1
|
Seaton KE, Huang Y, Karuna S, Heptinstall JR, Brackett C, Chiong K, Zhang L, Yates NL, Sampson M, Rudnicki E, Juraska M, deCamp AC, Edlefsen PT, Mullins JI, Williamson C, Rossenkhan R, Giorgi EE, Kenny A, Angier H, Randhawa A, Weiner JA, Rojas M, Sarzotti-Kelsoe M, Zhang L, Sawant S, Ackerman ME, McDermott AB, Mascola JR, Hural J, McElrath MJ, Andrew P, Hidalgo JA, Clark J, Laher F, Orrell C, Frank I, Gonzales P, Edupuganti S, Mgodi N, Corey L, Morris L, Montefiori D, Cohen MS, Gilbert PB, Tomaras GD. Pharmacokinetic serum concentrations of VRC01 correlate with prevention of HIV-1 acquisition. EBioMedicine 2023; 93:104590. [PMID: 37300931 PMCID: PMC10363420 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The phase 2b proof-of-concept Antibody Mediated Prevention (AMP) trials showed that VRC01, an anti-HIV-1 broadly neutralising antibody (bnAb), prevented acquisition of HIV-1 sensitive to VRC01. To inform future study design and dosing regimen selection of candidate bnAbs, we investigated the association of VRC01 serum concentration with HIV-1 acquisition using AMP trial data. METHODS The case-control sample included 107 VRC01 recipients who acquired HIV-1 and 82 VRC01 recipients who remained without HIV-1 during the study. We measured VRC01 serum concentrations with a qualified pharmacokinetic (PK) Binding Antibody Multiplex Assay. We employed nonlinear mixed effects PK modelling to estimate daily-grid VRC01 concentrations. Cox regression models were used to assess the association of VRC01 concentration at exposure and baseline body weight, with the hazard of HIV-1 acquisition and prevention efficacy as a function of VRC01 concentration. We also compared fixed dosing vs. body weight-based dosing via simulations. FINDINGS Estimated VRC01 concentrations in VRC01 recipients without HIV-1 were higher than those in VRC01 recipients who acquired HIV-1. Body weight was inversely associated with HIV-1 acquisition among both placebo and VRC01 recipients but did not modify the prevention efficacy of VRC01. VRC01 concentration was inversely correlated with HIV-1 acquisition, and positively correlated with prevention efficacy of VRC01. Simulation studies suggest that fixed dosing may be comparable to weight-based dosing in overall predicted prevention efficacy. INTERPRETATION These findings suggest that bnAb serum concentration may be a useful marker for dosing regimen selection, and operationally efficient fixed dosing regimens could be considered for future trials of HIV-1 bnAbs. FUNDING Was provided by the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) (UM1 AI068614, to the HIV Vaccine Trials Network [HVTN]; UM1 AI068635, to the HVTN Statistical Data and Management Center [SDMC], Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center [FHCC]; 2R37 054165 to the FHCC; UM1 AI068618, to HVTN Laboratory Center, FHCC; UM1 AI068619, to the HPTN Leadership and Operations Center; UM1 AI068613, to the HIV Prevention Trials Network [HPTN] Laboratory Center; UM1 AI068617, to the HPTN SDMC; and P30 AI027757, to the Center for AIDS Research, Duke University (AI P30 AI064518) and University of Washington (P30 AI027757) Centers for AIDS Research; R37AI054165 from NIAID to the FHCC; and OPP1032144 CA-VIMC Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly E Seaton
- Duke Center for Human Systems Immunology, Departments of Surgery, Immunology, Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
| | - Yunda Huang
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
| | - Shelly Karuna
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Jack R Heptinstall
- Duke Center for Human Systems Immunology, Departments of Surgery, Immunology, Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Caroline Brackett
- Duke Center for Human Systems Immunology, Departments of Surgery, Immunology, Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Kelvin Chiong
- Duke Center for Human Systems Immunology, Departments of Surgery, Immunology, Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Lily Zhang
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Nicole L Yates
- Duke Center for Human Systems Immunology, Departments of Surgery, Immunology, Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Mark Sampson
- Duke Center for Human Systems Immunology, Departments of Surgery, Immunology, Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Erika Rudnicki
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Michal Juraska
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Allan C deCamp
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Paul T Edlefsen
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - James I Mullins
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA; Departments of Microbiology and Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Carolyn Williamson
- Division of Medical Virology, Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town and National Health Laboratory Service, South Africa
| | - Raabya Rossenkhan
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Elena E Giorgi
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Avi Kenny
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Heather Angier
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - April Randhawa
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Joshua A Weiner
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Michelle Rojas
- Duke Center for Human Systems Immunology, Departments of Surgery, Immunology, Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Marcella Sarzotti-Kelsoe
- Duke Center for Human Systems Immunology, Departments of Surgery, Immunology, Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Lu Zhang
- Duke Center for Human Systems Immunology, Departments of Surgery, Immunology, Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Sheetal Sawant
- Duke Center for Human Systems Immunology, Departments of Surgery, Immunology, Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | | | | | | | - John Hural
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - M Julianna McElrath
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | | | | | - Jesse Clark
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease and Department of Family Medicine in the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fatima Laher
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit (PHRU), Wits Health Consortium, Soweto, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Catherine Orrell
- Desmond Tutu Health Foundation, University of Cape Town (Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, and Department of Medicine), Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ian Frank
- Penn Center for AIDS Research, Infectious Disease Division, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard Building 421, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Pedro Gonzales
- Asociacion Civil Impacta Salud y Educación, San Miguel Clinical Research Center, Lima, Peru
| | - Srilatha Edupuganti
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nyaradzo Mgodi
- University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco (UZ-UCSF) Collaborative Research Programme, Harare, Zimbabwe, South Africa
| | - Lawrence Corey
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA; Departments of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA; Division of Medical Virology, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lynn Morris
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, 2192, South Africa; Antibody Immunity Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2000, South Africa; Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4041, South Africa
| | - David Montefiori
- Duke Center for Human Systems Immunology, Departments of Surgery, Immunology, Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Myron S Cohen
- Institute of Global Health and Infectious Diseases, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Peter B Gilbert
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA; Departments of Microbiology and Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Georgia D Tomaras
- Duke Center for Human Systems Immunology, Departments of Surgery, Immunology, Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lazuka A, Arnal C, Soyeux E, Sampson M, Lepeuple AS, Deleuze Y, Pouradier Duteil S, Lacroix S. COVID-19 wastewater based epidemiology: long-term monitoring of 10 WWTP in France reveals the importance of the sampling context. Water Sci Technol 2021; 84:1997-2013. [PMID: 34695026 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2021.418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has been advanced as a relevant indicator of distribution of COVID-19 in communities, supporting classical testing and tracing epidemiological approaches. An extensive sampling campaign, including ten municipal wastewater treatment plants, has been conducted in different cities of France over a 20-week period, encompassing the second peak of COVID-19 outbreak in France. A well-recognised ultrafiltration - RNA extraction - RT-qPCR protocol was used and qualified, showing 5.5 +/- 0.5% recovery yield on heat-inactivated SARS-CoV-2. Importantly the whole, solid and liquid, fraction of wastewater was used for virus concentration in this study. Campaign results showed medium- to strong- correlation between SARS-CoV-2 WBE data and COVID-19 prevalence. To go further, statistical relationships between WWTP inlet flow rate and rainfall were studied and taken into account for each WWTP in order to calculate contextualized SARS-CoV-2 loads. This metric presented improved correlation strengths with COVID-19 prevalence for WWTP particularly submitted and sensitive to rain. Such findings highlighted that SARS-CoV-2 WBE data ultimately require to be contextualized for relevant interpretation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Lazuka
- Veolia, Scientific & Technical Expertise Departement, Chemin de la Digue, 78600 Maisons-Laffitte, France E-mail:
| | - C Arnal
- Veolia, Scientific & Technical Expertise Departement, Chemin de la Digue, 78600 Maisons-Laffitte, France E-mail:
| | - E Soyeux
- Veolia, Scientific & Technical Expertise Departement, Chemin de la Digue, 78600 Maisons-Laffitte, France E-mail:
| | - M Sampson
- Veolia, Scientific & Technical Expertise Departement, Chemin de la Digue, 78600 Maisons-Laffitte, France E-mail:
| | - A-S Lepeuple
- Veolia, Scientific & Technical Expertise Departement, Chemin de la Digue, 78600 Maisons-Laffitte, France E-mail:
| | - Y Deleuze
- Veolia, Scientific & Technical Expertise Departement, Chemin de la Digue, 78600 Maisons-Laffitte, France E-mail:
| | - S Pouradier Duteil
- Veolia Eau France, 30 rue Madeleine Vionnet, 93300, Aubervilliers, France
| | - S Lacroix
- Veolia, Scientific & Technical Expertise Departement, Chemin de la Digue, 78600 Maisons-Laffitte, France E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Canbolat P, Kaessmeyer S, Sampson M, Mägert HJ, Bäumer W. 27366 LEKTI domain 6 reduces an inflammatory response induced by KLK5 in reconstructed skin and dendritic cells. J Am Acad Dermatol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2021.06.565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
4
|
