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Herbert Mainero A, Al‐Jufaili SM, Jawad L, Reichenbacher B. Sex dimorphism and evidence of sexually selected traits: A case study on the killifish
Aphaniops stoliczkanus
(Day, 1872). ACTA ZOOL-STOCKHOLM 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/azo.12436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Herbert Mainero
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology and Geobiology Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München Munich Germany
| | - Saud M. Al‐Jufaili
- Department of Marine Science and Fisheries Sultan Qaboos University Muscat Sultanate of Oman
| | - Laith Jawad
- School of Environmental and Animal Sciences Unitec Institute of Technology Auckland New Zealand
| | - Bettina Reichenbacher
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology and Geobiology Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München Munich Germany
- GeoBio‐Center Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München Munich Germany
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2
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Strategic growth in social vertebrates. Trends Ecol Evol 2022; 37:694-705. [PMID: 35484023 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2022.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Individual differences in growth and size of vertebrates often represent adaptive, plastic responses to contrasts in ecological conditions. Recent studies show that vertebrates can also modify their growth and size in an adaptive fashion in response to fine-grain changes in social conditions (which we refer to as strategic growth). Here, we review experimental evidence for strategic growth in social vertebrates. We describe a set of conditions under which strategic growth commonly occurs, and highlight potential examples of convergent evolution of strategic growth across the tree of life. This synthesis has implications for the way we think about organismal growth and size, because it underscores that the size of individuals can often be fine-tuned to their social environment.
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Freitas MO, Abilhoa V. Reproductive biology of the tarpon snook Centropomus pectinatus (Perciformes, Centropomidae) in estuarine waters in the south-western Atlantic. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2017; 91:686-694. [PMID: 28776707 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The reproductive biology of Centropomus pectinatus is described from an artisanal fish landings collaborative monitoring programme between May 2012 and April 2013 in estuarine waters in north-eastern Brazil. The total length (LT ) at which 50% are mature was 24 cm, corresponding to 37·7% of the maximum recorded LT . Gonado-somatic indices were variable, but highest values were in June and August 2012. Length-frequency distributions showed male dominance in smaller length classes (15-30 cm) and females in larger length classes (>30 cm).
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Affiliation(s)
- M O Freitas
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Engenharia Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- Instituto Meros do Brasil, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Ictiofauna, Museu de História Natural Capão da Imbuia, Rua Professor Benedito Conceição 407, 82810-080 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - V Abilhoa
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Ictiofauna, Museu de História Natural Capão da Imbuia, Rua Professor Benedito Conceição 407, 82810-080 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Hoffmann GCS, Freitas MO, Moura RL, Previero M, Abilhoa V. Reproductive biology of Haemulon plumierii in the south-western Atlantic Ocean's most extensive reefs: implications for fisheries management. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2017; 90:2111-2124. [PMID: 28321878 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The reproductive biology of the white grunt Haemulon plumierii was studied from 360 individuals obtained from artisanal fisheries landings in the Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, between August 2010 and March 2012. The overall sex-ratio did not differ significantly from 1:1, although males predominated in larger size classes. β-Binomial modelling of historical sex-ratio data indicated that the catch rate of females has increased in recent years. Females reached maturity at a smaller total length (LT ; 214 mm) than males (235 mm LT ) and the LT at which 50% of all individuals are mature (L50 ) was 220 mm, corresponding to 41·5% of the maximum recorded LT . Variation in the gonado-somatic index and in the relative frequency of reproductive stages indicates that reproduction occurs year round, with increased activity during the austral spring and summer. Fecundity was not size dependent. The reproductive parameters provided here can support management measures focussed on seasonal closures during spawning peaks (September to November and February to March) and minimum sizes (>L50 ) for the capture of this important artisanal fisheries resource in Abrolhos, the region with the largest and most biodiverse coralline reefs in the South Atlantic Ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- G C S Hoffmann
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Caixa Postal 19031, 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - M O Freitas
- Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Pacheco Leão 915, 22.460-000, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Ictiofauna, Museu de História Natural Capão da Imbuia, Prefeitura de Curitiba, Rua Professor Benedito Conceição 407, 82810-080, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - R L Moura
- Instituto de Biologia and SAGE/COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundão, 21.941-972, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - M Previero
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Oceanografia, Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, 05508-120, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - V Abilhoa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Caixa Postal 19031, 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Ictiofauna, Museu de História Natural Capão da Imbuia, Prefeitura de Curitiba, Rua Professor Benedito Conceição 407, 82810-080, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Clark W, Leclercq E, Migaud H, Nairn J, Davie A. Isolation, identification and characterisation of ballan wrasse Labrus bergylta plasma pigment. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2016; 89:2070-2084. [PMID: 27501866 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study confirmed that observations of blue-green colouration in plasma fractions of the ballan wrasse Labrus bergylta were caused by the linear tetra-pyrrole biliverdin and that the molecule was of the physiologically relevant IXα isomer. Accumulation appears driven by chromogenic association with an unknown protein moiety which precludes enzymatic reduction and would suggest active management. It was demonstrated that the pigment did not fluctuate relative to ontogeny, or indeed binary gender in the species of interest, but mobilisation and depletion in the subset of individuals undergoing sex change at the time of study supports a potential association with gender inversion processes. It is of note that although biliverdin does have some effect on external colouration, the evidence is indicative that crypsis is a supplementary function thus other factors must be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Clark
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, Scotland, U.K
| | - E Leclercq
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, Scotland, U.K
| | - H Migaud
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, Scotland, U.K
| | - J Nairn
- School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9TS, Scotland, U.K
| | - A Davie
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, Scotland, U.K..
