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Cobbe N, Di Cara F, Spradling AC, Vass S. Margarete Heck (1959-2023): Cell biologist, geneticist, and incandescent social spark. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202311145. [PMID: 38060039 PMCID: PMC10702365 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202311145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Margarete M.S. Heck, professor of cell biology and genetics, University of Edinburgh, died peacefully at home amid her loving family under a blue moon on August 30, 2023, after a long journey with ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesca Di Cara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Allan C. Spradling
- Carnegie Institution for Science and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sharron Vass
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Scotland, UK
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Banzai K, Nishimura T. Isolation of a novel missense mutation in insulin receptor as a spontaneous revertant in ImpL2 mutants in Drosophila. Development 2023; 150:285910. [PMID: 36504086 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Evolutionarily conserved insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling (IIS) correlates nutrient levels to metabolism and growth, thereby playing crucial roles in development and adult fitness. In the fruit fly Drosophila, ImpL2, an ortholog of IGFBP7, binds to and inhibits the function of Drosophila insulin-like peptides. In this study, we isolated a temperature-sensitive mutation in the insulin receptor (InR) gene as a spontaneous revertant in ImpL2 null mutants. The p.Y902C missense mutation is located at the functionally conserved amino acid residue of the first fibronectin type III domain of InR. The hypomorphic InR mutant animals showed a temperature-dependent reduction in IIS and body size. The mutant animals also exhibited metabolic defects, such as increased triglyceride and carbohydrate levels. Metabolomic analysis further revealed that defects in InR caused dysregulation of amino acid and ribonucleotide metabolism. We also observed that InR mutant females produced tiny irregular-shaped embryos with reduced fecundity. In summary, this novel allele of InR is a valuable tool for the Drosophila genetic model of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Banzai
- Laboratory for Growth Control Signaling, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Takashi Nishimura
- Laboratory for Growth Control Signaling, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan.,Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Genetics, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8512, Japan
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Elongator stabilizes microtubules to control central spindle asymmetry and polarized trafficking of cell fate determinants. Nat Cell Biol 2022; 24:1606-1616. [PMID: 36302967 PMCID: PMC7613801 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-022-01020-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetric cell division gives rise to two daughter cells that inherit different determinants, thereby acquiring different fates. Polarized trafficking of endosomes containing fate determinants recently emerged as an evolutionarily conserved feature of asymmetric cell division to enhance the robustness of asymmetric cell fate determination in flies, fish and mammals. In particular, polarized sorting of signalling endosomes by an asymmetric central spindle contributes to asymmetric cell division in Drosophila melanogaster. However, how central spindle asymmetry arises remains elusive. Here we identify a moonlighting function of the Elongator complex-an established protein acetylase and tRNA methylase involved in the fidelity of protein translation-as a key factor for central spindle asymmetry. Elongator controls spindle asymmetry by stabilizing microtubules differentially on the anterior side of the central spindle. Accordingly, lowering the activity of Elongator on the anterior side using nanobodies mistargets endosomes to the wrong cell. Molecularly, Elongator regulates microtubule dynamics independently of its acetylation and methylation enzymatic activities. Instead, Elongator directly binds to microtubules and increases their polymerization speed while decreasing their catastrophe frequency. Our data establish a non-canonical role of Elongator at the core of cytoskeleton polarity and asymmetric signalling.