O'Hearn K, Gertsman S, Webster R, Tsampalieros A, Ng R, Gibson J, Sampson M, Sikora L, McNally JD. Efficacy and safety of disinfectants for decontamination of N95 and SN95 filtering facepiece respirators: a systematic review. J Hosp Infect 2020; 106:504-521. [PMID: 32800824 PMCID: PMC7423630 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decontaminating and reusing filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) for healthcare workers is a potential solution to address inadequate FFR supply during a global pandemic. AIM The objective of this review was to synthesize existing data on the effectiveness and safety of using chemical disinfectants to decontaminate N95 FFRs. METHODS A systematic review was conducted on disinfectants to decontaminate N95 FFRs using Embase, Medline, Global Health, Google Scholar, WHO feed, and MedRxiv. Two reviewers independently determined study eligibility and extracted predefined data fields. Original research reporting on N95 FFR function, decontamination, safety, or FFR fit following decontamination with a disinfectant was included. FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION A single cycle of vaporized hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) successfully removes viral pathogens without affecting airflow resistance or fit, and maintains an initial filter penetration of <5%, with little change in FFR appearance. Residual hydrogen peroxide levels following decontamination were within safe limits. More than one decontamination cycle of vaporized H2O2 may be possible but further information is required on how multiple cycles would affect FFR fit in a real-world setting before the upper limit can be established. Although immersion in liquid H2O2 does not appear to adversely affect FFR function, there is no available data on its ability to remove infectious pathogens from FFRs or its impact on FFR fit. Sodium hypochlorite, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, and ethylene oxide are not recommended due to safety concerns or negative effects on FFR function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K O'Hearn
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - S Gertsman
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - R Webster
- Clinical Research Unit, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - A Tsampalieros
- Clinical Research Unit, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - R Ng
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Gibson
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Sampson
- Library Services, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - L Sikora
- Health Sciences Library, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - J D McNally
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zorko D, Gertsman S, O'Hearn K, Timmerman N, Ambu-Ali N, Dinh T, Sampson M, Sikora L, McNally J, Choong K. Decontamination interventions for the reuse of surgical mask personal protective equipment: a systematic review. J Hosp Infect 2020; 106:283-294. [PMID: 32653432 PMCID: PMC7347478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high demand for personal protective equipment during the novel coronavirus outbreak has prompted the need to develop strategies to conserve supply. Little is known regarding decontamination interventions to allow for surgical mask reuse. AIM To identify and synthesize data from original research evaluating interventions to decontaminate surgical masks for the purpose of reuse. METHODS MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, Global Health, the WHO COVID-19 database, Google Scholar, DisasterLit, preprint servers, and prominent journals from inception to April 8th, 2020, were searched for prospective original research on decontamination interventions for surgical masks. Citation screening was conducted independently in duplicate. Study characteristics, interventions, and outcomes were extracted from included studies by two independent reviewers. Outcomes of interest included impact of decontamination interventions on surgical mask performance and germicidal effects. FINDINGS Seven studies met eligibility criteria: one evaluated the effects of heat and chemical interventions applied after mask use on mask performance, and six evaluated interventions applied prior to mask use to enhance antimicrobial properties and/or mask performance. Mask performance and germicidal effects were evaluated with heterogeneous test conditions. Safety outcomes were infrequently evaluated. Mask performance was best preserved with dry heat decontamination. Good germicidal effects were observed in salt-, N-halamine-, and nanoparticle-coated masks. CONCLUSION There is limited evidence on the safety or efficacy of surgical mask decontamination. Given the heterogeneous methods used in studies to date, we are unable to draw conclusions on the most efficacious and safe intervention for decontaminating surgical masks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D.J. Zorko
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - S. Gertsman
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - K. O'Hearn
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - N. Timmerman
- Department of Anesthesia, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - N. Ambu-Ali
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - T. Dinh
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - M. Sampson
- Library Services, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - L. Sikora
- Health Sciences Library, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - J.D. McNally
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada,Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - K. Choong
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada,Department of Critical Care, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada,Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada,Corresponding author. Address: Department of Pediatric Critical Care, McMaster University, Room 3E20, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8N 3Z5, Canada. Tel.: +1 905 521 2100x76651
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zorko DJ, Gertsman S, O'Hearn K, Timmerman N, Ambu-Ali N, Dinh T, Sampson M, Sikora L, McNally JD, Choong K. Decontamination interventions for the reuse of surgical mask personal protective equipment: a systematic review. J Hosp Infect 2020; 106:283-294. [PMID: 32653432 DOI: 10.31219/osf.io/z7exu] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high demand for personal protective equipment during the novel coronavirus outbreak has prompted the need to develop strategies to conserve supply. Little is known regarding decontamination interventions to allow for surgical mask reuse. AIM To identify and synthesize data from original research evaluating interventions to decontaminate surgical masks for the purpose of reuse. METHODS MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, Global Health, the WHO COVID-19 database, Google Scholar, DisasterLit, preprint servers, and prominent journals from inception to April 8th, 2020, were searched for prospective original research on decontamination interventions for surgical masks. Citation screening was conducted independently in duplicate. Study characteristics, interventions, and outcomes were extracted from included studies by two independent reviewers. Outcomes of interest included impact of decontamination interventions on surgical mask performance and germicidal effects. FINDINGS Seven studies met eligibility criteria: one evaluated the effects of heat and chemical interventions applied after mask use on mask performance, and six evaluated interventions applied prior to mask use to enhance antimicrobial properties and/or mask performance. Mask performance and germicidal effects were evaluated with heterogeneous test conditions. Safety outcomes were infrequently evaluated. Mask performance was best preserved with dry heat decontamination. Good germicidal effects were observed in salt-, N-halamine-, and nanoparticle-coated masks. CONCLUSION There is limited evidence on the safety or efficacy of surgical mask decontamination. Given the heterogeneous methods used in studies to date, we are unable to draw conclusions on the most efficacious and safe intervention for decontaminating surgical masks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D J Zorko
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - S Gertsman
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - K O'Hearn
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - N Timmerman
- Department of Anesthesia, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - N Ambu-Ali
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - T Dinh
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Sampson
- Library Services, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - L Sikora
- Health Sciences Library, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - J D McNally
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - K Choong
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Critical Care, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
O'Hearn K, Gertsman S, Sampson M, Webster R, Tsampalieros A, Ng R, Gibson J, Lobos AT, Acharya N, Agarwal A, Boggs S, Chamberlain G, Staykov E, Sikora L, McNally JD. Decontaminating N95 and SN95 masks with ultraviolet germicidal irradiation does not impair mask efficacy and safety. J Hosp Infect 2020; 106:163-175. [PMID: 32687870 DOI: 10.31219/osf.io/29z6u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Inadequate supply of filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) for healthcare workers during a pandemic such as the novel coronavirus outbreak (SARS-CoV-2) is a serious public health issue. The aim of this study was to synthesize existing data on the effectiveness of ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) for N95 FFR decontamination. A systematic review (PROSPERO CRD42020176156) was conducted on UVGI in N95 FFRs using Embase, Medline, Global Health, Google Scholar, WHO feed, and MedRxiv. Two reviewers independently determined eligibility and extracted predefined variables. Original research reporting on function, decontamination, or mask fit following UVGI were included. Thirteen studies were identified, comprising 54 UVGI intervention arms and 58 N95 models. FFRs consistently maintained certification standards following UVGI. Aerosol penetration averaged 1.19% (0.70-2.48%) and 1.14% (0.57-2.63%) for control and UVGI arms, respectively. Airflow resistance for the control arms averaged 9.79 mm H2O (7.97-11.70 mm H2O) vs 9.85 mm H2O (8.33-11.44 mm H2O) for UVGI arms. UVGI protocols employing a cumulative dose >20,000 J/m2 resulted in a 2-log reduction in viral load. A >3-log reduction was observed in seven UVGI arms using >40,000 J/m2. Impact of UVGI on fit was evaluated in two studies (16,200; 32,400 J/m2) and no evidence of compromise was found. Our findings suggest that further work in this area (or translation to a clinical setting) should use a cumulative UV-C dose of 40,000 J/m2 or greater, and confirm appropriate mask fit following decontamination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K O'Hearn
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - S Gertsman
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - M Sampson
- Library Services, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - R Webster
- Clinical Research Unit, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - A Tsampalieros
- Clinical Research Unit, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - R Ng
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - J Gibson
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - A T Lobos
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - N Acharya
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - A Agarwal
- Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - S Boggs
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - G Chamberlain
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - E Staykov
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - L Sikora
- Health Sciences Library, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - J D McNally
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
