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Jaffar-Bandjee M, Figon F, Clémençon P, Renard JB, Casas J. Aerosol Alteration of Behavioral Response to Pheromone in Bombyx mori. J Chem Ecol 2023; 49:353-362. [PMID: 37120695 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-023-01431-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Because of the complexity to study them, aerosols have been neglected in nearly all studies on olfaction, especially studies dealing with odor capture. However, aerosols are present in large quantities in the atmosphere and have the physico-chemical ability to interact with odor molecules, in particular the many pheromones with low volatility. We submitted male moths of Bombyx mori to bombykol puffs, the main fatty alcohol component of its sex pheromone, depending on whether the air is free of aerosols, charged with ambient concentration aerosols or supplemented with aqueous aerosols and recorded their arousal behavior. Aerosols and pheromone do interact consistently over all experiments and moths react better in low aerosol-concentration conditions. We propose four hypotheses for explaining this impediment, the two most likely resorting to competition between odor molecules and aerosols for the olfactory pores and postulate a reversal to a positive impact of aerosols on communication, depending on the particular physico-chemical properties of the multiphasic interaction. Studying the partitioning between gas and particulate phases in the transport and reception of odors is key for advancing the chemico-physical understanding of olfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mourad Jaffar-Bandjee
- Insect Biology Research Institute, University of Tours - CNRS, Tours, France.
- Biomaterials Department, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Florent Figon
- Insect Biology Research Institute, University of Tours - CNRS, Tours, France
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Grenoble, France
| | - Paul Clémençon
- Insect Biology Research Institute, University of Tours - CNRS, Tours, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Renard
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace, CNRS - University of Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Jérôme Casas
- Insect Biology Research Institute, University of Tours - CNRS, Tours, France
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2
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Wang Q, Liu G, Yan L, Xu W, Hilton DJ, Liu X, Pei W, Li X, Wu J, Zhao H, Zhang D, Elgar MA. Short-term particulate matter contamination severely compromises insect antennal olfactory perception. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4112. [PMID: 37433781 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39469-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The consequences of sub-lethal levels of ambient air pollution are underestimated for insects, for example, the accumulation of particulate matter on sensory receptors located on their antennae may have detrimental effects to their function. Here we show that the density of particulate matter on the antennae of houseflies (Musca domestica) collected from an urban environment increases with the severity of air pollution. A combination of behavioural assays, electroantennograms and transcriptomic analysis provide consistent evidence that a brief exposure to particulate matter pollution compromises olfactory perception of reproductive and food odours in both male and female houseflies. Since particulate matter can be transported thousands of kilometres from its origin, these effects may represent an additional factor responsible for global declines in insect numbers, even in pristine and remote areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qike Wang
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, China
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Genting Liu
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, China
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Liping Yan
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Wentian Xu
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Douglas J Hilton
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Xianhui Liu
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Wenya Pei
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Jinbiao Wu
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Haifeng Zhao
- Faculty of Architecture, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Dong Zhang
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, China.
| | - Mark A Elgar
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
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3
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Xu W, Li X, Wang Q, Zhang C, Yang M, Zhou T, Li K, Zhang D. Insights into the Antennal Characteristics and Olfactory Strategy of the Endangered Rhino Stomach Bot Fly Gyrostigma rhinocerontis (Diptera: Oestridae). INSECTS 2022; 13:889. [PMID: 36292837 PMCID: PMC9604252 DOI: 10.3390/insects13100889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Gyrostigma rhinocerontis (Diptera: Oestridae) is a rare obligate intestinal parasite of both white and black rhinoceroses, which can induce severe myiasis, cause secondary infection, and lead to enormous economic and scientific loss. Antennae are the main sensory organs of G. rhinocerontis, which may have evolved a series of specialized adaptive structures to facilitate the exploitation of their hosts. Here, we thoroughly examine the antennae of G. rhinocerontis via light and scanning electron microscopy. Only microtrichia and chaetic sensilla were observed on the scape and pedicel, and the latter is enlarged, half-enveloping the postpedicel. Four types of sensilla (trichoid sensilla, basiconic sensilla, coeloconic sensilla, and clavate sensilla) and sensory pits are detected on the postpedicel. A set of coeloconic sensilla and a chaetic sensillum are located on the arista. Distribution, type, size, and ultrastructure of antennal sensilla are presented. The antennae of G. rhinocerontis are the largest among Oestridae species, with the most sensilla and the most sensory pits. These antennal characteristics could be correlated to their adaptation for more sensitive and accurate olfactory organs, used to locate their rare and endangered hosts. Accordingly, this morphological evidence supports that the host is an important driving factor in the diversity of antennal morphology in the bot flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentian Xu
