1
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Fan Y, Meng Y, Hu X, Liu J, Qin X. Uncovering novel mechanisms of chitinase-3-like protein 1 in driving inflammation-associated cancers. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:268. [PMID: 39068486 PMCID: PMC11282867 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03425-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1) is a secreted glycoprotein that is induced and regulated by multiple factors during inflammation in enteritis, pneumonia, asthma, arthritis, and other diseases. It is associated with the deterioration of the inflammatory environment in tissues with chronic inflammation caused by microbial infection or autoimmune diseases. The expression of CHI3L1 expression is upregulated in several malignant tumors, underscoring the crucial role of chronic inflammation in the initiation and progression of cancer. While the precise mechanism connecting inflammation and cancer is unclear, the involvement of CHI3L1 is involved in chronic inflammation, suggesting its role as a contributing factor to in the link between inflammation and cancer. CHI3L1 can aggravate DNA oxidative damage, induce the cancerous phenotype, promote the development of a tumor inflammatory environment and angiogenesis, inhibit immune cells, and promote cancer cell growth, invasion, and migration. Furthermore, it participates in the initiation of cancer progression and metastasis by binding with transmembrane receptors to mediate intracellular signal transduction. Based on the current research on CHI3L1, we explore introduce the receptors that interact with CHI3L1 along with the signaling pathways that may be triggered during chronic inflammation to enhance tumorigenesis and progression. In the last section of the article, we provide a brief overview of anti-inflammatory therapies that target CHI3L1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Fan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Liaoning Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, China
- Liaoning Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yuan Meng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Liaoning Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, China
- Liaoning Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xingwei Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Liaoning Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, China
- Liaoning Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jianhua Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Liaoning Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, China
- Liaoning Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiaosong Qin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Liaoning Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, China.
- Liaoning Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
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2
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Hudák A, Pusztai D, Letoha A, Letoha T. Mutual Inhibition of Antithrombin III and SARS-CoV-2 Cellular Attachment to Syndecans: Implications for COVID-19 Treatment and Vaccination. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7534. [PMID: 39062776 PMCID: PMC11277105 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Antithrombin III (ATIII) is a potent endogenous anticoagulant that binds to heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) on endothelial cells' surfaces. Among these HSPGs, syndecans (SDCs) are crucial as transmembrane receptors bridging extracellular ligands with intracellular signaling pathways. Specifically, syndecan-4 (SDC4) has been identified as a key receptor on endothelial cells for transmitting the signaling effects of ATIII. Meanwhile, SDCs have been implicated in facilitating the cellular internalization of SARS-CoV-2. Given the complex interactions between ATIII and SDC4, our study analyzed the impact of ATIII on the virus entry into host cells. While ATIII binds to all SDC isoforms, it shows the strongest affinity for SDC4. SDCs' heparan sulfate chains primarily influence ATIII's SDC attachment, although other parts might also play a role in ATIII's dominant affinity toward SDC4. ATIII significantly reduces SARS-CoV-2's cellular entry into cell lines expressing SDCs, suggesting a competitive inhibition mechanism at the SDC binding sites, particularly SDC4. Conversely, the virus or its spike protein decreases the availability of SDCs on the cell surface, reducing ATIII's cellular attachment and hence contributing to a procoagulant environment characteristic of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anett Hudák
- Pharmacoidea Ltd., 6726 Szeged, Hungary; (A.H.); (D.P.)
| | - Dávid Pusztai
- Pharmacoidea Ltd., 6726 Szeged, Hungary; (A.H.); (D.P.)
| | - Annamária Letoha
- Department of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Tamás Letoha
- Pharmacoidea Ltd., 6726 Szeged, Hungary; (A.H.); (D.P.)
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3
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Jurjus R, Dosh L, Farhat R, Daccache T, El Masri J, Ghazi M, Hawi J, Leone A, Jurjus A. Lack of Syndecan-1 promotes the pathogenesis of experimental rheumatoid arthritis. Immunogenetics 2024; 76:145-154. [PMID: 38451352 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-024-01337-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Syndecan-1 (Sdc-1), a transmembrane heparan sulfate protein, is implicated in several pathophysiological processes including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The exact role of Syndican-1 in this autoimmune disease is still undetermined. This study explores the involvement level of Sdc-1 in the development of RA in a collagen II-induced arthritis mice model. RA was induced in two mice strains (wild-type BALB/c group and Sdc-1 knockout) by collagen II. Mice underwent regular clinical observations and scoring. After sacrifice, leg biopsies were taken from mice for histological examination, using a variety of stains. In addition, proteins were extracted, and molecular assessment of TNF-α was performed using the western blot technique. In the Sdc-1 knockout group, clinical scoring results showed a significantly more severe experimental RA; histology showed a significant increase in bone erosion, cartilage destruction, inflammation, and less granulated mast cells than the wild-type. In addition, molecular assessment of TNF-α showed more increase in expression in the Sdc-1 knockout models compared to the wild-type. Data suggest that lack of Sdc-1 enhances the inflammatory characteristics in RA. However, more molecular studies and investigations are needed to determine its exact role and possible mechanisms involved.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Male
- Mice
- Arthritis, Experimental/genetics
- Arthritis, Experimental/pathology
- Arthritis, Experimental/immunology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/genetics
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/pathology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/metabolism
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/immunology
- Collagen Type II/genetics
- Disease Models, Animal
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Knockout
- Syndecan-1/genetics
- Syndecan-1/metabolism
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalyn Jurjus
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Bliss Street, Beirut, 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Laura Dosh
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Bliss Street, Beirut, 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Rima Farhat
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Bliss Street, Beirut, 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Tatiana Daccache
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Bliss Street, Beirut, 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Jad El Masri
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Bliss Street, Beirut, 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Maya Ghazi
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Bliss Street, Beirut, 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Jihad Hawi
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Bliss Street, Beirut, 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Angelo Leone
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, 90127, Italy
| | - Abdo Jurjus
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Bliss Street, Beirut, 1107-2020, Lebanon.