O'Hearn K, Gertsman S, Sampson M, Webster R, Tsampalieros A, Ng R, Gibson J, Lobos AT, Acharya N, Agarwal A, Boggs S, Chamberlain G, Staykov E, Sikora L, McNally JD. Decontaminating N95 and SN95 masks with ultraviolet germicidal irradiation does not impair mask efficacy and safety. J Hosp Infect 2020; 106:163-175. [PMID: 32687870 PMCID: PMC7367810 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Inadequate supply of filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) for healthcare workers during a pandemic such as the novel coronavirus outbreak (SARS-CoV-2) is a serious public health issue. The aim of this study was to synthesize existing data on the effectiveness of ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) for N95 FFR decontamination. A systematic review (PROSPERO CRD42020176156) was conducted on UVGI in N95 FFRs using Embase, Medline, Global Health, Google Scholar, WHO feed, and MedRxiv. Two reviewers independently determined eligibility and extracted predefined variables. Original research reporting on function, decontamination, or mask fit following UVGI were included. Thirteen studies were identified, comprising 54 UVGI intervention arms and 58 N95 models. FFRs consistently maintained certification standards following UVGI. Aerosol penetration averaged 1.19% (0.70-2.48%) and 1.14% (0.57-2.63%) for control and UVGI arms, respectively. Airflow resistance for the control arms averaged 9.79 mm H2O (7.97-11.70 mm H2O) vs 9.85 mm H2O (8.33-11.44 mm H2O) for UVGI arms. UVGI protocols employing a cumulative dose >20,000 J/m2 resulted in a 2-log reduction in viral load. A >3-log reduction was observed in seven UVGI arms using >40,000 J/m2. Impact of UVGI on fit was evaluated in two studies (16,200; 32,400 J/m2) and no evidence of compromise was found. Our findings suggest that further work in this area (or translation to a clinical setting) should use a cumulative UV-C dose of 40,000 J/m2 or greater, and confirm appropriate mask fit following decontamination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K O'Hearn
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - S Gertsman
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - M Sampson
- Library Services, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - R Webster
- Clinical Research Unit, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - A Tsampalieros
- Clinical Research Unit, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - R Ng
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - J Gibson
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - A T Lobos
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - N Acharya
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - A Agarwal
- Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - S Boggs
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - G Chamberlain
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - E Staykov
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - L Sikora
- Health Sciences Library, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - J D McNally
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lester R, Prescott L, McCormack M, Sampson M. Service users' experiences of receiving a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder: A systematic review. Personal Ment Health 2020; 14:263-283. [PMID: 32073223 DOI: 10.1002/pmh.1478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
There is ongoing controversy regarding the borderline personality disorder (BPD) diagnosis. Whilst the experiences of people living with BPD have been widely acknowledged, the process of receiving the diagnosis is poorly described. This systematic review aimed to synthesize the existing research exploring people's experiences of receiving a diagnosis of BPD, as well as examining what is considered best practice in the diagnostic delivery process. The findings from 12 qualitative studies were synthesized using thematic analysis, generating two overarching themes: negative and positive experiences of receiving a diagnosis of BPD. These themes were described using the following sub-themes: the communication of diagnosis and meaning made of it, validity around diagnosis and attitudes of others. Results indicate that there is a substantial difference between a well-delivered and poorly delivered diagnosis. The diagnostic delivery process is fundamental to how people understand and interpret the BPD diagnosis. The way in which the BPD diagnosis is shared with people can ultimately shape their views about hope for recovery and their subsequent engagement with services. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Lester
- St Helens Recovery Team, Harry Blackman House, Peasley Cross Hospital, St Helens, UK
| | - L Prescott
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - M McCormack
- St Helens Recovery Team, Harry Blackman House, Peasley Cross Hospital, St Helens, UK
| | - M Sampson
- St Helens Recovery Team, Harry Blackman House, Peasley Cross Hospital, St Helens, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sampson M, Faria N, Powell JJ. Efficacy and safety of PT20, an iron-based phosphate binder, for the treatment of hyperphosphataemia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging, Phase IIb study in patients with haemodialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2020; 36:1399-1407. [PMID: 32651955 PMCID: PMC8311578 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfaa116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hyperphosphataemia is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD). PT20 (ferric iron oxide adipate) is an investigational molecule engineered to offer enhanced phosphate-binding properties relative to other phosphate binders. Methods In this double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02151643), the efficacy and safety of 28 days of oral PT20 treatment were evaluated in patients with dialysis-dependent CKD. Participants were randomly assigned in an 8:8:8:13:13 ratio to receive PT20 (400, 800, 1600 or 3200 mg) or placebo three times daily. Results Among 153 participants, 129 completed treatment [7 discontinued because of adverse events (AEs), 2 because of hyperphosphataemia and 15 for other reasons]. PT20 treatment for 28 days resulted in a statistically significant and dose-dependent reduction in serum phosphate concentration. There were no statistically significant effects of PT20 treatment on changes in haemoglobin or ferritin concentrations or transferrin saturation between Days 1 and 29. The incidence of treatment-emergent AEs was broadly similar across the PT20 and placebo groups (42–59% versus 44%). The most common PT20 treatment-related AEs were gastrointestinal, primarily diarrhoea (13–18%) and discoloured faeces (3–23%). No serious AEs were considered to be related to study treatment. There were no clinically significant changes in laboratory results reflecting acid/base status or increases in ferritin that could indicate the absorption of components of PT20. Conclusions In this first study investigating the efficacy and safety of PT20 in patients with hyperphosphataemia and dialysis-dependent CKD, PT20 significantly lowered serum phosphate concentrations and was generally well tolerated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nuno Faria
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Medical Research Council Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jonathan J Powell
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Medical Research Council Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bachmann MO, Lewis G, John WG, Turner J, Dhatariya K, Clark A, Pascale M, Sampson M. Determinants of diagnostic discordance for non-diabetic hyperglycaemia and Type 2 diabetes using paired glycated haemoglobin measurements in a large English primary care population: cross-sectional study. Diabet Med 2019; 36:1478-1486. [PMID: 31420897 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate factors influencing diagnostic discordance for non-diabetic hyperglycaemia and Type 2 diabetes. METHODS Some 10 000 adults at increased risk of diabetes were screened with HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose (FPG). The 2208 participants with initial HbA1c ≥ 42 mmol/mol (≥ 6.0%) or FPG ≥ 6.1 mmol/l were retested after a median 40 days. We compared the first and second HbA1c results, and consequent diagnoses of non-diabetic hyperglycaemia and Type 2 diabetes, and investigated predictors of discordant diagnoses. RESULTS Of 1463 participants with non-diabetic hyperglycaemia and 394 with Type 2 diabetes on first testing, 28.4% and 21.1% respectively had discordant diagnoses on repeated testing. Initial diagnosis of non-diabetic hyperglycaemia and/or impaired fasting glucose according to both HbA1c and FPG criteria, or to FPG only, made reclassification as Type 2 diabetes more likely than initial classification according to HbA1c alone. Initial diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes according to both HbA1c and FPG criteria made reclassification much less likely than initial classification according to HbA1c alone. Age, and anthropometric and biological measurements independently but inconsistently predicted discordant diagnoses and changes in HbA1c . CONCLUSIONS Diagnosis of non-diabetic hyperglycaemia or Type 2 diabetes with a single measurement of HbA1c in a screening programme for entry to diabetes prevention trials is unreliable. Diagnosis of non-diabetic hyperglycaemia and Type 2 diabetes should be confirmed by repeat testing. FPG results could help prioritise retesting. These findings do not apply to people classified as normal on a single test, who were not retested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M O Bachmann
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - G Lewis
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - W G John
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Trust, Norwich, UK
| | - J Turner
- Elsie Bertram Diabetes Centre, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Trust, Norwich, UK
| | - K Dhatariya
- Elsie Bertram Diabetes Centre, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Trust, Norwich, UK
| | - A Clark
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - M Pascale
- Elsie Bertram Diabetes Centre, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Trust, Norwich, UK
| | - M Sampson
- Elsie Bertram Diabetes Centre, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Trust, Norwich, UK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kirtley J, Chiocchi J, Cole J, Sampson M. Stigma, Emotion Appraisal, and the Family Environment as Predictors of Carer Burden for Relatives of Individuals Who Meet the Diagnostic Criteria for Borderline Personality Disorder. J Pers Disord 2019; 33:497-514. [PMID: 30307828 DOI: 10.1521/pedi_2018_32_355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
There is some research exploring carers' experiences within the National Health Service in the UK, but only one has focused on carers of individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD). Ninety-eight carers completed a questionnaire-based study; 57 carers of individuals who meet the diagnostic criteria for BPD were compared to 41 carers of individuals with other mental health problems. The study aimed to investigate whether perceived stigma, perceived threat of strong emotions, and expressed emotion (EE) within the family environment predicted carer burden. The results showed that carers of those who met the diagnosis for BPD experienced higher levels of carer burden, stigma, EE, emotional over involvement (EOI), criticism (CC), and perceived threat of strong emotions than carers of individuals with other mental health difficulties. EOI, CC, carer group (BPD and mental health), and gender of participant were predictors of carer burden, with EOI explaining the most variance of burden.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - John Chiocchi
- North West Boroughs Healthcare, Equality Diversity and Inclusion Department, Winwick, Warrington, United Kingdom
| | - Jon Cole
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Sampson
- North West Boroughs Healthcare, St Helens, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Affiliation(s)
- U Dashora
- East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust, St Leonards on Sea, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - S George
- East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - M Sampson
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Trust, Norwich, UK
| | - E Walden
