1
|
Fromm E, Zinger L, Pellerin F, Di Gesu L, Jacob S, Winandy L, Aguilée R, Parthuisot N, Iribar A, White J, Bestion E, Cote J. Warming effects on lizard gut microbiome depend on habitat connectivity. Proc Biol Sci 2024; 291:20240220. [PMID: 38654642 PMCID: PMC11040258 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2024.0220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Climate warming and landscape fragmentation are both factors well known to threaten biodiversity and to generate species responses and adaptation. However, the impact of warming and fragmentation interplay on organismal responses remains largely under-explored, especially when it comes to gut symbionts, which may play a key role in essential host functions and traits by extending its functional and genetic repertoire. Here, we experimentally examined the combined effects of climate warming and habitat connectivity on the gut bacterial communities of the common lizard (Zootoca vivipara) over three years. While the strength of effects varied over the years, we found that a 2°C warmer climate decreases lizard gut microbiome diversity in isolated habitats. However, enabling connectivity among habitats with warmer and cooler climates offset or even reversed warming effects. The warming effects and the association between host dispersal behaviour and microbiome diversity appear to be a potential driver of this interplay. This study suggests that preserving habitat connectivity will play a key role in mitigating climate change impacts, including the diversity of the gut microbiome, and calls for more studies combining multiple anthropogenic stressors when predicting the persistence of species and communities through global changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Fromm
- Centre de Recherche sur la Biodiversité et l'Environnement (CRBE), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, Toulouse INP, Université Toulouse 3 – Paul Sabatier (UT3), Toulouse, France
| | - Lucie Zinger
- Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), Département de biologie, École normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale, Rua Boaventura da Silva 955, 66055-090, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Félix Pellerin
- Centre de Recherche sur la Biodiversité et l'Environnement (CRBE), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, Toulouse INP, Université Toulouse 3 – Paul Sabatier (UT3), Toulouse, France
| | - Lucie Di Gesu
- Station d'Écologie Théorique et Expérimentale (SETE), UAR2029, CNRS, Moulis, France
| | - Staffan Jacob
- Station d'Écologie Théorique et Expérimentale (SETE), UAR2029, CNRS, Moulis, France
| | - Laurane Winandy
- Centre de Recherche sur la Biodiversité et l'Environnement (CRBE), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, Toulouse INP, Université Toulouse 3 – Paul Sabatier (UT3), Toulouse, France
- High Fens Scientific Station, Freshwater and Oceanic Science Unit of Research (FOCUS), University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Robin Aguilée
- Centre de Recherche sur la Biodiversité et l'Environnement (CRBE), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, Toulouse INP, Université Toulouse 3 – Paul Sabatier (UT3), Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Parthuisot
- Centre de Recherche sur la Biodiversité et l'Environnement (CRBE), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, Toulouse INP, Université Toulouse 3 – Paul Sabatier (UT3), Toulouse, France
| | - Amaia Iribar
- Centre de Recherche sur la Biodiversité et l'Environnement (CRBE), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, Toulouse INP, Université Toulouse 3 – Paul Sabatier (UT3), Toulouse, France
| | - Joël White
- Centre de Recherche sur la Biodiversité et l'Environnement (CRBE), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, Toulouse INP, Université Toulouse 3 – Paul Sabatier (UT3), Toulouse, France
- École Nationale Supérieure de Formation de l'Enseignement Agricole, 2 Route de Narbonne, 31320 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Elvire Bestion
- Station d'Écologie Théorique et Expérimentale (SETE), UAR2029, CNRS, Moulis, France
| | - Julien Cote
- Centre de Recherche sur la Biodiversité et l'Environnement (CRBE), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, Toulouse INP, Université Toulouse 3 – Paul Sabatier (UT3), Toulouse, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hallam J, Harris NC. What's going to be on the menu with global environmental changes? GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:5744-5759. [PMID: 37458101 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Ongoing anthropogenic change is altering the planet at an unprecedented rate, threatening biodiversity, and ecosystem functioning. Species are responding to abiotic pressures at both individual and population levels, with changes affecting trophic interactions through consumptive pathways. Collectively, these impacts alter the goods and services that natural ecosystems will provide to society, as well as the persistence of all species. Here, we describe the physiological and behavioral responses of species to global changes on individual and population levels that result in detectable changes in diet across terrestrial and marine ecosystems. We illustrate shifts in the dynamics of food webs with implications for animal communities. Additionally, we highlight the myriad of tools available for researchers to investigate the dynamics of consumption patterns and trophic interactions, arguing that diet data are a crucial component of ecological studies on global change. We suggest that a holistic approach integrating the complexities of diet choice and trophic interactions with environmental drivers may be more robust at resolving trends in biodiversity, predicting food web responses, and potentially identifying early warning signs of diversity loss. Ultimately, despite the growing body of long-term ecological datasets, there remains a dearth of diet ecology studies across temporal scales, a shortcoming that must be resolved to elucidate vulnerabilities to changing biophysical conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jane Hallam
