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He H, Li Y, Peng K, Zhang Y, Rutter RP, Jyväsjärvi J, Hämäläinen H, Kelly D, Chase JM, Ntislidou C, Loskutova O, Alcocer J, Jovem-Azevêdo D, Molozzi J, Wang J, Zhang M, Li K, Liu Z, Johansson LS, Søndergaard M, Cai Y, Wang H, Jeppesen E. Climate-associated variation in the drivers of benthic macroinvertebrate species-area relationships across shallow freshwater lakes. J Anim Ecol 2024; 93:57-70. [PMID: 37975479 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.14028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The island species-area relationship (ISAR) describes how species richness increases with increasing area of a given island or island-like habitat, such as freshwater lakes. While the ISAR is one of the most common phenomena observed in ecology, there is variation in both the form of the relationship and its underlying mechanisms. We compiled a global data set of benthic macroinvertebrates from 524 shallow freshwater lakes, ranging from 1 to 293,300 ha in area. We used individual-based rarefaction to determine the degree to which ISAR was influenced by mechanisms other than passive sampling (larger islands passively sample more individuals from the regional pool and, therefore, have more species than smaller islands), which would bias results away from expected relationships between rarefied species richness (and other measures that capture relative abundances) and lake area. We also examined how climate may alter the shape of the ISARs. We found that both rarefied species richness (the number of species standardized by area or number of individuals) and a measure of evenness emphasizing common species exhibit shallow slopes in relationships with lake area, suggesting that the expected ISARs in these lakes most likely result from passive sampling. While there was considerable variation among ISARs across the investigated lakes, we found an overall positive rarefied ISAR for lakes in warm (i.e. tropical/subtropical) regions (n = 195), and in contrast, an overall negative rarefied ISAR in cool (i.e. north temperate) lakes (n = 329). This suggested that mechanisms beyond passive sampling (e.g. colonization-extinction dynamics and/or heterogeneity) were more likely to operate in warm lakes. One possible reason for this difference is that the area-dependent intensity of fish predation, which can lead to flatter ISARs, is weaker in warmer relative to cooler lakes. Our study illustrates the importance of understanding both the pattern and potential processes underlying the ISARs of freshwater lakes in different climatic regions. Furthermore, it provides a baseline for understanding how further changes to the ecosystem (i.e. in lake area or climate) might influence biodiversity patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu He
- Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou, China
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Peng
- Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - You Zhang
- Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Robert P Rutter
- Macroinvertebrate Identification Services, Port Charlotte, Florida, USA
| | - Jussi Jyväsjärvi
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Heikki Hämäläinen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | | | - Jonathan M Chase
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Computer Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Chrysoula Ntislidou
- Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Olga Loskutova
- Komi Scientific Center, Institute of Biology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russian Federation
| | - Javier Alcocer
- Grupo de Investigación en Limnología Tropical, FES Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | | | - Joseline Molozzi
- Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Jianjun Wang
- Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Kuanyi Li
- Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengwen Liu
- Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Ecology and Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liselotte S Johansson
- Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Martin Søndergaard
- Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Yongjiu Cai
- Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Haijun Wang
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Erik Jeppesen
- Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Limnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Ecosystem Research and Implementation, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Türkiye
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Obrist DS, Fitzpatrick OT, Brown NEM, Hanly PJ, Nijland W, Reshitnyk LY, Wickham SB, Darimont CT, Reynolds JD, Starzomski BM. Scale-dependent effects of marine subsidies on the island biogeographic patterns of plants. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9270. [PMID: 36177118 PMCID: PMC9461347 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Although species richness can be determined by different mechanisms at different spatial scales, the role of scale in the effects of marine inputs on island biogeography has not been studied explicitly. Here, we evaluated the potential influence of island characteristics and marine inputs (seaweed wrack biomass and marine‐derived nitrogen in the soil) on plant species richness at both a local (plot) and regional (island) scale on 92 islands in British Columbia, Canada. We found that the effects of subsidies on species richness depend strongly on spatial scale. Despite detecting no effects of marine subsidies at the island scale, we found that as plot level subsidies increased, species richness decreased; plots with more marine‐derived nitrogen in the soil hosted fewer plant species. We found no effect of seaweed wrack at either scale. To identify potential mechanisms underlying the decrease in diversity, we fit a spatially explicit joint species distribution model to evaluate species level responses to marine subsidies and effects of biotic interactions among species. We found mixed evidence for competition for both light and nutrients, and cannot rule out an alternative mechanism; the observed decrease in species richness may be due to disturbances associated with animal‐mediated nutrient deposits, particularly those from North American river otters (Lontra canadensis). By evaluating the scale‐dependent effects of marine subsidies on island biogeographic patterns of plants and revealing likely mechanisms that act on community composition, we provide novel insights on the scale dependence of a fundamental ecological theory, and on the rarely examined links between marine and terrestrial ecosystems often bridged by animal vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora S Obrist