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Trust, Norwich, UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kellett J, Sampson M, Swords F, Murphy HR, Clark A, Howe A, Price C, Datta V, Myint KS. Young people's experiences of managing Type 1 diabetes at university: a national study of UK university students. Diabet Med 2018; 35:1063-1071. [PMID: 29687498 DOI: 10.1111/dme.13656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM Little is known about the challenges of transitioning from school to university for young people with Type 1 diabetes. In a national survey, we investigated the impact of entering and attending university on diabetes self-care in students with Type 1 diabetes in all UK universities. METHODS Some 1865 current UK university students aged 18-24 years with Type 1 diabetes, were invited to complete a structured questionnaire. The association between demographic variables and diabetes variables was assessed using logistic regression models. RESULTS In total, 584 (31%) students from 64 hospitals and 37 university medical practices completed the questionnaire. Some 62% had maintained routine diabetes care with their home team, whereas 32% moved to the university provider. Since starting university, 63% reported harder diabetes management and 44% reported higher HbA1c levels than before university. At university, 52% had frequent hypoglycaemia, 9.6% reported one or more episodes of severe hypoglycaemia and 26% experienced diabetes-related hospital admissions. Female students and those who changed healthcare provider were approximately twice as likely to report poor glycaemic control, emergency hospital admissions and frequent hypoglycaemia. Females were more likely than males to report stress [odds ratio (OR) 4.78, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.19-7.16], illness (OR 3.48, 95% CI 2.06-5.87) and weight management issues (OR 3.19, 95% CI 1.99-5.11) as barriers to self-care. Despite these difficulties, 91% of respondents never or rarely contacted university support services about their diabetes. CONCLUSION The study quantifies the high level of risk experienced by students with Type 1 diabetes during the transition to university, in particular, female students and those moving to a new university healthcare provider.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Kellett
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Clinical Research and Trials Unit, Norwich, UK
| | - M Sampson
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Clinical Research and Trials Unit, Norwich, UK
| | - F Swords
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Clinical Research and Trials Unit, Norwich, UK
| | - H R Murphy
- University Medical Centre, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - A Clark
- Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Norwich, UK
| | - A Howe
- Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Norwich, UK
| | - C Price
- University Medical Centre, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - V Datta
- Department of Paediatrics, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK
| | - K S Myint
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Dashora U, Murphy HR, Temple RC, Stanley KP, Castro E, George S, Dhatariya K, Haq M, Sampson M. Managing hyperglycaemia during antenatal steroid administration, labour and birth in pregnant women with diabetes. Diabet Med 2018; 35:1005-1010. [PMID: 30152588 DOI: 10.1111/dme.13674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Optimal glycaemic control before and during pregnancy improves both maternal and fetal outcomes. This article summarizes the recently published guidelines on the management of glycaemic control in pregnant women with diabetes on obstetric wards and delivery units produced by the Joint British Diabetes Societies for Inpatient Care and available in full at www.diabetes.org.uk/joint-british-diabetes-society and https://abcd.care/joint-british-diabetes-societies-jbds-inpatient-care-group. Hyperglycaemia following steroid administration can be managed by variable rate intravenous insulin infusion (VRIII) or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) in women who are willing and able to safely self-manage insulin dose adjustment. All women with diabetes should have capillary blood glucose (CBG) measured hourly once they are in established labour. Those who are found to be higher than 7 mmol/l on two consecutive occasions should be started on VRIII. If general anaesthesia is used, CBG should be monitored every 30 min in the theatre. Both the VRIII and CSII rate should be reduced by at least 50% once the placenta is delivered. The insulin dose needed after delivery in insulin-treated Type 2 and Type 1 diabetes is usually 25% less than the doses needed at the end of first trimester. Additional snacks may be needed after delivery especially if breastfeeding. Stop all anti-diabetes medications after delivery in gestational diabetes. Continue to monitor CBG before and 1 h after meals for up to 24 h after delivery to pick up any pre-existing diabetes or new-onset diabetes in pregnancy. Women with Type 2 diabetes on oral treatment can continue to take metformin after birth.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Administration, Intravenous
- Adult
- Delivery, Obstetric/methods
- Delivery, Obstetric/standards
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/therapy
- Female
- Fetal Organ Maturity/drug effects
- Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use
- Humans
- Hyperglycemia/blood
- Hyperglycemia/therapy
- Hypoglycemic Agents/administration & dosage
- Insulin/administration & dosage
- Insulin Infusion Systems
- Labor, Obstetric/drug effects
- Labor, Obstetric/physiology
- Parturition/drug effects
- Parturition/physiology
- Pregnancy
- Pregnancy in Diabetics/blood
- Pregnancy in Diabetics/therapy
- Prenatal Care/methods
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- U Dashora
- Conquest Hospital, St Leonards on Sea, UK
| | - H R Murphy
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - R C Temple
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK
| | - K P Stanley
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK
| | - E Castro
- East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust, St Leonards on Sea, UK
| | - S George
- East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust, Stevenage, UK
| | - K Dhatariya
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK
| | - M Haq
- Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust, Tunbridge Wells, UK
| | - M Sampson
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sampson M, Jones C. Joint British Diabetes Societies for Inpatient Care: clinical guidelines and improving inpatient diabetes care. Diabet Med 2018; 35:988-991. [PMID: 30152584 DOI: 10.1111/dme.13672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Sampson
- Elsie Bertram Diabetes Centre, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital NHS Trust, Norwich, UK
| | - C Jones
- Elsie Bertram Diabetes Centre, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital NHS Trust, Norwich, UK
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Byrne ME, Cortés E, Vaudo JJ, Harvey GCM, Sampson M, Wetherbee BM, Shivji M. Satellite telemetry reveals higher fishing mortality rates than previously estimated, suggesting overfishing of an apex marine predator. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 284:rspb.2017.0658. [PMID: 28768885 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.0658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Overfishing is a primary cause of population declines for many shark species of conservation concern. However, means of obtaining information on fishery interactions and mortality, necessary for the development of successful conservation strategies, are often fisheries-dependent and of questionable quality for many species of commercially exploited pelagic sharks. We used satellite telemetry as a fisheries-independent tool to document fisheries interactions, and quantify fishing mortality of the highly migratory shortfin mako shark (Isurus oxyrinchus) in the western North Atlantic Ocean. Forty satellite-tagged shortfin mako sharks tracked over 3 years entered the Exclusive Economic Zones of 19 countries and were harvested in fisheries of five countries, with 30% of tagged sharks harvested. Our tagging-derived estimates of instantaneous fishing mortality rates (F = 0.19-0.56) were 10-fold higher than previous estimates from fisheries-dependent data (approx. 0.015-0.024), suggesting data used in stock assessments may considerably underestimate fishing mortality. Additionally, our estimates of F were greater than those associated with maximum sustainable yield, suggesting a state of overfishing. This information has direct application to evaluations of stock status and for effective management of populations, and thus satellite tagging studies have potential to provide more accurate estimates of fishing mortality and survival than traditional fisheries-dependent methodology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Byrne
- Guy Harvey Research Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Dania Beach, FL 33004, USA
| | - Enric Cortés
- National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Panama City, FL 32408, USA
| | - Jeremy J Vaudo
- Guy Harvey Research Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Dania Beach, FL 33004, USA
| | - Guy C McN Harvey
- Guy Harvey Research Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Dania Beach, FL 33004, USA
| | - Mark Sampson
- Fish Finder Adventures, Ocean City, MD 21842, USA
| | - Bradley M Wetherbee
- Guy Harvey Research Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Dania Beach, FL 33004, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Mahmood Shivji
- Guy Harvey Research Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Dania Beach, FL 33004, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Solomon E, Fukuyama T, Sampson M, Baeumer W. P076 PR013 reduces hyperemia in murine models of allergic conjunctivitis and both histaminergic/nonhistaminergic itch in vitro. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2017.08.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
19
|
Wizemann E, Bowering K, Case C, Harvey J, Sampson M, Kretzschmar Y, Bretler DM, Bang RB, Bode BW. Schnell wirksames Insulin aspart (Faster aspart) verbesserte in der doppelblinden onset® 2-Studie die postprandiale Blutzuckereinstellung vs. Insulin aspart im Rahmen einer Basal-Bolus-Therapie bei Menschen mit unzureichend eingestelltem T2D. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1601743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Wizemann
- Gemeinschaftspraxis Herrenberg, Herrenberg, Germany
| | - K Bowering
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - C Case
- Jefferson City Medical Group, Jefferson City, United States
| | - J Harvey
- Wrexham Academic Unit, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom
| | - M Sampson
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | | | - DM Bretler
- Global Development, Novo Nordisk A/S, Søborg, Denmark
| | - RB Bang
- Biostatistics & Clinical Reporting, Novo Nordisk A/S, Søborg, Denmark
| | - BW Bode
- Atlanta Diabetes Associates, Atlanta, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether staff responses to abuse disclosures had improved since the introduction of a trauma policy and training programme. METHOD The files of 250 clients attending four New Zealand mental health centres were audited. RESULTS There was a significant improvement, compared to an audit prior to the introduction of the policy and training, in the proportion of abuse cases included in formulations, and, to a lesser extent, in treatment plans. There was no significant improvement in the proportion referred for relevant treatment, which remained at less than 25% across abuse categories. The proportion of neglect disclosures responded to was significantly lower than for abuse cases. Fifty percent of the files in which abuse/neglect was recorded noted whether the client had been asked about previous disclosure, and 22% noted whether the client thought there was any connection between the abuse/neglect and their current problems. Less than 1% of cases were reported to legal authorities. People diagnosed with a psychotic disorder were significantly less likely to be responded to appropriately. CONCLUSION Future training may need to focus on responding well to neglect and people diagnosed with psychosis, on making treatment referrals, and on initiating discussions about reporting to authorities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Read
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.