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Qinghua East Road 35, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Qinghua East Road 35, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qike Wang
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Chenglin Zhang
- Beijing Zoo, Beijing 100044, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Captive Wildlife Technologies, Beijing Zoo, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Minghai Yang
- Beijing Zoo, Beijing 100044, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Captive Wildlife Technologies, Beijing Zoo, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Tongshan Zhou
- Yantai City Garden Construction and Maintenance Center, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Kai Li
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Qinghua East Road 35, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Qinghua East Road 35, Beijing 100083, China
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4
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Johnson TL, Elgar MA, Symonds MRE. Movement and olfactory signals: Sexually dimorphic antennae and female flightlessness in moths. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.919093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Darwin argued a role for sexual selection in the evolution of male sensory structures, including insect antennae, the strength of which will depend upon the importance of early arrival at receptive females. There is remarkable variation in the nature and degree of sexual dimorphism in moth antennae, with males of some species having spectacular, feathery antennae. Although it is widely assumed that these elaborate structures provide greater sensitivity to chemical signals (sex pheromones), the factors underlying the interspecific diversity in male antennal structure and size are poorly understood. Because male antennal morphology may be affected by several female life–history traits, including flight ability, we conducted a phylogenetic comparative analysis to test how these traits are linked, using data from 93 species of moths across 11 superfamilies. Our results reveal that elaborate antennae in males have evolved more frequently in species where females are monandrous. Further, female loss of flight ability evolved more frequently in species where males have elaborate antennae. These results suggest that elaborate antennae have evolved in response to more intense male competition, arising from female monandry, and that the evolution of elaborate antennae in males has, in turn, shaped the evolution of female flightlessness.
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Xu W, Liu G, Wang Q, Yan L, Liu X, Li X, Pape T, Zhang D. Ultrastructure of Antennal Sensory Organs in Nine Flesh Flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae): New Insight into the Definition of Family Sarcophagidae. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13070602. [PMID: 35886778 PMCID: PMC9316071 DOI: 10.3390/insects13070602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The antennal sensilla of species in all three subfamilies of Sarcophagidae are studied for the first time via scanning electron microscopy. The morphology, density, and distribution of each type are described for each species. A total of eight types of antennal sensilla (chaetic sensilla, setiferous plaques, pedicellar buttons, trichoid sensilla, basiconic sensilla, coeloconic sensilla, clavate sensilla, bottle-shaped sensilla) and sensory pits are found in both sexes. The existence of bottle-shaped sensilla in the sensory pits in all three subfamilies of the sarcophagid species suggests a potential synapomorphy of sarcophagids and a new morphological diagnosis character of the family Sarcophagidae. Abstract The antennae are the main olfactory organ of flies, playing key roles in their survival and the success of all life stages. Antennal ultrastructural morphology has been well described in the representative species of most calyptrate families, yet only a few studies have focused on Sarcophagidae species, those with ecological and medical relevance. Antennal morphology and the types, shapes, distribution, and density of the antennal sensilla of nine Sarcophagidae species are studied in detail with scanning electron microscopy, including Miltogramminae: Metopia campestris (Fallén) and Mesomelena mesomelaena (Loew), Paramacronychiinae: Agria mihalyii (Rohdendorf & Verves), Wohlfahrtia bella (Macquart), and W. magnifica (Schiner); Sarcophaginae: Sarcophaga (Parasarcophaga) albiceps Meigen, S. (Bercaea) africa (Wiedemann), S. (Boettcherisca) peregrina (Robineau-Desvoidy), and S. (Liosarcophaga) portschinskyi (Rohdendorf), covering all three subfamilies of this family. The morphology of the three segments of the antennae has been described. The scape has only one type of chaetic sensilla, while three subtypes of chaetic sensilla were detected on the pedicel. The postpedicel has four types of sensilla: trichoid sensilla, coeloconic sensilla, clavate sensilla, and three subtypes of basiconic sensilla. Bottle-shaped sensilla were observed in sensory pits on the postpedicel in all nine species. These sensilla have not been discovered in other calyptrate species, suggesting that they are a potential sarcophagid synapomorphy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentian Xu
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Qinghua East Road 35, Beijing 100083, China; (W.X.); (G.L.); (L.Y.); (X.L.)
| | - Genting Liu
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Qinghua East Road 35, Beijing 100083, China; (W.X.); (G.L.); (L.Y.); (X.L.)