- Earth to Ocean Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences Simon Fraser University Burnaby British Columbia Canada.,Hakai Institute Heriot Bay British Columbia Canada
| | - Owen T Fitzpatrick
- Hakai Institute Heriot Bay British Columbia Canada.,School of Environmental Studies University of Victoria Victoria British Columbia Canada
| | - Norah E M Brown
- Hakai Institute Heriot Bay British Columbia Canada.,School of Environmental Studies University of Victoria Victoria British Columbia Canada
| | - Patrick J Hanly
- Earth to Ocean Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences Simon Fraser University Burnaby British Columbia Canada.,Hakai Institute Heriot Bay British Columbia Canada.,Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA
| | - Wiebe Nijland
- Hakai Institute Heriot Bay British Columbia Canada.,School of Environmental Studies University of Victoria Victoria British Columbia Canada.,Department of Physical Geography Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | | | - Sara B Wickham
- Hakai Institute Heriot Bay British Columbia Canada.,School of Environmental Studies University of Victoria Victoria British Columbia Canada
| | - Chris T Darimont
- Hakai Institute Heriot Bay British Columbia Canada.,Department of Geography University of Victoria Victoria British Columbia Canada.,Raincoast Conservation Foundation Sidney British Columbia Canada
| | - John D Reynolds
- Earth to Ocean Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences Simon Fraser University Burnaby British Columbia Canada.,Hakai Institute Heriot Bay British Columbia Canada
| | - Brian M Starzomski
- Hakai Institute Heriot Bay British Columbia Canada.,School of Environmental Studies University of Victoria Victoria British Columbia Canada
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3
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Obrist DS, Hanly PJ, Brown NEM, Ernst CM, Wickham SB, Fitzpatrick OT, Kennedy JC, Nijland W, Reshitnyk LY, Darimont CT, Starzomski BM, Reynolds JD. Biogeographic features mediate marine subsidies to island food webs. Ecosphere 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Debora S. Obrist
- Earth to Ocean Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences Simon Fraser University Burnaby British Columbia Canada
- Hakai Institute Heriot Bay British Columbia Canada
| | - Patrick J. Hanly
- Earth to Ocean Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences Simon Fraser University Burnaby British Columbia Canada
- Hakai Institute Heriot Bay British Columbia Canada
| | - Norah E. M. Brown
- Hakai Institute Heriot Bay British Columbia Canada
- School of Environmental Studies University of Victoria Victoria British Columbia Canada
| | - Christopher M. Ernst
- Earth to Ocean Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences Simon Fraser University Burnaby British Columbia Canada
- Hakai Institute Heriot Bay British Columbia Canada
| | - Sara B. Wickham
- Hakai Institute Heriot Bay British Columbia Canada
- School of Environmental Studies University of Victoria Victoria British Columbia Canada
| | - Owen T. Fitzpatrick
- Hakai Institute Heriot Bay British Columbia Canada
- School of Environmental Studies University of Victoria Victoria British Columbia Canada
| | - Jeremiah C. Kennedy
- Earth to Ocean Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences Simon Fraser University Burnaby British Columbia Canada
- Hakai Institute Heriot Bay British Columbia Canada
| | - Wiebe Nijland
- Hakai Institute Heriot Bay British Columbia Canada
- School of Environmental Studies University of Victoria Victoria British Columbia Canada
- Department of Physical Geography Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | | | - Chris T. Darimont
- Hakai Institute Heriot Bay British Columbia Canada
- Department of Geography University of Victoria Victoria British Columbia Canada
- Raincoast Conservation Foundation Sidney British Columbia Canada
| | - Brian M. Starzomski
- Hakai Institute Heriot Bay British Columbia Canada
- School of Environmental Studies University of Victoria Victoria British Columbia Canada
| | - John D. Reynolds
- Earth to Ocean Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences Simon Fraser University Burnaby British Columbia Canada
- Hakai Institute Heriot Bay British Columbia Canada
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Benkwitt CE, Carr P, Wilson SK, Graham NAJ. Seabird diversity and biomass enhance cross-ecosystem nutrient subsidies. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20220195. [PMID: 35538790 PMCID: PMC9091852 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.0195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mobile consumers are key vectors of cross-ecosystem nutrients, yet have experienced population declines which threaten their ability to fill this role. Despite their importance and vulnerability, there is little information on how consumer biodiversity, in addition to biomass, influences the magnitude of nutrient subsidies. Here, we show that both biomass and diversity of seabirds enhanced the provisioning of nutrients across tropical islands and coral reefs, but their relative influence varied across systems. Seabird biomass was particularly important for terrestrial and near-shore subsidies and enhancing fish biomass, while seabird diversity was associated with nutrient subsidies further offshore. The positive effects of diversity were likely driven by high functional complementarity among seabird species in traits related to nutrient storage and provisioning. However, introduced rats and non-native vegetation reduced seabird biomass and diversity, with rats having a stronger effect on biomass and vegetation having a stronger effect on diversity. Accordingly, the restoration of cross-ecosystem nutrient flows provided by seabirds will likely be most successful when both stressors are removed, thus protecting both high biomass and diversity. Recognizing the importance of mobile consumer diversity and biomass, and their underlying drivers, is a necessary step to conserving these species and the ecosystem functions they provide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Carr