| | - M Sampson
- Clinical Psychologist, Taylor Centre, Auckland District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - C Critchley
- Department of Statistics, Data Sciences and Epidemiology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
|
22
|
Hart M, Sampson M, Hextall M, Goulter P, Blake J, Troughton R, Smyth D. Significant Improvements in Six Minute Walk Test, Quality of Life, and ECHO Parameters Are Evident at 6 Weeks and Sustained at 6 Months After TAVI. Heart Lung Circ 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2016.06.461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
23
|
Caggiano JA, Barbosa F, Clancy TJ, Eckart MJ, Grim G, Hartouni EP, Hatarik R, Khater H, Lee A, Sampson M, Sayre DB, Yeamans C, Yeoman M. Design of a north pole Neutron Time-of-Flight (NTOF) system at NIF. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/717/1/012087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
24
|
Gourgari E, Lodish M, Shamburek R, Keil M, Wesley R, Walter M, Sampson M, Bernstein S, Khurana D, Lyssikatos C, Ten S, Dobs A, Remaley AT, Stratakis CA. Lipoprotein Particles in Adolescents and Young Women With PCOS Provide Insights Into Their Cardiovascular Risk. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100:4291-8. [PMID: 26371381 PMCID: PMC4702461 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2015-2566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Adult women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) have an increased risk for cardiovascular disease, but the evidence for this is controversial in adolescents and young women with PCOS. Measurement of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particle number, measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is a novel technology to assess cardiovascular risk. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to evaluate lipoprotein particle number and size in young women with PCOS and its relationship with insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism. DESIGN This was a cross-sectional case control study. SETTING The study was conducted at a clinical research center. PARTICIPANTS Women with PCOS (n = 35) and normal controls (n = 20) participated in the study. INTERVENTIONS Blood samples and anthropometric measures were obtained. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES LDL particle size and number were measured using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. A secondary outcome was to investigate the correlation of LDL particle number with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, waist to hip ratio, hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, and adiponectin. RESULTS Women with PCOS had higher LDL particle number when compared with healthy controls (935 ± 412 vs 735 ± 264, P = .032); LDL particle number correlated strongly with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (r = 0.37, P = .006) and waist-to-hip (r = 0.57, P = .0003). The higher LDL particle number was driven mainly due to differences in the small LDL particle number (sLDLp), with PCOS patients having more sLDLp (348 ± 305 vs 178 ± 195, P = .015). The sLDLp correlated with the Matsuda index (r = -0.51, P = .0001), homeostasis model assessment index of insulin resistance (r = 0.41, P = .002), and adiponectin (r = -0.46, P = .0004) but not with T. CONCLUSION Adolescent and young women with PCOS have an atherogenic lipoprotein profile suggestive of increased cardiovascular risk that appears to be driven by the degree of visceral adiposity and insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Gourgari
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics (E.G., M.L., M.K., S.B., C.L., C.A.S.), Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics and Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, and Section of Clinical Laboratory Services (M.W.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (E.G.), Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057; Section of Lipoprotein Metabolism (R.S., A.T.R., M.S.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20824; Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology Service (R.W.), National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland 20814; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (M.W.), Infants and Children's Hospital of Brooklyn at Maimonides and Children and Hospital at Downstate, State University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11219; and Department of Endocrinology (D.K., S.T., A.D.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - M Lodish
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics (E.G., M.L., M.K., S.B., C.L., C.A.S.), Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics and Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, and Section of Clinical Laboratory Services (M.W.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (E.G.), Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057; Section of Lipoprotein Metabolism (R.S., A.T.R., M.S.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20824; Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology Service (R.W.), National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland 20814; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (M.W.), Infants and Children's Hospital of Brooklyn at Maimonides and Children and Hospital at Downstate, State University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11219; and Department of Endocrinology (D.K., S.T., A.D.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - R Shamburek
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics (E.G., M.L., M.K., S.B., C.L., C.A.S.), Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics and Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, and Section of Clinical Laboratory Services (M.W.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (E.G.), Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057; Section of Lipoprotein Metabolism (R.S., A.T.R., M.S.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20824; Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology Service (R.W.), National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland 20814; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (M.W.), Infants and Children's Hospital of Brooklyn at Maimonides and Children and Hospital at Downstate, State University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11219; and Department of Endocrinology (D.K., S.T., A.D.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - M Keil
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics (E.G., M.L., M.K., S.B., C.L., C.A.S.), Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics and Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, and Section of Clinical Laboratory Services (M.W.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (E.G.), Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057; Section of Lipoprotein Metabolism (R.S., A.T.R., M.S.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20824; Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology Service (R.W.), National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland 20814; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (M.W.), Infants and Children's Hospital of Brooklyn at Maimonides and Children and Hospital at Downstate, State University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11219; and Department of Endocrinology (D.K., S.T., A.D.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - R Wesley
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics (E.G., M.L., M.K., S.B., C.L., C.A.S.), Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics and Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, and Section of Clinical Laboratory Services (M.W.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (E.G.), Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057; Section of Lipoprotein Metabolism (R.S., A.T.R., M.S.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20824; Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology Service (R.W.), National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland 20814; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (M.W.), Infants and Children's Hospital of Brooklyn at Maimonides and Children and Hospital at Downstate, State University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11219; and Department of Endocrinology (D.K., S.T., A.D.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - M Walter
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics (E.G., M.L., M.K., S.B., C.L., C.A.S.), Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics and Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, and Section of Clinical Laboratory Services (M.W.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (E.G.), Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057; Section of Lipoprotein Metabolism (R.S., A.T.R., M.S.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20824; Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology Service (R.W.), National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland 20814; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (M.W.), Infants and Children's Hospital of Brooklyn at Maimonides and Children and Hospital at Downstate, State University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11219; and Department of Endocrinology (D.K., S.T., A.D.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - M Sampson
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics (E.G., M.L., M.K., S.B., C.L., C.A.S.), Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics and Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, and Section of Clinical Laboratory Services (M.W.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (E.G.), Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057; Section of Lipoprotein Metabolism (R.S., A.T.R., M.S.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20824; Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology Service (R.W.), National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland 20814; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (M.W.), Infants and Children's Hospital of Brooklyn at Maimonides and Children and Hospital at Downstate, State University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11219; and Department of Endocrinology (D.K., S.T., A.D.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - S Bernstein
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics (E.G., M.L., M.K., S.B., C.L., C.A.S.), Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics and Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, and Section of Clinical Laboratory Services (M.W.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (E.G.), Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057; Section of Lipoprotein Metabolism (R.S., A.T.R., M.S.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20824; Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology Service (R.W.), National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland 20814; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (M.W.), Infants and Children's Hospital of Brooklyn at Maimonides and Children and Hospital at Downstate, State University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11219; and Department of Endocrinology (D.K., S.T., A.D.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - D Khurana
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics (E.G., M.L., M.K., S.B., C.L., C.A.S.), Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics and Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, and Section of Clinical Laboratory Services (M.W.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (E.G.), Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057; Section of Lipoprotein Metabolism (R.S., A.T.R., M.S.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20824; Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology Service (R.W.), National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland 20814; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (M.W.), Infants and Children's Hospital of Brooklyn at Maimonides and Children and Hospital at Downstate, State University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11219; and Department of Endocrinology (D.K., S.T., A.D.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - C Lyssikatos