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia;
| | - Qike Wang
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia;
| | - Liping Yan
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Qinghua East Road 35, Beijing 100083, China; (W.X.); (G.L.); (L.Y.); (X.L.)
| | - Xianhui Liu
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Xinyu Li
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Qinghua East Road 35, Beijing 100083, China; (W.X.); (G.L.); (L.Y.); (X.L.)
| | - Thomas Pape
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, Science Faculty, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Dong Zhang
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Qinghua East Road 35, Beijing 100083, China; (W.X.); (G.L.); (L.Y.); (X.L.)
- Correspondence:
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Li J, Yang YM, Wang Y, Yang CQ, Wang GF, Wu CS, Zhang AB. Find My Way to You: A Comparative Study of Antennal Sensilla and Olfactory Genes in Slug Moth With Different Diet Ranges (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae). Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.845922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Insects and plants that provide them with foods have coexisted for several hundred million years, which leads to various defense approaches and insect-feeding strategies. The host plant provides insects with food sources, shelter materials, and oviposition sites for phytophagous insects. However, they need to find the most suitable host plants in complicated plant communities. The antenna is the main sensory organ of insects, housing different types of sensilla dedicated to detecting chemical cues, motion, humidity, and temperature. Phytophagous insects with different diets may possess various adaptations in their olfactory system. We selected three species of slug moth (Narosoideus flavidorsalis, Chalcoscelides castaneipars, and Setora postornata) with different diet breadths to detect the structural diversity of antennal sensilla using the scanning electron microscope. A total of nine types of sensilla were identified in these three species, in which two types of sensilla (sensilla uniporous peg and sensilla furcatea) were the first found and reported in Limacodidae. By comparing the number of sensilla types, there was a trend of gradually decreasing the number of sensory types with the gradual expansion of feeding habitats. To better understand the vital roles of olfactory proteins in localizing host plants, we investigated the chemosensory proteins in the antennal transcriptomes of N. flavidorsalis and S. postornata. However, there was no significant correlation between the number of olfactory genes and the increase of antennal sensilla types. Combining antennal morphology, transcriptome analysis, and the prediction of suitable areas, we better understood the olfactory systems with different feeding preferences, which will provide new prospects for plant–insect interactions and population control methods.
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7
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Pham HT, Elgar MA, van Lieshout E, McNamara KB. Experimental immune challenges reduce the quality of male antennae and female pheromone output. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3578. [PMID: 35246550 PMCID: PMC8897396 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07100-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual signalling is a key feature of reproductive investment, yet the effects of immune system activation on investment into chemical signalling, and especially signal receiver traits such as antennae, are poorly understood. We explore how upregulation of juvenile immunity affects male antennal functional morphology and female pheromone attractiveness in the gumleaf skeletonizer moth, Uraba lugens. We injected final-instar larvae with a high or low dose of an immune elicitor or a control solution and measured male antennal morphological traits, gonad investment and female pheromone attractiveness. Immune activation affected male and female signalling investment: immune challenged males had a lower density of antennal sensilla, and the pheromone of immune-challenged females was less attractive to males than their unchallenged counterparts. Immune challenge affected female investment into ovary development but not in a linear, dose-dependent manner. While there was no effect of immune challenge on testes size, there was a trade-off between male pre- and post-copulatory investment: male antennal length was negatively correlated with testes size. Our study highlights the costs of elaborate antennae and pheromone production and demonstrates the capacity for honest signalling in species where the costs of pheromone production were presumed to be trivial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hieu T Pham
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agronomy, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Mark A Elgar
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Emile van Lieshout
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Kathryn B McNamara
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
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8
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Croce AC, Scolari F. The Bright Side of the Tiger: Autofluorescence Patterns in Aedes albopictus (Diptera, Culicidae) Male and Female Mosquitoes. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030713. [PMID: 35163978 PMCID: PMC8839535 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Light-based events in insects deserve increasing attention for various reasons. Besides their roles in inter- and intra-specific visual communication, with biological, ecological and taxonomical implications, optical properties are also promising tools for the monitoring of insect pests and disease vectors. Among these is the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, a global arbovirus vector. Here we have focused on the autofluorescence characterization of Ae. albopictus adults using a combined imaging and spectrofluorometric approach. Imaging has evidenced that autofluorescence rises from specific body compartments, such as the head appendages, and the abdominal and leg scales. Spectrofluorometry has demonstrated that emission consists of a main band in the 410–600 nm region. The changes in the maximum peak position, between 430 nm and 500 nm, and in the spectral width, dependent on the target structure, indicate the presence, at variable degrees, of different fluorophores, likely resilin, chitin and melanins. The aim of this work has been to provide initial evidence on the so far largely unexplored autofluorescence of Ae. albopictus, to furnish new perspectives for the set-up of species- and sex-specific investigation of biological functions as well as of strategies for in-flight direct detection and surveillance of mosquito vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C. Croce
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Department of Biology & Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.C.C.); (F.S.); Tel.: +39-0382-986428 (A.C.C.); +39-0382-986421 (F.S.)