- Applied Wildlife Ecology Lab, Yale School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Nyeema C Harris
- Applied Wildlife Ecology Lab, Yale School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chabaud C, Brusch GA, Pellerin A, Lourdais O, Le Galliard JF. Prey consumption does not restore hydration state but mitigates the energetic costs of water deprivation in an insectivorous lizard. J Exp Biol 2023; 226:jeb246129. [PMID: 37577990 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.246129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
To cope with limited availability of drinking water in their environment, terrestrial animals have developed numerous behavioral and physiological strategies including maintaining an optimal hydration state through dietary water intake. Recent studies performed in snakes, which are generalist carnivorous reptiles, suggest that the benefits of dietary water intake are negated by hydric costs of digestion. Most lizards are generalist insectivores that can shift their prey types, but firm experimental demonstration of dietary water intake is currently missing in these organisms. Here, we performed an experimental study in the common lizard Zootoca vivipara, a keystone mesopredator from temperate climates exhibiting a great diversity of prey in its mesic habitats, in order to investigate the effects of food consumption and prey type on physiological responses to water deprivation. Our results indicate that common lizards cannot improve their hydration state through prey consumption, irrespective of prey type, suggesting that they are primarily dependent upon drinking water. Yet, high-quality prey consumption reduced the energetic costs of water deprivation, potentially helping lizards to conserve a better body condition during periods of limited water availability. These findings have important implications for understanding the physiological responses of ectotherms to water stress, and highlight the complex interactions between hydration status, energy metabolism and feeding behavior in insectivorous lizards.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Chabaud
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, Université La Rochelle, CNRS, UMR 7372, 405 Route de Prissé la Charrière, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France
- Sorbonne Université, UPEC, UPCité, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris (iEES Paris - UMR 7618), 75005 Paris, France
| | - George A Brusch
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, Université La Rochelle, CNRS, UMR 7372, 405 Route de Prissé la Charrière, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France
- Biological Sciences, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA 92096, USA
| | - Anouk Pellerin
- Sorbonne Université, UPEC, UPCité, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris (iEES Paris - UMR 7618), 75005 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Lourdais
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, Université La Rochelle, CNRS, UMR 7372, 405 Route de Prissé la Charrière, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Jean-François Le Galliard
- Sorbonne Université, UPEC, UPCité, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris (iEES Paris - UMR 7618), 75005 Paris, France
- École normale supérieure, PSL Research University, Département de biologie, CNRS, UMS 3194, Centre de recherche en écologie expérimentale et prédictive (CEREEP-Ecotron IleDeFrance), 78 rue du château, 77140 Saint-Pierre-lès-Nemours, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Prunier JG, Chevalier M, Raffard A, Loot G, Poulet N, Blanchet S. Genetic erosion reduces biomass temporal stability in wild fish populations. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4362. [PMID: 37474616 PMCID: PMC10359329 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40104-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic diversity sustains species adaptation. However, it may also support key ecosystems functions and services, for example biomass production, that can be altered by the worldwide loss of genetic diversity. Despite extensive experimental evidence, there have been few attempts to empirically test whether genetic diversity actually promotes biomass and biomass stability in wild populations. Here, using long-term demographic wild fish data from two large river basins in southwestern France, we demonstrate through causal modeling analyses that populations with high genetic diversity do not reach higher biomasses than populations with low genetic diversity. Nonetheless, populations with high genetic diversity have much more stable biomasses over recent decades than populations having suffered from genetic erosion, which has implications for the provision of ecosystem services and the risk of population extinction. Our results strengthen the importance of adopting prominent environmental policies to conserve this important biodiversity facet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme G Prunier
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS); Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, UAR 2029, F-09200, Moulis, France.
| | - Mathieu Chevalier
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Biophore, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ifremer, DYNECO, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Allan Raffard
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS); Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, UAR 2029, F-09200, Moulis, France
- Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, INRAE, CARRTEL, 74200, Thonon-les-Bains, France
| | - Géraldine Loot
- CNRS, UPS, École Nationale de Formation Agronomique (ENFA), UMR 5174 EDB (Laboratoire Évolution & Diversité Biologique), 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062, Toulouse, cedex, 4, France
| | - Nicolas Poulet
- Pôle écohydraulique AFB-IMT, allée du Pr Camille Soula, 31400, Toulouse, France
| | - Simon Blanchet
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS); Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, UAR 2029, F-09200, Moulis, France.
