1
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Hope SF, Schmitt L, Lourdais O, Angelier F. Nature vs. Nurture: Disentangling the Influence of Inheritance, Incubation Temperature, and Post-Natal Care on Offspring Heart Rate and Metabolism in Zebra Finches. Front Physiol 2022; 13:892154. [PMID: 35620597 PMCID: PMC9127084 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.892154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A historic debate in biology is the question of nature vs. nurture. Although it is now known that most traits are a product of both heredity (“nature”) and the environment (“nurture”), these two driving forces of trait development are rarely examined together. In birds, one important aspect of the early developmental environment is egg incubation temperature. Small changes (<1°C) in incubation temperature can have large effects on a wide-array of offspring traits. One important trait is metabolism, because it is related to life-history traits and strategies, organismal performance, and energetic and behavioral strategies. Although it has been shown that embryonic and post-hatch metabolism are related to egg incubation temperature, little is known about how this may vary as a function of genetic differences or post-hatching environmental conditions. Here, we investigated this question in zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata). We experimentally incubated eggs at two different temperatures: 37.5°C (control), which is optimal for this species and 36.3°C (low), which is suboptimal. We first measured embryonic heart rate as a proxy of embryonic metabolic rate. Then, at hatch, we cross-fostered nestlings to differentiate genetic and pre-hatching factors from post-hatching environmental conditions. When offspring were 30 days-old, we measured their resting metabolic rate (RMR; within the thermoneutral zone) and thermoregulatory metabolic rate (TMR; 12°C; birds must actively thermoregulate). We also measured RMR and TMR of all genetic and foster parents. We found that embryonic heart rate was greater in eggs incubated at the control temperature than those at the low temperature. Further, embryonic heart rate was positively related to genetic father RMR, suggesting that it is both heritable and affected by the pre-natal environment. In addition, we found that post-hatch metabolic rates were positively related to genetic parent metabolic rate, and interactively related to incubation temperature and foster mother metabolic rate. Altogether, this suggests that metabolism and the energetic cost of thermoregulation can be influenced by genetics, the pre-natal environment, and the post-natal environment. Our study sheds light on how environmental changes and parental care may affect avian physiology, as well as which traits may be susceptible to natural selection.
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2
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Tang ZR, Chen SY, Lu W, Zhang HD, Li M, Liu JS. Morphological and physiological correlates of among- individual variation in basal metabolic rate in two passerine birds. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2022; 267:111160. [PMID: 35124186 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.111160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Basal metabolic rate (BMR) has been shown to be a highly phenotypic flexibility trait within species. A significant proportion of an individual's energy budget is accounted for by BMR, hence among-individual variation in this trait may affect other energetic processes, as well as fitness. In this study, we measured BMR, organ mass, mitochondrial respiration capacities and cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activities in muscle and liver and circulating levels of plasma triiodothyronine (T3) in Chinese bulbuls (Pycnonotus sinensis) and Eurasian tree sparrows (Passer montanus). Our results showed that heart and kidney mass was positively correlated with BMR in Chinese bulbuls, whereas liver and kidney mass was positively correlated with BMR in Eurasian tree sparrows. Regarding metabolic biochemical markers of tissues, state 4 respiration and COX activity in the muscles of the Chinese bulbuls was correlated with BMR, while state 4 respiration in the muscle and liver was correlated with BMR in Eurasian tree sparrows. T3 was significantly and positively correlated with BMR in Chinese bulbuls and Eurasian tree sparrows. Consistent with the above results, our findings suggest that T3 levels play an important role in modulating BMR in Chinese bulbuls and Eurasian tree sparrows. Moreover, individual variation in BMR can be explained partly by morphological and physiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Ru Tang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Shen-Yue Chen
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Wei Lu
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Hao-Di Zhang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Ming Li
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Jin-Song Liu
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
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3
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Carravieri A, Vincze O, Bustamante P, Ackerman JT, Adams EM, Angelier F, Chastel O, Cherel Y, Gilg O, Golubova E, Kitaysky A, Luff K, Seewagen CL, Strøm H, Will AP, Yannic G, Giraudeau M, Fort J. Quantitative meta-analysis reveals no association between mercury contamination and body condition in birds. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2022; 97:1253-1271. [PMID: 35174617 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mercury contamination is a major threat to the global environment, and is still increasing in some regions despite international regulations. The methylated form of mercury is hazardous to biota, yet its sublethal effects are difficult to detect in wildlife. Body condition can vary in response to stressors, but previous studies have shown mixed effects of mercury on body condition in wildlife. Using birds as study organisms, we provide the first quantitative synthesis of the effect of mercury on body condition in animals. In addition, we explored the influence of intrinsic, extrinsic and methodological factors potentially explaining cross-study heterogeneity in results. We considered experimental and correlative studies carried out in adult birds and chicks, and mercury exposure inferred from blood and feathers. Most experimental investigations (90%) showed a significant relationship between mercury concentrations and body condition. Experimental exposure to mercury disrupted nutrient (fat) metabolism, metabolic rates, and food intake, resulting in either positive or negative associations with body condition. Correlative studies also showed either positive or negative associations, of which only 14% were statistically significant. Therefore, the overall effect of mercury concentrations on body condition was null in both experimental (estimate ± SE = 0.262 ± 0.309, 20 effect sizes, five species) and correlative studies (-0.011 ± 0.020, 315 effect sizes, 145 species). The single and interactive effects of age class and tissue type were accounted for in meta-analytic models of the correlative data set, since chicks and adults, as well as blood and feathers, are known to behave differently in terms of mercury accumulation and health effects. Of the 15 moderators tested, only wintering status explained cross-study heterogeneity in the correlative data set: free-ranging wintering birds were more likely to show a negative association between mercury and body condition. However, wintering effect sizes were limited to passerines, further studies should thus confirm this trend in other taxa. Collectively, our results suggest that (i) effects of mercury on body condition are weak and mostly detectable under controlled conditions, and (ii) body condition indices are unreliable indicators of mercury sublethal effects in the wild. Food availability, feeding rates and other sources of variation that are challenging to quantify likely confound the association between mercury and body condition in natura. Future studies could explore the metabolic effects of mercury further using designs that allow for the estimation and/or manipulation of food intake in both wild and captive birds, especially in under-represented life-history stages such as migration and overwintering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Carravieri
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, La Rochelle, 17000, France
| | - Orsolya Vincze
- Centre for Ecological Research-DRI, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, 18/C Bem tér, Debrecen, 4026, Hungary.,Evolutionary Ecology Group, Hungarian Department of Biology and Ecology, Babeş-Bolyai University, 5-7 Clinicilor street, Cluj-Napoca, 400006, Romania
| | - Paco Bustamante
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, La Rochelle, 17000, France.,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 1 rue Descartes, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Joshua T Ackerman
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Dixon Field Station, 800 Business Park Drive, Suite D, Dixon, CA, 95620, U.S.A
