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Wahart AC, Beardmore LND, Field RA, Cosgrove SC, Miller GJ. Tandem One-Pot Biocatalytic Oxidation and Wittig Reaction in Water. Org Lett 2024; 26:6642-6646. [PMID: 39075662 PMCID: PMC11320638 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
We explore biocatalytic aldehyde generation under aqueous conditions, concomitantly delivering access to a one-pot Wittig reaction using stabilized phosphoranes and granting diverse alkene products. Using a recombinant choline oxidase mutant, we first undertake biocatalytic alcohol oxidation across a range of functional aliphatic primary alcohols, demonstrating a remarkable substrate tolerance for this enzyme, including chloride, bromide, azide, S-methyl, and alkynyl groups. Following this, we extend capability and deliver a practicable milligram-scale one-pot Wittig reaction in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice
J. C. Wahart
- School
of Chemical and Physical Sciences and Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, U.K.
| | - Liam N. D. Beardmore
- School
of Chemical and Physical Sciences and Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, U.K.
| | - Robert A. Field
- Department
of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K.
| | - Sebastian C. Cosgrove
- School
of Chemical and Physical Sciences and Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, U.K.
| | - Gavin J. Miller
- School
of Chemical and Physical Sciences and Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, U.K.
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2
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Fong JK, Mathieu Y, Vo MT, Bellemare A, Tsang A, Brumer H. Expansion of Auxiliary Activity Family 5 sequence space via biochemical characterization of six new copper radical oxidases. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0101424. [PMID: 38953370 PMCID: PMC11267884 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01014-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacterial and fungal copper radical oxidases (CROs) from Auxiliary Activity Family 5 (AA5) are implicated in morphogenesis and pathogenesis. The unique catalytic properties of CROs also make these enzymes attractive biocatalysts for the transformation of small molecules and biopolymers. Despite a recent increase in the number of characterized AA5 members, especially from subfamily 2 (AA5_2), the catalytic diversity of the family as a whole remains underexplored. In the present study, phylogenetic analysis guided the selection of six AA5_2 members from diverse fungi for recombinant expression in Komagataella pfaffii (syn. Pichia pastoris) and biochemical characterization in vitro. Five of the targets displayed predominant galactose 6-oxidase activity (EC 1.1.3.9), and one was a broad-specificity aryl alcohol oxidase (EC 1.1.3.7) with maximum activity on the platform chemical 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (EC 1.1.3.47). Sequence alignment comparing previously characterized AA5_2 members to those from this study indicated various amino acid substitutions at active site positions implicated in the modulation of specificity.IMPORTANCEEnzyme discovery and characterization underpin advances in microbial biology and the application of biocatalysts in industrial processes. On one hand, oxidative processes are central to fungal saprotrophy and pathogenesis. On the other hand, controlled oxidation of small molecules and (bio)polymers valorizes these compounds and introduces versatile functional groups for further modification. The biochemical characterization of six new copper radical oxidases further illuminates the catalytic diversity of these enzymes, which will inform future biological studies and biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica K. Fong
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yann Mathieu
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Minh Tri Vo
- Centre for Structural and Functional Genomics, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Annie Bellemare
- Centre for Structural and Functional Genomics, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Adrian Tsang
- Centre for Structural and Functional Genomics, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Harry Brumer
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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3
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Vikhrankar SS, Satbhai S, Kulkarni P, Ranbhor R, Ramakrishnan V, Kodgire P. Enzymatic Routes for Chiral Amine Synthesis: Protein Engineering and Process Optimization. Biologics 2024; 18:165-179. [PMID: 38948006 PMCID: PMC11214570 DOI: 10.2147/btt.s446712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Chiral amines are essential motifs in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and specialty chemicals. While traditional chemical routes to chiral amines often lack stereoselectivity and require harsh conditions, biocatalytic methods using engineered enzymes can offer high efficiency and selectivity under sustainable conditions. This review discusses recent advances in protein engineering of transaminases, oxidases, and other enzymes to improve catalytic performance. Strategies such as directed evolution, immobilization, and computational redesign have expanded substrate scope and enhanced efficiency. Furthermore, process optimization guided by techno-economic assessments has been crucial for establishing viable biomanufacturing routes. Combining state-of-the-art enzyme engineering with multifaceted process development will enable scalable, economical enzymatic synthesis of diverse chiral amine targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Vibin Ramakrishnan