- CNRS, UPS, École Nationale de Formation Agronomique (ENFA), UMR 5174 EDB (Laboratoire Évolution & Diversité Biologique), 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062, Toulouse, cedex, 4, France.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pellerin F, Bestion E, Winandy L, Di Gesu L, Richard M, Aguilée R, Cote J. Connectivity among thermal habitats buffers the effects of warm climate on life-history traits and population dynamics. J Anim Ecol 2022; 91:2301-2313. [PMID: 36131637 PMCID: PMC9828496 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Contemporary climate change affects population dynamics, but its influence varies with landscape structure. It is still unclear whether landscape fragmentation buffers or amplifies the effects of climate on population size and the age and body size of individuals composing these populations. This study aims to investigate the impacts of warm climates on lizard life-history traits and population dynamics in habitats that vary in their connectivity. We monitored common lizard Zootoca vivipara populations for 3 years in an experimental system in which both climatic conditions and connectivity among habitats were simultaneously manipulated. We considered two climatic treatments (i.e. present-day climate and warm climate [+1.4°C than present-day climate]) and two connectivity treatments (i.e. a connected treatment in which individuals could move from one climate to the other and an isolated treatment in which movement between climates was not possible). We monitored survival, reproduction, growth, dispersal, age and body size of each individual in the system as well as population density through time. We found that the influence of warm climates on life-history traits and population dynamics depended on connectivity among thermal habitats. Populations in warm climates were (i) composed of younger individuals only when isolated; (ii) larger in population size only in connected habitats and (iii) composed of larger age-specific individuals independently of the landscape configuration. The connectivity among habitats altered population responses to climate warming likely through asymmetries in the flow and phenotype of dispersers between thermal habitats. Our results demonstrate that landscape fragmentation can drastically change the dynamics and persistence of populations facing climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Félix Pellerin
- Laboratoire Évolution and Diversité Biologique (EDB), UMR5174, CNRS, IRDUniversité Toulouse III Paul SabatierToulouseFrance,Institute of Marine Ecosystem and Fishery Science (IMF), Center of Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN)University of HamburgHamburgGermany
| | - Elvire Bestion
- Station d'Écologie Théorique et Expérimentale (SETE), UAR2029, CNRSMoulisFrance
| | - Laurane Winandy
- Laboratoire Évolution and Diversité Biologique (EDB), UMR5174, CNRS, IRDUniversité Toulouse III Paul SabatierToulouseFrance,Station d'Écologie Théorique et Expérimentale (SETE), UAR2029, CNRSMoulisFrance
| | - Lucie Di Gesu
- Laboratoire Évolution and Diversité Biologique (EDB), UMR5174, CNRS, IRDUniversité Toulouse III Paul SabatierToulouseFrance
| | - Murielle Richard
- Station d'Écologie Théorique et Expérimentale (SETE), UAR2029, CNRSMoulisFrance
| | - Robin Aguilée
- Laboratoire Évolution and Diversité Biologique (EDB), UMR5174, CNRS, IRDUniversité Toulouse III Paul SabatierToulouseFrance
| | - Julien Cote
- Laboratoire Évolution and Diversité Biologique (EDB), UMR5174, CNRS, IRDUniversité Toulouse III Paul SabatierToulouseFrance
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Balzani P, Haubrock PJ. Expanding the invasion toolbox: including stable isotope analysis in risk assessment. NEOBIOTA 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.76.77944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Species introductions are a major concern for ecosystem functioning, socio-economic wealth, and human well-being. Preventing introductions proved to be the most effective management strategy, and various tools such as species distribution models and risk assessment protocols have been developed or applied to this purpose. These approaches use information on a species to predict its potential invasiveness and impact in the case of its introduction into a new area. At the same time, much biodiversity has been lost due to multiple drivers. Ways to determine the potential for successful reintroductions of once native but now extinct species as well as assisted migrations are yet missing. Stable isotope analyses are commonly used to reconstruct a species’ feeding ecology and trophic interactions within communities. Recently, this method has been used to predict potentially arising trophic interactions in the absence of the target species. Here we propose the implementation of stable isotope analysis as an approach for assessment schemes to increase the accuracy in predicting invader impacts as well as the success of reintroductions and assisted migrations. We review and discuss possibilities and limitations of this methods usage, suggesting promising and useful applications for scientists and managers.