| | - Evan M Adams
- Biodiversity Research Institute, 276 Canco Road, Portland, ME, 04103, U.S.A
| | - Frédéric Angelier
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 405 Route de Prissé la Charrière, Villiers-en-Bois, 79360, France
| | - Olivier Chastel
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 405 Route de Prissé la Charrière, Villiers-en-Bois, 79360, France
| | - Yves Cherel
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 405 Route de Prissé la Charrière, Villiers-en-Bois, 79360, France
| | - Olivier Gilg
- UMR 6249 CNRS-Chrono-environnement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, Besançon, 25000, France.,Groupe de Recherche en Ecologie Arctique (GREA), 16 rue de Vernot, Francheville, 21440, France
| | - Elena Golubova
- Groupe de Recherche en Ecologie Arctique (GREA), 16 rue de Vernot, Francheville, 21440, France.,Institute of Biological Problems of the North, Russian Academy of Sciences, Portovaya Str., 18, Magadan, RU-685000, Russia
| | - Alexander Kitaysky
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2140 Koyukuk Drive, Fairbanks, AK, 99775, U.S.A
| | - Katelyn Luff
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Chad L Seewagen
- Great Hollow Nature Preserve and Ecological Research Center, 225 State Route 37, New Fairfield, CT, 06812, U.S.A
| | - Hallvard Strøm
- Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, Tromsø, NO-9296, Norway
| | - Alexis P Will
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2140 Koyukuk Drive, Fairbanks, AK, 99775, U.S.A
| | - Glenn Yannic
- Groupe de Recherche en Ecologie Arctique (GREA), 16 rue de Vernot, Francheville, 21440, France.,UMR 5553 CNRS-Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, 2233 Rue de la Piscine, Saint-Martin d'Hères, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Mathieu Giraudeau
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, La Rochelle, 17000, France.,Centre de Recherches en Écologie et en Évolution de la Santé (CREES), MIVEGEC, UMR IRD 224-CNRS 5290-Université de Montpellier, Domaine La Valette, 900 rue Breton, Montpellier, 34090, France
| | - Jérôme Fort
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, La Rochelle, 17000, France
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4
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Tremblay F, Whelan S, Choy ES, Hatch SA, Elliott KH. Resting costs too: the relative importance of active and resting energy expenditure in a sub-arctic seabird. J Exp Biol 2022; 225:273977. [PMID: 35019973 PMCID: PMC8920031 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.243548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Breeding is costly for many animals, including birds that must deliver food to a central place (i.e. nest). Measuring energy expenditure throughout the breeding season can provide valuable insight into physiological limitations by highlighting periods of high demand, and ultimately allows improvement of conservation strategies. However, quantifying energy expenditure in wildlife can be challenging, as existing methods do not measure both active (e.g. foraging) and resting energy costs across short and long time scales. Here, we developed a novel method for comparing active and resting costs in 66 pre-breeding and breeding seabirds (black-legged kittiwakes, Rissa tridactyla) by combining accelerometry and triiodothyronine (T3) as proxies for active and resting costs, respectively. Active energy costs were higher during incubation (P=0.0004) and chick rearing (P<0.0001) than during pre-laying, because of an increase in the time spent in flight of 11% (P=0.0005) and 15% (P<0.0001), respectively. Levels of T3, reflecting resting costs, peaked marginally during incubation with a mean (±s.d.) concentration of 4.71±1.97 pg ml−1 in comparison to 2.66±1.30 pg ml−1 during pre-laying (P=0.05) and 3.16±2.85 pg ml−1 during chick rearing (P=0.11). Thus, although chick rearing is often assumed to be the costliest breeding stage by multiple studies, our results suggest that incubation could be more costly as a result of high resting costs. We highlight the importance of accounting for both active and resting costs when assessing energy expenditure. Summary: Measurements of both active and resting energy expenditure in breeding black-legged kittiwakes suggest that chick rearing may not be the costliest breeding stage, highlighting the need to measure both active and resting cost when assessing energy expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred Tremblay
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Canada
| | - Shannon Whelan
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Canada
| | - Emily S Choy
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Canada
| | - Scott A Hatch
- Institute for Seabird Research and Conservation, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Kyle H Elliott
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Canada
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5
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Bushuev A, Zubkova E, Tolstenkov O, Kerimov A. Basal metabolic rate in free-ranging tropical birds lacks long-term repeatability and is influenced by ambient temperature. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART 2021; 335:668-677. [PMID: 34358408 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Tropical birds live longer, have smaller clutches and invest more resources into self-maintenance than temperate species. These "slow" life-histories in tropical birds are accompanied by low basal metabolic rate (BMR). It has recently been suggested that the low BMR of tropical species may be related not to their slow "pace of life" or high ambient temperatures (Ta ) in tropical latitudes, but to the stability of environmental conditions in tropics. Since the repeatability of metabolic traits is higher in stable environments, such as laboratory conditions, we predicted that long-term repeatability of BMR in a tropical climate should be higher than in a temperate one. Contrary to our predictions, the repeatability of mass-independent BMR in 64 individuals of free-living tropical birds from Vietnam was low and insignificant after the species affiliation was taken into account. It indicates that BMR cannot be used as an individual long-term characteristic of tropical birds. On the other hand, tropical birds showed consistent differences in their mass-independent BMR at the interspecific level. Using BMR measurements from 1543 individuals of 134 species, we also found that different characteristics of Ta within the week preceding BMR measurements had a significant impact on the mass-independent BMR of tropical birds. The most significant effect was the difference between the absolute maximum and minimum Ta within a single week. Our results indicate that the physiology of tropical birds is more subject to changes than would be expected based on the notion of the stability of climatic conditions in the tropics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Bushuev
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Joint Russian-Vietnamese Tropical Research and Technological Center, Hanoi, Vietnam.,A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Zubkova
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Joint Russian-Vietnamese Tropical Research and Technological Center, Hanoi, Vietnam.,A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg Tolstenkov
- Joint Russian-Vietnamese Tropical Research and Technological Center, Hanoi, Vietnam.,A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anvar Kerimov
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Joint Russian-Vietnamese Tropical Research and Technological Center, Hanoi, Vietnam.,A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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6
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Abstract
Blood oxygen-carrying capacity is one of the important determinants of the amount of oxygen supplied to the tissue per unit time and plays a key role in oxidative metabolism. In wild vertebrates, blood oxygen-carrying capacity is most commonly measured with the total blood hemoglobin concentration (Hb) and hematocrit (Hct), which is the volume percentage of red blood cells in blood. Here, I used published estimates of avian Hb and Hct (nearly 1,000 estimates from 300 species) to examine macroevolutionary patterns in the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood in birds. Phylogenetically informed comparative analysis indicated that blood oxygen-carrying capacity was primarily determined by species distribution (latitude and elevation) and morphological constraints (body mass). I found little support for the effect of life-history components on blood oxygen-carrying capacity except for a positive association of Hct with clutch size. Hb was also positively associated with diving behavior, but I found no effect of migratoriness on either Hb or Hct. Fluctuating selection was identified as the major force shaping the evolution of blood oxygen-carrying capacity. The results offer novel insights into the evolution of Hb and Hct in birds, and they provide a general, phylogenetically robust support for some long-standing hypotheses in avian ecophysiology.