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4
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Mehner LM, Munoz-Sagredo L, Sonnentag SJ, Treffert SM, Orian-Rousseau V. Targeting CD44 and other pleiotropic co-receptors as a means for broad inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis. Clin Exp Metastasis 2024:10.1007/s10585-024-10292-4. [PMID: 38761292 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-024-10292-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Although progress has been made in the treatment of cancer, particularly for the four major types of cancers affecting the lungs, colon, breast and prostate, resistance to cancer treatment often emerges upon inhibition of major signaling pathways, which leads to the activation of additional pathways as a last-resort survival mechanism by the cancer cells. This signaling plasticity provides cancer cells with a level of operational freedom, reducing treatment efficacy. Plasticity is a characteristic of cancer cells that are not only able to switch signaling pathways but also from one cellular state (differentiated cells to stem cells or vice versa) to another. It seems implausible that the inhibition of one or a few signaling pathways of heterogeneous and plastic tumors can sustain a durable effect. We propose that inhibiting molecules with pleiotropic functions such as cell surface co-receptors can be a key to preventing therapy escape instead of targeting bona fide receptors. Therefore, we ask the question whether co-receptors often considered as "accessory molecules" are an overlooked key to control cancer cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa-Marie Mehner
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems - Functional Molecular Systems, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Leonel Munoz-Sagredo
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems - Functional Molecular Systems, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
- School of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaiso, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - Steffen Joachim Sonnentag
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems - Functional Molecular Systems, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sven Máté Treffert
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems - Functional Molecular Systems, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Véronique Orian-Rousseau
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems - Functional Molecular Systems, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany.
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5
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Melrose J. Hippo cell signaling and HS-proteoglycans regulate tissue form and function, age-dependent maturation, extracellular matrix remodeling, and repair. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C810-C828. [PMID: 38223931 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00683.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
This review examined how Hippo cell signaling and heparan sulfate (HS)-proteoglycans (HSPGs) regulate tissue form and function. Despite being a nonweight-bearing tissue, the brain is regulated by Hippo mechanoresponsive cell signaling pathways during embryonic development. HS-proteoglycans interact with growth factors, morphogens, and extracellular matrix components to regulate development and pathology. Pikachurin and Eyes shut (Eys) interact with dystroglycan to stabilize the photoreceptor axoneme primary cilium and ribbon synapse facilitating phototransduction and neurotransduction with bipolar retinal neuronal networks in ocular vision, the primary human sense. Another HSPG, Neurexin interacts with structural and adaptor proteins to stabilize synapses and ensure specificity of neural interactions, and aids in synaptic potentiation and plasticity in neurotransduction. HSPGs also stabilize the blood-brain barrier and motor neuron basal structures in the neuromuscular junction. Agrin and perlecan localize acetylcholinesterase and its receptors in the neuromuscular junction essential for neuromuscular control. The primary cilium is a mechanosensory hub on neurons, utilized by YES associated protein (YAP)-transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) Hippo, Hh, Wnt, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β/bone matrix protein (BMP) receptor tyrosine kinase cell signaling. Members of the glypican HSPG proteoglycan family interact with Smoothened and Patched G-protein coupled receptors on the cilium to regulate Hh and Wnt signaling during neuronal development. Control of glycosyl sulfotransferases and endogenous protease expression by Hippo TAZ YAP represents a mechanism whereby the fine structure of HS-proteoglycans can be potentially modulated spatiotemporally to regulate tissue morphogenesis in a similar manner to how Hippo signaling controls sialyltransferase expression and mediation of cell-cell recognition, dysfunctional sialic acid expression is a feature of many tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Melrose
- Raymond Purves Laboratory, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School-Northern, University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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6
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Sao K, Risbud MV. Proteoglycan Dysfunction: A Common Link Between Intervertebral Disc Degeneration and Skeletal Dysplasia. Neurospine 2024; 21:162-178. [PMID: 38569642 PMCID: PMC10992626 DOI: 10.14245/ns.2347342.671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Proteoglycans through their sulfated glycosaminoglycans regulate cell-matrix signaling during tissue development, regeneration, and degeneration processes. Large extracellular proteoglycans such as aggrecan, versican, and perlecan are especially important for the structural integrity of the intervertebral disc and cartilage during development. In these tissues, proteoglycans are responsible for hydration, joint flexibility, and the absorption of mechanical loads. Loss or reduction of these molecules can lead to disc degeneration and skeletal dysplasia, evident from loss of disc height or defects in skeletal development respectively. In this review, we discuss the common proteoglycans found in the disc and cartilage and elaborate on various murine models and skeletal dysplasias in humans to highlight how their absence and/or aberrant expression causes accelerated disc degeneration and developmental defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimheak Sao
- Graduate Program in Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Jefferson College of Life Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Makarand V. Risbud
- Graduate Program in Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Jefferson College of Life Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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7
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Saravi B, Goebel U, Hassenzahl LO, Jung C, David S, Feldheiser A, Stopfkuchen-Evans M, Wollborn J. Capillary leak and endothelial permeability in critically ill patients: a current overview. Intensive Care Med Exp 2023; 11:96. [PMID: 38117435 PMCID: PMC10733291 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-023-00582-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Capillary leak syndrome (CLS) represents a phenotype of increased fluid extravasation, resulting in intravascular hypovolemia, extravascular edema formation and ultimately hypoperfusion. While endothelial permeability is an evolutionary preserved physiological process needed to sustain life, excessive fluid leak-often caused by systemic inflammation-can have detrimental effects on patients' outcomes. This article delves into the current understanding of CLS pathophysiology, diagnosis and potential treatments. Systemic inflammation leading to a compromise of endothelial cell interactions through various signaling cues (e.g., the angiopoietin-Tie2 pathway), and shedding of the glycocalyx collectively contribute to the manifestation of CLS. Capillary permeability subsequently leads to the seepage of protein-rich fluid into the interstitial space. Recent insights into the importance of the sub-glycocalyx space and preserving lymphatic flow are highlighted for an in-depth understanding. While no established diagnostic criteria exist and CLS is frequently diagnosed by clinical characteristics only, we highlight more objective serological and (non)-invasive measurements that hint towards a CLS phenotype. While currently available treatment options are limited, we further review understanding of fluid resuscitation and experimental approaches to target endothelial permeability. Despite the improved understanding of CLS pathophysiology, efforts are needed to develop uniform diagnostic criteria, associate clinical consequences to these criteria, and delineate treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Saravi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Goebel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, St. Franziskus-Hospital, Muenster, Germany