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Jaiswal P, Tripathi V, Nayak A, Kataria S, Lukashevich V, Das A, Parmar HS. A molecular link between diabetes and breast cancer: Therapeutic potential of repurposing incretin-based therapies for breast cancer. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2021; 21:829-848. [PMID: 34468298 DOI: 10.2174/1568009621666210901101851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Female breast cancer recently surpassed lung cancer and became the most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide. As per the recent data from WHO, breast cancer accounts for one out of every 8 cancer cases diagnosed among an estimated 2.3 million new cancer cases. Breast cancer is the most prevailing cancer type among women causing the highest number of cancer-related mortality. It has been estimated that in 2020, 68,5000 women died due to this disease. Breast cancers have varying degrees of molecular heterogeneity; therefore, they are divided into various molecular clinical sub types. Recent reports suggest that type 2 diabetes (one of the common chronic diseases worldwide) is linked to the higher incidence, accelerated progression, and aggressiveness of different cancers; especially breast cancer. Breast cancer is hormone-dependent in nature and has a cross-talk with metabolism. A number of antidiabetic therapies are known to exert beneficial effects on various types of cancers, including breast cancer. However, only a few reports are available on the role of incretin-based antidiabetic therapies in cancer as a whole and in breast cancer in particular. The present review sheds light on the potential of incretin based therapies on breast cancer and explores the plausible underlying mechanisms. Additionally, we have also discussed the sub types of breast cancer as well as the intricate relationship between diabetes and breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Jaiswal
- School of Biotechnology, Devi Ahilya University, Indore-452001. M.P., India
| | - Versha Tripathi
- School of Biotechnology, Devi Ahilya University, Indore-452001. M.P., India
| | - Aakruti Nayak
- School of Biotechnology, Devi Ahilya University, Indore-452001. M.P., India
| | - Shreya Kataria
- School of Biotechnology, Devi Ahilya University, Indore-452001. M.P., India
| | - Vladimir Lukashevich
- Institute of Physiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk-220072. Belarus
| | - Apurba Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences, IIT, Indore, Simrol, Indore, M.P., India
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Abhinav K, Feng L, Morrison E, Jung Y, Dear J, Takahashi S, Heck MMS. The conserved metalloprotease invadolysin is present in invertebrate haemolymph and vertebrate blood. Biol Open 2019; 8:bio.044073. [PMID: 31615765 PMCID: PMC6899020 DOI: 10.1242/bio.044073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We identified invadolysin, a novel essential metalloprotease, for functions in chromosome structure, cell proliferation and migration. Invadolysin also plays an important metabolic role in insulin signalling and is the only protease known to localise to lipid droplets, the main lipid storage organelle in the cell. In silico examination of the protein sequence of invadolysin predicts not only protease and lipase catalytic motifs, but also post-translational modifications and the secretion of invadolysin. Here we show that the protease motif of invadolysin is important for its role in lipid accumulation, but not in glycogen accumulation. The lipase motif does not appear to be functionally important for the accumulation of lipids or glycogen. Post-translational modifications likely contribute to modulating the level, localisation or activity of invadolysin. We identified a secreted form of invadolysin in the soluble fraction of invertebrate hemolymph (where we observe sexually dimorphic forms) and also vertebrate plasma, including in the extracellular vesicle fraction. Biochemical analysis for various post-translational modifications demonstrated that secreted invadolysin is both N- and O-glycosylated, but not apparently GPI-linked. The discovery of invadolysin in the extracellular milieu suggests a role for invadolysin in normal organismal physiology. Summary: In this study, we show that the conserved metalloprotease invadolysin is present in invertebrate hemolymph and vertebrate blood, suggesting the protein may function in organismal physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanishk Abhinav
- University/BHF Center for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Linda Feng
- University/BHF Center for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Emma Morrison
- University/BHF Center for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Yunshin Jung
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0006, Japan
| | - James Dear
- University/BHF Center for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0006, Japan
| | - Margarete M S Heck
- University/BHF Center for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