Collapse
|
7
|
Bestion E, Teyssier A, Rangassamy M, Calvez O, Guillaume O, Richard M, Braem A, Zajitschek F, Zajitschek S, Cote J. Adaptive maternal effects shape offspring phenotype and survival in natal environments. Am Nat 2022; 200:773-789. [DOI: 10.1086/721873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
8
|
Meehan ML, Turnbull KF, Sinclair BJ, Lindo Z. Predators minimize energy costs, rather than maximize energy gains under warming: Evidence from a microcosm feeding experiment. Funct Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L. Meehan
- Department of Biology Western University 1151 Richmond Street, N6A 3K7 London Ontario Canada
| | - Kurtis F. Turnbull
- Department of Biology Western University 1151 Richmond Street, N6A 3K7 London Ontario Canada
| | - Brent J. Sinclair
- Department of Biology Western University 1151 Richmond Street, N6A 3K7 London Ontario Canada
| | - Zoë Lindo
- Department of Biology Western University 1151 Richmond Street, N6A 3K7 London Ontario Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sturbois A, Cucherousset J, De Cáceres M, Desroy N, Riera P, Carpentier A, Quillien N, Grall J, Espinasse B, Cherel Y, Schaal G. Stable Isotope Trajectory Analysis (
SITA
): A new approach to quantify and visualize dynamics in stable isotope studies. ECOL MONOGR 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Sturbois
- Vivarmor Nature, 18 C rue du Sabot Ploufragan France
- Réserve naturelle nationale de la Baie de Saint‐Brieuc, site de l'étoile, 22120 Hillion France
- Ifremer, Laboratoire Environnement et Ressources Bretagne nord, 38 rue du Port Blanc Dinard France
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/IFREMER BP 70, 29280 Plouzané France
| | - J. Cucherousset
- UMR 5174 EDB (Laboratoire Évolution & Diversité Biologique), CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, IRD, 118 route de Narbonne Toulouse France
| | | | - N. Desroy
- Ifremer, Laboratoire Environnement et Ressources Bretagne nord, 38 rue du Port Blanc Dinard France
| | - P. Riera
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Station Biologique de Roscoff, UMR7144, Place Georges Teissier CS90074, 29688, Roscoff Cedex France
| | - A. Carpentier
- Université de Rennes 1, BOREA, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Université, Université de Caen Normandie, Université des Antilles, Campus de Beaulieu Rennes France
| | - N. Quillien
- France Energies Marines, 525 Avenue Alexis de Rochon Plouzané France
| | - J. Grall
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/IFREMER BP 70, 29280 Plouzané France
| | - B. Espinasse
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology UiT The Arctic University of Norway Tromsø Norway
| | - Y. Cherel
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UMR 7372 du CNRS‐La Rochelle Université Villiers‐en‐Bois France
| | - G. Schaal
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/IFREMER BP 70, 29280 Plouzané France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gabor CR, Kivlin SN, Hua J, Bickford N, Reiskind MOB, Wright TF. Understanding Organismal Capacity to Respond to Anthropogenic Change: Barriers and Solutions. Integr Comp Biol 2021; 61:2132-2144. [PMID: 34279616 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icab162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Global environmental changes induced by human activities are forcing organisms to respond at an unprecedented pace. At present we have only a limited understanding of why some species possess the capacity to respond to these changes while others do not. We introduce the concept of multidimensional phenospace as an organizing construct to understanding organismal evolutionary responses to environmental change. We then describe five barriers that currently challenge our ability to understand these responses: 1) Understanding the parameters of environmental change and their fitness effects, 2) Mapping and integrating phenotypic and genotypic variation, 3) Understanding whether changes in phenospace are heritable, 4) Predicting consistency of genotype to phenotype patterns across space and time, and 5) Determining which traits should be prioritized to understand organismal response to environmental change. For each we suggest one or more solutions that would help us surmount the barrier and improve our ability to predict, and eventually manipulate, organismal capacity to respond to anthropogenic change. Additionally, we provide examples of target species that could be useful to examine interactions between phenotypic plasticity and adaptive evolution in changing phenospace.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin R Gabor
- Department of Biology, Population and Conservation Biology Group, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA.,The Xiphophorus Genetic Stock Center, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA
| | - Stephanie N Kivlin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Jessica Hua
- Biological Sciences Department, Binghamton University (SUNY), Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Nate Bickford
- Biology Department, Colorado State University Pueblo, Pueblo, CO 81003, USA
| | | | - Timothy F Wright