| | - Lars O Hassenzahl
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christian Jung
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Sascha David
- Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aarne Feldheiser
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, Evang. Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Huyssens-Stiftung/Knappschaft, University of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Stopfkuchen-Evans
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jakob Wollborn
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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8
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Maldonado H, Savage BD, Barker HR, May U, Vähätupa M, Badiani RK, Wolanska KI, Turner CMJ, Pemmari T, Ketomäki T, Prince S, Humphries MJ, Ruoslahti E, Morgan MR, Järvinen TAH. Systemically administered wound-homing peptide accelerates wound healing by modulating syndecan-4 function. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8069. [PMID: 38057316 PMCID: PMC10700342 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43848-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
CAR (CARSKNKDC) is a wound-homing peptide that recognises angiogenic neovessels. Here we discover that systemically administered CAR peptide has inherent ability to promote wound healing: wounds close and re-epithelialise faster in CAR-treated male mice. CAR promotes keratinocyte migration in vitro. The heparan sulfate proteoglycan syndecan-4 regulates cell migration and is crucial for wound healing. We report that syndecan-4 expression is restricted to epidermis and blood vessels in mice skin wounds. Syndecan-4 regulates binding and internalisation of CAR peptide and CAR-mediated cytoskeletal remodelling. CAR induces syndecan-4-dependent activation of the small GTPase ARF6, via the guanine nucleotide exchange factor cytohesin-2, and promotes syndecan-4-, ARF6- and Cytohesin-2-mediated keratinocyte migration. Finally, we show that genetic ablation of syndecan-4 in male mice eliminates CAR-induced wound re-epithelialisation following systemic administration. We propose that CAR peptide activates syndecan-4 functions to selectively promote re-epithelialisation. Thus, CAR peptide provides a therapeutic approach to enhance wound healing in mice; systemic, yet target organ- and cell-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Horacio Maldonado
- Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Bryan D Savage
- Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Harlan R Barker
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University & Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ulrike May
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University & Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Maria Vähätupa
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University & Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Rahul K Badiani
- Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Katarzyna I Wolanska
- Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Craig M J Turner
- Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Toini Pemmari
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University & Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tuomo Ketomäki
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University & Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Stuart Prince
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University & Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Martin J Humphries
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Erkki Ruoslahti
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA and Center for Nanomedicine, University of California (UCSB), Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Mark R Morgan
- Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Tero A H Järvinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University & Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA and Center for Nanomedicine, University of California (UCSB), Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
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9
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Xie C, Schaefer L, Iozzo RV. Global impact of proteoglycan science on human diseases. iScience 2023; 26:108095. [PMID: 37867945 PMCID: PMC10589900 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In this comprehensive review, we will dissect the impact of research on proteoglycans focusing on recent developments involved in their synthesis, degradation, and interactions, while critically assessing their usefulness in various biological processes. The emerging roles of proteoglycans in global infections, specifically the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, and their rising functions in regenerative medicine and biomaterial science have significantly affected our current view of proteoglycans and related compounds. The roles of proteoglycans in cancer biology and their potential use as a next-generation protein-based adjuvant therapy to combat cancer is also emerging as a constructive and potentially beneficial therapeutic strategy. We will discuss the role of proteoglycans in selected and emerging areas of proteoglycan science, such as neurodegenerative diseases, autophagy, angiogenesis, cancer, infections and their impact on mammalian diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Xie
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, the Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Liliana Schaefer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Renato V. Iozzo
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, the Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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10
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Nemska S, Serio S, Larcher V, Beltrame G, Portinaro NM, Bang ML. Whole Genome Expression Profiling of Semitendinosus Tendons from Children with Diplegic and Tetraplegic Cerebral Palsy. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2918. [PMID: 38001919 PMCID: PMC10669597 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11112918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common movement disorder in children, with a prevalence ranging from 1.5 to 4 per 1000 live births. CP is caused by a non-progressive lesion of the developing brain, leading to progressive alterations of the musculoskeletal system, including spasticity, often leading to the development of fixed contractures, necessitating tendon lengthening surgery. Total RNA-sequencing analysis was performed on semitendinosus tendons from diplegic and tetraplegic CP patients subjected to tendon lengthening surgery compared to control patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstructive surgery. Tetraplegic CP patients showed increased expression of genes implicated in collagen synthesis and extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover, while only minor changes were observed in diplegic CP patients. In addition, tendons from tetraplegic CP patients showed an enrichment for upregulated genes involved in vesicle-mediated transport and downregulated genes involved in cytokine and apoptotic signaling. Overall, our results indicate increased ECM turnover with increased net synthesis of collagen in tetraplegic CP patients without activation of inflammatory and apoptotic pathways, similar to observations in athletes where ECM remodeling results in increased tendon stiffness and tensile strength. Nevertheless, the resulting increased tendon stiffness is an important issue in clinical practice, where surgery is often required to restore joint mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Nemska
- Milan Unit, Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB), National Research Council (CNR), 20138 Milan, Italy; (S.N.); (S.S.)