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics (E.G., M.L., M.K., S.B., C.L., C.A.S.), Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics and Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, and Section of Clinical Laboratory Services (M.W.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (E.G.), Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057; Section of Lipoprotein Metabolism (R.S., A.T.R., M.S.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20824; Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology Service (R.W.), National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland 20814; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (M.W.), Infants and Children's Hospital of Brooklyn at Maimonides and Children and Hospital at Downstate, State University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11219; and Department of Endocrinology (D.K., S.T., A.D.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - S Ten
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics (E.G., M.L., M.K., S.B., C.L., C.A.S.), Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics and Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, and Section of Clinical Laboratory Services (M.W.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (E.G.), Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057; Section of Lipoprotein Metabolism (R.S., A.T.R., M.S.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20824; Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology Service (R.W.), National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland 20814; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (M.W.), Infants and Children's Hospital of Brooklyn at Maimonides and Children and Hospital at Downstate, State University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11219; and Department of Endocrinology (D.K., S.T., A.D.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - A Dobs
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics (E.G., M.L., M.K., S.B., C.L., C.A.S.), Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics and Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, and Section of Clinical Laboratory Services (M.W.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (E.G.), Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057; Section of Lipoprotein Metabolism (R.S., A.T.R., M.S.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20824; Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology Service (R.W.), National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland 20814; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (M.W.), Infants and Children's Hospital of Brooklyn at Maimonides and Children and Hospital at Downstate, State University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11219; and Department of Endocrinology (D.K., S.T., A.D.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - A T Remaley
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics (E.G., M.L., M.K., S.B., C.L., C.A.S.), Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics and Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, and Section of Clinical Laboratory Services (M.W.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (E.G.), Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057; Section of Lipoprotein Metabolism (R.S., A.T.R., M.S.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20824; Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology Service (R.W.), National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland 20814; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (M.W.), Infants and Children's Hospital of Brooklyn at Maimonides and Children and Hospital at Downstate, State University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11219; and Department of Endocrinology (D.K., S.T., A.D.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - C A Stratakis
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics (E.G., M.L., M.K., S.B., C.L., C.A.S.), Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics and Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-Institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, and Section of Clinical Laboratory Services (M.W.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (E.G.), Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057; Section of Lipoprotein Metabolism (R.S., A.T.R., M.S.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20824; Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology Service (R.W.), National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland 20814; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (M.W.), Infants and Children's Hospital of Brooklyn at Maimonides and Children and Hospital at Downstate, State University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11219; and Department of Endocrinology (D.K., S.T., A.D.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Cornélissen G, Beaty L, Lee Gierke C, Watanabe Y, Gumarova L, Sampson M, Hillman D, Schwartzkopff O. Season's appreciations. Clin Ter 2015; 166:55-8. [PMID: 25945429 DOI: 10.7417/ct.2015.1814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
To follow the tradition set by the late Franz Halberg, highlights of research performed over the last year from his Minnesota Center are summarized. They illustrate the broad international cooperation enjoyed by his center and the diversity of applications of the discipline he founded. The results briefly summarized herein in the form of an annotated bibliography are a testimony that his legacy continues to live on and constitutes a tribute to his memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Cornélissen
- Halberg Chronobiology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - L Beaty
- Halberg Chronobiology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - C Lee Gierke
- Halberg Chronobiology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Y Watanabe
- Halberg Chronobiology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - L Gumarova
- Halberg Chronobiology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - M Sampson
- Halberg Chronobiology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - D Hillman
- Halberg Chronobiology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - O Schwartzkopff
- Halberg Chronobiology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Davies J, Sampson M, Beesley F, Smith D, Baldwin V. An evaluation of Knowledge and Understanding Framework personality disorder awareness training: can a co-production model be effective in a local NHS mental health Trust? Personal Ment Health 2014; 8:161-8. [PMID: 24574103 DOI: 10.1002/pmh.1257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
5 Boroughs Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, in the Northwest of England, has trained over 500 staff in the Knowledge and Understanding Framework, level 1 personality disorder awareness training. This is a 3-day nationally devised training programme delivered via an innovative co-production model (i.e. co-delivery and partnership working with service users who have lived experience). This paper provides quantitative and qualitative information on the effectiveness of training delivery and also serves to provide some insight into the impact of service-user involvement via such a co-production model. Information on 162 participants using the Knowledge and Understanding Framework bespoke questionnaire (Personality Disorder Knowledge, Attitudes and Skills Questionnaire) suggests that the training can be effectively delivered by and within a local NHS Mental Health Trust. Results immediately post-training suggest an improvement in levels of understanding and capability efficacy and a reduction in negative emotional reactions. Indications from a 3-month follow-up suggest that while understanding and emotional reaction remain improved, capability efficacy regresses back to pre-training levels, suggesting the need for ongoing supervision and/or support to consolidate skills. Discussion includes guidelines for the implementation of a truly integrated co-production model of training provision, as well as advice relating to the maximization of long-term benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Davies
- 5 Boroughs Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Willis House, 23 Cumber Lane Prescot, Merseyside, L35 2YZ, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ju W, Peng K, Yang S, Sun H, Sampson M, Wang MZ. A chiral HPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous quantification of warfarin enantiomers and its major hydroxylation metabolites of CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 in human plasma. Austin J Anal Pharm Chem 2014; 1:1010. [PMID: 26161443 PMCID: PMC4494745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Warfarin is an oral anticoagulant that requires frequent therapeutic drug monitoring due to a narrow therapeutic window, considerable interindividual variability in drug response, and susceptibility to drug-drug and drug-diet interactions. Enantiomeric separation and quantification of warfarin enantiomers and clinically important major hydroxylation metabolites are essential for drug interaction studies and phenotypic characterization of CYP2C9 and CYP3A4, the major cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes involved in warfarin metabolism. Here, we describe the development and validation of a chiral high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS)-based quantification of R-warfarin, S-warfarin, S-7-hydroxywarfarin (the major CYP2C9 metabolite) and (9R;10S)-10-hydroxywarfarin (the CYP3A4 metabolite) in human plasma. Simple protein precipitation-based extraction showed good recovery of analytes (82.9 - 96.9%). The developed method exhibited satisfactory intra-day and inter-day accuracy and precision. The lower limits of detection were 0.25 nM (or ~0.08 ng/mL) for the warfarin enantiomers and 0.1 nM (or ~0.04 ng/mL) for S-7-hydroxywarfarin and (9R;10S)-10-hydroxywarfarin using only 50 µL plasma during extraction. The validated method was successfully applied to analyze plasma samples obtained from a healthy human subject who enrolled in a clinical drug interaction study involving warfarin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Ju
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - K Peng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - S Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - H Sun
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - M Sampson
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - MZ Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
The pattern of changes in cerebral glucose metabolism occurring with normal aging has been unclear. Advances in imaging technology, such as improved resolution and anatomical referencing, allow for more precise regional measurement than previously possible. This study explored cerebral glucose metabolism in 17 normal controls ranging in age from 20 to 74 years. High resolution PET scanning, with MRI-based regions of interest correcting for partial volume and atrophy effects, revealed a linear association between advancing age and declining cerebral glucose metabolism. The decline averaged 8% per decade for the whole brain. Changes were most pronounced in limbic structures, and could be implicated in age-associated memory loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Blesa
- Hospital Clinic i Provincial, Servei de Neurologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, SpainUniversity of Ottawa, Faculty of Medicine/Neurology, Ottawa Civic Hospital and Elisabeth Bruyere Health Center, Ottawa, Ontario, CanadaDent Neurological Institute, Millard Filmore Hospital, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USAExperimental Therapeutics Branch, NINDS, National Institutes of Health*, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Morris C, Simpson J, Sampson M, Beesley F. Emotion and Self-Cutting: Narratives of Service Users Referred to a Personality Disorder Service. Clin Psychol Psychother 2013; 22:125-32. [DOI: 10.1002/cpp.1870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Morris
- Psychological Therapies Services; Pennine Care NHS Foundation Trust; Ashton under Lyne Lancashire UK
| | | | - Mark Sampson
- 5 Boroughs NHS Foundation Trust; Warrington Cheshire UK
| | - Frank Beesley
- 5 Boroughs NHS Foundation Trust; Warrington Cheshire UK
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ledoux T, Gallagher M, Sampson M, Saher N, McFarlin B. Investigating the Feasibility and Efficacy of a Brief Version of BELI (Brief Biofeedback Enhanced Lifestyle Intervention) for Weight Loss. J Acad Nutr Diet 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2013.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
31
|
Morris C, Simpson J, Sampson M, Beesley F. Cultivating Positive Emotions: A Useful Adjunct When Working with People Who Self-Harm? Clin Psychol Psychother 2013; 21:352-62. [DOI: 10.1002/cpp.1836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Revised: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Morris
- Pennine Care NHS Foundation Trust, Psychological Therapies Services; Lancashire UK
| | | | - Mark Sampson
- 5 Boroughs Partnership NHS Foundation Trust; Warrington UK
| | - Frank Beesley
