key aspects of surface engineering. The merging of metal-free catalysis and the design of nacre-mimetic nanocomposite materials were demonstrated by the organocatalytic surface engineering of cellulose nanofibrils/clay nanocomposites providing the corresponding bioinspired nanocomposites with good mechanical properties, hydrophobicity, and useful thia-, amino, and olefinic functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lilian Medina
- Department
of Fiber and Polymer Technology, Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Luca Deiana
- Department
of Natural Sciences, Mid Sweden University, SE-851 70 Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - Lars A. Berglund
- Department
of Fiber and Polymer Technology, Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Armando Córdova
- Department
of Natural Sciences, Mid Sweden University, SE-851 70 Sundsvall, Sweden
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30
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Abstract
Liquid crystal templating is a versatile technique to create novel organic and inorganic materials with nanoscale features. It exploits the self-assembled architectures of liquid crystal phases as scaffolds. This article focuses on some of the key developments in lyotropic and thermotropic liquid crystals templating. The procedures that were employed to create templated structures and the applications of these novel materials in various fields including mesoporous membranes, organic electronics, the synthesis of nanostructured materials and photonics, are described.
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31
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Marin F. Mollusc shellomes: Past, present and future. J Struct Biol 2020; 212:107583. [PMID: 32721585 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2020.107583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In molluscs, the shell fabrication requires a large array of secreted macromolecules including proteins and polysaccharides. Some of them are occluded in the shell during mineralization process and constitute the shell repertoire. The protein moieties, also called shell proteomes or, more simply, 'shellomes', are nowadays analyzed via high-throughput approaches. These latter, applied so far on about thirty genera, have evidenced the huge diversity of shellomes from model to model. They also pinpoint the recurrent presence of functional domains of diverse natures. Shell proteins are not only involved in guiding the mineral deposition, but also in enzymatic and immunity-related functions, in signaling or in coping with many extracellular molecules such as saccharides. Many shell proteins exhibit low complexity domains, the function of which remains unclear. Shellomes appear as self-organizing systems that must be approached from the point of view of complex systems biology: at supramolecular level, they generate emergent properties, i.e., microstructures that cannot be simply explained by the sum of their parts. A conceptual scheme is developed here that reconciles the plasticity of the shellome, its evolvability and the constrained frame of microstructures. Other perspectives arising from the study of shellomes are briefly discussed, including the macroevolution of shell repertoires, their maturation and their transformation through time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Marin
- UMR CNRS 6282 Biogéosciences, Université de Bourgogne - Franche-Comté, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France
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32
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Sato K, Kano Y, Setiamarga DHE, Watanabe HK, Sasaki T. Molecular phylogeny of protobranch bivalves and systematic implications of their shell microstructure. ZOOL SCR 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kei Sato
- Waseda University Tokyo Japan
- The University Museum The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Yasunori Kano
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute The University of Tokyo Chiba Japan
| | - Davin H. E. Setiamarga
- The University Museum The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
- National Institute of Technology Wakayama College Gobo Japan
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33
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Sarode A, Annapragada A, Guo J, Mitragotri S. Layered self-assemblies for controlled drug delivery: A translational overview. Biomaterials 2020; 242:119929. [PMID: 32163750 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.119929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembly is a prominent phenomenon observed in nature. Inspired by this thermodynamically favorable approach, several natural and synthetic materials have been investigated to develop functional systems for various biomedical applications, including drug delivery. Furthermore, layered self-assembled systems provide added advantages of tunability and multifunctionality which are crucial for controlled and targeted drug release. Layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition has emerged as one of the most popular, well-established techniques for tailoring such layered self-assemblies. This review aims to provide a brief overview of drug delivery applications using LbL deposition, along with a discussion of associated scalability challenges, technological innovations to overcome them, and prospects for commercial translation of this versatile technique. Additionally, alternative self-assembly techniques such as metal-phenolic networks (MPNs) and Liesegang rings are also reviewed in the context of their recent utilization for controlled drug delivery. Blending the sophistication of these self-assembly phenomena with material science and technological advances can provide a powerful tool to develop smart drug carriers in a scalable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apoorva Sarode
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Akshaya Annapragada
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Junling Guo
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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34
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Beliaev M, Zöllner D, Pacureanu A, Zaslansky P, Bertinetti L, Zlotnikov I. Quantification of sheet nacre morphogenesis using X-ray nanotomography and deep learning. J Struct Biol 2020; 209:107432. [PMID: 31816415 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2019.107432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maksim Beliaev
- B CUBE - Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Dana Zöllner
- B CUBE - Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Paul Zaslansky
- Julius Wolff Institute for Biomechanics and Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Berlin, Germany
| | - Luca Bertinetti
- B CUBE - Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Igor Zlotnikov
- B CUBE - Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany.