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Simone Serio
- Milan Unit, Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB), National Research Council (CNR), 20138 Milan, Italy; (S.N.); (S.S.)
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Veronica Larcher
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany;
| | - Giulia Beltrame
- Residency Program in Orthopedics and Traumatology, University of Milan, 20100 Milan, Italy;
| | - Nicola Marcello Portinaro
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Marie-Louise Bang
- Milan Unit, Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB), National Research Council (CNR), 20138 Milan, Italy; (S.N.); (S.S.)
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
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11
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Nitti P, Narayanan A, Pellegrino R, Villani S, Madaghiele M, Demitri C. Cell-Tissue Interaction: The Biomimetic Approach to Design Tissue Engineered Biomaterials. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1122. [PMID: 37892852 PMCID: PMC10604880 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10101122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The advancement achieved in Tissue Engineering is based on a careful and in-depth study of cell-tissue interactions. The choice of a specific biomaterial in Tissue Engineering is fundamental, as it represents an interface for adherent cells in the creation of a microenvironment suitable for cell growth and differentiation. The knowledge of the biochemical and biophysical properties of the extracellular matrix is a useful tool for the optimization of polymeric scaffolds. This review aims to analyse the chemical, physical, and biological parameters on which are possible to act in Tissue Engineering for the optimization of polymeric scaffolds and the most recent progress presented in this field, including the novelty in the modification of the scaffolds' bulk and surface from a chemical and physical point of view to improve cell-biomaterial interaction. Moreover, we underline how understanding the impact of scaffolds on cell fate is of paramount importance for the successful advancement of Tissue Engineering. Finally, we conclude by reporting the future perspectives in this field in continuous development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Nitti
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (A.N.); (R.P.); (S.V.); (M.M.); (C.D.)
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12
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Letoha A, Hudák A, Letoha T. Exploring the Syndecan-Mediated Cellular Internalization of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14140. [PMID: 37762442 PMCID: PMC10531417 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 variants evolve to rely more on heparan sulfate (HS) for viral attachment and subsequent infection. In our earlier work, we demonstrated that the Delta variant's spike protein binds more strongly to HS compared to WT SARS-CoV-2, leading to enhanced cell internalization via syndecans (SDCs), a family of transmembrane HS proteoglycans (HSPGs) facilitating the cellular entry of the original strain. Using our previously established ACE2- or SDC-overexpressing cellular models, we now compare the ACE2- and SDC-dependent cellular uptake of heat-inactivated WT SARS-CoV-2 with the Delta and Omicron variants. Internalization studies with inactivated virus particles showed that ACE2 overexpression could not compensate for the loss of HS in Omicron's internalization, suggesting that this variant primarily uses HSPGs to enter cells. Although SDCs increased the internalization of all three viruses, subtle differences could be detected between their SDC isoform preferences. The Delta variant particularly benefitted from SDC1, 2, and 4 overexpression for cellular entry, while SDC4 had the most prominent effect on Omicron internalization. The SDC4 knockdown (KD) in Calu-3 cells reduced the cellular uptake of all three viruses, but the inhibition was the most pronounced for Omicron. The polyanionic heparin also hindered the cellular internalization of all three viruses with a dominant inhibitory effect on Omicron. Omicron's predominant HSPG affinity, combined with its preference for the universally expressed SDC4, might account for its efficient transmission yet reduced pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamária Letoha
- Department of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary;
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13
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Crocco P, Vecchie D, Gopalkrishna S, Dato S, Passarino G, Young ME, Nagareddy PR, Rose G, De Luca M. Syndecan-4 as a genetic determinant of the metabolic syndrome. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2023; 15:156. [PMID: 37461091 PMCID: PMC10351106 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-023-01132-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Syndecan-4 (SDC4) is a member of the heparan sulfate proteoglycan family of cell-surface receptors. We and others previously reported that variation in the SDC4 gene was associated with several components of the metabolic syndrome, including intra-abdominal fat, fasting glucose and triglyceride levels, and hypertension, in human cohorts. Additionally, we demonstrated that high fat diet (HFD)-induced obese female mice with a Sdc4 genetic deletion had higher visceral adiposity and a worse metabolic profile than control mice. Here, we aimed to first investigate whether the mouse Sdc4 null mutation impacts metabolic phenotypes in a sex- and diet-dependent manner. We then tested whether SDC4 polymorphisms are related to the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in humans. METHODS For the mouse experiment, Sdc4-deficient (Sdc4-/-) and wild-type (WT) mice were treated with 14-weeks of low-fat diet (LFD). Body composition, energy balance, and selected metabolic phenotypes were assessed. For the human genetic study, we used logistic regression models to test 11 SDC4 SNPs for association with the MetS and its components in a cohort of 274 (113 with MetS) elderly subjects from southern Italy. RESULTS Following the dietary intervention in mice, we observed that the effects of the Sdc4 null mutation on several phenotypes were different from those previously reported in the mice kept on an HFD. Nonetheless, LFD-fed female Sdc4-/- mice, but not males, displayed higher levels of triglycerides and lower insulin sensitivity at fasting than WT mice, as seen earlier in the HFD conditions. In the parallel human study, we found that carriers of SDC4 rs2228384 allele C and rs2072785 allele T had reduced risk of MetS. The opposite was true for carriers of the SDC4 rs1981429 allele G. Additionally, the SNPs were found related to fasting triglyceride levels and triglyceride glucose (TyG) index, a reliable indicator of insulin resistance, with sex-stratified analysis detecting the association of rs1981429 with these phenotypes only in females. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our results suggest that SDC4 is an evolutionary conserved genetic determinant of MetS and that its genetic variation is associated with fasting triglyceride levels in a female-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolina Crocco
- Department of Biology, Ecology, and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, 87036, Italy
| | - Denise Vecchie
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Sreejit Gopalkrishna
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Serena Dato
- Department of Biology, Ecology, and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, 87036, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Passarino
- Department of Biology, Ecology, and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, 87036, Italy
| | - Martin E Young
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Prabhakara R Nagareddy
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Giuseppina Rose
- Department of Biology, Ecology, and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, 87036, Italy.