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Prashant Kodgire
- Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, MP, India
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4
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Allaert Y, Leyder A, Franceus J, Desmet T. Strategies for the synthesis of the osmolyte glucosylglycerate and its precursor glycerate. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:297. [PMID: 38607564 PMCID: PMC11009771 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13139-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Glycosidic osmolytes are widespread natural compounds that protect microorganisms and their macromolecules from the deleterious effects of various environmental stresses. Their protective properties have attracted considerable interest for industrial applications, especially as active ingredients in cosmetics and healthcare products. In that regard, the osmolyte glucosylglycerate is somewhat overlooked. Glucosylglycerate is typically accumulated by certain organisms when they are exposed to high salinity and nitrogen starvation, and its potent stabilizing effects have been demonstrated in vitro. However, the applications of this osmolyte have not been thoroughly explored due to the lack of a cost-efficient production process. Here, we present an overview of the progress that has been made in developing promising strategies for the synthesis of glucosylglycerate and its precursor glycerate, and discuss the remaining challenges. KEY POINTS: • Bacterial milking could be explored for fermentative production of glucosylglycerate • Glycoside phosphorylases of GH13_18 represent attractive alternatives for biocatalytic production • Conversion of glycerol with alditol oxidase is a promising strategy for generating the precursor glycerate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yentl Allaert
- Centre for Synthetic Biology (CSB), Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Arthur Leyder
- Centre for Synthetic Biology (CSB), Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jorick Franceus
- Centre for Synthetic Biology (CSB), Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Desmet
- Centre for Synthetic Biology (CSB), Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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5
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Kaushik S, Rameshwari R, Chapadgaonkar SS. The in-silico study of the structural changes in the Arthrobacter globiformis choline oxidase induced by high temperature. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2024; 22:100348. [PMID: 38494262 PMCID: PMC10980864 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2023.100348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Choline oxidase, a flavoprotein, is an enzyme that catalyzes the reaction which converts choline into glycine betaine. Choline oxidase started its journey way back in 1933. However, the impact of the high temperature on its structure has not been explored despite the long history and availability of its crystal structure. Both choline oxidase and its product, glycine betaine, have enormous applications spanning across multiple industries. Understanding how the 3D structure of the enzyme will change with the temperature change can open new ways to make it more stable and useful for industry. PROCESS This research paper presents the in-silico study and analysis of the structural changes of A. globiformis choline oxidase at temperatures from 25 °C to 60 °C. A step-wise process is depicted in Fig. 1. RESULTS Multiple sequence alignment (MSA) of 11 choline oxidase sequences from different bacteria vs Arthrobacter globiformis choline oxidase showed that active site residues are highly conserved. The available crystal structure of A. globiformis choline oxidase with cofactor Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD) in the dimeric state (PDB ID: 4MJW)1 was considered for molecular dynamics simulations. A simulated annealing option was used to gradually increase the temperature of the system from 25 °C to 60 °C. Analysis of the conserved residues, as well as residues involved in Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD) binding, substrate binding, substate gating, and dimer formationwas done. At high temperatures, the formation of the inter-chain salt bridge between Arg50 and Glu63 was a significant observation near the active site of choline oxidase. CONCLUSION Molecular dynamics studies suggest that an increase in temperature has a significant impact on the extended Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD) binding region. These changes interfere with the entry of substrate to the active site of the enzyme and make the enzyme inactive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Kaushik
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Rashmi Rameshwari
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies, Faridabad, Haryana, India.
