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Mucientes G, Fernández‐Chacón A, Queiroz N, Sims DW, Villegas‐Ríos D. Juvenile survival and movements of two threatened oceanic sharks in the North Atlantic Ocean inferred from tag-recovery data. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10198. [PMID: 37351477 PMCID: PMC10283031 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding population dynamics, movements, and fishing mortality is critical to establish effective shark conservation measures across international boundaries in the ocean. There are few survival and dispersal estimates of juveniles of oceanic shark species in the North Atlantic despite it being one of the most fished regions in the world. Here we provide estimates of dispersal, survival, and proportion of fishing mortality in the North Atlantic for two threatened oceanic sharks: the blue shark (Prionace glauca) and the shortfin mako shark (Isurus oxyrinchus). Our results are based on multi-event models applied to tag-recovery data of 700 blue sharks and 132 shortfin makos tagged over a decade. A total of 60 blue sharks (8.57% of tagged) and 30 makos (22.73%) were recovered by the longline fishery between 2009 and 2017. Tag-reporting rate (percentage of returned information when a tagged shark was caught) was estimated to be high (0.794 ± 0.232 SE). Mean annual survival, as predicted from the models, was higher for blue shark (0.835 ± 0.040 SE) than for shortfin mako (0.618 ± 0.189 SE). Models predicted that fishing caused more than a half of total mortality in the study area for both species (0.576 ± 0.209), and more than a third of tagged individuals dispersed from the study area permanently (0.359 ± 0.073). Our findings, focused mainly on juveniles from oceanic areas, contribute to a better understanding of shark population dynamics in the North Atlantic and highlight the need for further conservation measures for both blue shark and shortfin mako, such as implementing efficient bycatch mitigation measures and static/dynamic time-area closures in the open ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Mucientes
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIM‐CSIC)VigoSpain
- Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado (CIBIO‐InBIO)Universidade do PortoVairãoPortugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land PlanningCIBIOVairãoPortugal
| | - Albert Fernández‐Chacón
- Department of Natural Sciences, Centre for Coastal ResearchUniversity of AgderKristiansandNorway
- North Atlantic Marine Mammal CommissionTromsøNorway
| | - Nuno Queiroz
- Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado (CIBIO‐InBIO)Universidade do PortoVairãoPortugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land PlanningCIBIOVairãoPortugal
| | - David W. Sims
- Marine Biological AssociationPlymouthUK
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre SouthamptonUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - David Villegas‐Ríos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIM‐CSIC)VigoSpain
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Nuijten RJM, Katzner TE, Allen AM, Bijleveld AI, Boorsma T, Börger L, Cagnacci F, Hart T, Henley MA, Herren RM, Kok EMA, Maree B, Nebe B, Shohami D, Vogel SM, Walker P, Heitkönig IMA, Milner‐Gulland EJ. Priorities for translating goodwill between movement ecologists and conservation practitioners into effective collaboration. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.12870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rascha J. M. Nuijten
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Conservation Science, Department of Biology University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Wageningen University and Research Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Todd E. Katzner
- U.S. Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center Boise Idaho USA
| | - Andrew M. Allen
- Department of Animal Ecology Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW) Wageningen The Netherlands
- Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology Radboud University Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Allert I. Bijleveld
- Department of Coastal Systems NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research Den Burg The Netherlands
| | - Tjalle Boorsma
- Asociación Civil Armonía Santa Cruz de la Sierra Bolivia
| | - Luca Börger
- Department of Biosciences Swansea University Swansea UK
| | - Francesca Cagnacci
- Animal Ecology Unit, Research and Innovation Centre Fondazione Edmund Mach San Michele all'Adige Italy
| | - Tom Hart
- Department of Zoology University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | - Michelle A. Henley
- Applied Behavioural Ecology and Environmental Research Unit University of South Africa Pretoria South Africa
- Elephants Alive Limpopo South Africa
| | | | - Eva M. A. Kok
- Department of Coastal Systems NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research Den Burg The Netherlands
| | | | | | - David Shohami
- Movement Ecology Lab, Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, Faculty of Science The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem Israel