- Biology Department, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Fontaine SS, Kohl KD. Gut microbiota of invasive bullfrog tadpoles responds more rapidly to temperature than a noninvasive congener. Mol Ecol 2020; 29:2449-2462. [PMID: 32463954 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Environmental temperature can alter the composition, diversity, and function of ectothermic vertebrate gut microbial communities, which may result in negative consequences for host physiology, or conversely, increase phenotypic plasticity and persistence in harsh conditions. The magnitude of either of these effects will depend on the length of time animals are exposed to extreme temperatures, and how quickly the composition and function of the gut microbiota can respond to temperature change. However, the temporal effects of temperature on gut microbiota are currently unknown. Here, we investigated the length of time required for increased temperature to alter the composition of gut bacterial communities in tadpoles of two frog species, the green frog, Lithobates clamitans, and its congener, the globally invasive American bullfrog, L. catesbeianus. We also explored the potential functional consequences of these changes by comparing predicted metagenomic profiles across temperature treatments at the last experimental time point. Bullfrog-associated microbial communities were more plastic than those of the green frog. Specifically, bullfrog communities were altered by increased temperature within hours, while green frog communities took multiple days to exhibit significant changes. Further, over ten times more bullfrog bacterial functional pathways were temperature-dependent compared to the green frog. These results support our hypothesis that bullfrog gut microbial communities would respond more rapidly to temperature change, potentially bolstering their ability to exploit novel environments. More broadly, we have revealed that even short-term increases in environmental temperature, expected to occur frequently under global climate change, can alter the gut microbiota of ectothermic vertebrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha S Fontaine
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kevin D Kohl
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bestion E, Soriano-Redondo A, Cucherousset J, Jacob S, White J, Zinger L, Fourtune L, Di Gesu L, Teyssier A, Cote J. Altered trophic interactions in warming climates: consequences for predator diet breadth and fitness. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20192227. [PMID: 31662087 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.2227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Species interactions are central in predicting the impairment of biodiversity with climate change. Trophic interactions may be altered through climate-dependent changes in either predator food preferences or prey communities. Yet, climate change impacts on predator diet remain surprisingly poorly understood. We experimentally studied the consequences of 2°C warmer climatic conditions on the trophic niche of a generalist lizard predator. We used a system of semi-natural mesocosms housing a variety of invertebrate species and in which climatic conditions were manipulated. Lizards in warmer climatic conditions ate at a greater predatory to phytophagous invertebrate ratio and had smaller individual dietary breadths. These shifts mainly arose from direct impacts of climate on lizard diets rather than from changes in prey communities. Dietary changes were associated with negative changes in fitness-related traits (body condition, gut microbiota) and survival. We demonstrate that climate change alters trophic interactions through top-predator dietary shifts, which might disrupt eco-evolutionary dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elvire Bestion
- CNRS, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, UMR 5321, Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, 09200 Moulis, France.,Environmental and Sustainability Institute, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Andrea Soriano-Redondo
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9EZ, UK
| | - Julien Cucherousset
- CNRS, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, ENSFEA, IRD; UMR5174, Laboratoire Évolution & Diversité Biologique, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Staffan Jacob
- CNRS, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, UMR 5321, Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, 09200 Moulis, France
| | - Joël White
- CNRS, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, ENSFEA, IRD; UMR5174, Laboratoire Évolution & Diversité Biologique, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Lucie Zinger
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure, École Normale Superieure, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, CNRS UMR 8197, INSERM U1024, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Lisa Fourtune
- CNRS, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, UMR 5321, Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, 09200 Moulis, France
| | - Lucie Di Gesu
- CNRS, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, ENSFEA, IRD; UMR5174, Laboratoire Évolution & Diversité Biologique, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Aimeric Teyssier
- CNRS, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, ENSFEA, IRD; UMR5174, Laboratoire Évolution & Diversité Biologique, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France.,Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K. L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Julien Cote
- CNRS, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, ENSFEA, IRD; UMR5174, Laboratoire Évolution & Diversité Biologique, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
| |
Collapse
|