- 5 Boroughs Partnership NHS Foundation Trust; Warrington UK
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Shamseer L, Sampson M, Bukutu C, Barrowman N, Altman D, Moher D, Vohra S. P05.50. CONSORT extension for N-of-1 trials (CENT) guidelines. Altern Ther Health Med 2012. [PMCID: PMC3373855 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-s1-p410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
33
|
Harrison M, Norris M, Weinstangel H, Field C, Sampson M. The Effect of Family Meals on Adolescent Psychosocial Outcomes: A Systematic Review. Paediatr Child Health 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/pch/17.suppl_a.40ab] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
34
|
Burke G, Hillier C, Cole J, Sampson M, Bridges L, Bushby K, Barresi R, Hammans SR. Calpainopathy presenting as foot drop in a 41 year old. Neuromuscul Disord 2010; 20:407-10. [PMID: 20580976 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2010.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2009] [Revised: 04/14/2010] [Accepted: 04/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the gene encoding muscle-specific calpain 3 protease cause limb girdle muscular dystrophy type 2A. Calpainopathy is characterised by progressive symmetrical atrophy of pelvic, scapular and trunk muscles with an elevated creatine kinase. Most patients develop symptoms in childhood and lose the ability to walk by the age of 40 years. We describe a man who presented with foot drop at the age of 41 years, together with neurophysiological, histopathological and genetic data. This is the first report of calpainopathy presenting as foot drop, and widens the phenotype associated with this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Burke
- Wessex Neurological Centre, Southampton University Hospitals Trust, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Halberg F, Cornélissen G, Bernhardt KH, Sampson M, Schwartzkopff O, Sonntag D. Egeson's (George's) transtridecadal weather cycling and sunspots. Hist Geo Space Sci 2010; 1:49-61. [PMID: 21547003 PMCID: PMC3086776 DOI: 10.5194/hgss-1-49-2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In the late 19th century, Charles Egeson, a map compiler at the Sydney Observatory, carried out some of the earliest research on climatic cycles, linking them to about 33-year cycles in solar activity, and predicted that a devastating drought would strike Australia at the turn of the 20th century. Eduard Brückner and William J. S. Lockyer, who, like Egeson, found similar cycles, with notable exceptions, are also, like the map compiler, mostly forgotten. But the transtridecadal cycles are important in human physiology, economics and other affairs and are particularly pertinent to ongoing discusions of climate change. Egeson's publication of daily weather reports preceded those officially recorded. Their publication led to clashes with his superiors and his personal life was marked by run-ins with the law and, possibly, an implied, but not proven, confinement in an insane asylum and premature death. We here track what little is known of Egeson's life and of his bucking of the conventional scientific wisdom of his time with tragic results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F. Halberg
- Halberg Chronobiology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - G. Cornélissen
- Halberg Chronobiology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | | | - M. Sampson
- Halberg Chronobiology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - O. Schwartzkopff
- Halberg Chronobiology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - D. Sonntag
- Asian Office of Aerospace Research & Development, US Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Port ER, Subbaramaiah K, Brogi E, Sampson M, Panageas K, Dannenberg A, Hudis C. Celecoxib and aromatase activity in breast cancer: Results from a prospective randomized preoperative trial. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.1527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
37
|
Vohra S, Shamseer L, Bukutu C, Sampson M, Barrowman N, Moher D. Consort Extension for N-Of-1 Trials (Cent) Guidelines. Paediatr Child Health 2010. [DOI: 10.1093/pch/15.suppl_a.67ab] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
38
|
King T, Sakr R, Gurevich I, Patil S, Stempel M, Sampson M, Schluger A, Morrow M. Clinical Management Factors Contribute to the Decision for Contralateral Prophylactic Mastectomy (CPM). Cancer Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs-09-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
INTRODUCTION:Rates of CPM are reported to be increasing, yet factors driving this trend are unclear. We performed this analysis to determine if increasing rates of CPM are being driven by increased recognition of risk factors for contralateral breast cancer (CBC) or by treatment factors related to the index lesion.METHODS:From 1997-2005, 2967 patients with Stage 0-III primary unilateral breast cancer underwent mastectomy at MSKCC and were entered into a prospectively maintained database. Demographic, tumor and treatment factors were abstracted and comparisons made between patients who did and did not undergo CPM within one year of treatment for their index cancer. Generalized estimating equations were used to fit logistic regression models to identify independent predictors of CPM.RESULTS:The overall rate of CPM was 13.8%(n=408), increasing from 6.7% in 1997 to 24.4% in 2005 (p<0.0001). The median age of CPM pts was 44.9 vs 53.2 in the non-CPM group (p<.001) and only 7% of CPM pts were non-white compared to 25% of non-CPM pts (p<.001). Although 69% of CPM pts had a family history (FH) of breast cancer (vs 40% non-CPM; p<.001) only 8% had 2 or more first degree relatives affected. Genetic testing was performed in 29% of CPM pts; of those 37 (31%) were positive. The use of MRI increased from 1.3% to 36.3%of cases over the study period. MRI at diagnosis (43% vs 16%) and MRI generated biopsy in the contralateral or bilateral breasts (29% vs 4%) were strongly associated with CPM (p<.0001). Prior attempts at breast conservation (BCT) (28% vs 16%; p<.001) were more common in the CPM group, but number of attempts did not differ between groups. Patients undergoing CPM were more likely to have DCIS versus an invasive histology (p<0.0001), and of those with invasive disease, CPM patients had smaller tumors (1.2cm vs. 1.8cm, p<0.0001) and were more likely to be node negative (53% vs 43%, p<0.0001). ER, PR, and HER2 status were not associated with CPM. CPM rates among surgeons ranged from 9.8% to 26%. Multivariate analysis of predictors of CPM for 2387 patients with complete data is shown in the Table.VariableORp95%CIWhite race3.6<0.00012.4-5.4Age<502.3<0.00011.8-3.1FH breast cancer2.9<0.00012.3-3.7MRI at Dx2.2<0.00011.7-2.8BCT attempted1.60.000081.2-2.1Reconstruction3.2<0.00012.3-4.5DCIS histology1.40.021.1-1.9*adjusted for surgeonCONCLUSIONS: Factors associated with clinical management of the index cancer such as preoperative MRI with the potential for additional biopsy, failed attempt at BCT, and breast reconstruction were strongly associated with CPM. Age and FH were also independent predictors; however the FH profiles of CPM pts in this series do not support increased recognition of mutation carriers and truly high risk FH as a major cause of increasing rates of CPM. The lack of association with ER status, which results in treatment that decreases the risk of CBC, provides additional support that patients may be choosing CPM for reasons other than future risk. These data suggest that the need for additional procedures during management of the index cancer may be contributing to the increasing use of CPM among a relatively moderate risk patient population. Efforts to optimize BCT and minimize unnecessary tests may help to curb this trend.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 38.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T. King
- 1Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, NY,
| | - R. Sakr
- 1Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, NY,
| | - I. Gurevich
- 1Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, NY,
| | - S. Patil
- 1Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, NY,
| | - M. Stempel
- 1Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, NY,
| | - M. Sampson
- 1Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, NY,
| | - A. Schluger
- 1Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, NY,
| | - M. Morrow
- 1Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, NY,
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systematic reviews are most helpful if they are up-to-date. We did a systematic review of strategies and methods describing when and how to update systematic reviews. OBJECTIVES To identify, describe and assess strategies and methods addressing: 1) when to update systematic reviews and 2) how to update systematic reviews. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched MEDLINE (1966 to December 2005), PsycINFO, the Cochrane Methodology Register (Issue 1, 2006), and hand searched the 2005 Cochrane Colloquium proceedings. SELECTION CRITERIA We included methodology reports, updated systematic reviews, commentaries, editorials, or other short reports describing the development, use, or comparison of strategies and methods for determining the need for updating or updating systematic reviews in healthcare. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We abstracted information from each included report using a 15-item questionnaire. The strategies and methods for updating systematic reviews were assessed and compared descriptively with respect to their usefulness, comprehensiveness, advantages, and disadvantages. MAIN RESULTS Four updating strategies, one technique, and two statistical methods were identified. Three strategies addressed steps for updating and one strategy presented a model for assessing the need to update. One technique discussed the use of the "entry date" field in bibliographic searching. Statistical methods were cumulative meta-analysis and predicting when meta-analyses are outdated. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Little research has been conducted on when and how to update systematic reviews and the feasibility and efficiency of the identified approaches is uncertain. These shortcomings should be addressed in future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Moher
- Chalmers Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, 401 Smyth Road, Room R226, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1H 8L1.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Guerra L, Moher D, Barrowman N, Sampson M, Pike J, Leonard M. POS-02.119: Intravesical oxybutynin for children with poorly compliant neurogenic bladders: a Systematic Review. Urology 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2007.06.1055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
41
|
Chinnery PF, Mowbray C, Patel SK, Elson JL, Sampson M, Hitman GA, McCarthy MI, Hattersley AT, Walker M. Mitochondrial DNA haplogroups and type 2 diabetes: a study of 897 cases and 1010 controls. J Med Genet 2007; 44:e80. [PMID: 17551080 PMCID: PMC2740896 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2007.048876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria play a central role in the secretion of insulin by pancreatic beta-cells, and pathogenic mutations of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) can cause diabetes. The aetiology of type 2 diabetes has a strong genetic component, raising the possibility that genetic variants of mtDNA alter the risk of developing the disorder. Recent studies have produced conflicting results. By studying 897 UK cases of type 2 diabetes and 1010 population-matched controls, it is shown that European mtDNA haplogroups are unlikely to play a major role in the risk of developing the disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P F Chinnery