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Wahart AJC, Dolan JP, Anderson SD, Cheallaigh AN, Staniland J, Lima MA, Skidmore MA, Miller GJ, Cosgrove SC. Harnessing a Biocatalyst to Bioremediate the Purification of Alkylglycosides. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202300625. [PMID: 37830893 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
As the world moves towards net-zero carbon emissions, the development of sustainable chemical manufacturing processes is essential. Within manufacturing, purification by distillation is often used, however this process is energy intensive and methods that could obviate or reduce its use are desirable. Developed herein is an alternative, oxidative biocatalytic approach that enables purification of alkyl monoglucosides (essential bio-based surfactant components). Implementing an immobilised engineered alcohol oxidase, a long-chain alcohol by-product derived from alkyl monoglucoside synthesis (normally removed by distillation) is selectively oxidised to an aldehyde, conjugated to an amine resin and then removed by simple filtration. This affords recovery of the purified alkyl monoglucoside. The approach lays a blueprint for further development of sustainable alkylglycoside purification using biocatalysis and, importantly, for refining other important chemical feedstocks that currently rely on distillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice J C Wahart
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical & Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
- Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Jonathan P Dolan
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical & Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
- Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Simon D Anderson
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical & Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
- Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Aisling Ní Cheallaigh
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical & Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
- Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Jessica Staniland
- Croda Europe Ltd., Croda Europe Ltd., Cowick Hall, Snaith, Goole, DN14 9AA, UK
| | - Marcelo A Lima
- Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
- School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Mark A Skidmore
- Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
- School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Gavin J Miller
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical & Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
- Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Sebastian C Cosgrove
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical & Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
- Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
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Lorente-Arevalo A, Orellana G, Ladero M, Bolivar JM. Overcoming Biochemical Limitations of Galactose Oxidase through the Design of a Solid-Supported Self-Sufficient Biocatalyst. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300421. [PMID: 37782555 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Galactose Oxidase (GalOx) has gained significant interest in biocatalysis due to its ability for selective oxidation beyond the natural oxidation of galactose, enabling the production of valuable derivatives. However, the practical application of GalOx has been hindered by the limited availability of active and stable biocatalysts, as well as the inherent biochemical limitations such as oxygen (O2 ) dependency and the need for activation. In this study, we addressed these challenges by immobilizing GalOx into agarose-based and Purolite supports to enhance its activity and stability. Additionally, we identified and quantified the oxygen supply limitation into solid catalysts by intraparticle oxygen sensing showing a trade-off between the amount of protein loaded onto the solid support and the catalytic effectiveness of the immobilized enzyme. Furthermore, we coimmobilized a heme-containing protein along with the enzyme to function as an activator. To evaluate the practical application of the immobilized GalOx, we conducted the oxidation of galactose in an instrumented aerated reactor. The results showcased the efficient performance of the immobilized enzyme in the 8 h reaction cycle. Notably, the GalOx immobilized into dextran sulfate-activated agarose exhibited improved stability, overcoming the need for a soluble activator supply, and demonstrated exceptional performance in galactose oxidation. These findings offer promising prospects for the utilization of GalOx in technical biocatalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Lorente-Arevalo
- FQPIMA Group, Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Guillermo Orellana
- Chemical Optosensors & Applied Photochemistry Group (GSOLFA), Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Miguel Ladero
- FQPIMA Group, Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Juan M Bolivar
- FQPIMA Group, Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
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Grace Barrios-Gutiérrez S, Inés Vélez-Mercado M, Rodrigues Ortega J, da Silva Lima A, Luiza da Rocha Fortes Saraiva A, Leila Berto G, Segato F. Oxidative Machinery of basidiomycetes as potential enhancers in lignocellulosic biorefineries: A lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases approach. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 386:129481. [PMID: 37437815 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Basidiomycetes are renowned as highly effective decomposers of plant materials, due to their extensive array of oxidative enzymes, which enable them to efficiently break down complex lignocellulosic biomass structures. Among the oxidative machinery of industrially relevant basidiomycetes, the role of lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMO) in lignocellulosic biomass deconstruction is highlighted. So far, only a limited number of basidiomycetes LPMOs have been identified and heterologously expressed. These LPMOs have presented activity on cellulose and hemicellulose, as well as participation in the deconstruction of lignin. Expanding on this, the current review proposes both enzymatic and non-enzymatic mechanisms of LPMOs for biomass conversion, considering the significance of the Carbohydrate-Binding Modules and other C-terminal regions domains associated with their structure, which is involved in the deconstruction of lignocellulosic biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solange Grace Barrios-Gutiérrez