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7
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Hernandez J, Escallón C, Medina D, Vernasco BJ, Walke JB, Belden LK, Moore IT. Cloacal bacterial communities of tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor): Similarity within a population, but not between pair-bonded social partners. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228982. [PMID: 32045456 PMCID: PMC7012431 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Host-associated microbial communities can influence the overall health of their animal hosts, and many factors, including behavior and physiology, can impact the formation of these complex communities. Bacteria within these communities can be transmitted socially between individuals via indirect (e.g., shared environments) or direct (e.g., physical contact) pathways. Limited research has been done to investigate how social interactions that occur in the context of mating shape host-associated microbial communities. To gain a better understanding of these interactions and, more specifically, to assess how mating behavior shapes an animal’s microbiome, we studied the cloacal bacterial communities of a socially monogamous yet genetically polygynous songbird, the North American tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor). We address two questions: (1) do the cloacal bacterial communities differ between female and male tree swallows within a population? and (2) do pair-bonded social partners exhibit more similar cloacal bacterial communities than expected by chance? To answer these questions, we sampled the cloacal microbiome of adults during the breeding season and then used culture-independent, 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to assess bacterial communities. Overall, we found that the cloacal bacterial communities of females and males were similar, and that the communities of pair-bonded social partners were not more similar than expected by chance. Our results suggest that social monogamy does not correlate with an increased similarity in cloacal bacterial community diversity or structure. As social partners were not assessed at the same time, it is possible that breeding stage differences masked social effects on bacterial community diversity and structure. Further, given that tree swallows exhibit high variation in rates of extra-pair activity, considering extra-pair activity when assessing cloacal microbial communities may be important for understanding how these bacterial communities are shaped. Further insight into how bacterial communities are shaped will ultimately shed light on potential tradeoffs associated with alternative behavioral strategies and socially-transmitted microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Hernandez
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Camilo Escallón
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Daniel Medina
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Ben J. Vernasco
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Jenifer B. Walke
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Lisa K. Belden
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Ignacio T. Moore
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
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8
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Dupont SM, Grace JK, Lourdais O, Brischoux F, Angelier F. Slowing down the metabolic engine: impact of early-life corticosterone exposure on adult metabolism in house sparrows ( Passer domesticus). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 222:jeb.211771. [PMID: 31672723 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.211771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Whole-organism metabolism is an integrative process that determines not only the energy cost of living but also the energy output that is available for behavioral and physiological processes during the life cycle. Developmental challenge is known to affect growth, development of several organs, and several physiological mechanisms (such as HPA responsiveness, oxidative stress or immunity), which may altogether affect adult metabolism. All of these developmental effects are likely to be mediated by glucocorticoids, but the impact of developmental glucocorticoid exposure on adult metabolism has rarely been studied and the results are equivocal. In this study, we examined the impact of developmental exposure to corticosterone (CORT, the main avian glucocorticoid hormone) on resting metabolic rate (RMR, measured in thermoneutrality, 25°C) and thermoregulatory metabolic rate (TMR, measured in cold challenge conditions, 5°C) in the house sparrow. Following experimental administration of CORT at the nestling stage, house sparrows were kept in captivity until adulthood, when their metabolism was measured. We found that post-natal CORT exposure decreased both RMR and TMR in adult sparrows. This CORT-mediated reduction of metabolism was also associated with a reduced overnight body mass loss. Therefore, our results suggest that developmental CORT exposure can orient the phenotype towards an energy-saving strategy, which may be beneficial in a constraining environmental context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie M Dupont
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CNRS-ULR, UMR 7372, 79360 Villiers en Bois, France
| | - Jacquelyn K Grace
- Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Olivier Lourdais
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CNRS-ULR, UMR 7372, 79360 Villiers en Bois, France
| | - François Brischoux
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CNRS-ULR, UMR 7372, 79360 Villiers en Bois, France
| | - Frédéric Angelier
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CNRS-ULR, UMR 7372, 79360 Villiers en Bois, France
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9
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Milling CR, Rachlow JL, Chappell MA, Camp MJ, Johnson TR, Shipley LA, Paul DR, Forbey JS. Seasonal temperature acclimatization in a semi-fossorial mammal and the role of burrows as thermal refuges. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4511. [PMID: 29576977 PMCID: PMC5858582 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Small mammals in habitats with strong seasonal variation in the thermal environment often exhibit physiological and behavioral adaptations for coping with thermal extremes and reducing thermoregulatory costs. Burrows are especially important for providing thermal refuge when above-ground temperatures require high regulatory costs (e.g., water or energy) or exceed the physiological tolerances of an organism. Our objective was to explore the role of burrows as thermal refuges for a small endotherm, the pygmy rabbit (Brachylagus idahoensis), during the summer and winter by quantifying energetic costs associated with resting above and below ground. We used indirect calorimetry to determine the relationship between energy expenditure and ambient temperature over a range of temperatures that pygmy rabbits experience in their natural habitat. We also measured the temperature of above- and below-ground rest sites used by pygmy rabbits in eastern Idaho, USA, during summer and winter and estimated the seasonal thermoregulatory costs of resting in the two microsites. Although pygmy rabbits demonstrated seasonal physiological acclimatization, the burrow was an important thermal refuge, especially in winter. Thermoregulatory costs were lower inside the burrow than in above-ground rest sites for more than 50% of the winter season. In contrast, thermal heterogeneity provided by above-ground rest sites during summer reduced the role of burrows as a thermal refuge during all but the hottest periods of the afternoon. Our findings contribute to an understanding of the ecology of small mammals in seasonal environments and demonstrate the importance of burrows as thermal refuge for pygmy rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte R Milling
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA.,School of Environment and Natural Resources, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Janet L Rachlow
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - Mark A Chappell
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Meghan J Camp
- School of the Environment, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Timothy R Johnson
- Department of Statistical Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - Lisa A Shipley
- School of the Environment, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - David R Paul
- Department of Movement Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
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10
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Grémillet D, Lescroël A, Ballard G, Dugger KM, Massaro M, Porzig EL, Ainley DG. Energetic fitness: Field metabolic rates assessed via 3D accelerometry complement conventional fitness metrics. Funct Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Grémillet
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive UMR 5175 CNRS Université de Montpellier ‐ Université Paul‐Valéry Montpellier ‐ EPHE Montpellier France
- Percy FitzPatrick Institute and DST/NRF Excellence Centre at the University of Cape Town Rondebosch South Africa
| | - Amélie Lescroël
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive UMR 5175 CNRS Université de Montpellier ‐ Université Paul‐Valéry Montpellier ‐ EPHE Montpellier France
- Point Blue Conservation Science Petaluma CA USA
| | | | - Katie M. Dugger
- U.S. Geological Survey Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University Corvallis OR USA
| | - Melanie Massaro
- School of Environmental Sciences Institute of Land, Water and Society Charles Sturt University Albury Australia
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11
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Thompson LJ, Downs CT. Altitudinal variation in metabolic parameters of a small Afrotropical bird. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2017; 212:88-96. [PMID: 28774754 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Of the numerous factors affecting avian metabolic rate, altitude is one of the least studied. We used mass-flow respirometry to measure resting metabolic rate (RMR), evaporative water loss (EWL) and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) in two populations of a small (10-12g) Afrotropical bird, the Cape White-eye (Zosterops virens), in summer and in winter. In total, 51 freshly wild-caught adult Cape White-eyes were measured overnight. Altitude was included as a source of variation in the best approximating models for body mass, whole-animal RMR, RER, whole-animal standard EWL and whole-animal basal EWL. RER was significantly lower in winter, suggesting a greater proportion of lipid oxidation at lower ambient temperatures (Ta). Cape White-eyes were 0.8g heavier at the higher altitude site and 0.5g heavier in winter, suggesting they may have increased their metabolic machinery to cope with cooler temperatures. EWL was generally significantly lower in winter than in summer, suggesting that birds may increase EWL with increasing Ta, as the need for evaporative cooling increases. Our results support the argument that the subtle and complex effects of altitude (and ambient temperature) should be taken into account in studies on avian metabolic rate. WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN Of the numerous studies known to affect avian metabolic rate, altitude is one of the least studied. Although trends are not always clear, generally, at higher altitudes, avian metabolic rate increases. WHAT THE STUDY ADDS There were statistically significant seasonal and altitudinal differences in various physiological parameters of Cape White-eyes. These results highlight the importance of accounting for altitude in studies of avian metabolic rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindy J Thompson
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, South Africa.