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Andrew meets Rensch: sexual size dimorphism and the inverse of Rensch's rule in Andrew's toad (Bufo andrewsi). Oecologia 2014; 177:389-99. [PMID: 25407623 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-014-3147-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Variation in sexual size dimorphism (SSD) is a widespread phenomenon and is commonly attributed to variation in sex-specific patterns of selection. According to Rensch's rule, SSD increases with increasing body size when males are the larger sex, and decreases when females are the larger sex. Using data from 17 populations of Andrew's toad (Bufo andrewsi), we tested whether the patterns of SSD conform to Rensch's rule. Using field experiments, we also evaluated the hypothesis that sexual selection favours large male body size and that fecundity selection favours large female body size. The results revealed that the degree of SSD increased with increasing mean size in females, consistent with the inverse of Rensch's rule. Although experiments revealed evidence for a large-male mating advantage, selection for large male size was weak at best, and hence unlikely to be an important source of variation in SSD. However, fecundity selection favouring large females was evident, and likely to explain the observed inverse of Rensch's rule. After correcting male and female body size for age differences, the patterns of SSD remained the same, suggesting that the intra- and interpopulational variation in SSD is not driven by sex differences in age structure. Hence, these findings suggest that the strong fecundity selection favouring large females drives the evolution of female-biased SSD in B. andrewsi, providing an explanation for the inverse of Rensch's rule. As such, the study provides an important addition to the small body of literature that uses an intraspecific approach to demonstrate the inverse of Rensch's rule.
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Kuo CC, Wang CF, Tsai JI, Feng FL, Huang KW. Altitudinal variation in body size in Abacarus panticis Keifer (Acari: Eriophyidae). Ecol Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11284-013-1090-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Erisman BE, Petersen CW, Hastings PA, Warner RR. Phylogenetic perspectives on the evolution of functional hermaphroditism in teleost fishes. Integr Comp Biol 2013; 53:736-54. [PMID: 23817661 DOI: 10.1093/icb/ict077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hermaphroditism is taxonomically widespread among teleost fishes and takes on many forms including simultaneous, protogynous, and protandrous hermaphroditism, bidirectional sex change, and androdioecy. The proximate mechanisms that influence the timing, incidence, and forms of hermaphroditism in fishes are supported by numerous theoretical and empirical studies on their mating systems and sexual patterns, but few have examined aspects of sex-allocation theory or the evolution of hermaphroditism for this group within a strict phylogenetic context. Fortunately, species-level phylogenetic reconstructions of the evolutionary history of many lineages of fishes have emerged, providing opportunities for understanding fine-scale evolutionary pathways and transformations of sex allocation. Examinations of several families of fishes with adequate data on phylogeny, patterns of sex allocation, mating systems, and with some form of hermaphroditism reveal that the evolution and expression of protogyny and other forms of sex allocation show little evidence of phylogenetic inertia within specific lineages but rather are associated with particular mating systems in accordance with prevalent theories about sex allocation. Transformations from protogyny to gonochorism in groupers (Epinephelidae), seabasses (Serranidae), and wrasses and parrotfishes (Labridae) are associated with equivalent transformations in the structure of mating groups from spawning of pairs to group spawning and related increases in sperm competition. Similarly, patterns of protandry, androdioecy, simultaneous hermaphroditism, and bidirectional sex change in other lineages (Aulopiformes, Gobiidae, and Pomacentridae) match well with particular mating systems in accordance with sex-allocation theory. Unlike other animals and plants, we did not find evidence that transitions between hermaphroditism and gonochorism required functional intermediates. Two instances in which our general conclusions might not hold include the expression of protandry in the Sparidae and the distribution of simultaneous hermaphroditism. In the Sparidae, the association of hypothesized mating systems and patterns of sex allocation were not always consistent with the size-advantage model (SAM), in that certain protandric sparids show evidence of intense sperm competition that should favor the expression of gonochorism. In the other case, simultaneous hermaphroditism does not occur in some groups of monogamous fishes, which are similar in ecology to the hermaphroditic serranines, suggesting that this form of sex allocation may be more limited by phylogenetic inertia. Overall, this work strongly supports sexual lability within teleost fishes and confirms evolutionary theories of sex allocation in this group of vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad E Erisman
- *Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; College of the Atlantic, 105 Eden Street, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA; Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