| | - Susanne Marieke Vogel
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Biology Aarhus University Aarhus C Denmark
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Biology Aarhus University Aarhus C Denmark
| | | | - Ignas M. A. Heitkönig
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Wageningen University and Research Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - E. J. Milner‐Gulland
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Conservation Science, Department of Biology University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom
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3
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Shark Fishing vs. Conservation: Analysis and Synthesis. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14159548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The expanding shark fin market has resulted in intensive global shark fishing and with 90% of teleost fish stocks over-exploited, sharks have become the most lucrative target. As predators, they have high ecological value, are sensitive to fishing pressure, and are in decline, but the secretive nature of the fin trade and difficulties obtaining relevant data, obscure their true status. In consumer countries, shark fin is a luxury item and rich consumers pay high prices with little interest in sustainability or legal trade. Thus, market demand will continue to fuel the shark hunt and those accessible to fishing fleets are increasingly endangered. Current legal protections are not working, as exemplified by the case of the shortfin mako shark, and claims that sharks can be sustainably fished under these circumstances are shown to be misguided. In the interests of averting a catastrophic collapse across the planet’s aquatic ecosystems, sharks and their habitats must be given effective protection. We recommend that all sharks, chimaeras, manta rays, devil rays, and rhino rays be protected from international trade through an immediate CITES Appendix I listing. However, a binding international agreement for the protection of biodiversity in general is what is needed.
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Mehlrose MR, Bernard AM, Finnegan KA, Krausfeldt LE, Lopez JV, Shivji MS. Three complete mitochondrial genomes of shortfin mako sharks, Isurus oxyrinchus, from the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2022; 7:652-654. [PMID: 35434361 PMCID: PMC9009892 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2022.2060768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We present complete mitogenome sequences of three shortfin mako sharks (Isurus oxyrinchus) sampled from the western Pacific, and eastern and western Atlantic oceans. Mitogenome sequence lengths ranged between 16,699 bp and 16,702 bp, and all three mitogenomes contained one non-coding control region, two rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and 13 protein-coding genes. Comparative assessment of five mitogenomes from globally distributed shortfin makos (the current three and two previously published mitogenomes) yielded 98.4% identity, with the protein-coding genes ATP8, ATP6, and ND5 as the most variable regions (sequence identities of 96.4%, 96.5%, and 97.6%, respectively). These mitogenome sequences contribute resources for assessing the genetic population dynamics of this endangered oceanic apex predator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa R. Mehlrose
- Save Our Seas Foundation Shark Research Center, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Andrea M. Bernard
- Save Our Seas Foundation Shark Research Center, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Kimberly A. Finnegan
- Save Our Seas Foundation Shark Research Center, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Lauren E. Krausfeldt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Halmos College of Arts and Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Jose V. Lopez
- Department of Biological Sciences, Halmos College of Arts and Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Mahmood S. Shivji
- Save Our Seas Foundation Shark Research Center, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
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Abstract
This article outlines recent events concerning the conservation and management trajectory of a highly migratory shark species, the shortfin mako (Isurus oxyrinchus), in the North Atlantic, where it has been routinely captured recreationally and as part of commercial fishing operations alongside other species. Noting recent warnings concerning the high mortality of the species in this ocean region, and the threat of imminent population collapse, this article sets out a number of applicable law of the sea provisions, and carries out an evaluation of relevant measures for target and incidental capture species, discussing their applicability to the mako fishery. It also presents an analysis of regional and global governance actions taken to date by the international community and by individual actors, noting a number of shortfalls, and outlining potential responses.