| | - Colleen T Downs
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, South Africa.
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12
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Blévin P, Tartu S, Ellis HI, Chastel O, Bustamante P, Parenteau C, Herzke D, Angelier F, Gabrielsen GW. Contaminants and energy expenditure in an Arctic seabird: Organochlorine pesticides and perfluoroalkyl substances are associated with metabolic rate in a contrasted manner. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 157:118-126. [PMID: 28554005 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Basal metabolic rate (BMR), the minimal energetic cost of living in endotherms, is known to be influenced by thyroid hormones (THs) which are known to stimulate in vitro oxygen consumption of tissues in birds and mammals. Several environmental contaminants may act on energy expenditure through their thyroid hormone-disrupting properties. However, the effect of contaminants on BMR is still poorly documented for wildlife. Here, we investigated the relationships between three groups of contaminants (organochlorines (OCs), perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), and mercury) with metabolic rate (MR), considered here as a proxy of BMR and also with circulating total THs (thyroxine (TT4) and triiodothyronine (TT3)) in Arctic breeding adult black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) from Svalbard, during the chick rearing period. Our results indicate a negative relationship between the sum of all detected chlordanes (∑CHLs) and MR in both sexes whereas perfluorotridecanoate (PFTrA) and MR were positively related in females only. MR was not associated with mercury. Additionally, levels of TT3 were negatively related to ∑CHLs but not to PFTrA. The findings from the present study indicate that some OCs (in both sexes) and some PFASs (only in females) could disrupt fine adjustment of BMR during reproduction in adult kittiwakes. Importantly, highly lipophilic OCs and highly proteinophilic PFASs appear, at least in females, to have the ability to disrupt the metabolic rate in an opposite way. Therefore, our study highlights the need for ecotoxicological studies to include a large variety of contaminants which can act in an antagonistic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Blévin
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 - CNRS & Université de la Rochelle, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France.
| | - Sabrina Tartu
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 - CNRS & Université de la Rochelle, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France; Norwegian Polar Research Institute, Fram Centre, NO-9296 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Hugh I Ellis
- Department of Biology, University of San Diego, San Diego, CA 92110, USA
| | - Olivier Chastel
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 - CNRS & Université de la Rochelle, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Paco Bustamante
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 - CNRS & Université de la Rochelle, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, France
| | - Charline Parenteau
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 - CNRS & Université de la Rochelle, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Dorte Herzke
- Norwegian Institute for Air Research, NILU, Fram Centre, NO-9296 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Frédéric Angelier
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 - CNRS & Université de la Rochelle, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Geir W Gabrielsen
- Norwegian Polar Research Institute, Fram Centre, NO-9296 Tromsø, Norway
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Husak JF. Measuring Selection on Physiology in the Wild and Manipulating Phenotypes (in Terrestrial Nonhuman Vertebrates). Compr Physiol 2015; 6:63-85. [PMID: 26756627 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c140061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
To understand why organisms function the way that they do, we must understand how evolution shapes physiology. This requires knowledge of how selection acts on physiological traits in nature. Selection studies in the wild allow us to determine how variation in physiology causes variation in fitness, revealing how evolution molds physiology over evolutionary time. Manipulating phenotypes experimentally in a selection study shifts the distribution of trait variation in a population to better explore potential constraints and the adaptive value of physiological traits. There is a large database of selection studies in the wild on a variety of traits, but very few of those are physiological traits. Nevertheless, data available so far suggest that physiological traits, including metabolic rate, thermal physiology, whole-organism performance, and hormone levels, are commonly subjected to directional selection in nature, with stabilizing and disruptive selection less common than predicted if physiological traits are optimized to an environment. Selection studies on manipulated phenotypes, including circulating testosterone and glucocorticoid levels, reinforce this notion, but reveal that trade-offs between survival and reproduction or correlational selection can constrain the evolution of physiology. More studies of selection on physiological traits in nature that quantify multiple traits are necessary to better determine the manner in which physiological traits evolve and whether different types of traits (dynamic performance vs. regulatory) evolve differently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry F Husak
- Department of Biology, University of St. Thomas, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
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Brokordt KB, González RC, Farías WJ, Winkler FM. Potential Response to Selection of HSP70 as a Component of Innate Immunity in the Abalone Haliotis rufescens. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141959. [PMID: 26529324 PMCID: PMC4631488 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Assessing components of the immune system may reflect disease resistance. In some invertebrates, heat shock proteins (HSPs) are immune effectors and have been described as potent activators of the innate immune response. Several diseases have become a threat to abalone farming worldwide; therefore, increasing disease resistance is considered to be a long-term goal for breeding programs. A trait will respond to selection only if it is determined partially by additive genetic variation. The aim of this study was to estimate the heritability (h2) and the additive genetic coefficient of variation (CVA) of HSP70 as a component of innate immunity of the abalone Haliotis rufescens, in order to assess its potential response to selection. These genetic components were estimated for the variations in the intracellular (in haemocytes) and extracellular (serum) protein levels of HSP70 in response to an immunostimulant agent in 60 full-sib families of H. rufescens. Levels of HSP70 were measured twice in the same individuals, first when they were young and again when they were pre-harvest adults, to estimate the repeatability (R), the h2 and the potential response to selection of these traits at these life stages. High HSP70 levels were observed in abalones subjected to immunostimulation in both the intracellular and extracellular haemolymph fractions. This is the first time that changes in serum levels of HSP70 have been reported in response to an immune challenge in molluscs. HSP70 levels in both fractions and at both ages showed low h2 and R, with values that were not significantly different from zero. However, HSP70 induced levels had a CVA of 13.3–16.2% in young adults and of 2.7–8.1% in pre-harvest adults. Thus, despite its low h2, HSP70 synthesis in response to an immune challenge in red abalone has the potential to evolve through selection because of its large phenotypic variation and the presence of additive genetic variance, especially in young animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherina B. Brokordt
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Coquimbo, Chile
- Departamento de Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
- * E-mail:
| | - Roxana C. González
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Coquimbo, Chile
- Departamento de Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - William J. Farías
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Coquimbo, Chile
- Departamento de Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Federico M. Winkler
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Coquimbo, Chile
- Departamento de Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
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15
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Circannual rhythm of resting metabolic rate of a small Afrotropical bird. J Therm Biol 2015; 51:119-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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16
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Seasonal metabolic variation over two years in an Afrotropical passerine bird. J Therm Biol 2015; 52:58-66. [PMID: 26267499 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Seasonal trends in metabolic parameters are well established in avian populations from highly seasonal environments, however, seasonal trends in metabolism of birds from lower latitudes (and of Afrotropical birds in particular) are not well understood. We investigated seasonal trends in metabolism for a small (10-12g) Afrotropical bird, the Cape White-eye (Zosterops virens), using flow-through respirometry in two summers and two winters. There was no seasonal difference in body mass between consecutive seasons. The lower critical limit of thermoneutrality was lower in winter (23°C) than in summer (28°C), as expected for a small Afrotropical bird. In the first year of the study, mean whole animal basal metabolic rate (BMR) of Cape White-eyes was significantly lower in winter than in summer, while in the second year of the study this trend was reversed, and in the middle two seasons there was no significant difference in BMR. Differences in mean temperature and mean rainfall between seasons could not account for the seasonal trends in BMR. We conclude that seasonal trends in avian BMR may vary between years, within a population.