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35
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Crystal growth kinetics as an architectural constraint on the evolution of molluscan shells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:20388-20397. [PMID: 31551265 PMCID: PMC6789867 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1907229116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Using notions from classic materials science, we expand our understanding of the macroscopic morphospace of possible molluscan shell shapes to the level of possible ultrastructures that comprise them. This provides us with a unique opportunity to explore this morphospace using well-developed analytical, theoretical, and numerical tools and to test the effects of a discrete number of parameters on shell biomineralization. The physical model presented here sheds a new light on the evolutionary aspect of molluscan shell ultrastructural fabrication and suggests that the repeated “discovery” of some mineral morphologies partially reflects a series of architectural constraints provided by biomineral growth kinetics. Molluscan shells are a classic model system to study formation–structure–function relationships in biological materials and the process of biomineralized tissue morphogenesis. Typically, each shell consists of a number of highly mineralized ultrastructures, each characterized by a specific 3D mineral–organic architecture. Surprisingly, in some cases, despite the lack of a mutual biochemical toolkit for biomineralization or evidence of homology, shells from different independently evolved species contain similar ultrastructural motifs. In the present study, using a recently developed physical framework, which is based on an analogy to the process of directional solidification and simulated by phase-field modeling, we compare the process of ultrastructural morphogenesis of shells from 3 major molluscan classes: A bivalve Unio pictorum, a cephalopod Nautilus pompilius, and a gastropod Haliotis asinina. We demonstrate that the fabrication of these tissues is guided by the organisms by regulating the chemical and physical boundary conditions that control the growth kinetics of the mineral phase. This biomineralization concept is postulated to act as an architectural constraint on the evolution of molluscan shells by defining a morphospace of possible shell ultrastructures that is bounded by the thermodynamics and kinetics of crystal growth.
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36
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37
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Reich E, Schoeppler V, Lemanis R, Lakin E, Zolotoyabko E, Zöllner D, Zlotnikov I. Morphological and textural evolution of the prismatic ultrastructure in mollusc shells: A comparative study of Pinnidae species. Acta Biomater 2019; 85:272-281. [PMID: 30572167 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Molluscan shells, exhibiting a variety of complex three-dimensional architectures, are an exemplar model system to study biogenic mineral formation by living organisms. Recent studies have demonstrated that the deposition process of some shell ultrastructures can be described using classical analytical models borrowed from materials physics, which were developed to predict the structural evolution of man-made and geological polycrystalline composite assemblies. In the current study, we use this newly developed capacity to quantitatively describe the morphogenesis of the prismatic ultrastructure in three shells from the bivalve family Pinnidae towards establishing a correlation between structure, texture, growth kinetics, topology and phylogeny of the species. Using data collected by electron microscopy, synchrotron-based microtomography, electron backscatter diffraction analysis (EBSD) and X-ray diffraction we demonstrate that the prismatic ultrastructures in Pinnidae are formed following either ideal or triple-junction-controlled kinetics, which are shown to be closely linked to the morphological and topological characteristics, as well as crystallographic texture of these biocomposites. The experimental and analytical framework presented in this comparative study can serve as an additional tool for classifying molluscan shell ultrastructures on the levels of structural and textural morphogenesis. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The ability to quantitatively describe the structural evolution of the prismatic architecture in mollusc shells is used for the first time to derive and compare between analytical parameters that define the growth kinetics and morphological and topological evolution during the growth of three shells from the family Pinnidae from two different genera. Furthermore, these parameters are linked to the evolution of crystallographic texture in the studied architectures. The developed experimental and analytical framework not only enables us to quantitatively describe species-specific growth mechanisms but also suggests a direct correlation between the evolution of morphology and texture.