| | - Francesca Scolari
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Department of Biology & Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.C.C.); (F.S.); Tel.: +39-0382-986428 (A.C.C.); +39-0382-986421 (F.S.)
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9
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Liu G, Wang Q, Liu X, Li X, Pang X, Zhang D. Antennal and palpal sensilla of three predatory Lispe species (Diptera: Muscidae): an ultrastructural investigation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18357. [PMID: 34526584 PMCID: PMC8443604 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97677-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Antennae and maxillary palps are the most important chemical reception organs of flies. So far, the morphology of antennae and maxillary palps of flies of most feeding habits have been well described, except for that of relatively rare aquatic predatory species. This study describes sensilla on antennae and maxillary palps of three aquatic predatory Lispe species: Lispe longicollis, L. orientalis and L. pygmaea. Types, distribution, and density of sensilla are characterised via light and scanning electron microscopy. One type of mechanoreceptors is found on antennal scape. Mechanoreceptors (two subtypes) and one single pedicellar button (in L. pygmaea) are located on antennal pedicel. Four types of sensilla are discovered on antennal postpedicel: trichoid sensilla, basiconic sensilla (three subtypes), coeloconic sensilla and clavate sensilla. A unique character of these Lispe species is that the coeloconic sensilla are distributed sparsely on antennal postpedicel. Mechanoreceptors and basiconic sensilla are observed on the surface of maxillary palps in all three species. We demonstrated clear sexual dimorphism of the maxillary palps in some of the Lispe species, unlike most other Muscidae species, are larger in males than females. This, along with their courtship dance behaviour, suggest their function as both chemical signal receiver and visual signal conveyer, which is among the few records of a chemical reception organ act as a signal conveyer in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genting Liu
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Qike Wang
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Xianhui Liu
- University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Xinyu Li
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Qinghua East Road No. 35, Mailbox 162, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiunan Pang
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Qinghua East Road No. 35, Mailbox 162, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Qinghua East Road No. 35, Mailbox 162, Beijing, 100083, China.
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10
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Bahia AC, Barletta ABF, Pinto LC, Orfanó AS, Nacif-Pimenta R, Volfova V, Petr V, Secundino NFC, de Freitas Fernandes F, Pimenta PFP. Morphological Characterization of the Antennal Sensilla of the Afrotropical Sand Fly, Phlebotomus duboscqi (Diptera: Psychodidae). JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 58:634-645. [PMID: 33710316 PMCID: PMC8243367 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjaa247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We investigated by scanning electron microscopy the morphology, distribution, and abundance of antennal sensilla of females Phlebotomus duboscqi sand fly, an important vector of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis at Afrotropical region. Thirteen well-differentiated sensilla were identified, among six types of cuticular sensilla. The probable function of these sensillary types is discussed in relation to their external structure and distribution. Five sensillary types were classified as olfactory sensilla, as they have specific morphological characters of sensilla with this function. Number and distribution of sensilla significantly differed between antennal segments. The results of the present work, besides corroborating in the expansion of the morphological and ultrastructural knowledge of P. duboscqi, can foment future electrophysiological studies for the development of volatile semiochemicals, to be used as attractants in traps for monitoring and selective vector control of this sand fly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Bahia
- Laboratory of Insects and Parasites Biochemistry, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz F Barletta
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Luciana Conceição Pinto
- Laboratory of Medical Entomology (LEM), René Rachou Institute (IRR), FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Alessandra S Orfanó
- Laboratory of Medical Entomology (LEM), René Rachou Institute (IRR), FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Rafael Nacif-Pimenta
- Laboratory of Medical Entomology (LEM), René Rachou Institute (IRR), FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Vera Volfova
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Volf Petr
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Nágila Francinete Costa Secundino
- Laboratory of Medical Entomology (LEM), René Rachou Institute (IRR), FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Tropical Medicine, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Fernando de Freitas Fernandes
- Laboratory of Medical Entomology (LEM), René Rachou Institute (IRR), FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Paulo Filemon P Pimenta
- Laboratory of Medical Entomology (LEM), René Rachou Institute (IRR), FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Tropical Medicine Foundation Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, AM, Brazil
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11