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17
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Cortés PA, Petit M, Lewden A, Milbergue M, Vézina F. Individual inconsistencies in basal and summit metabolic rate highlight flexibility of metabolic performance in a wintering passerine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 323:179-90. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.1908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Andrés Cortés
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad Austral de Chile Campus Isla Teja; Valdivia Chile
| | - Magali Petit
- Département de biologie; chimie et géographie; Université du Québec à Rimouski; Rimouski Canada
- Groupe de recherche sur les environnements nordiques BORÉAS; Rimouski Canada
- Centre d'Etudes Nordiques; Québec Canada
- Centre de la Science de la Biodiversité du Québec; Montréal Canada
| | - Agnès Lewden
- Département de biologie; chimie et géographie; Université du Québec à Rimouski; Rimouski Canada
- Groupe de recherche sur les environnements nordiques BORÉAS; Rimouski Canada
| | - Myriam Milbergue
- Département de biologie; chimie et géographie; Université du Québec à Rimouski; Rimouski Canada
- Groupe de recherche sur les environnements nordiques BORÉAS; Rimouski Canada
- Centre d'Etudes Nordiques; Québec Canada
- Centre de la Science de la Biodiversité du Québec; Montréal Canada
| | - François Vézina
- Département de biologie; chimie et géographie; Université du Québec à Rimouski; Rimouski Canada
- Groupe de recherche sur les environnements nordiques BORÉAS; Rimouski Canada
- Centre d'Etudes Nordiques; Québec Canada
- Centre de la Science de la Biodiversité du Québec; Montréal Canada
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18
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Welcker J, Speakman JR, Elliott KH, Hatch SA, Kitaysky AS. Resting and daily energy expenditures during reproduction are adjusted in opposite directions in free‐living birds. Funct Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorg Welcker
- Norwegian Polar Institute Fram Centre N‐9296 Tromsø Norway
- Institute of Arctic Biology University of Alaska Fairbanks Irving 311Fairbanks Alaska 99775 USA
| | - John R. Speakman
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of AberdeenTillydrone Avenue Aberdeen AB24 2TZ UK
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences 1 West Beichen RoadChaoyang Beijing China
| | - Kyle H. Elliott
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Manitoba Winnipeg ManitobaR3T 2N2 Canada
| | - Scott A. Hatch
- Alaska Science Center U.S. Geological Survey 4210 University Drive Anchorage Alaska99508 USA
| | - Alexander S. Kitaysky
- Institute of Arctic Biology University of Alaska Fairbanks Irving 311Fairbanks Alaska 99775 USA
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19
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Jacobs PJ, McKechnie AE. Experimental Sources of Variation in Avian Energetics: Estimated Basal Metabolic Rate Decreases with Successive Measurements. Physiol Biochem Zool 2014; 87:762-9. [DOI: 10.1086/676933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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20
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Fletcher QE, Speakman JR, Boutin S, Lane JE, McAdam AG, Gorrell JC, Coltman DW, Humphries MM. Daily energy expenditure during lactation is strongly selected in a free‐living mammal. Funct Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Quinn E. Fletcher
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences Macdonald Campus McGill University Ste‐Anne‐de‐Bellevue QuebecH9X 3V9 Canada
| | - John R. Speakman
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Aberdeen AberdeenAB24 2TZ UK
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology 1 West Beichen RoadChaoyang Beijing 100080 China
| | - Stan Boutin
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Alberta Edmonton AlbertaT6G 2E9 Canada
| | - Jeffrey E. Lane
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Alberta Edmonton AlbertaT6G 2E9 Canada
| | - Andrew G. McAdam
- Department of Integrative Biology University of Guelph Guelph Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Jamieson C. Gorrell
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Alberta Edmonton AlbertaT6G 2E9 Canada
| | - David W. Coltman
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Alberta Edmonton AlbertaT6G 2E9 Canada
| | - Murray M. Humphries
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences Macdonald Campus McGill University Ste‐Anne‐de‐Bellevue QuebecH9X 3V9 Canada
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21
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Sköld-Chiriac S, Nord A, Nilsson JÅ, Hasselquist D. Physiological and Behavioral Responses to an Acute-Phase Response in Zebra Finches: Immediate and Short-Term Effects. Physiol Biochem Zool 2014; 87:288-98. [DOI: 10.1086/674789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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22
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Ponchon A, Grémillet D, Christensen-Dalsgaard S, Erikstad KE, Barrett RT, Reiertsen TK, McCoy KD, Tveraa T, Boulinier T. When things go wrong: intra-season dynamics of breeding failure in a seabird. Ecosphere 2014. [DOI: 10.1890/es13-00233.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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23
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Szafrańska PA, Zub K, Konarzewski M. Seasonal variation of resting metabolic rate and body mass in free-living weasels Mustela nivalis. Physiol Biochem Zool 2013; 86:791-8. [PMID: 24241075 DOI: 10.1086/673286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic rates and body mass of mammals vary seasonally along with ambient temperatures and food availability. At the population level, seasonal changes in metabolic rate and mass can be due to selective mortality or emigration of individuals whose metabolic rate or mass differs from the average for the population. Alternatively, the metabolic rates of individuals can change seasonally, such that the population average increases or decreases due to shifts in the physiology of the overall population. The latter implies that individuals respond in a similar manner to changing seasonal conditions. We studied seasonal changes in body mass (BM) and resting metabolic rate (RMR) in free-ranging male weasels (Mustela nivalis) to test the consistency of these traits in individuals caught in different seasons of the year. At the population level, BM was remarkably stable across the seasons (F(3, 124)=0.25, P=0.9). In contrast, BM- corrected RMR varied significantly between seasons and was the lowest in winter (F(3, 135)=9.13, P<0.0001). We demonstrated that individual weasels were consistent in how their BM and RMR deviated from the seasonal means for the population (intraclass correlation, τ=0.78 and 0.33, respectively). This variation among individuals explained ~76% and 27% of the total variation of BM and basal metabolic rate, respectively. Hence, the relatively constant BM at the population level across seasons is due to a relative constancy of BM in individuals. Our study is one of relatively few research projects that demonstrate that seasonal changes in RMR observed in the wild population are in part due to a consistency in individual responses to changing environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina A Szafrańska
- Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Białowieża 17-230, Poland; 2University of Białystok, Białystok 15-097, Poland
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24