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38
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Simonet Roda M, Griesshaber E, Ziegler A, Rupp U, Yin X, Henkel D, Häussermann V, Laudien J, Brand U, Eisenhauer A, Checa AG, Schmahl WW. Calcite fibre formation in modern brachiopod shells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:598. [PMID: 30679565 PMCID: PMC6345923 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36959-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The fibrous calcite layer of modern brachiopod shells is a hybrid composite material and forms a substantial part of the hard tissue. We investigated how cells of the outer mantle epithelium (OME) secrete calcite material and generate the characteristic fibre morphology and composite microstructure of the shell. We employed AFM, FE-SEM, and TEM imaging of embedded/etched, chemically fixed/decalcified and high-pressure frozen/freeze substituted samples. Calcite fibres are secreted by outer mantle epithelium (OME) cells. Biometric analysis of TEM micrographs indicates that about 50% of these cells are attached via hemidesmosomes to an extracellular organic membrane present at the proximal, convex surface of the fibres. At these sites, mineral secretion is not active. Instead, ion transport from OME cells to developing fibres occurs at regions of closest contact between cells and fibres, however only at sites where the extracellular membrane at the proximal fibre surface is not developed yet. Fibre formation requires the cooperation of several adjacent OME cells. It is a spatially and temporally changing process comprising of detachment of OME cells from the extracellular organic membrane, mineral secretion at detachment sites, termination of secretion with formation of the extracellular organic membrane, and attachment of cells via hemidesmosomes to this membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Simonet Roda
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, LMU, 80333, München, Germany.
| | - Erika Griesshaber
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, LMU, 80333, München, Germany
| | - Andreas Ziegler
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, University of Ulm, 89069, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ulrich Rupp
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, University of Ulm, 89069, Ulm, Germany
| | - Xiaofei Yin
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, LMU, 80333, München, Germany
| | - Daniela Henkel
- Marine Biogeochemistry/Marine Systems, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, 24148, Kiel, Germany
| | - Vreni Häussermann
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Escuela de Ciencias del Mar, Avda. Brasil, 2950, Valparaíso, Chile
- Huinay Scientific Field Station, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Jürgen Laudien
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 27568, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Uwe Brand
- Department of Earth Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Anton Eisenhauer
- Marine Biogeochemistry/Marine Systems, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, 24148, Kiel, Germany
| | - Antonio G Checa
- Departamento de Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
- Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra, CSIC-Universidad de Granada, 18100, Armilla, Spain
| | - Wolfgang W Schmahl
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, LMU, 80333, München, Germany
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39
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Lertvachirapaiboon C, Pienpinijtham P, Wongravee K, Ekgasit S. Optical Properties of Individual Aragonite Plates from Nacre. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201801566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chutiparn Lertvachirapaiboon
- Graduate School of Science and Technology; Niigata University 8050 Ikarashi 2-nocho, Nishi-ku; Niigata 950-2181 Japan
| | - Prompong Pienpinijtham
- Sensor Research Unit, Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University 254 Phaya Thai Road, Patumwan; Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Kanet Wongravee
- Sensor Research Unit, Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University 254 Phaya Thai Road, Patumwan; Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Sanong Ekgasit
- Sensor Research Unit, Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University 254 Phaya Thai Road, Patumwan; Bangkok 10330 Thailand
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40
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Schoeppler V, Gránásy L, Reich E, Poulsen N, de Kloe R, Cook P, Rack A, Pusztai T, Zlotnikov I. Biomineralization as a Paradigm of Directional Solidification: A Physical Model for Molluscan Shell Ultrastructural Morphogenesis. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1803855. [PMID: 30239045 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201803855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Molluscan shells are a model system to understand the fundamental principles of mineral formation by living organisms. The diversity of unconventional mineral morphologies and 3D mineral-organic architectures that comprise these tissues, in combination with their exceptional mechanical efficiency, offers a unique platform to study the formation-structure-function relationship in a biomineralized system. However, so far, morphogenesis of these ultrastructures is poorly understood. Here, a comprehensive physical model, based on the concept of directional solidification, is developed to describe molluscan shell biomineralization. The capacity of the model to define the forces and thermodynamic constraints that guide the morphogenesis of the entire shell construct-the prismatic and nacreous ultrastructures and their transitions-and govern the evolution of the constituent mineralized assemblies on the ultrastructural and nanostructural levels is demonstrated using the shell of the bivalve Unio pictorum. Thereby, explicit tools for novel bioinspired and biomimetic bottom-up materials design are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Schoeppler
- B CUBE - Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01307, Germany
| | - László Gránásy
- Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, 1121, Hungary
| | - Elke Reich
- B CUBE - Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01307, Germany
| | - Nicole Poulsen
- B CUBE - Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01307, Germany
| | | | - Phil Cook
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, Grenoble, 38043, France
| | - Alexander Rack
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, Grenoble, 38043, France
| | - Tamás Pusztai
- Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, 1121, Hungary