- Synthetic and Molecular Biology Laboratory (SyMB), Department of Biotechnology, Lorena School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Martha Inés Vélez-Mercado
- Synthetic and Molecular Biology Laboratory (SyMB), Department of Biotechnology, Lorena School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Júlia Rodrigues Ortega
- Synthetic and Molecular Biology Laboratory (SyMB), Department of Biotechnology, Lorena School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Awana da Silva Lima
- Synthetic and Molecular Biology Laboratory (SyMB), Department of Biotechnology, Lorena School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza da Rocha Fortes Saraiva
- Synthetic and Molecular Biology Laboratory (SyMB), Department of Biotechnology, Lorena School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Leila Berto
- Synthetic and Molecular Biology Laboratory (SyMB), Department of Biotechnology, Lorena School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Segato
- Synthetic and Molecular Biology Laboratory (SyMB), Department of Biotechnology, Lorena School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Kyomuhimbo HD, Feleni U, Haneklaus NH, Brink H. Recent Advances in Applications of Oxidases and Peroxidases Polymer-Based Enzyme Biocatalysts in Sensing and Wastewater Treatment: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3492. [PMID: 37631549 PMCID: PMC10460086 DOI: 10.3390/polym15163492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidase and peroxidase enzymes have attracted attention in various biotechnological industries due to their ease of synthesis, wide range of applications, and operation under mild conditions. Their applicability, however, is limited by their poor stability in harsher conditions and their non-reusability. As a result, several approaches such as enzyme engineering, medium engineering, and enzyme immobilization have been used to improve the enzyme properties. Several materials have been used as supports for these enzymes to increase their stability and reusability. This review focusses on the immobilization of oxidase and peroxidase enzymes on metal and metal oxide nanoparticle-polymer composite supports and the different methods used to achieve the immobilization. The application of the enzyme-metal/metal oxide-polymer biocatalysts in biosensing of hydrogen peroxide, glucose, pesticides, and herbicides as well as blood components such as cholesterol, urea, dopamine, and xanthine have been extensively reviewed. The application of the biocatalysts in wastewater treatment through degradation of dyes, pesticides, and other organic compounds has also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilda Dinah Kyomuhimbo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa;
| | - Usisipho Feleni
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida Campus, Roodepoort, Johannesburg 1710, South Africa;
| | - Nils H. Haneklaus
- Transdisciplinarity Laboratory Sustainable Mineral Resources, University for Continuing Education Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria;
| | - Hendrik Brink
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa;
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Feng Y, Shao S, Zhou X, Wei W, Liu X, Tang Y, Hua Y, Zheng J, Zhang Y, Ying X. Enhancing the Catalytic Activity of Glycolate Oxidase from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii through Semi-Rational Design. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1689. [PMID: 37512862 PMCID: PMC10385363 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycolate oxidase is a peroxisomal flavoprotein catalyzing the oxidation of glycolate to glyoxylate and plays crucial metabolic roles in green algae, plants, and animals. It could serve as a biocatalyst for enzymatic production of glyoxylate, a fine chemical with a wide variety of applications in perfumery, flavor, and the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries. However, the low catalytic activity of native glycolate oxidase and low levels of active enzyme in heterologous expression limit its practical use in industrial biocatalysis. Herein, the glycolate oxidase from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (CreGO) was selected through phylogenetic tree analysis, and its low level of soluble expression in E. coli BL21(DE3) was improved through the use of the glutathione thioltransferase (GST), the choice of the vector pET22b and the optimization of induction conditions. The semi-rational design of the fusion enzyme GST-Gly-Ser-Gly-CreGO led to the superior variant GST-Gly-Ser-Gly-CreGO-Y27S/V111G/V212R with the kcat/Km value of 29.2 s-1·mM-1, which was six times higher than that of the wild type. In contrast to GST-Gly-Ser-Gly-CreGO, 5 mg/mL of crude enzyme GST-Gly-Ser-Gly-CreGO-Y27S/V111G/V212R together with 25 μg/mL of catalase catalyzed the oxidation of 300 mM of methyl glycolate for 8 h, increasing the yield from 50.4 to 93.5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingting Feng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Shuai Shao
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xueting Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Wan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yi Tang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yuhao Hua
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jianyong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yinjun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xiangxian Ying
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
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11
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Korsa G, Konwarh R, Masi C, Ayele A, Haile S. Microbial cellulase production and its potential application for textile industries. ANN MICROBIOL 2023; 73:13. [DOI: 10.1186/s13213-023-01715-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
The textile industry’s previous chemical use resulted in thousands of practical particulate emissions, such as machine component damage and drainage system blockage, both of which have practical implications. Enzyme-based textile processing is cost-effective, environmentally friendly, non-hazardous, and water-saving. The purpose of this review is to give evidence on the potential activity of microbial cellulase in the textile industry, which is mostly confined to the realm of research.