| | - Maria De Luca
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
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14
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Sembajwe LF, Ssekandi AM, Namaganda A, Muwonge H, Kasolo JN, Kalyesubula R, Nakimuli A, Naome M, Patel KP, Masenga SK, Kirabo A. Glycocalyx-Sodium Interaction in Vascular Endothelium. Nutrients 2023; 15:2873. [PMID: 37447199 PMCID: PMC10343370 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The glycocalyx generally covers almost all cellular surfaces, where it participates in mediating cell-surface interactions with the extracellular matrix as well as with intracellular signaling molecules. The endothelial glycocalyx that covers the luminal surface mediates the interactions of endothelial cells with materials flowing in the circulating blood, including blood cells. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. The cardiovascular risk factors start by causing endothelial cell dysfunction associated with destruction or irregular maintenance of the glycocalyx, which may culminate into a full-blown cardiovascular disease. The endothelial glycocalyx plays a crucial role in shielding the cell from excessive exposure and absorption of excessive salt, which can potentially cause damage to the endothelial cells and underlying tissues of the blood vessels. So, in this mini review/commentary, we delineate and provide a concise summary of the various components of the glycocalyx, their interaction with salt, and subsequent involvement in the cardiovascular disease process. We also highlight the major components of the glycocalyx that could be used as disease biomarkers or as drug targets in the management of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Fred Sembajwe
- Department of Medical Physiology, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala P.O. Box 7072, Uganda; (A.M.S.); (A.N.); (H.M.); (J.N.K.); (R.K.)
| | - Abdul M. Ssekandi
- Department of Medical Physiology, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala P.O. Box 7072, Uganda; (A.M.S.); (A.N.); (H.M.); (J.N.K.); (R.K.)
| | - Agnes Namaganda
- Department of Medical Physiology, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala P.O. Box 7072, Uganda; (A.M.S.); (A.N.); (H.M.); (J.N.K.); (R.K.)
| | - Haruna Muwonge
- Department of Medical Physiology, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala P.O. Box 7072, Uganda; (A.M.S.); (A.N.); (H.M.); (J.N.K.); (R.K.)
| | - Josephine N. Kasolo
- Department of Medical Physiology, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala P.O. Box 7072, Uganda; (A.M.S.); (A.N.); (H.M.); (J.N.K.); (R.K.)
| | - Robert Kalyesubula
- Department of Medical Physiology, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala P.O. Box 7072, Uganda; (A.M.S.); (A.N.); (H.M.); (J.N.K.); (R.K.)
| | - Annettee Nakimuli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala P.O. Box 7072, Uganda;
| | - Mwesigwa Naome
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
| | - Kaushik P. Patel
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Sepiso K. Masenga
- Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Kabwe P.O. Box 80415, Zambia;
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
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15
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Ricard-Blum S, Couchman JR. Conformations, interactions and functions of intrinsically disordered syndecans. Biochem Soc Trans 2023:BST20221085. [PMID: 37334846 DOI: 10.1042/bst20221085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Syndecans are transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycans present on most mammalian cell surfaces. They have a long evolutionary history, a single syndecan gene being expressed in bilaterian invertebrates. Syndecans have attracted interest because of their potential roles in development and disease, including vascular diseases, inflammation and various cancers. Recent structural data is providing important insights into their functions, which are complex, involving both intrinsic signaling through cytoplasmic binding partners and co-operative mechanisms where syndecans form a signaling nexus with other receptors such as integrins and tyrosine kinase growth factor receptors. While the cytoplasmic domain of syndecan-4 has a well-defined dimeric structure, the syndecan ectodomains are intrinsically disordered, which is linked to a capacity to interact with multiple partners. However, it remains to fully establish the impact of glycanation and partner proteins on syndecan core protein conformations. Genetic models indicate that a conserved property of syndecans links the cytoskeleton to calcium channels of the transient receptor potential class, compatible with roles as mechanosensors. In turn, syndecans influence actin cytoskeleton organization to impact motility, adhesion and the extracellular matrix environment. Syndecan clustering with other cell surface receptors into signaling microdomains has relevance to tissue differentiation in development, for example in stem cells, but also in disease where syndecan expression can be markedly up-regulated. Since syndecans have potential as diagnostic and prognostic markers as well as possible targets in some forms of cancer, it remains important to unravel structure/function relationships in the four mammalian syndecans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Ricard-Blum
- ICBMS, UMR 5246 CNRS, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - John R Couchman
- Biotech Research & Innovation Center, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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16
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HS, an Ancient Molecular Recognition and Information Storage Glycosaminoglycan, Equips HS-Proteoglycans with Diverse Matrix and Cell-Interactive Properties Operative in Tissue Development and Tissue Function in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021148. [PMID: 36674659 PMCID: PMC9867265 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate is a ubiquitous, variably sulfated interactive glycosaminoglycan that consists of repeating disaccharides of glucuronic acid and glucosamine that are subject to a number of modifications (acetylation, de-acetylation, epimerization, sulfation). Variable heparan sulfate chain lengths and sequences within the heparan sulfate chains provide structural diversity generating interactive oligosaccharide binding motifs with a diverse range of extracellular ligands and cellular receptors providing instructional cues over cellular behaviour and tissue homeostasis through the regulation of essential physiological processes in development, health, and disease. heparan sulfate and heparan sulfate-PGs are integral components of the specialized glycocalyx surrounding cells. Heparan sulfate is the most heterogeneous glycosaminoglycan, in terms of its sequence and biosynthetic modifications making it a difficult molecule to fully characterize, multiple ligands also make an elucidation of heparan sulfate functional properties complicated. Spatio-temporal presentation of heparan sulfate sulfate groups is an important functional determinant in tissue development and in cellular control of wound healing and extracellular remodelling in pathological tissues. The regulatory properties of heparan sulfate are mediated via interactions with chemokines, chemokine receptors, growth factors and morphogens in cell proliferation, differentiation, development, tissue remodelling, wound healing, immune regulation, inflammation, and tumour development. A greater understanding of these HS interactive processes will improve therapeutic procedures and prognoses. Advances in glycosaminoglycan synthesis and sequencing, computational analytical carbohydrate algorithms and advanced software for the evaluation of molecular docking of heparan sulfate with its molecular partners are now available. These advanced analytic techniques and artificial intelligence offer predictive capability in the elucidation of heparan sulfate conformational effects on heparan sulfate-ligand interactions significantly aiding heparan sulfate therapeutics development.