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Du BJ, Chen R, Tao WT, Shi HL, Bu WJ, Liu Y, Ma S, Ni MY, Kong FL, Xiao JH, Huang DW. A Cretaceous bug with exaggerated antennae might be a double-edged sword in evolution. iScience 2020; 24:101932. [PMID: 33409478 PMCID: PMC7773949 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual selection can favor production of exaggerated features, but the high cost of such features in terms of energy consumption and enemy avoidance makes them go to extinction under the influence of natural selection. However, fossils preserved with specialized features are very rare. Here, we report a new nymph from Burmese amber, Magnusantena wuae Du & Chen gen. et sp. nov., which has exaggerated leaf-like expanded antennae. Such bizarre antennae indicate that sensitive and delicate sensory system and magnificent appearance in Hemiptera have been already established in mid-Cretaceous. Our findings may provide evidence for Darwin's view that sensory organs play an important role in sexual selection. This nymph with the leaf-like antennae may also represents a new camouflage pattern. However, the oversized antennae are costly to develop and maintain, increasing the risks from predators. Such unparalleled expanded antennae might be the key factor for the evolutionary fate of the coreid. A new coreid is described from Cretaceous Burmese amber This is the oldest bug with exaggerated leaf-like expanded antennae in Coreidae The bizarre antennae may be associated with sexual selection and defense behavior Coexisting with the advantages of the antennae is the huge costs of survival
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Jie Du
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wen-Tao Tao
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | | | - Wen-Jun Bu
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Paleo-diary Museum of Natural History, Beijing 100097, China.,Fujian Paleo-diary Bioresearch Centre, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Shuai Ma
- Paleo-diary Museum of Natural History, Beijing 100097, China.,Fujian Paleo-diary Bioresearch Centre, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Meng-Ya Ni
- Paleo-diary Museum of Natural History, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Fan-Li Kong
- Century Amber Museum, Shenzhen 518101, China
| | - Jin-Hua Xiao
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Da-Wei Huang
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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12
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Fernandes FDF, Barletta ABF, Orfanó AS, Pinto LC, Nacif-Pimenta R, Miranda JC, Secundino NFC, Bahia AC, Pimenta PFP. Ultrastructure of the Antennae and Sensilla of Nyssomyia intermedia (Diptera: Psychodidae), Vector of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 57:1722-1734. [PMID: 32761144 PMCID: PMC7899269 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjaa124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The antennal sensilla and the antenna of females Nyssomyia intermedia, one of the main vectors of American cutaneous leishmaniasis, were studied by scanning electron microscopy. The main goal was to characterize the quantity, typology, and topography of the sensilla with particular attention to the olfactory types. The insects were captured in the city of Corte de Pedra, State of Bahia, Brazil, by CDC-type light traps and raised in a laboratory as a new colony. Fourteen well-differentiated sensilla were identified, among six cuticular types: trichoidea, campaniformia, squamiformia, basiconica, chaetica, and coeloconica. Of these, six sensilla were classified as olfactory sensilla due to their specific morphological features. Smaller noninnervated pilosities of microtrichiae type were also evidenced by covering all antennal segments. The antennal segments differ in shapes and sizes, and the amount and distribution of types and subtypes of sensilla. This study may foment future taxonomic and phylogenetic analysis for a better evolutionary understanding of the sand flies. Besides, it may assist the targeting of future electrophysiological studies by Single Sensillum Recording, and aim to develop alternative measures of monitoring and control of this vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando de Freitas Fernandes
- Laboratory of Medical Entomology (LEM), René Rachou Institute (IRR), FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz F Barletta
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Alessandra S Orfanó
- Laboratory of Medical Entomology (LEM), René Rachou Institute (IRR), FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Luciana C Pinto
- Laboratory of Medical Entomology (LEM), René Rachou Institute (IRR), FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Rafael Nacif-Pimenta
- Laboratory of Medical Entomology (LEM), René Rachou Institute (IRR), FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Jose Carlos Miranda
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Transmitted by Vectors, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fiocruz, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Nágila F C Secundino
- Laboratory of Medical Entomology (LEM), René Rachou Institute (IRR), FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Bahia
- Laboratory of Insects and Parasites Biochemistry, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Paulo F P Pimenta
- Laboratory of Medical Entomology (LEM), René Rachou Institute (IRR), FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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13