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Everman ER, McNeil CL, Hackett JL, Bain CL, Macdonald SJ. Dissection of Complex, Fitness-Related Traits in Multiple Drosophila Mapping Populations Offers Insight into the Genetic Control of Stress Resistance. Genetics 2019; 211:1449-1467. [PMID: 30760490 PMCID: PMC6456312 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.119.301930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We leverage two complementary Drosophila melanogaster mapping panels to genetically dissect starvation resistance-an important fitness trait. Using >1600 genotypes from the multiparental Drosophila Synthetic Population Resource (DSPR), we map numerous starvation stress QTL that collectively explain a substantial fraction of trait heritability. Mapped QTL effects allowed us to estimate DSPR founder phenotypes, predictions that were correlated with the actual phenotypes of these lines. We observe a modest phenotypic correlation between starvation resistance and triglyceride level, traits that have been linked in previous studies. However, overlap among QTL identified for each trait is low. Since we also show that DSPR strains with extreme starvation phenotypes differ in desiccation resistance and activity level, our data imply multiple physiological mechanisms contribute to starvation variability. We additionally exploited the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP) to identify sequence variants associated with starvation resistance. Consistent with prior work these sites rarely fall within QTL intervals mapped in the DSPR. We were offered a unique opportunity to directly compare association mapping results across laboratories since two other groups previously measured starvation resistance in the DGRP. We found strong phenotypic correlations among studies, but extremely low overlap in the sets of genomewide significant sites. Despite this, our analyses revealed that the most highly associated variants from each study typically showed the same additive effect sign in independent studies, in contrast to otherwise equivalent sets of random variants. This consistency provides evidence for reproducible trait-associated sites in a widely used mapping panel, and highlights the polygenic nature of starvation resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Everman
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
| | - Casey L McNeil
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
| | - Jennifer L Hackett
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
| | - Clint L Bain
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
| | - Stuart J Macdonald
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
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Kolaj-Robin O, Séraphin B. Structures and Activities of the Elongator Complex and Its Cofactors. RNA MODIFICATION 2017; 41:117-149. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.enz.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Abstract
In this issue of Structure, Glatt and colleagues report the structure of the Kti11/Kti13 heterodimer. This study reveals how dimerization and Fe(2+) binding are required for modification of both tRNA and EF2, thus suggesting a mechanism for regulation of translation elongation via two different pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wim Versées
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
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9
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Kiyama R, Zhu Y. DNA microarray-based gene expression profiling of estrogenic chemicals. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:2065-82. [PMID: 24399289 PMCID: PMC11113397 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1544-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We summarize updated information about DNA microarray-based gene expression profiling by focusing on its application to estrogenic chemicals. First, estrogenic chemicals, including natural/industrial estrogens and phytoestrogens, and the methods for detection and evaluation of estrogenic chemicals were overviewed along with a comprehensive list of estrogenic chemicals of natural or industrial origin. Second, gene expression profiling of chemicals using a focused microarray containing estrogen-responsive genes is summarized. Third, silent estrogens, a new type of estrogenic chemicals characterized by their estrogenic gene expression profiles without growth stimulative or inhibitory effects, have been identified so far exclusively by DNA microarray assay. Lastly, the prospect of a microarray assay is discussed, including issues such as commercialization, future directions of applications and quality control methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoiti Kiyama
- Signaling Molecules Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566, Japan,
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Sarin LP, Leidel SA. Modify or die?--RNA modification defects in metazoans. RNA Biol 2014; 11:1555-67. [PMID: 25692999 PMCID: PMC4615230 DOI: 10.4161/15476286.2014.992279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical RNA modifications are present in all kingdoms of life and many of these post-transcriptional modifications are conserved throughout evolution. However, most of the research has been performed on single cell organisms, whereas little is known about how RNA modifications contribute to the development of metazoans. In recent years, the identification of RNA modification genes in genome wide association studies (GWAS) has sparked new interest in previously neglected genes. In this review, we summarize recent findings that connect RNA modification defects and phenotypes in higher eukaryotes. Furthermore, we discuss the implications of aberrant tRNA modification in various human diseases including metabolic defects, mitochondrial dysfunctions, neurological disorders, and cancer. As the molecular mechanisms of these diseases are being elucidated, we will gain first insights into the functions of RNA modifications in higher eukaryotes and finally understand their roles during development.