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17
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Li L, Cook C, Liu Y, Li J, Jiang J, Li S. Endothelial glycocalyx in hepatopulmonary syndrome: An indispensable player mediating vascular changes. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1039618. [PMID: 36618396 PMCID: PMC9815560 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1039618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a serious pulmonary vascular complication that causes respiratory insufficiency in patients with chronic liver diseases. HPS is characterized by two central pathogenic features-intrapulmonary vascular dilatation (IPVD) and angiogenesis. Endothelial glycocalyx (eGCX) is a gel-like layer covering the luminal surface of blood vessels which is involved in a variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes including controlling vascular tone and angiogenesis. In terms of lung disorders, it has been well established that eGCX contributes to dysregulated vascular contraction and impaired blood-gas barrier and fluid clearance, and thus might underlie the pathogenesis of HPS. Additionally, pharmacological interventions targeting eGCX are dramatically on the rise. In this review, we aim to elucidate the potential role of eGCX in IPVD and angiogenesis and describe the possible degradation-reconstitution equilibrium of eGCX during HPS through a highlight of recent literature. These studies strongly underscore the therapeutic rationale in targeting eGCX for the treatment of HPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China,*Correspondence: Liang Li, ; Shaomin Li,
| | - Christopher Cook
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Yale Liu
- Department of Dermatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianzhong Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiantao Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shaomin Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China,*Correspondence: Liang Li, ; Shaomin Li,
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18
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Keys HR, Knouse KA. Genome-scale CRISPR screening in a single mouse liver. CELL GENOMICS 2022; 2:100217. [PMID: 36643909 PMCID: PMC9835819 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2022.100217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A complete understanding of the genetic determinants underlying mammalian physiology and disease is limited by the capacity for high-throughput genetic dissection in the living organism. Genome-wide CRISPR screening is a powerful method for uncovering the genetic regulation of cellular processes, but the need to stably deliver single guide RNAs to millions of cells has largely restricted its implementation to ex vivo systems. There thus remains a need for accessible high-throughput functional genomics in vivo. Here, we establish genome-wide screening in the liver of a single mouse and use this approach to uncover regulation of hepatocyte fitness. We uncover pathways not identified in cell culture screens, underscoring the power of genetic dissection in the organism. The approach we developed is accessible, scalable, and adaptable to diverse phenotypes and applications. We have hereby established a foundation for high-throughput functional genomics in a living mammal, enabling comprehensive investigation of physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather R. Keys
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Kristin A. Knouse
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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19
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Feng Q, Si Y, Zhu L, Wang F, Fang J, Pan C, Gao X, Liu W. Anti-inflammatory effects of a SERP 30 polysaccharide from the residue of Sarcandra glabra against lipopolysaccharide-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 293:115262. [PMID: 35398243 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sarcandra glabra (Thunb.) Nakai, a valuable dietetic Chinese herb, is still widely used today. Multiple ingredients of S. glabra with a variety of activities such as anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antitumor were studied. However, the Sarcandra glabra (Thunb.) Nakai polysaccharide hasn't been reported for its anti-inflammatory effect. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, the anti-inflammatory activity of Sarcandra glabra (Thunb.) Nakai polysaccharide was assessed in LPS-induced ARDS mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS A polysaccharide coded as SERP 30 was obtained by water extraction, alcohol precipitation, and gel filtration. After the physicochemical properties determination and structural characterization, LPS induced-mice ARDS model was used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and associated antioxidant activities of SERP 30. H&E staining was used to observe the seriousness of lung injury in mice. The ELISA method was used to measure the expression of inflammatory factors (TNF-α and IL-6) in the serum of the mice. The TBA method and the WST-1 method were used to evaluate the oxidative stress injury. Immunohistochemistry was used to distinguish the expression of metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), heparinase (HPA), syndecan-1, and decorin in ARDS-mice lung tissue. Western blotting was used to confirm the expression of related proteins in mouse lung tissue. RESULTS SERP 30 had a potential role in improving lung damage, reducing inflammation, and preventing oxidative stress. Moreover, SERP 30 significantly attenuated the damage to the endothelial glycocalyx and maintained the integrity of the glycocalyx. The western blotting result implied that the main anti-inflammatory mechanism is directed towards NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways with inhibiting the activation of associated proteins. CONCLUSION This research provides a theoretical basis for treating ARDS by using a byproduct from food resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Yu Si
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Lingling Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Feng Wang
- Simcere Pharmaceutical Group Limited, Nanjing, 210042, PR China
| | - Junqiang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250000, PR China
| | - Chun Pan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Xiangdong Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China.
| | - Wei Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China.