| | - Igor Zlotnikov
- B CUBE - Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01307, Germany
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41
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Agbaje OBA, Ben Shir I, Zax DB, Schmidt A, Jacob DE. Biomacromolecules within bivalve shells: Is chitin abundant? Acta Biomater 2018; 80:176-187. [PMID: 30217589 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Bivalve shells are inorganic-organic nanocomposites whose material properties outperform their purely inorganic mineral counterparts. Most typically the inorganic phase is a polymorph of CaCO3, while the organic phase contains biopolymers which have been presumed to be chitin and/or proteins. Identifying the biopolymer phase is therefore a crucial step in improving our understanding of design principles relevant to biominerals. In this work we study seven shells; four are examples of nacroprismatic shells (Alathyria jacksoni, Pinctada maxima, Hyriopsis cumingii and Cucumerunio novaehollandiae), one homogeneous (Arctica islandica), and two are crossed lamellar (Callista kingii, Tridacna gigas). Both intact shells, their organic extracts as isolated after decalcification in acid, and the periostracum overlay have been studied by solid-state CP-MAS NMR, FTIR, SEM and chemical analysis. In none of the shells examined in this work do we find a significant contribution to the organic fraction from chitin or its derivatives despite popular models of bivalve biomineralization which assume abundant chitin in the organic fraction of mollusk bivalve shells. In each of the nacroprismatic extracts the 13C NMR spectra represent similar proteinaceous material, Ala and Gly-rich and primarily organized as β-sheets. A different, yet highly conserved protein was found in the periostracum covering each of the three nacreous shells studied. The Arctica islandica shells with homogeneous microstructure contained proteins which do not appear to be silk-like, while in the crossed lamellar shells we extracted too little organic matter to characterize. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Hydrophobic macromolecules are structural components within the calcareous inorganic matrix of bivalve shells and are responsible for enhanced materials properties of the biominerals. Prevalent models suggest that chitin is such major hydrophobic component. Contrary to that we show that chitin is rare within the hydrophobic biopolymers which primarily consist of proteinaceous matter with structural motifs as silk-like β-sheets, or others yet to be determined. Recognizing that diverse proteinaceous motifs, devoid of abundant chitin, can yield the optimized mechanical properties of bivalve shells is critical both to understand the mechanistic pathways by which they regulate biomineralization and for the design of novel bioinspired materials.
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Jones JA, Metzler RA, D'Addario AJ, Burgess C, Regan B, Spano S, Cvarch BA, Galvez EJ. Laser imaging polarimetry of nacre. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2018; 11:e201800026. [PMID: 29575820 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201800026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nacre is a complex biomaterial made of aragonite-tablet bricks and organic mortar that is considerably resilient against breakage. Nacre has been studied with a wide range of laboratory techniques, leading to understanding key fundamentals and informing the creation of bio-inspired materials. In this article, we present an optical polarimetric technique to investigate nacre, taking advantage of the translucence and birefringence of its microcomponents. We focus our study on 3 classes of mollusks that have nacreous shells: bivalve (Pinctada fucata), gastropod (Haliotis asinina and Haliotis rufescens) and cephalopod (Nautilus pompilius). We sent polarized light from a laser through thin samples of nacre and did imaging polarimetry of the transmitted light. We observed clear distinctions between the structures of bivalve and gastropod, due to the spatial variation of their birefringence. The patterns for cephalopod were more similar to bivalve than gastropod. Bleaching of the samples disrupted the transmitted light. Subsequent refilling of the bivalve and gastropod nacre samples with oil produced optical patterns similar to those of unbleached samples. In cephalopod samples, we found that bleaching produced irreversible changes in the optical pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Jones
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York
| | - Rebecca A Metzler
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York
| | | | - Carrie Burgess
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York
| | - Brian Regan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York
| | - Samantha Spano
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York
| | - Ben A Cvarch
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York
| | - Enrique J Galvez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York
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Preparation of hydroxyapatite porous scaffold from a 'coral-like' synthetic inorganic precursor for use as a bone substitute and a drug delivery vehicle. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 92:329-337. [PMID: 30184757 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel surfactant free hydrothermal method was developed for the preparation of large hydroxyapatite scaffolds. Synthetic calcium carbonate (calcite) was used as the starting material which when mixed with an inorganic setting solution containing phosphoric acid and sodium hydroxide forms the porous precursor body with pore size 20-700 μm. The porous precursor body was then hydrothermally converted to hydroxyapatite scaffolds when treated in basic phosphate solution of pH 10.5 at 150 °C and 15 bar pressure maintaining the structural stability and integrity. X-ray diffraction and the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed that the developed material consist of single phase crystalline hydroxyapatite. Surface morphology and microstructures were studied using scanning electron microscopy and porosity was evaluated by micro CT analysis. The cell material interactions evaluated by cell viability assays and live cell staining methods confirmed the cell compatibility. The drug release study at physiological pH implied that the developed materials could be promising in sustained long-term release. The results emerged have shown that the hydrothermal conversion of inorganic coral-like precursor is effective to produce porous bioactive hydroxyapatite scaffolds for bone regeneration as well as drug delivery vehicles for the treatment of infectious bone diseases such as osteomyelitis.