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Hays GC, Laloë J, Rattray A, Esteban N. Why do Argos satellite tags stop relaying data? Ecol Evol 2021; 11:7093-7101. [PMID: 34141278 PMCID: PMC8207149 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Satellite tracking of animals is very widespread across a range of marine, freshwater, and terrestrial taxa. Despite the high cost of tags and the advantages of long deployments, the reasons why tracking data from tags stop being received are rarely considered, but possibilities include shedding of the tag, damage to the tag (e.g., the aerial), biofouling, battery exhaustion, or animal mortality.We show how information relayed via satellite tags can be used to assess why tracking data stop being received. As a case study to illustrate general approaches that are broadly applicable across taxa, we examined data from Fastloc-GPS Argos tags deployed between 2012 and 2019 on 78 sea turtles of two species, the green turtle (Chelonia mydas) and the hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata).Tags transmitted for a mean of 267 days (SD = 113 days, range: 26-687 days, median = 251 days). In 68 of 78 (87%) cases, battery failure was implicated as the reason why tracking data stopped being received. Some biofouling of the saltwater switches, which synchronize transmissions with surfacing, was evident in a few tags but never appeared to be the reason that data reception ceased.Objectively assessing why tags fail will direct improvements to tag design, setup, and deployment regardless of the study taxa. Assessing why satellite tags stop transmitting will also inform on the fate of tagged animals, for example, whether they are alive or dead at the end of the study, which may allow improved estimates of survival rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme C. Hays
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesDeakin UniversityGeelongVic.Australia
| | | | - Alex Rattray
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesDeakin UniversityGeelongVic.Australia
| | - Nicole Esteban
- Faculty of Science and EngineeringSwansea UniversitySwanseaUK
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Jorgensen SJ, Micheli F, White TD, Van Houtan KS, Alfaro-Shigueto J, Andrzejaczek S, Arnoldi NS, Baum JK, Block B, Britten GL, Butner C, Caballero S, Cardeñosa D, Chapple TK, Clarke S, Cortés E, Dulvy NK, Fowler S, Gallagher AJ, Gilman E, Godley BJ, Graham RT, Hammerschlag N, Harry AV, Heithaus M, Hutchinson M, Huveneers C, Lowe CG, Lucifora LO, MacKeracher T, Mangel JC, Barbosa Martins AP, McCauley DJ, McClenachan L, Mull C, Natanson LJ, Pauly D, Pazmiño DA, Pistevos JCA, Queiroz N, Roff G, Shea BD, Simpfendorfer CA, Sims DW, Ward-Paige C, Worm B, Ferretti F. Emergent research and priorities for shark and ray conservation. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2021. [DOI: 10.3354/esr01169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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8
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Gelsleichter J, Sparkman G, Howey LA, Brooks EJ, Shipley ON. Elevated accumulation of the toxic metal mercury in the Critically Endangered oceanic whitetip shark Carcharhinus longimanus from the northwestern Atlantic Ocean. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2020. [DOI: 10.3354/esr01068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The oceanic whitetip shark Carcharhinus longimanus is a widely distributed large pelagic shark species once considered abundant in tropical and warm temperate waters, but recently listed as Critically Endangered by the IUCN due to drastic population declines associated with overfishing. In addition to risks posed to its populations due to overexploitation, oceanic whitetip sharks are also capable of accumulating elevated quantities of harmful environmental toxicants, placing them at special risk from anthropogenic pollution. Herein, we provide the first data on accumulation of the toxic, non-essential metal mercury (Hg) in northwest Atlantic (NWA) oceanic whitetip sharks, focusing on aggregations occurring at Cat Island, The Bahamas. Total Hg (THg) concentrations were measured in muscle of 26 oceanic whitetip sharks and compared with animal length and muscle δ15N to evaluate potential drivers of Hg accumulation. THg concentrations were also measured in fin and blood subcomponents (red blood cells and plasma) to determine their value as surrogates for assessing Hg burden. Muscle THg concentrations were among the highest ever reported for a shark species and correlated significantly with animal length, but not muscle δ15N. Fin, red blood cell, and plasma THg concentrations were significantly correlated with muscle THg. Fin THg content was best suited for use as a surrogate for estimating internal Hg burden because of its strong relationship with muscle THg levels, whereas blood THg levels may be better suited for characterizing recent Hg exposure. We conclude that Hg poses health risks to NWA oceanic whitetip sharks and human consumers of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gelsleichter