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20
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De Belly H, Paluch EK, Chalut KJ. Interplay between mechanics and signalling in regulating cell fate. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2022; 23:465-480. [PMID: 35365816 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-022-00472-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical signalling affects multiple biological processes during development and in adult organisms, including cell fate transitions, cell migration, morphogenesis and immune responses. Here, we review recent insights into the mechanisms and functions of two main routes of mechanical signalling: outside-in mechanical signalling, such as mechanosensing of substrate properties or shear stresses; and mechanical signalling regulated by the physical properties of the cell surface itself. We discuss examples of how these two classes of mechanical signalling regulate stem cell function, as well as developmental processes in vivo. We also discuss how cell surface mechanics affects intracellular signalling and, in turn, how intracellular signalling controls cell surface mechanics, generating feedback into the regulation of mechanosensing. The cooperation between mechanosensing, intracellular signalling and cell surface mechanics has a profound impact on biological processes. We discuss here our understanding of how these three elements interact to regulate stem cell fate and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry De Belly
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ewa K Paluch
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Kevin J Chalut
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Wellcome/MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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21
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Shaik F, Balderstone MJM, Arokiasamy S, Whiteford JR. Roles of Syndecan-4 in cardiac injury and repair. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2022; 146:106196. [PMID: 35331918 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2022.106196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The heparan sulphate proteoglycan Syndecan-4 belongs to a 4-member family of transmembrane receptors. Genetic deletion of Syndecan-4 in mice causes negligible developmental abnormalities however when challenged these animals show distinct phenotypes. Synedcan-4 is expressed in many cell types in the heart and its expression is elevated in response to cardiac injury and recent studies have suggested roles for Syndecan-4 in repair mechanisms within the damaged heart. The purpose of this review is to explore these biological insights into the role of Syndecan-4 in both the injured heart and later during cardiac repair and remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faheem Shaik
- William Harvey Research Institute, Centre for Microvascular Research, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Michaela J M Balderstone
- William Harvey Research Institute, Centre for Microvascular Research, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Samantha Arokiasamy
- William Harvey Research Institute, Centre for Microvascular Research, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
| | - James R Whiteford
- William Harvey Research Institute, Centre for Microvascular Research, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
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22
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Vähätupa M, Salonen N, Uusitalo-Järvinen H, Järvinen TAH. Selective Targeting and Tissue Penetration to the Retina by a Systemically Administered Vascular Homing Peptide in Oxygen Induced Retinopathy (OIR). Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111932. [PMID: 34834347 PMCID: PMC8618640 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological angiogenesis is the hallmark of ischemic retinal diseases among them retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) is a pure hypoxia-driven angiogenesis model and a widely used model for ischemic retinopathies. We explored whether the vascular homing peptide CAR (CARSKNKDC) which recognizes angiogenic blood vessels can be used to target the retina in OIR. We were able to demonstrate that the systemically administered CAR vascular homing peptide homed selectively to the preretinal neovessels in OIR. As a cell and tissue-penetrating peptide, CAR also penetrated into the retina. Hyperoxia used to induce OIR in the retina also causes bronchopulmonary dysplasia in the lungs. We showed that the CAR peptide is not targeted to the lungs in normal mice but is targeted to the lungs after hyperoxia-/hypoxia-treatment of the animals. The site-specific delivery of the CAR peptide to the pathologic retinal vasculature and the penetration of the retinal tissue may offer new opportunities for treating retinopathies more selectively and with less side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vähätupa
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland; (M.V.); (N.S.); (H.U.-J.)
| | - Niklas Salonen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland; (M.V.); (N.S.); (H.U.-J.)
| | - Hannele Uusitalo-Järvinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland; (M.V.); (N.S.); (H.U.-J.)
- Eye Centre & Department of Orthopedics & Traumatology, Tampere University Hospital, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Tero A. H. Järvinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland; (M.V.); (N.S.); (H.U.-J.)
- Eye Centre & Department of Orthopedics & Traumatology, Tampere University Hospital, 33520 Tampere, Finland
- Correspondence:
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23
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Syndecan-2 expression enriches for hematopoietic stem cells and regulates stem cell repopulating capacity. Blood 2021; 139:188-204. [PMID: 34767029 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020010447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of novel hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) surface markers can enhance understanding of HSC identity and function. We have discovered a population of primitive bone marrow (BM) HSCs distinguished by their expression of the heparan sulfate proteoglycan, Syndecan-2, which serves as both a marker and regulator of HSC function. Syndecan-2 expression was increased 10-fold in CD150+CD48-CD34-c-Kit+Sca-1+Lineage- cells (long-term - HSCs, LT-HSCs) compared to differentiated hematopoietic cells. Isolation of BM cells based solely on Syndecan-2 surface expression produced a 24-fold enrichment for LT-HSCs, 6-fold enrichment for alpha-catulin+c-kit+ HSCs, and yielded HSCs with superior in vivo repopulating capacity compared to CD150+ cells. Competitive repopulation assays revealed the HSC frequency to be 17-fold higher in Syndecan-2+CD34-KSL cells compared to Syndecan-2-CD34-KSL cells and indistinguishable from CD150+CD34-KSL cells. Syndecan-2 expression also identified nearly all repopulating HSCs within the CD150+CD34-KSL population. Mechanistically, Syndecan-2 regulates HSC repopulating capacity through control of expression of Cdkn1c (p57) and HSC quiescence. Loss of Syndecan-2 expression caused increased HSC cell cycle entry, downregulation of Cdkn1c and loss of HSC long-term - repopulating capacity. Syndecan-2 is a novel marker of HSCs which regulates HSC repopulating capacity via control of HSC quiescence.