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Insect pectinate antennae maximize odor capture efficiency at intermediate flight speeds. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:28126-28133. [PMID: 33122443 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2007871117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Flying insects are known to orient themselves over large distances using minute amounts of odors. Some bear pectinate antennae of remarkable architecture thought to improve olfactory performance. The semiporous, multiscale nature of these antennae influences how odor molecules reach their surface. We focus here on the repeating structural building blocks of these antennae in Saturniid moths. This microstructure consists of one ramus or branch and its many hair-like sensilla, responsible for chemical detection. We experimentally determined leakiness, defined as the proportion of air going through the microstructure rather than flowing around it, by particle image velocimetry visualization of the flow around three-dimensional printed scaled-up mock-ups. The combination of these results with a model of mass transfer showed that most pheromone molecules are deflected around the microstructure at low flow velocities, keeping them out of reach. Capture is thus determined by leakiness. By contrast, at high velocities, molecular diffusion is too slow to be effective, and the molecules pass through the structure without being captured. The sensory structure displays maximal odor capture efficiency at intermediate flow speeds, as encountered by the animal during flight. These findings also provide a rationale for the previously described "olfactory lens," an increase in pheromone reception at the proximal end of the sensors. We posit that it is based on passive mass transfer rather than on physicochemical surface processes.
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14
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An Odorant Binding Protein (SaveOBP9) Involved in Chemoreception of the Wheat Aphid Sitobion avenae. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218331. [PMID: 33172024 PMCID: PMC7664216 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Odorant binding proteins play a key role in the olfactory system and are involved in the odor perception and discrimination of insects. To investigate the potential physiological functions of SaveOBP9 in Sitobion avenae, fluorescence ligand binding experiments, molecular docking, RNA interference, and behavioral tests were performed. Fluorescence binding assay results showed that SaveOBP9 had broad and high (Ki < 10 μM) binding abilities with most of the wheat volatiles, but was more obvious at pH 7.4 than pH 5.0. The binding sites of SaveOBP9 to the volatiles were predicted well by three-dimensional docking structure modeling and molecular docking. Moreover, S. avenae showed a strong behavioral response with the four compounds of wheat. The reduction in mRNA transcript levels after the RNA interference significantly reduced the expression level of SaveOBP9 and induced the non-significant response of S. avenae to the tetradecane, octanal, decanal, and hexadecane. This study provides evidence that SaveOBP9 might be involved in the chemoreception of wheat volatile organic compounds and can successfully contribute in the integrated management programs of S. avenae.
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15
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Abstract
Insects thrive in diverse ecological niches in large part because of their highly sophisticated olfactory systems. Over the last two decades, a major focus in the study of insect olfaction has been on the role of olfactory receptors in mediating neuronal responses to environmental chemicals. In vivo, these receptors operate in specialized structures, called sensilla, which comprise neurons and non-neuronal support cells, extracellular lymph fluid and a precisely shaped cuticle. While sensilla are inherent to odour sensing in insects, we are only just beginning to understand their construction and function. Here, we review recent work that illuminates how odour-evoked neuronal activity is impacted by sensillar morphology, lymph fluid biochemistry, accessory signalling molecules in neurons and the physiological crosstalk between sensillar cells. These advances reveal multi-layered molecular and cellular mechanisms that determine the selectivity, sensitivity and dynamic modulation of odour-evoked responses in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayden R Schmidt
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Richard Benton
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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16
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Moth Mating: Modeling Female Pheromone Calling and Male Navigational Strategies to Optimize Reproductive Success. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10186543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Male and female moths communicate in complex ways to search for and to select a mate. In a process termed calling, females emit small quantities of pheromones, generating plumes that spread in the environment. Males detect the plume through their antennae and navigate toward the female. The reproductive process is marked by female choice and male–male competition, since multiple males aim to reach the female but only the first can mate with her. This provides an opportunity for female selection on male traits such as chemosensitivity to pheromone molecules and mobility. We develop a mathematical framework to investigate the overall mating likelihood, the mean first arrival time, and the quality of the first male to reach the female for four experimentally observed female calling strategies unfolding over a typical one-week mating period. We present both analytical solutions of a simplified model as well as results from agent-based numerical simulations. Our findings suggest that, by adjusting call times and the amount of released pheromone, females can optimize the mating process. In particular, shorter calling times and lower pheromone titers at onset of the mating period that gradually increase over time allow females to aim for higher-quality males while still ensuring that mating occurs by the end of the mating period.