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Outer Circle, Regent's Park, London NW1 4RY, UK,Chagos Conservation Trust, 23 The Avenue, Sandy, Beds SG19 1ER, UK
| | - Shaun K. Wilson
- Marine Science Program, Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Attractions, Kensington, Western Australia, Australia,Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Crawly, Western Australia, Australia
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5
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Davidson KH, Starzomski BM, El‐Sabaawi R, Hocking MD, Reynolds JD, Wickham SB, Darimont CT. Marine subsidy promotes spatial and dietary niche variation in an omnivore, the Keen's mouse ( Peromyscus keeni). Ecol Evol 2021; 11:17700-17722. [PMID: 35003633 PMCID: PMC8717356 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine-derived resource subsidies can generate intrapopulation variation in the behaviors and diets of terrestrial consumers. How omnivores respond, given their multiple trophic interactions, is not well understood. We sampled mice (Peromyscus keeni) and their food sources at five sites on three islands of the Central Coast of British Columbia, Canada, to test predictions regarding variation in the spatial behavior and consumption of marine-subsidized foods among individuals. About 50% of detections (n = 27 recaptures) occurred at traps closest to shoreline (25 m), with capture frequencies declining significantly inland (up to 200 m). Stable isotope signatures (δ 13C and δ 15N), particularly δ 15N, in plant foods, forest arthropod prey, and mouse feces were significantly enriched near shorelines compared with inland, while δ 13C patterns were more variable. Bayesian isotope mixing models applied to isotope values in mouse hair indicated that over one-third (35-37%) of diet was comprised of beach-dwelling arthropods, a marine-derived food source. Males were more abundant near the shoreline than females and consumed more marine-derived prey, regardless of reproductive status or availability of other food sources. Our results identify how multiple pathways of marine nutrient transfer can subsidize terrestrial omnivores and how subsets of recipient populations can show variation in spatial and dietary response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie H. Davidson
- Department of GeographyUniversity of VictoriaVictoriaBritish ColumbiaCanada
- Hakai InstituteHeriot BayBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Brian M. Starzomski
- Hakai InstituteHeriot BayBritish ColumbiaCanada
- School of Environmental StudiesUniversity of VictoriaVictoriaBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Rana El‐Sabaawi
- Department of BiologyUniversity of VictoriaVictoriaBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Morgan D. Hocking
- School of Environmental StudiesUniversity of VictoriaVictoriaBritish ColumbiaCanada
- Ecofish Research Ltd.VictoriaBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - John D. Reynolds
- Hakai InstituteHeriot BayBritish ColumbiaCanada
- Department of Biological SciencesSimon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Sara B. Wickham
- Hakai InstituteHeriot BayBritish ColumbiaCanada
- School of Environmental StudiesUniversity of VictoriaVictoriaBritish ColumbiaCanada
- Present address:
School of Environment, Resources and SustainabilityUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooOntarioCanada
| | - Chris T. Darimont
- Department of GeographyUniversity of VictoriaVictoriaBritish ColumbiaCanada
- Hakai InstituteHeriot BayBritish ColumbiaCanada
- Raincoast Conservation FoundationSidneyBritish ColumbiaCanada
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6
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Hoffman KM, Starzomski BM, Lertzman KP, Giesbrecht IJW, Trant AJ. Old‐growth forest structure in a low‐productivity hypermaritime rainforest in coastal British Columbia, Canada. Ecosphere 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kira M. Hoffman
- Hakai Institute P.O. Box 309 Heriot Bay British ColumbiaV0P 1H0Canada
- School of Environmental Studies University of Victoria 3800 Finnerty Road Victoria British ColumbiaV8P 5C2Canada
- Bulkley Valley Research Centre P.O. Box 4274 Smithers British ColumbiaV0J 2N0Canada
- School of Environment, Resources and Sustainability University of Waterloo 200 University Avenue West Waterloo OntarioN2L 3G1Canada
| | - Brian M. Starzomski
- Hakai Institute P.O. Box 309 Heriot Bay British ColumbiaV0P 1H0Canada
- School of Environmental Studies University of Victoria 3800 Finnerty Road Victoria British ColumbiaV8P 5C2Canada
| | - Ken P. Lertzman
- Hakai Institute P.O. Box 309 Heriot Bay British ColumbiaV0P 1H0Canada
- School of Resource and Environmental Management Simon Fraser University 8888 University Drive Burnaby British ColumbiaV5A 1S6Canada
| | - Ian J. W. Giesbrecht
- Hakai Institute P.O. Box 309 Heriot Bay British ColumbiaV0P 1H0Canada
- School of Resource and Environmental Management Simon Fraser University 8888 University Drive Burnaby British ColumbiaV5A 1S6Canada
| | - Andrew J. Trant
- Hakai Institute P.O. Box 309 Heriot Bay British ColumbiaV0P 1H0Canada
- School of Environmental Studies University of Victoria 3800 Finnerty Road Victoria British ColumbiaV8P 5C2Canada
- School of Environment, Resources and Sustainability University of Waterloo 200 University Avenue West Waterloo OntarioN2L 3G1Canada
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