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Hayes AJ, Melrose J. Neural Tissue Homeostasis and Repair Is Regulated via CS and DS Proteoglycan Motifs. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:696640. [PMID: 34409033 PMCID: PMC8365427 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.696640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is the most abundant and widely distributed glycosaminoglycan (GAG) in the human body. As a component of proteoglycans (PGs) it has numerous roles in matrix stabilization and cellular regulation. This chapter highlights the roles of CS and CS-PGs in the central and peripheral nervous systems (CNS/PNS). CS has specific cell regulatory roles that control tissue function and homeostasis. The CNS/PNS contains a diverse range of CS-PGs which direct the development of embryonic neural axonal networks, and the responses of neural cell populations in mature tissues to traumatic injury. Following brain trauma and spinal cord injury, a stabilizing CS-PG-rich scar tissue is laid down at the defect site to protect neural tissues, which are amongst the softest tissues of the human body. Unfortunately, the CS concentrated in gliotic scars also inhibits neural outgrowth and functional recovery. CS has well known inhibitory properties over neural behavior, and animal models of CNS/PNS injury have demonstrated that selective degradation of CS using chondroitinase improves neuronal functional recovery. CS-PGs are present diffusely in the CNS but also form denser regions of extracellular matrix termed perineuronal nets which surround neurons. Hyaluronan is immobilized in hyalectan CS-PG aggregates in these perineural structures, which provide neural protection, synapse, and neural plasticity, and have roles in memory and cognitive learning. Despite the generally inhibitory cues delivered by CS-A and CS-C, some CS-PGs containing highly charged CS disaccharides (CS-D, CS-E) or dermatan sulfate (DS) disaccharides that promote neural outgrowth and functional recovery. CS/DS thus has varied cell regulatory properties and structural ECM supportive roles in the CNS/PNS depending on the glycoform present and its location in tissue niches and specific cellular contexts. Studies on the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster and the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans have provided insightful information on neural interconnectivity and the role of the ECM and its PGs in neural development and in tissue morphogenesis in a whole organism environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J. Hayes
- Bioimaging Research Hub, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - James Melrose
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratories, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital and The Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, St. Leonard’s, NSW, Australia
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Redente EF. How Do We Know What We Are Missing? Loss of Signaling through CD148 Drives Fibroblast Activation in Pulmonary Fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 204:249-251. [PMID: 33891825 PMCID: PMC8513589 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202103-0737ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth F Redente
- Department of Pediatrics National Jewish Health Denver, Colorado and.,Department of Medicine University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora, Colorado
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What Are the Potential Roles of Nuclear Perlecan and Other Heparan Sulphate Proteoglycans in the Normal and Malignant Phenotype. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094415. [PMID: 33922532 PMCID: PMC8122901 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent discovery of nuclear and perinuclear perlecan in annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus cells and its known matrix stabilizing properties in tissues introduces the possibility that perlecan may also have intracellular stabilizing or regulatory roles through interactions with nuclear envelope or cytoskeletal proteins or roles in nucleosomal-chromatin organization that may regulate transcriptional factors and modulate gene expression. The nucleus is a mechano-sensor organelle, and sophisticated dynamic mechanoresponsive cytoskeletal and nuclear envelope components support and protect the nucleus, allowing it to perceive and respond to mechano-stimulation. This review speculates on the potential roles of perlecan in the nucleus based on what is already known about nuclear heparan sulphate proteoglycans. Perlecan is frequently found in the nuclei of tumour cells; however, its specific role in these diseased tissues is largely unknown. The aim of this review is to highlight probable roles for this intriguing interactive regulatory proteoglycan in the nucleus of normal and malignant cell types.
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Amran A, Pigatto L, Pocock R, Gopal S. Functions of the extracellular matrix in development: Lessons from Caenorhabditis elegans. Cell Signal 2021; 84:110006. [PMID: 33857577 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cell-extracellular matrix interactions are crucial for the development of an organism from the earliest stages of embryogenesis. The main constituents of the extracellular matrix are collagens, laminins, proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans that form a network of interactions. The extracellular matrix and its associated molecules provide developmental cues and structural support from the outside of cells during development. The complex nature of the extracellular matrix and its ability for continuous remodeling poses challenges when investigating extracellular matrix-based signaling during development. One way to address these challenges is to employ invertebrate models such as Caenorhabditis elegans, which are easy to genetically manipulate and have an invariant developmental program. C. elegans also expresses fewer extracellular matrix protein isoforms and exhibits reduced redundancy compared to mammalian models, thus providing a simpler platform for exploring development. This review summarizes our current understanding of how the extracellular matrix controls the development of neurons, muscles and the germline in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqilah Amran
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Lara Pigatto
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Roger Pocock
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Sandeep Gopal
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia; Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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Syndecan-1 (CD138), Carcinomas and EMT. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084227. [PMID: 33921767 PMCID: PMC8072910 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell surface proteoglycans are known to be important regulators of many aspects of cell behavior. The principal family of transmembrane proteoglycans is the syndecans, of which there are four in mammals. Syndecan-1 is mostly restricted to epithelia, and bears heparan sulfate chains that are capable of interacting with a large array of polypeptides, including extracellular matrix components and potent mediators of proliferation, adhesion and migration. For this reason, it has been studied extensively with respect to carcinomas and tumor progression. Frequently, but not always, syndecan-1 levels decrease as tumor grade, stage and invasiveness and dedifferentiation increase. This parallels experiments that show depletion of syndecan-1 can be accompanied by loss of cadherin-mediated adhesion. However, in some tumors, levels of syndecan-1 increase, but the characterization of its distribution is relevant. There can be loss of membrane staining, but acquisition of cytoplasmic and/or nuclear staining that is abnormal. Moreover, the appearance of syndecan-1 in the tumor stroma, either associated with its cellular component or the collagenous matrix, is nearly always a sign of poor prognosis. Given its relevance to myeloma progression, syndecan-1-directed antibody—toxin conjugates are being tested in clinical and preclinical trials, and may have future relevance to some carcinomas.
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