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17
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Jaffar-Bandjee M, Krijnen G, Casas J. Challenges in Modeling Pheromone Capture by Pectinate Antennae. Integr Comp Biol 2020; 60:876-885. [PMID: 32492115 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icaa057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Insect pectinate antennae are very complex objects and studying how they capture pheromone is a challenging mass transfer problem. A few works have already been dedicated to this issue and we review their strengths and weaknesses. In all cases, a common approach is used: the antenna is split between its macro- and microstructure. Fluid dynamics aspects are solved at the highest level of the whole antenna first, that is, the macrostructure. Then, mass transfer is estimated at the scale of a single sensillum, that is, the microstructure. Another common characteristic is the modeling of sensilla by cylinders positioned transversal to the flow. Increasing efforts in faithfully modeling the geometry of the pectinate antenna and their orientation to the air flow are required to understand the major advantageous capture properties of these complex organs. Such a model would compare pectinate antennae to cylindrical ones and may help to understand why such forms of antennae evolved so many times among Lepidoptera and other insect orders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mourad Jaffar-Bandjee
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, UMR 7261, CNRS, Université de Tours, Tours, France.,Robotics and Mechatronics, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Gijs Krijnen
- Robotics and Mechatronics, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Jérôme Casas
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, UMR 7261, CNRS, Université de Tours, Tours, France
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18
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Bio-Inspired Strategies for Improving the Selectivity and Sensitivity of Artificial Noses: A Review. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20061803. [PMID: 32214038 PMCID: PMC7146165 DOI: 10.3390/s20061803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Artificial noses are broad-spectrum multisensors dedicated to the detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Despite great recent progress, they still suffer from a lack of sensitivity and selectivity. We will review, in a systemic way, the biomimetic strategies for improving these performance criteria, including the design of sensing materials, their immobilization on the sensing surface, the sampling of VOCs, the choice of a transduction method, and the data processing. This reflection could help address new applications in domains where high-performance artificial noses are required such as public security and safety, environment, industry, or healthcare.
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19
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Zhang XQ, Yan Q, Li LL, Xu JW, Mang D, Wang XL, Hoh HH, Ye J, Ju Q, Ma Y, Liang M, Zhang YY, Zhu XY, Zhang F, Dong SL, Zhang YN, Zhang LW. Different binding properties of two general-odorant binding proteins in Athetis lepigone with sex pheromones, host plant volatiles and insecticides. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 164:173-182. [PMID: 32284124 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2020.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Athetis lepigone (Alep) is a polyphagous pest native to Europe and Asia that has experienced major outbreaks in the summer maize area of China since 2011 and has shown evidence of resistance to some insecticides. Insect olfaction is crucial for recognition of sex pheromones, host plant volatiles and even insecticides, in which two general-odorant binding proteins (GOBPs) play important roles. To elucidate the functions of GOBPs in A. lepigone, we first expressed the two AlepGOBP proteins in the E. coli expression system. Then, the results of fluorescence competitive binding assays demonstrated that the high binding affinity of AlepGOBP2 with sex pheromones [(Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate (Z7-12:Ac), Ki = 0.65 μM; (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate (Z9-14:Ac), Ki = 0.83 μM], two maize plant volatiles [Ocimene, Ki = 9.63 μM; (E)-β-Farnesene, Ki = 4.76 μM] and two insecticides (Chlorpyrifos Ki =5.61 μM; Phoxim, Ki = 4.38 μM). However, AlepGOBP1 could only bind Ocimene (Ki = 13.0 μM) and two insecticides (Chlorpyrifos Ki =4.46 μM; Phoxim, Ki = 3.27 μM). These results clearly suggest that AlepGOBP1 and AlepGOBP2 differentiate among odorants and other ligands. The molecular docking results further revealed different key residues involved in the ligand binding of AlepGOBPs. In summary, this study provides a foundation for exploring the olfactory mechanism of A. lepigone and identified two potential target genes for the development of highly effective insecticides in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qing Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pollutant Sensitive Materials and Environmental Remediation, College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Control, School of Forestry & Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Yan
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu-Lu Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pollutant Sensitive Materials and Environmental Remediation, College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - Ji-Wei Xu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pollutant Sensitive Materials and Environmental Remediation, College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - Dingze Mang
- Bioinspired Soft Matter Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Xue-Liang Wang
- Dangshan Plant Protection and Plant Inspection Service Center, Dangshan, China
| | - Hong-Huat Hoh
- Bioinspired Soft Matter Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Jia Ye
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Control, School of Forestry & Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Qian Ju
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu Ma
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pollutant Sensitive Materials and Environmental Remediation, College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - Meng Liang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pollutant Sensitive Materials and Environmental Remediation, College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - Yun-Ying Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pollutant Sensitive Materials and Environmental Remediation, College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - Xiu-Yun Zhu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pollutant Sensitive Materials and Environmental Remediation, College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuang-Lin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ya-Nan Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pollutant Sensitive Materials and Environmental Remediation, College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China.
| | - Long-Wa Zhang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Control, School of Forestry & Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.