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Elliott KH, Welcker J, Gaston AJ, Hatch SA, Palace V, Hare JF, Speakman JR, Anderson WG. Thyroid hormones correlate with resting metabolic rate, not daily energy expenditure, in two charadriiform seabirds. Biol Open 2013; 2:580-6. [PMID: 23789108 PMCID: PMC3683160 DOI: 10.1242/bio.20134358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones affect in vitro metabolic intensity, increase basal metabolic rate (BMR) in the lab, and are sometimes correlated with basal and/or resting metabolic rate (RMR) in a field environment. Given the difficulty of measuring metabolic rate in the field—and the likelihood that capture and long-term restraint necessary to measure metabolic rate in the field jeopardizes other measurements—we examined the possibility that circulating thyroid hormone levels were correlated with RMR in two free-ranging bird species with high levels of energy expenditure (the black-legged kittiwake, Rissa tridactyla, and thick-billed murre, Uria lomvia). Because BMR and daily energy expenditure (DEE) are purported to be linked, we also tested for a correlation between thyroid hormones and DEE. We examined the relationships between free and bound levels of the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) with DEE and with 4-hour long measurements of post-absorptive and thermoneutral resting metabolism (resting metabolic rate; RMR). RMR but not DEE increased with T3 in both species; both metabolic rates were independent of T4. T3 and T4 were not correlated with one another. DEE correlated with body mass in kittiwakes but not in murres, presumably owing to the larger coefficient of variation in body mass during chick rearing for the more sexually dimorphic kittiwakes. We suggest T3 provides a good proxy for resting metabolism but not DEE in these seabird species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle H Elliott
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2 , Canada
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25
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Welcker J, Chastel O, Gabrielsen GW, Guillaumin J, Kitaysky AS, Speakman JR, Tremblay Y, Bech C. Thyroid hormones correlate with basal metabolic rate but not field metabolic rate in a wild bird species. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56229. [PMID: 23437096 PMCID: PMC3577771 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (TH) are known to stimulate in vitro oxygen consumption of tissues in mammals and birds. Hence, in many laboratory studies a positive relationship between TH concentrations and basal metabolic rate (BMR) has been demonstrated whereas evidence from species in the wild is scarce. Even though basal and field metabolic rates (FMR) are often thought to be intrinsically linked it is still unknown whether a relationship between TH and FMR exists. Here we determine the relationship between the primary thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3) with both BMR and FMR in a wild bird species, the black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla). As predicted we found a strong and positive relationship between plasma concentrations of T3 and both BMR and mass-independent BMR with coefficients of determination ranging from 0.36 to 0.60. In contrast there was no association of T3 levels with either whole-body or mass-independent FMR (R(2) =0.06 and 0.02, respectively). In accordance with in vitro studies our data suggests that TH play an important role in modulating BMR and may serve as a proxy for basal metabolism in wild birds. However, the lack of a relationship between TH and FMR indicates that levels of physical activity in kittiwakes are largely independent of TH concentrations and support recent studies that cast doubt on a direct linkage between BMR and FMR.
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26
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Is respirometry a standardized technique? A review of measurement of avian resting metabolic rates. J Therm Biol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2012.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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27
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Brokordt K, Farías W, Lhorente JP, Winkler F. Heritability and genetic correlations of escape behaviours in juvenile scallop Argopecten purpuratus. Anim Behav 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2012.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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28
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Bushuev AV, Husby A, Sternberg H, Grinkov VG. Quantitative genetics of basal metabolic rate and body mass in free‐living pied flycatchers. J Zool (1987) 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2012.00947.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. V. Bushuev
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology Faculty of Biology Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow Russia
| | - A. Husby
- Department of Animal Ecology Evolutionary Biology Centre (EBC) Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - H. Sternberg
- Ornithologische Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Populationsforschung Braunschweig Braunschweig Germany
| | - V. G. Grinkov
- Evolutionary Biology Department Faculty of Biology Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow Russia
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29
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Reid D, Armstrong JD, Metcalfe NB. The performance advantage of a high resting metabolic rate in juvenile salmon is habitat dependent. J Anim Ecol 2012; 81:868-75. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2012.01969.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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30
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Matson KD, Horrocks NPC, Versteegh MA, Tieleman BI. Baseline haptoglobin concentrations are repeatable and predictive of certain aspects of a subsequent experimentally-induced inflammatory response. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2012; 162:7-15. [PMID: 22316629 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2012.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Revised: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Ecologists sometimes assume immunological indices reflect fundamental attributes of individuals-an important assumption if an index is to be interpreted in an evolutionary context since among-individual variation drives natural selection. Yet the extent to which individuals vary over different timescales is poorly understood. Haptoglobin, an acute phase protein, is an interesting parameter for studying variability as it is easily quantified and concentrations vary widely due to the molecule's role in inflammation, infection and trauma. We quantified haptoglobin in pigeon plasma samples collected over fourteen months and calculated repeatability to evaluate if haptoglobin concentration is a distinctive trait of individuals. We also explored the capacity of baseline haptoglobin concentrations to predict an array of physiological changes associated with a subsequent experimentally-induced inflammatory response. Maximum repeatability, which occurred over a short mid-winter interval, equaled 0.57. Baseline haptoglobin concentrations predicted response haptoglobin concentrations better than any other endotoxin-induced change. Overall, we identified several strengths and limitations of baseline [Hp] quantification. Acknowledging these qualities should lead to more refined conclusions in studies of the ecology and evolution of immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D Matson
- Animal Ecology Group, Center for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
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31
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Chappell MA, Savard JF, Siani J, Coleman SW, Keagy J, Borgia G. Aerobic capacity in wild satin bowerbirds: repeatability and effects of age, sex and condition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 214:3186-96. [PMID: 21900466 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.055046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Individual variation in aerobic capacity has been extensively studied, especially with respect to condition, maturity or pathogen infection, and to gain insights into mechanistic foundations of performance. However, its relationship to mate competition is less well understood, particularly for animals in natural habitats. We examined aerobic capacity [maximum rate of O2 consumption (VO2,max) in forced exercise] in wild satin bowerbirds, an Australian passerine with a non-resource based mating system and strong intermale sexual competition. We tested for repeatability of mass and VO2,max, differences among age and sex classes, and effects of several condition indices. In adult males, we examined interactions between aerobic performance and bower ownership (required for male mating success). There was significant repeatability of mass and VO2,max within and between years, but between-year repeatability was lower than within-year repeatability. VO2,max varied with an overall scaling to mass(0.791), but most variance in VO2,max was not explained by mass. Indicators of condition (tarsus and wing length asymmetry, the ratio of tarsus length to mass) were not correlated to VO2,max. Ectoparasite counts were weakly correlated to VO2,max across all age-sex classes but not within any class. Adult males, the cohort with the most intense levels of mating competition, had higher VO2,max than juvenile birds or adult females. However, there was no difference between the VO2,max of bower-owning males and that of males not known to hold bowers. Thus one major factor determining male reproductive success was not correlated to aerobic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Chappell