- University of North Florida, 1 UNF Dr, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - G Sparkman
- University of North Florida, 1 UNF Dr, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - LA Howey
- Johns Hopkins University, 100 International Dr., Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
- Haiti Ocean Project, #10, Dupuy 1, Petite Riviere de Nippes, Haiti
| | - EJ Brooks
- Cape Eleuthera Institute, Eleuthera, The Bahamas
| | - ON Shipley
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
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9
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Comparative eye and liver differentially expressed genes reveal monochromatic vision and cancer resistance in the shortfin mako shark (Isurus oxyrinchus). Genomics 2020; 112:4817-4826. [PMID: 32890699 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The shortfin mako, Isurus oxyrinchus is an oceanic pelagic shark found worldwide in tropical and subtropical waters. However, the understanding of its biology at molecular level is still incipient. We sequenced the messenger RNA isolated from eye and liver tissues. De novo transcriptome yielded a total of 705,940 transcripts. A total of 3774 genes were differentially expressed (DEGs), with 1612 in the eye and 2162 in the liver. Most DEGs in the eye were related to structural and signaling functions, including nonocular and ocular opsin genes, whereas nine out of ten most overexpressed genes in the liver were related to tumor suppression, wound healing, and human diseases. Furthermore, DEGs findings provide insights on the monochromatic shark vision and a repertory of cancer-related genes, which may be insightful to elucidate shark resistance to cancer. Therefore, our results provide valuable sequence resources for future functional and population studies.
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10
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Armstrong AJ, Armstrong AO, McGregor F, Richardson AJ, Bennett MB, Townsend KA, Hays GC, van Keulen M, Smith J, Dudgeon CL. Satellite Tagging and Photographic Identification Reveal Connectivity Between Two UNESCO World Heritage Areas for Reef Manta Rays. FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE 2020; 7. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2020.00725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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11
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Ferretti F, Jacoby DMP, Pfleger MO, White TD, Dent F, Micheli F, Rosenberg AA, Crowder LB, Block BA. Shark fin trade bans and sustainable shark fisheries. Conserv Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Ferretti
- Department of Fish and Wildlife ConservationVirginia Tech 310 West Campus drive Blacksburg 24060 USA
- Hopkins Marine StationStanford University Pacific Grove California
| | | | | | | | - Felix Dent
- Independent Fisheries and Agriculture Market Analyst Toronto ON Canada
| | - Fiorenza Micheli
- Hopkins Marine StationStanford University Pacific Grove California
- Center for Ocean SolutionsStanford University Pacific Grove California
| | - Andrew A. Rosenberg
- Center for Science and DemocracyUnion of Concerned Scientists Cambridge Massachusetts
| | - Larry B. Crowder
- Hopkins Marine StationStanford University Pacific Grove California
| | - Barbara A. Block
- Hopkins Marine StationStanford University Pacific Grove California
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12
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Global spatial risk assessment of sharks under the footprint of fisheries. Nature 2019; 572:461-466. [PMID: 31340216 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1444-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Effective ocean management and the conservation of highly migratory species depend on resolving the overlap between animal movements and distributions, and fishing effort. However, this information is lacking at a global scale. Here we show, using a big-data approach that combines satellite-tracked movements of pelagic sharks and global fishing fleets, that 24% of the mean monthly space used by sharks falls under the footprint of pelagic longline fisheries. Space-use hotspots of commercially valuable sharks and of internationally protected species had the highest overlap with longlines (up to 76% and 64%, respectively), and were also associated with significant increases in fishing effort. We conclude that pelagic sharks have limited spatial refuge from current levels of fishing effort in marine areas beyond national jurisdictions (the high seas). Our results demonstrate an urgent need for conservation and management measures at high-seas hotspots of shark space use, and highlight the potential of simultaneous satellite surveillance of megafauna and fishers as a tool for near-real-time, dynamic management.