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MESH Headings
- Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/genetics
- Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/metabolism
- Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/pathology
- Animals
- Dysautonomia, Familial/genetics
- Dysautonomia, Familial/metabolism
- Dysautonomia, Familial/pathology
- Epilepsy, Rolandic/genetics
- Epilepsy, Rolandic/metabolism
- Epilepsy, Rolandic/pathology
- Genome-Wide Association Study
- Humans
- Intellectual Disability/genetics
- Intellectual Disability/metabolism
- Intellectual Disability/pathology
- Mutation
- Neoplasms/genetics
- Neoplasms/metabolism
- Neoplasms/pathology
- Nucleic Acid Conformation
- Phenotype
- RNA/genetics
- RNA/metabolism
- RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional
- RNA, Mitochondrial
- RNA, Transfer/genetics
- RNA, Transfer/metabolism
- tRNA Methyltransferases/genetics
- tRNA Methyltransferases/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- L Peter Sarin
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine; Münster, Germany
| | - Sebastian A Leidel
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine; Münster, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine; University of Münster; Münster, Germany
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Di Cara F, Duca E, Dunbar DR, Cagney G, Heck MMS. Invadolysin, a conserved lipid-droplet-associated metalloproteinase, is required for mitochondrial function in Drosophila. J Cell Sci 2013; 126:4769-81. [PMID: 23943867 PMCID: PMC3795342 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.133306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the main producers of ATP, the principal energy source of the cell, and reactive oxygen species (ROS), important signaling molecules. Mitochondrial morphogenesis and function depend on a hierarchical network of mechanisms in which proteases appear to be center stage. The invadolysin gene encodes an essential conserved metalloproteinase of the M8 family that is necessary for mitosis and cell migration during Drosophila development. We previously demonstrated that invadolysin is found associated with lipid droplets in cells. Here, we present data demonstrating that invadolysin interacts physically with three mitochondrial ATP synthase subunits. Our studies have focused on the genetic phenotypes of invadolysin and bellwether, the Drosophila homolog of ATP synthase α, mutants. The invadolysin mutation presents defects in mitochondrial physiology similar to those observed in bellwether mutants. The invadolysin and bellwether mutants have parallel phenotypes that affect lipid storage and mitochondrial electron transport chain activity, which result in a reduction in ATP production and an accumulation of ROS. As a consequence, invadolysin mutant larvae show lower energetic status and higher oxidative stress. Our data demonstrate an essential role for invadolysin in mitochondrial function that is crucial for normal development and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Di Cara
- University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, BHF/University Center for Cardiovascular Science, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Edward Duca
- University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, BHF/University Center for Cardiovascular Science, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Donald R. Dunbar
- University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, BHF/University Center for Cardiovascular Science, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Gerard Cagney
- Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Margarete M. S. Heck
- University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, BHF/University Center for Cardiovascular Science, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
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Djiogue S, Nwabo Kamdje AH, Vecchio L, Kipanyula MJ, Farahna M, Aldebasi Y, Seke Etet PF. Insulin resistance and cancer: the role of insulin and IGFs. Endocr Relat Cancer 2013. [PMID: 23207292 DOI: 10.1530/erc-12-0324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Insulin, IGF1, and IGF2 are the most studied insulin-like peptides (ILPs). These are evolutionary conserved factors well known as key regulators of energy metabolism and growth, with crucial roles in insulin resistance-related metabolic disorders such as obesity, diseases like type 2 diabetes mellitus, as well as associated immune deregulations. A growing body of evidence suggests that insulin and IGF1 receptors mediate their effects on regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, glucose transport, and energy metabolism by signaling downstream through insulin receptor substrate molecules and thus play a pivotal role in cell fate determination. Despite the emerging evidence from epidemiological studies on the possible relationship between insulin resistance and cancer, our understanding on the cellular and molecular mechanisms that might account for this relationship remains incompletely understood. The involvement of IGFs in carcinogenesis is attributed to their role in linking high energy intake, increased cell proliferation, and suppression of apoptosis to cancer risks, which has been proposed as the key mechanism bridging insulin resistance and cancer. The present review summarizes and discusses evidence highlighting recent advances in our understanding on the role of ILPs as the link between insulin resistance and cancer and between immune deregulation and cancer in obesity, as well as those areas where there remains a paucity of data. It is anticipated that issues discussed in this paper will also recover new therapeutic targets that can assist in diagnostic screening and novel approaches to controlling tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sefirin Djiogue