- Biology Department, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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32
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Van Leeuwen TE, Rosenfeld JS, Richards JG. Effects of food ration on SMR: influence of food consumption on individual variation in metabolic rate in juvenile coho salmon (Onchorhynchus kisutch). J Anim Ecol 2011; 81:395-402. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2011.01924.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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33
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Reid D, Armstrong JD, Metcalfe NB. Estimated standard metabolic rate interacts with territory quality and density to determine the growth rates of juvenile Atlantic salmon. Funct Ecol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2011.01894.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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34
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Bouwhuis S, Sheldon BC, Verhulst S. Basal metabolic rate and the rate of senescence in the great tit. Funct Ecol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2011.01850.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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35
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White CR. Allometric estimation of metabolic rates in animals. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2011; 158:346-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2010.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2010] [Revised: 10/01/2010] [Accepted: 10/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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36
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Bushuev AV, Kerimov AB, Ivankina EV. Estimation of heritability and repeatability of resting metabolic rate in birds by the example of free-living pied flycatchers Ficedula hypoleuca (Aves: Passeriformes). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s2079086411010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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37
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Woods WA, Wood CAL, Ebersole J, Stevenson RD. Metabolic rate variation over adult lifetime in the butterfly Vanessa cardui (Nymphalidae: Nymphalinae): aging, feeding, and repeatability. Physiol Biochem Zool 2010; 83:858-68. [PMID: 20695812 DOI: 10.1086/656216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Questions about the adaptive importance of metabolic rate can be approached only when measurements of differences between individuals are repeatable. We made daily measurements of CO(2) production, body mass, and food uptake over the adult life span of unmated Vanessa cardui kept under constant environmental conditions in both fed and unfed treatments. Mass and CO(2) production generally declined with age in both treatments, though with much day-to-day variability in the fed treatment. For the full samples, metabolic rate was repeatable for the unfed treatment (repeatability r = 0.60) but not for the fed treatment (r = 0.03). Differences between fed and unfed individuals of the same age range were repeatable for the unfed treatment (r = 0.39) but not for the fed treatment (r = -0.20). Removing age effects on CO(2) production yielded still higher repeatability in the unfed treatment (r = 0.83), though not in fed butterflies of the same age range (r = -0.02). However, repeatability of CO(2) production of fed butterflies increased sharply with age, rising to 0.82 for butterflies age 8-10 d. Although food uptake mass was repeatable (r = 0.52), feeding history explained little variation in CO(2) production. We conclude that for V. cardui and possibly for other insects of similar feeding habit, variation in metabolic rate between individuals is best represented by measurements of unfed individuals of the same age or of older fed individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Woods
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA 02125-3393, USA.
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38
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Duarte LC, Vaanholt LM, Sinclair RE, Gamo Y, Speakman JR. Limits to sustained energy intake XII: is the poor relation between resting metabolic rate and reproductive performance because resting metabolism is not a repeatable trait? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 213:278-87. [PMID: 20038662 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.037069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have investigated the consequences of individual variation in resting metabolic rate at thermoneutrality (RMRt) on reproductive performance. Despite strong theoretical reasons for expecting such an association, results have generally been disappointing. A fundamental assumption of these studies is that RMRt is a repeatable trait. We examined repeatability of RMRt in female MF1 mice over short (15 days apart; N=238) and long intervals (110 days apart; N=33). In the long-term experiment, after the first RMRt measurement, females were separated in two groups: the first was kept virgin (N=16); the second was allowed to breed (N=17) and measured 15 days after they had weaned their pups. We also examined the association between RMRt and reproduction. We used Pearson's correlation (r) and intraclass correlation coefficients (rho) to estimate repeatability. There was a strong effect of body mass on RMRt for all measurements. Over the short interval, repeatability was significant for body mass (r=0.86; rho=0.86), RMRt (r=0.68; rho=0.68,) and residual-RMRt (r=0.58; rho=0.58). Over long intervals, repeatability of residual-RMRt was high in virgin females (r=0.59; rho=0.60), but not in the breeders (r=0.38; rho=0.39); body mass was repeatable only for non-breeders measured by r (r=0.55). There was no significant correlation between RMRt or residual-RMRt and litter size or litter mass. In conclusion, RMRt and residual-RMRt are highly repeatable traits in virgin MF1 female mice. The lack of association between non-reproductive RMRt and reproductive performance in MF1 mice does not come about because of its poor repeatability.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Duarte
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK
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39
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Seppänen E, Piironen J, Huuskonen H. Consistency of standard metabolic rate in relation to life history strategy of juvenile Atlantic salmon Salmo salar. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2010; 156:278-84. [PMID: 20188207 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2010.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2009] [Revised: 02/18/2010] [Accepted: 02/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Temporal consistency of relative standard metabolic rate (rSMR) of individual Atlantic salmon Salmo salar juveniles in three stocks was investigated. The stocks differed in their geographical origin and natal habitat (fresh water, brackish water, seawater). Oxygen consumption measurements of hatchery-reared fish hatched in February 2005 were conducted three times: in early spring 2006, in autumn 2006, and in late spring 2007. The results partly disagreed and partly agreed with earlier studies, in which temporal consistency of SMR in juvenile salmonids have been addressed. In the first period from early spring to autumn, no correlation between rSMR statuses of individuals was found whereas in the second period from autumn to late spring, fish were mainly observed to maintain their relative SMR level indicating a significant repeatability of individual rSMR status over the latter period. Furthermore, a relationship between rSMR status and life history strategy was found: post-smolts and smolts had higher SMR than non-smolts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eila Seppänen
- Finnish Game and Fisheries Research Institute, Laasalantie 9, FI-58175 Enonkoski, Finland.