Methods
This review was progressive by considering peer-reviewed papers linked to microbial cellulase production, and its prospective application for textile industries was appraised and produced to develop this assessment. Articles were divided into two categories based on the results of trustworthy educational journals: methods used to produce the diversity of microorganisms through fermentation processes and such approaches used to produce the diversity of microbes through microbial fermentation. Submerged fermentation (SMF) and solid-state fermentation (SSF) techniques are currently being used to meet industrial demand for microbial cellulase production in the bio textile industry.
Results
Microbial cellulase is vital for increasing day to day due to its no side effect on the environment and human health becoming increasingly important. In conventional textile processing, the gray cloth was subjected to a series of chemical treatments that involved breaking the dye molecule’s amino group with Cl − , which started and accelerated dye(-resistant) bond cracking. A cellulase enzyme is primarily derived from a variety of microbial species found in various ecological settings as a biotextile/bio-based product technology for future needs in industrial applications.
Conclusion
Cellulase has been produced for its advantages in cellulose-based textiles, as well as for quality enhancement and fabric maintenance over traditional approaches. Cellulase’s role in the industry was microbial fermentation processes in textile processing which was chosen as an appropriate and environmentally sound solution for a long and healthy lifestyle.
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12
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Metasecretome and biochemical analysis of consortium PM-06 during the degradation of nixtamalized maize pericarp. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2023.102634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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13
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Copper radical oxidases: galactose oxidase, glyoxal oxidase, and beyond! Essays Biochem 2022; 67:597-613. [PMID: 36562172 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20220124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The copper radical oxidases (CROs) are an evolutionary and functionally diverse group of enzymes established by the historically significant galactose 6-oxidase and glyoxal oxidase from fungi. Inducted in 2013, CROs now constitute Auxiliary Activity Family 5 (AA5) in the Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes (CAZy) classification. CROs catalyse the two-electron oxidation of their substrates using oxygen as the final electron acceptor and are particularly distinguished by a cross-linked tyrosine-cysteine co-factor that is integral to radical stabilization. Recently, there has been a significant increase in the biochemically and structurally characterized CROs, which has revealed an expanded natural diversity of catalytic activities in the family. This review provides a brief historical introduction to CRO biochemistry and structural biology as a foundation for an update on current advances in CRO enzymology, biotechnology, and biology across kingdoms of life.
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Mathieu Y, Cleveland ME, Brumer H. Active-Site Engineering Switches Carbohydrate Regiospecificity in a Fungal Copper Radical Oxidase. ACS Catal 2022; 12:10264-10275. [PMID: 36033369 PMCID: PMC9397409 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c01956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Copper radical oxidases (CROs) from Auxiliary Activity Family 5, Subfamily 2 (AA5_2), are organic cofactor-free biocatalysts for the selective oxidation of alcohols to the corresponding aldehydes. AA5_2 CROs comprise canonical galactose-6-oxidases as well as the more recently discovered general alcohol oxidases and aryl alcohol oxidases. Guided by primary and tertiary protein structural analyses, we targeted a distinct extended loop in the active site of a Colletotrichum graminicola aryl alcohol oxidase (CgrAAO) to explore its effect on catalysis in the broader context of AA5_2. Deletion of this loop, which is bracketed by a conserved disulfide bridge, significantly reduced the inherent activity of the enzyme toward extended galacto-oligosaccharides, as anticipated from molecular modeling. Unexpectedly, kinetic and product analysis on a range of monosaccharides and disaccharides revealed that an altered carbohydrate specificity in CgrAAO-Δloop was accompanied by a complete change in regiospecificity from C-6 to C-1 oxidation, thereby generating aldonic acids. C-1 regiospecificity is unprecedented in AA5 enzymes and is classically associated with flavin-dependent carbohydrate oxidases of Auxiliary Activity Family 3. Thus, this work further highlights the catalytic adaptability of the unique mononuclear copper radical active site and provides a basis for the design of improved biocatalysts for diverse potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Mathieu
- Michael
Smith Laboratories, University of British
Columbia, 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- BioProducts
Institute, University of British Columbia, 2385 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Maria E. Cleveland
- Michael
Smith Laboratories, University of British
Columbia, 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department
of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
- BioProducts
Institute, University of British Columbia, 2385 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Harry Brumer
- Michael
Smith Laboratories, University of British
Columbia, 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department
of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
- BioProducts
Institute, University of British Columbia, 2385 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Department
of Botany, University of British Columbia, 3200 University Boulevard, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
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