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Kontturi E, Laaksonen P, Linder MB, Gröschel AH, Rojas OJ, Ikkala O. Advanced Materials through Assembly of Nanocelluloses. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1703779. [PMID: 29504161 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201703779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
There is an emerging quest for lightweight materials with excellent mechanical properties and economic production, while still being sustainable and functionalizable. They could form the basis of the future bioeconomy for energy and material efficiency. Cellulose has long been recognized as an abundant polymer. Modified celluloses were, in fact, among the first polymers used in technical applications; however, they were later replaced by petroleum-based synthetic polymers. Currently, there is a resurgence of interest to utilize renewable resources, where cellulose is foreseen to make again a major impact, this time in the development of advanced materials. This is because of its availability and properties, as well as economic and sustainable production. Among cellulose-based structures, cellulose nanofibrils and nanocrystals display nanoscale lateral dimensions and lengths ranging from nanometers to micrometers. Their excellent mechanical properties are, in part, due to their crystalline assembly via hydrogen bonds. Owing to their abundant surface hydroxyl groups, they can be easily modified with nanoparticles, (bio)polymers, inorganics, or nanocarbons to form functional fibers, films, bulk matter, and porous aerogels and foams. Here, some of the recent progress in the development of advanced materials within this rapidly growing field is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eero Kontturi
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
| | - Päivi Laaksonen
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
- Center of Excellence Molecular Engineering of Biosynthetic Hybrid Materials Research, Aalto University and VTT, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
| | - Markus B Linder
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
- Center of Excellence Molecular Engineering of Biosynthetic Hybrid Materials Research, Aalto University and VTT, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
| | - André H Gröschel
- Physical Chemistry and Centre for Nanointegration (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, DE-45127, Essen, Germany
| | - Orlando J Rojas
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
- Center of Excellence Molecular Engineering of Biosynthetic Hybrid Materials Research, Aalto University and VTT, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
| | - Olli Ikkala
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
- Center of Excellence Molecular Engineering of Biosynthetic Hybrid Materials Research, Aalto University and VTT, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
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Jackson DJ, Reim L, Randow C, Cerveau N, Degnan BM, Fleck C. Variation in Orthologous Shell-Forming Proteins Contribute to Molluscan Shell Diversity. Mol Biol Evol 2018; 34:2959-2969. [PMID: 28961798 PMCID: PMC5850307 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msx232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the evolutionary success and ancient heritage of the molluscan shell, little is known about the molecular details of its formation, evolutionary origins, or the interactions between the material properties of the shell and its organic constituents. In contrast to this dearth of information, a growing collection of molluscan shell-forming proteomes and transcriptomes suggest they are comprised of both deeply conserved, and lineage specific elements. Analyses of these sequence data sets have suggested that mechanisms such as exon shuffling, gene co-option, and gene family expansion facilitated the rapid evolution of shell-forming proteomes and supported the diversification of this phylum specific structure. In order to further investigate and test these ideas we have examined the molecular features and spatial expression patterns of two shell-forming genes (Lustrin and ML1A2) and coupled these observations with materials properties measurements of shells from a group of closely related gastropods (abalone). We find that the prominent “GS” domain of Lustrin, a domain believed to confer elastomeric properties to the shell, varies significantly in length between the species we investigated. Furthermore, the spatial expression patterns of Lustrin and ML1A2 also vary significantly between species, suggesting that both protein architecture, and the regulation of spatial gene expression patterns, are important drivers of molluscan shell evolution. Variation in these molecular features might relate to certain materials properties of the shells of these species. These insights reveal an important and underappreciated source of variation within shell-forming proteomes that must contribute to the diversity of molluscan shell phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Jackson
- Department of Geobiology, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Laurin Reim
- Department of Earth- and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, München, Germany
| | - Clemens Randow
- Department of Materials Engineering, Institute of Technology Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicolas Cerveau
- Department of Geobiology, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bernard M Degnan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Claudia Fleck