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13
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Sergio F, Tanferna A, Blas J, Blanco G, Hiraldo F. Reliable methods for identifying animal deaths in
GPS
‐ and satellite‐tracking data: Review, testing, and calibration. J Appl Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Sergio
- Department of Conservation BiologyEstación Biológica de Doñana ‐ CSIC Seville Spain
| | - Alessandro Tanferna
- Department of Conservation BiologyEstación Biológica de Doñana ‐ CSIC Seville Spain
| | - Julio Blas
- Department of Conservation BiologyEstación Biológica de Doñana ‐ CSIC Seville Spain
| | - Guillermo Blanco
- Department of Evolutionary EcologyMuseum of Natural SciencesCSIC Madrid Spain
| | - Fernando Hiraldo
- Department of Conservation BiologyEstación Biológica de Doñana ‐ CSIC Seville Spain
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14
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Benson JF, Jorgensen SJ, O'Sullivan JB, Winkler C, White CF, Garcia‐Rodriguez E, Sosa‐Nishizaki O, Lowe CG. Juvenile survival, competing risks, and spatial variation in mortality risk of a marine apex predator. J Appl Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Connor F. White
- Monterey Bay Aquarium Monterey California
- Department of Biological SciencesCalifornia State University Long Beach California
| | | | | | - Christopher G. Lowe
- Department of Biological SciencesCalifornia State University Long Beach California
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15
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Byrne ME, Cortés E, Vaudo JJ, Harvey GCM, Sampson M, Wetherbee BM, Shivji M. Satellite telemetry reveals higher fishing mortality rates than previously estimated, suggesting overfishing of an apex marine predator. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 284:rspb.2017.0658. [PMID: 28768885 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.0658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Overfishing is a primary cause of population declines for many shark species of conservation concern. However, means of obtaining information on fishery interactions and mortality, necessary for the development of successful conservation strategies, are often fisheries-dependent and of questionable quality for many species of commercially exploited pelagic sharks. We used satellite telemetry as a fisheries-independent tool to document fisheries interactions, and quantify fishing mortality of the highly migratory shortfin mako shark (Isurus oxyrinchus) in the western North Atlantic Ocean. Forty satellite-tagged shortfin mako sharks tracked over 3 years entered the Exclusive Economic Zones of 19 countries and were harvested in fisheries of five countries, with 30% of tagged sharks harvested. Our tagging-derived estimates of instantaneous fishing mortality rates (F = 0.19-0.56) were 10-fold higher than previous estimates from fisheries-dependent data (approx. 0.015-0.024), suggesting data used in stock assessments may considerably underestimate fishing mortality. Additionally, our estimates of F were greater than those associated with maximum sustainable yield, suggesting a state of overfishing. This information has direct application to evaluations of stock status and for effective management of populations, and thus satellite tagging studies have potential to provide more accurate estimates of fishing mortality and survival than traditional fisheries-dependent methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Byrne
- Guy Harvey Research Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Dania Beach, FL 33004, USA
| | - Enric Cortés
- National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Panama City, FL 32408, USA
| | - Jeremy J Vaudo
- Guy Harvey Research Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Dania Beach, FL 33004, USA
| | - Guy C McN Harvey
- Guy Harvey Research Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Dania Beach, FL 33004, USA
| | - Mark Sampson
- Fish Finder Adventures, Ocean City, MD 21842, USA
| | - Bradley M Wetherbee
- Guy Harvey Research Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Dania Beach, FL 33004, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Mahmood Shivji
- Guy Harvey Research Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Dania Beach, FL 33004, USA
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