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20
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Shiota Y, Sakurai T. Molecular Mechanisms of Sex Pheromone Reception in Moths. INSECT SEX PHEROMONE RESEARCH AND BEYOND 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-3082-1_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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21
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Jing L, Zhaoqun L, Zongxiu L, Xiaoming C, Lei B, Zhaojun X, Chen Z. Comparison of male antennal morphology and sensilla physiology for sex pheromone olfactory sensing between sibling moth species: Ectropis grisescens and Ectropis obliqua (Geometridae). ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 101:e21545. [PMID: 30869176 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ectropis grisescens and Ectropis obliqua (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) are sibling pest species that co-occur on tea plants. The sex pheromone components of both species contain (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-octadecatriene and (Z,Z)-3,9-cis-6,7-epoxy-octadecadiene. E. obliqua has (Z,Z)-3,9-cis-6,7-epoxy-nonadecadiene as an additional sex pheromone component, which ensures reproductive segregation between the two species. To ascertain the detection mechanism of olfactory organs for sex pheromone components of E. grisescens and E. obliqua, we applied scanning electron microscopy and single sensillum recording to compare antennal morphology and sensillum physiology in the two species. There was no apparent morphological difference between the antennae of the two species. Both species responded similarly to all three sex pheromone components, including, E. obliqua specific component. The distribution patterns of antennal sensilla trichodea differed between the two species. Sex pheromone olfactory sensing in these sibling species appears to be determined by the density of different types of olfactory sensing neurons. Dose-dependent responses of sensilla trichodea type 1 to (Z,Z)-3,9-cis-6,7-epoxy-octadecadiene, the most abundant component, showed an "all or none" pattern and the other two components showed sigmoidal dose-response curves with a half threshold of 10-4 (dilution equal to the concentration of 10 μg/μl). These results suggest that the major sex pheromone component functions as an on-off controller while secondary components function as modulators during olfactory transmission to the primary olfactory center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Jing
- Research Center of Agricultural Products Quality Safety, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Xihu District, China
| | - Li Zhaoqun
- Research Center of Agricultural Products Quality Safety, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Xihu District, China
| | - Luo Zongxiu
- Research Center of Agricultural Products Quality Safety, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Xihu District, China
| | - Cai Xiaoming
- Research Center of Agricultural Products Quality Safety, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Xihu District, China
| | - Bian Lei
- Research Center of Agricultural Products Quality Safety, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Xihu District, China
| | - Xin Zhaojun
- Research Center of Agricultural Products Quality Safety, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Xihu District, China
| | - Zongmao Chen
- Research Center of Agricultural Products Quality Safety, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Xihu District, China
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22
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Elgar MA, Zhang D, Wang Q, Wittwer B, Thi Pham H, Johnson TL, Freelance CB, Coquilleau M. Insect Antennal Morphology: The Evolution of Diverse Solutions to Odorant Perception. THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2018; 91:457-469. [PMID: 30588211 PMCID: PMC6302626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Chemical communication involves the production, transmission, and perception of odors. Most adult insects rely on chemical signals and cues to locate food resources, oviposition sites or reproductive partners and, consequently, numerous odors provide a vital source of information. Insects detect these odors with receptors mostly located on the antennae, and the diverse shapes and sizes of these antennae (and sensilla) are both astonishing and puzzling: what selective pressures are responsible for these different solutions to the same problem - to perceive signals and cues? This review describes the selection pressures derived from chemical communication that are responsible for shaping the diversity of insect antennal morphology. In particular, we highlight new technologies and techniques that offer exciting opportunities for addressing this surprisingly neglected and yet crucial component of chemical communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. Elgar
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,To whom all correspondence should be addressed: Mark A. Elgar, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia; FAX: +61 3 8344 7909;
| | - Dong Zhang
- School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Qike Wang
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Hieu Thi Pham
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tamara L. Johnson
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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