- Mitochondrial Research Group, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Castleden HAJ, Shields B, Bingley PJ, Williams AJK, Sampson M, Walker M, Gibson JM, McCarthy MI, Hitman GA, Levy JC, Hattersley AT, Vaidya B, Pearson ER. GAD antibodies in probands and their relatives in a cohort clinically selected for Type 2 diabetes. Diabet Med 2006; 23:834-8. [PMID: 16911619 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2006.01915.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS A subset of patients who present as if they have Type 2 diabetes have positive pancreatic autoantibodies, and have been referred to as having latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA). We assessed the prevalence and clinical characteristics of patients with glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (GADA) in a cohort clinically selected for Type 2 diabetes and determined the presence of diabetes and GADA in their first-degree relatives. METHODS GADA were measured in 2059 subjects, not known to be related, and clinically selected as having Type 2 diabetes for genetic studies. Clinical characteristics were compared in GADA positive and GADA negative subjects. Diabetes and GAD antibody status were compared in 208 first-degree relatives of GADA positive and GADA negative probands. RESULTS Of the subjects, 136 (7%) were GADA positive. Compared with the GADA negative subjects, they were slimmer (P < 0.001), diagnosed at a younger age (P = 0.011) and progressed to insulin faster (P < 0.001). Thirty-three per cent of GADA positive subjects had a first-degree relative with diabetes compared with 42% of GADA negative subjects (P = 0.034). The overall prevalence of GADA was similar in the first-degree relatives of GADA positive and GADA negative probands (4 v 5%), and 19 of 22 (86%) diabetic relatives of GADA positive probands were GADA negative. CONCLUSION Despite clinically selecting a Type 2 diabetes cohort, 7% were GADA positive with an altered phenotype. These GADA positive patients had a strong family history of non-autoimmune diabetes. This suggests that, in this subgroup of patients, autoimmune pancreatic beta-cell destruction occurs on a background of Type 2 diabetes genetic susceptibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H A J Castleden
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Peninsula Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Singh R, Pearson E, Avery PJ, McCarthy MI, Levy JC, Hitman GA, Sampson M, Walker M, Hattersley AT. Reduced beta cell function in offspring of mothers with young-onset type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2006; 49:1876-80. [PMID: 16703328 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-006-0285-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2005] [Accepted: 03/16/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Animal models indicate that even exposure to mild maternal hyperglycaemia in utero is detrimental to the beta cell function of the offspring, but evidence of this in humans is limited. In Europids who are diagnosed with type 2 diabetes before the age of 50 years, the risk of diabetes in the offspring of the diabetic mothers is greatly increased compared with the risk in those born to diabetic fathers. We hypothesised that offspring born to mothers with young-onset type 2 diabetes would have been exposed to mild hyperglycaemia in utero, so we studied the impact of this on their beta cell function. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We measured beta cell function using early insulin response (EIR) after oral glucose; insulin resistance using HOMA; and HbA(1c) in 568 non-diabetic adult offspring born to parents with type 2 diabetes (mean age 55.8 years), split according to which parent was affected (in 327 it was the mother) and parental age of diagnosis: <50 years (n=117) or > or =50 years. To reduce the impact of genetic susceptibility, the offspring of affected fathers were used as control subjects. RESULTS Offspring of mothers with young-onset type 2 diabetes had lower EIR (log EIR 4.32, 95% CI [4.14-4.51] vs 4.63 [4.43-4.83] p=0.02) and higher HbA(1c) (4.89% [4.79-4.99] vs 4.68% [4.57-4.79] p=0.02) than the offspring of fathers with young-onset type 2 diabetes. Insulin sensitivity was similar in the two groups. There were no differences in EIR or HbA(1c) between the offspring born to mothers and fathers who were diagnosed after the age of 50 years. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION We conclude that the offspring of mothers with young-onset type 2 diabetes have a reduction in beta cell function. This is consistent with exposure to mild maternal hyperglycaemia programming beta cell function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Singh
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Peninsula Medical School, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5AX, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Reisman J, Schachter HM, Dales RE, Tran K, Kourad K, Barnes D, Sampson M, Morrison A, Gaboury I, Blackman J. Treating asthma with omega-3 fatty acids: where is the evidence? A systematic review. BMC Complement Altern Med 2006; 6:26. [PMID: 16854238 PMCID: PMC1550729 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-6-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2006] [Accepted: 07/19/2006] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Background Considerable interest exists in the potential therapeutic value of dietary supplementation with the omega-3 fatty acids. Given the interplay between pro-inflammatory omega-6 fatty acids, and the less pro-inflammatory omega-3 fatty acids, it has been thought that the latter could play a key role in treating or preventing asthma. The purpose was to systematically review the scientific-medical literature in order to identify, appraise, and synthesize the evidence for possible treatment effects of omega-3 fatty acids in asthma. Methods Medline, Premedline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CAB Health, and, Dissertation Abstracts were searched to April 2003. We included randomized controlled trials (RCT's) of subjects of any age that used any foods or extracts containing omega-3 fatty acids as treatment or prevention for asthma. Data included all asthma related outcomes, potential covariates, characteristics of the study, design, population, intervention/exposure, comparators, and co interventions. Results Ten RCT's were found pertinent to the present report. Conclusion Given the largely inconsistent picture within and across respiratory outcomes, it is impossible to determine whether or not omega-3 fatty acids are an efficacious adjuvant or monotherapy for children or adults. Based on this systematic review we recommend a large randomized controlled study of the effects of high-dose encapsulated omega-3 fatty acids on ventilatory and inflammatory measures of asthma controlling diet and other asthma risk factors. This review was limited because Meta-analysis was considered inappropriate due to missing data; poorly or heterogeneously defined populations, interventions, intervention-comparator combinations, and outcomes. In addition, small sample sizes made it impossible to meaningfully assess the impact on clinical outcomes of co-variables. Last, few significant effects were found.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Reisman
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - HM Schachter
- Chalmers Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - RE Dales
- The Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Ottawa Health Research Institute, Ottawa Hospital and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - K Tran
- Canadian Coordinating Office for Health Technology Assessment, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - K Kourad
- Chalmers Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - D Barnes
- Chalmers Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - M Sampson
- Chalmers Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - A Morrison
- Canadian Coordinating Office for Health Technology Assessment, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - I Gaboury
- Chalmers Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - J Blackman
- Complementary Medicine Program, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Moher D, Barrowman N, Daniel R, Eccles M, Grimshaw J, Sampson M, Tricco A, Tsertsvadze A. When and how to update systematic reviews. Hippokratia 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.mr000023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
46
|
Deforge D, Blackmer J, Garritty C, Yazdi F, Cronin V, Barrowman N, Fang M, Mamaladze V, Zhang L, Sampson M, Moher D. Male erectile dysfunction following spinal cord injury: a systematic review. Spinal Cord 2005; 44:465-73. [PMID: 16317419 DOI: 10.1038/sj.sc.3101880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Systematic review. OBJECTIVE To review sexuality in persons with spinal cord injuries (SCIs), and to report the effectiveness of erectile interventions. METHODS Reports from six databases (1966-2003), selected annual proceedings (1997-2002) and manufacturer's information were screened against eligibility criteria. Included reports were abstracted and data pooled from case-series reports regarding intracavernous injections and sildenafil. RESULTS From 2127 unique reports evaluated, 49 were included. Male sexual dysfunction was addressed in these reports of several interventions (behavioural therapy, topical agents, intraurethral alprosatadil, intracavernous injections, vacuum tumescence devices, penile implants, sacral stimulators and oral medication). Penile injections resulted in successful erectile function in 90% (95% CI: 83%, 97%) of men. Sildenafil resulted in 79% (95% CI: 68%, 90%) success; the difference in efficacy was not statistically significant. Five case-series reports involving 363 participants with penile implants demonstrated a high satisfaction rate, but a 10% complication rate. CONCLUSIONS A large body of evidence addressing sexuality in males focuses on erection. Penile injection, sildenafil and vacuum devices generally obviate the need for penile implants to address erectile dysfunction. Interventions may positively affect sexual activity in the short term. Long-term sexual adjustment and holistic approaches beyond erections remain to be studied. Rigorous study design and reporting, using common outcome measures, will facilitate higher quality research. This will positively impact patient care. SPONSORSHIP Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, US Department of Health and Human Services, 2101 East Jefferson Street, Rockville, MD 20852, USA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Deforge
- The Rehabilitation Centre, Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Sharma M, Clark H, Armour T, Stotts G, Coté R, Hill MD, Demchuck AM, Moher D, Garritty C, Yazdi F, Lumely-Leger K, Murdock M, Sampson M, Barrowman N, Lewin G. Acute stroke: evaluation and treatment. Evid Rep Technol Assess (Summ) 2005:1-7. [PMID: 16111434 PMCID: PMC4781060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
|
48
|
Hodge W, Barnes D, Schachter HM, Pan Y, Lowcock EC, Zhang L, Sampson M, Morrison A, Tran K, Miguelez M, Lewin G. Effects of omega-3 fatty acids on eye health. Evid Rep Technol Assess (Summ) 2005:1-6. [PMID: 16111433 PMCID: PMC4780934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
|
49
|
DeForge D, Blackmer J, Garritty C, Yazdi F, Cronin V, Barrowman N, Fang M, Mamaladze V, Zhang L, Sampson M, Moher D. Fertility following spinal cord injury: a systematic review. Spinal Cord 2005; 43:693-703. [PMID: 15951744 DOI: 10.1038/sj.sc.3101769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Systematic review. OBJECTIVES To review systematically fertility of persons with spinal cord injuries (SCI) and their partners. METHODS Reports from six databases (1966-2003), selected annual proceedings (1997-2002) and manufacturer's information were screened against eligibility criteria. Searches covered female obstetrical issues, and the efficacy of vibration and electroejaculation for males, as well as advanced fertility (AF) treatments for partners of SCI males. Data were pooled from case-series reports on SCI males' ejaculation, and pregnancies and live births for partners of SCI males. RESULTS In all, 2,127 unique reports were evaluated, of which 66 reports were included. No studies investigated fertility in SCI females. Ejaculation interventions in the last decade resulted in response rates of 95% (95% confidence intervals (CI) 91%, 99%), with 100% response rate reported in several recent publications. A total of 13 studies (1993-2001) yielded pregnancy rates of 51% (95% CI 42%, 60%) in partners of SCI males. Of these, 11 studies (1993-2003) yielded live birth rates of 41% (95% CI 33%, 49%). CONCLUSIONS Fertility of SCI males is extensively studied. Semen for fertility purposes can generally be obtained using vibration and electroejaculation. AF techniques are increasing pregnancy rates. Research is needed to improve sperm quality. Freezing of sperm is unlikely to significantly improve fertility rates. Fertility of SCI females is addressed only in case reports and opinion articles. The opinion that female fertility is unaffected by SCI should be further investigated using appropriate research methodology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D DeForge
- Division of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, The Rehabilitation Centre, University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital General Campus, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Affiliation(s)
- H Pratt
- Radiology Department, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|