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, University of Yaoundé 1, PO Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Close P, Gillard M, Ladang A, Jiang Z, Papuga J, Hawkes N, Nguyen L, Chapelle JP, Bouillenne F, Svejstrup J, Fillet M, Chariot A. DERP6 (ELP5) and C3ORF75 (ELP6) regulate tumorigenicity and migration of melanoma cells as subunits of Elongator. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:32535-45. [PMID: 22854966 PMCID: PMC3463322 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.402727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Elongator complex is composed of 6 subunits (Elp1-Elp6) and promotes RNAPII transcript elongation through histone acetylation in the nucleus as well as tRNA modification in the cytoplasm. This acetyltransferase complex directly or indirectly regulates numerous biological processes ranging from exocytosis and resistance to heat shock in yeast to cell migration and neuronal differentiation in higher eukaryotes. The identity of human ELP1 through ELP4 has been reported but human ELP5 and ELP6 have remained uncharacterized. Here, we report that DERP6 (ELP5) and C3ORF75 (ELP6) encode these subunits of human Elongator. We further investigated the importance and function of these two subunits by a combination of biochemical analysis and cellular assays. Our results show that DERP6/ELP5 is required for the integrity of Elongator and directly connects ELP3 to ELP4. Importantly, the migration and tumorigenicity of melanoma-derived cells are significantly decreased upon Elongator depletion through ELP1 or ELP3. Strikingly, DERP6/ELP5 and C3ORF75/ELP6-depleted melanoma cells have similar defects, further supporting the idea that DERP6/ELP5 and C3ORF75/ELP6 are essential for Elongator function. Together, our data identify DERP6/ELP5 and C3ORF75/ELP6 as key players for migration, invasion and tumorigenicity of melanoma cells, as integral subunits of Elongator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Close
- From the Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R)
- GIGA Signal Transduction and Laboratory of Medical Chemistry
| | - Magali Gillard
- From the Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R)
- GIGA Signal Transduction and Laboratory of Medical Chemistry
| | - Aurélie Ladang
- From the Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R)
- GIGA Signal Transduction and Laboratory of Medical Chemistry
| | - Zheshen Jiang
- From the Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R)
- GIGA Signal Transduction and Laboratory of Medical Chemistry
| | - Jessica Papuga
- From the Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R)
- GIGA Signal Transduction and Laboratory of Medical Chemistry
| | - Nicola Hawkes
- the Mechanisms of Transcription Laboratory, Clare Hall Laboratories, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, South Mimms EN6 3LD, United Kingdom
| | - Laurent Nguyen
- From the Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R)
- Developmental Neurobiology Unit and GIGA Neurosciences
| | - Jean-Paul Chapelle
- From the Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R)
- GIGA Signal Transduction and Laboratory of Medical Chemistry
| | | | - Jesper Svejstrup
- the Mechanisms of Transcription Laboratory, Clare Hall Laboratories, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, South Mimms EN6 3LD, United Kingdom
| | - Marianne Fillet
- From the Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R)
- GIGA Signal Transduction and Laboratory of Medical Chemistry
- Laboratory of Analytical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, CIRM, and
| | - Alain Chariot
- From the Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R)
- GIGA Signal Transduction and Laboratory of Medical Chemistry
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), GIGA-R, University of Liège, CHU, Sart-Tilman, B-4000 Liège, Belgium and
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Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is one of the most important intracellular signal transduction pathways and is involved in a series of biological activities, such as gene transcription, protein translation, ribosome synthesis, and cell apoptosis. The abnormal activation of the mTOR signaling pathway has a close relationship with the development of some hereditary diseases, tumors and diabetes. Intervention with biological processes of these diseases by influencing the mTOR signalling pathway with all kinds of biological means has become a hot area of research for several years. This article reviews the recent advances in understanding the composition and function of the mTOR signaling pathway and its role in the pathogenesis of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. It is expected that molecular therapy targeting the mTOR signalling pathway can be used for preventive therapy of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome.
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