- Department of Materials Engineering, Institute of Technology Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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McDougall C, Degnan BM. The evolution of mollusc shells. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2018; 7:e313. [DOI: 10.1002/wdev.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carmel McDougall
- Centre for Marine Sciences, School of Biological SciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Bernard M. Degnan
- Centre for Marine Sciences, School of Biological SciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
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Phenome of pearl quality traits in the mollusc transplant model Pinctada margaritifera. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2122. [PMID: 29391512 PMCID: PMC5794767 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20564-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The bivalve Pinctada margaritifera exhibits three main transplant phenotypes derived from the donor (from which a mantle graft tissue, the saibo, is excised), the recipient (into which the saibo is implanted with a nucleus, leading to the formation of a pearl sac “chimera”) and the cultured pearls themselves. This first phenome study on the species derived from a large experimental graft. Transplant phenotype was assessed at three scales: 1) macro, pearl size, colour, grade, 2) micro, pearl surface microstructure, and 3) molecular, biomineralisation gene expression level in saibo and pearl sac tissues. From donor to pearl, the phenome revealed fine variations of quality traits dependent on the position on the mantle where the saibo was cut, whose variation could overlap with inter-individual donor phenotype differences. A single donor phenotype could therefore produce multiple pearl phenotypes at the scale of the saibo position, mirroring its original activity at the mantle position level and the colour and shape of the shell. This phenome study provides essential information on phenotypic trait architecture enabling us to explore and explain the main biological functions and pave the way for a phenomic project on P. margaritifera that could benefit the pearl industry.
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Bhushan B. Structure and Mechanical Properties of Nacre. Biomimetics (Basel) 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-71676-3_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Abstract
Nature assembles weak organic and inorganic constituents into sophisticated hierarchical structures, forming structural composites that demonstrate impressive combinations of strength and toughness. Two such composites are the nacre structure forming the inner layer of many mollusk shells, whose brick-and-mortar architecture has been the gold standard for biomimetic composites, and the cuticle forming the arthropod exoskeleton, whose helicoidal fiber-reinforced architecture has only recently attracted interest for structural biomimetics. In this review, we detail recent biomimetic efforts for the fabrication of strong and tough composite materials possessing the brick-and-mortar and helicoidal architectures. Techniques discussed for the fabrication of nacre- and cuticle-mimetic structures include freeze casting, layer-by-layer deposition, spray deposition, magnetically assisted slip casting, fiber-reinforced composite processing, additive manufacturing, and cholesteric self-assembly. Advantages and limitations to these processes are discussed, as well as the future outlook on the biomimetic landscape for structural composite materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Yaraghi
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA;
| | - David Kisailus
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA; .,Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
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Lemloh ML, Verch A, Weiss IM. Aqueous ball milling of nacre constituents facilitates directional self-assembly of aragonite nanoparticles of the gastropod Haliotis glabra. J R Soc Interface 2017; 14:rsif.2017.0450. [PMID: 29142015 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2017.0450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A ball-milling approach was developed to investigate the constituents of isolated nacre tablets of the gastropod Haliotis glabra in aqueous suspension without additional chemical additives. The obtained particle mixtures were characterized using X-ray crystallography as well as scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Aragonite nanoparticles retained their crystal structure even after 14 h of ball milling. The long-term stability of the particle mixtures varied as a function of the ball-milling duration. An increased milling time led to rod-like stable assemblies of aragonite nanoparticles. Selected area electron diffraction investigations revealed that the longitudinal axes in about one-third of these nanoparticle rods were oriented along the crystallographic c-axis of aragonite, indicating oriented attachment of the aragonite nanoparticles. These in vitro observations support the idea that a two-stage process, separated into crystallization of nanoparticles and oriented assembly of nanocrystals, could also occur in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Louise Lemloh
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Andreas Verch
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Ingrid M Weiss
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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