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40
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Larivée ML, Boutin S, Speakman JR, McAdam AG, Humphries MM. Associations between over-winter survival and resting metabolic rate in juvenile North American red squirrels. Funct Ecol 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2009.01680.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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41
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Welcker J, Moe B, Bech C, Fyhn M, Schultner J, Speakman JR, Gabrielsen GW. Evidence for an intrinsic energetic ceiling in free-ranging kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla. J Anim Ecol 2009; 79:205-13. [PMID: 19817918 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2009.01626.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
1. The rate at which free-living animals can expend energy is limited but the causes of this limitation are not well understood. Theoretically, energy expenditure may be intrinsically limited by physiological properties of the animal constraining its capacity to process energy. Alternatively, the limitation could be set extrinsically by the amount of energy available in the environment or by a fitness trade-off in terms of reduced future survival associated with elevated metabolism. 2. We measured daily energy expenditure (DEE) using the doubly labelled water method in chick-rearing black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) at a study site close to the northern limit of their breeding range over 5 years. We measured breeding success, foraging trip duration and diet composition as proxies of resource availability during these years and estimated the probability of parent kittiwakes to return to the colony in relation to their energy expenditure in order to determine whether kittiwakes adjust their DEE in response to variation in prey availability and whether elevated DEE is associated with a decrease in adult survival. 3. We found that DEE was strikingly similar across all five study years. There was no evidence that energy expenditure was limited by resource availability that varied considerably among study years. Furthermore, there was no evidence of a negative effect of DEE on adult return rate, which does not support the hypothesis of a survival cost connected to elevated energy expenditure. 4. The additional lack of variation in DEE with respect to ambient temperature, brood size or between sexes suggests that kittiwakes at a time of peak energy demands may operate close to an intrinsic metabolic ceiling independent of extrinsic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorg Welcker
- Norwegian Polar Institute, Polarmiljøsenteret, NO-9296 Tromsø, Norway.
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42
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Millidine KJ, Metcalfe NB, Armstrong JD. Presence of a conspecific causes divergent changes in resting metabolism, depending on its relative size. Proc Biol Sci 2009; 276:3989-93. [PMID: 19710067 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2009.1219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that the average metabolism of many species of fish varies with group size. However, it is not clear whether all individuals respond in the same way. Here, we use a newly calibrated method of measuring the metabolic rate of fish from opercular (ventilatory) movements that allows for the first-time estimation of changes in resting metabolic rate (RMR) of each individual within different social groups and when alone. The presence of a conspecific had divergent effects on the RMR of juvenile Atlantic salmon Salmo salar, depending on its relative body size: the presence of a smaller fish caused a 40 per cent reduction, whereas the presence of a slightly larger fish approximately doubled RMR. These effects occurred in the absence of activity and were sustained at lower magnitude in the case of the relatively smaller conspecific even if a transparent barrier prevented any physical interactions between fish. Changes in RMR were mirrored by changes in eye colour that indicate they were linked to stress levels. These contrasting and strong responses show that even the nearby presence of a conspecific can have profound and variable effects on an individual's energy budget; they also highlight the complex trade-offs involved in social interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Millidine
- Marine Scotland Freshwater Laboratory, Faskally, Pitlochry PH16 5LB, UK.
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43
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Broggi J, Hohtola E, Koivula K, Orell M, Nilsson J�. Long-term repeatability of winter basal metabolic rate and mass in a wild passerine. Funct Ecol 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2009.01561.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Williams TD, Vézina F, Speakman JR. Individually variable energy management during egg production is repeatable across breeding attempts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 212:1101-5. [PMID: 19329743 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.026815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
It is axiomatic that whole-animal metabolism, measured for example as daily energy expenditure (DEE), plays a central role in determining reproductive success and survival (fitness) in all organisms. Nevertheless, strong evidence for consistent systematic relationships between DEE and either individual traits (age, sex, body size), environmental factors (e.g. food availability, temperature) or 'fitness' traits (e.g. number of offspring, survival) remains far from compelling in birds and mammals. Recently, we suggested that female birds might utilise complex, individually variable energy management strategies to meet the metabolic demands of reproduction, generating a wide spectrum of effects on reproductive DEE, from overcompensation (net decrease in DEE) to additive effects (net increase in DEE). Here we show that this individually variable adjustment or 'plasticity' in energy expenditure associated with egg production is repeatable among individuals between successive breeding attempts in female zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata). Our study highlights the importance (a) of measuring 'plasticity' or change associated with transitions of physiological state (e.g. non-breeding to breeding) based on multiple measurements of the same individual, and (b) of extending consideration of how selection might drive the evolution of phenotypic plasticity per se to include physiological and metabolic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony D Williams
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, Canada, V5A 1S6.
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45
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Mathot KJ, Godde S, Careau V, Thomas DW, Giraldeau LA. Testing dynamic variance-sensitive foraging using individual differences in basal metabolic rates of zebra finches. OIKOS 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2009.17357.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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46
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Boratyński Z, Koteja P. The association between body mass, metabolic rates and survival of bank voles. Funct Ecol 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2008.01505.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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47
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Artacho P, Nespolo R. Intrapopulation Variation in the Standard Metabolism of a Terrestrial Mollusc: Repeatability of the CO2Production in the Land SnailHelix aspersa. Physiol Biochem Zool 2009; 82:181-9. [DOI: 10.1086/590222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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48
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Spencer KA, Verhulst S. Post-natal exposure to corticosterone affects standard metabolic rate in the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2008; 159:250-6. [PMID: 18854187 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2008.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2007] [Revised: 08/27/2008] [Accepted: 09/16/2008] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Post-natal stress has been shown to have important short and long term effects on many adult traits in birds. During stress, metabolic alterations often result in the mobilization of energy away from energy-sensitive functions such as growth, which could have significant implications for developing animals. However, little is known about the implications of stress hormones for energy consumption in growing individuals. We experimentally increased corticosterone (CORT) levels in nestling zebra finches via oral administration, between the ages of 7 and 18 days. The standard metabolic rate (SMR) of birds was measured twice overnight when birds were between 11-13 and 55-65 days of age. Developmental CORT administration significantly elevated overnight variability in SMR (sd) in nestling birds (during the treatment period), but not at 55-65 days (5-6 weeks after the treatment period). The effect on variability was seen more prominently in birds from larger brood sizes and in females. We found no effects of our treatments on mean SMR overnight. However, brood size and sex had interactive effects, with males from larger brood sizes having higher SMR at 55-65 days of age. These results suggest that stress hormones can have significant effects on energy metabolism and possibly nocturnal arousal and sleep fragmentation. However, there were no detectable long term effects of our treatments on SMR, suggesting that these effects are only short-lived, in order to maintain homeostasis in the short term.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Spencer
- Division of Environmental and Evolutionary Biology, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
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49
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Versteegh MA, Helm B, Dingemanse NJ, Tieleman BI. Repeatability and individual correlates of basal metabolic rate and total evaporative water loss in birds: A case study in European stonechats. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2008; 150:452-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2008.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2008] [Revised: 05/12/2008] [Accepted: 05/12/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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50
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Cavieres G, Sabat P. Geographic variation in the response to thermal acclimation in rufous-collared sparrows: are physiological flexibility and environmental heterogeneity correlated? Funct Ecol 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2008.01382.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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