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Pyron M, Pitcher TE, Jacquemin SJ. Evolution of mating systems and sexual size dimorphism in North American cyprinids. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-013-1498-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Frynta D, Baudyšová J, Hradcová P, Faltusová K, Kratochvíl L. Allometry of sexual size dimorphism in domestic dog. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46125. [PMID: 23049956 PMCID: PMC3458007 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tendency for male-larger sexual size dimorphism (SSD) to scale with body size - a pattern termed Rensch's rule - has been empirically supported in many animal lineages. Nevertheless, its theoretical elucidation is a subject of debate. Here, we exploited the extreme morphological variability of domestic dog (Canis familiaris) to gain insights into evolutionary causes of this rule. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We studied SSD and its allometry among 74 breeds ranging in height from less than 19 cm in Chihuahua to about 84 cm in Irish wolfhound. In total, the dataset included 6,221 individuals. We demonstrate that most dog breeds are male-larger, and SSD in large breeds is comparable to SSD of their wolf ancestor. Among breeds, SSD becomes smaller with decreasing body size. The smallest breeds are nearly monomorphic. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE SSD among dog breeds follows the pattern consistent with Rensch's rule. The variability of body size and corresponding changes in SSD among breeds of a domestic animal shaped by artificial selection can help to better understand processes leading to emergence of Rensch's rule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Frynta
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Baudyšová
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Hradcová
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Faltusová
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Kratochvíl
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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Phylogenetic Patterns of Sexual Size Dimorphism in Turtles and Their Implications for Rensch’s Rule. Evol Biol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11692-012-9199-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Sprenger D, Dingemanse NJ, Dochtermann NA, Theobald J, Walker SPW. Aggressive females become aggressive males in a sex-changing reef fish. Ecol Lett 2012; 15:986-92. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2012.01819.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Revised: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Sprenger
- Animal Evolutionary Ecology; Institute for Ecology and Evolution, University of Tübingen; 72076; Tübingen; Germany
| | | | - Ned A. Dochtermann
- Department of Biological Sciences; North Dakota State University; ND; 58102; USA
| | - Jennifer Theobald
- Animal Evolutionary Ecology; Institute for Ecology and Evolution, University of Tübingen; 72076; Tübingen; Germany
| | - Stefan P. W. Walker
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, and the School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University; Townsville, QLD; Australia
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Kavanagh PH, Lehnebach CA, Shea MJ, Burns KC. Allometry of sexual size dimorphism in dioecious plants: do plants obey Rensch's rule? Am Nat 2011; 178:596-601. [PMID: 22030729 DOI: 10.1086/662175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Rensch's rule refers to a pattern in sexual size dimorphism (SSD) in which SSD decreases with body size when females are the larger sex and increases with body size when males are the larger sex. Many animal taxa conform to Rensch's rule, but it has yet to be investigated in plants. Using herbarium collections from New Zealand, we characterized the size of leaves and stems of 297 individuals from 38 dioecious plant species belonging to three distantly related phylogenetic lineages. Statistical comparisons of leaf sizes between males and females showed evidence for Rensch's rule in two of the three lineages, indicating SSD decreases with leaf size when females produce larger leaves and increases with leaf size when males produce larger leaves. A similar pattern in SSD was observed for stem sizes. However, in this instance, females of small-stemmed species produced much larger stems than did males, but as stem sizes increased, SSD often disappeared. We hypothesize that sexual dimorphism in stem sizes results from selection for larger stems in females, which must provide mechanical support for seeds, fruits, and dispersal vectors, and that scaling relationships in leaf sizes result from correlated evolution with stem sizes. The overall results suggest that selection for larger female stem sizes to support the weight of offspring can give rise to Rensch's rule in dioecious plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H Kavanagh
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand
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Unusual allometry for sexual size dimorphism in a cichlid where males are extremely larger than females. J Biosci 2011; 35:257-65. [PMID: 20689182 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-010-0030-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
When males are the larger sex, a positive allometric relationship between male and female sizes is often found across populations of a single species (i.e. Rensch's rule). This pattern is typically explained by a sexual selection pressure on males. Here, we report that the allometric relationship was negative across populations of a shell-brooding cichlid fish Lamprologus callipterus, although males are extremely larger than females. Male L. callipterus collect and defend empty snail shells in each of which a female breeds. We found that, across six populations, male and female sizes are positively correlated with not only sexual and fecundity selection indices, but also with shell sizes. Given their different reproductive behaviours, these correlations mean that males are required to be more powerful, and thus larger, to transport larger shells, while female bodies are reduced to the shell size to enable them to enter the shells. Among the three size selections (sexual selection, fecundity selection and shell size), shell size explained the allometry, suggesting that females are more strongly subject to size selection associated with shell size availability than males. However, the allometry was violated when considering an additional population where size-selection regimes of males differed from that of other populations. Therefore, sexual size allometry will be violated by body size divergence induced by multiple selection regimes.
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Walker S, Thibaut L, McCormick M. Density‐Dependent Sex Ratio Adjustment and the Allee Effect: A Model and a Test Using a Sex‐Changing Fish. Am Nat 2010; 176:312-21. [DOI: 10.1086/655219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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