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Sánchez CA, Phelps KL, Frank HK, Geldenhuys M, Griffiths ME, Jones DN, Kettenburg G, Lunn TJ, Moreno KR, Mortlock M, Vicente-Santos A, Víquez-R LR, Kading RC, Markotter W, Reeder DM, Olival KJ. Advances in understanding bat infection dynamics across biological scales. Proc Biol Sci 2024; 291:20232823. [PMID: 38444339 PMCID: PMC10915549 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.2823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, research on bat-associated microbes such as viruses, bacteria and fungi has dramatically increased. Here, we synthesize themes from a conference symposium focused on advances in the research of bats and their microbes, including physiological, immunological, ecological and epidemiological research that has improved our understanding of bat infection dynamics at multiple biological scales. We first present metrics for measuring individual bat responses to infection and challenges associated with using these metrics. We next discuss infection dynamics within bat populations of the same species, before introducing complexities that arise in multi-species communities of bats, humans and/or livestock. Finally, we outline critical gaps and opportunities for future interdisciplinary work on topics involving bats and their microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hannah K. Frank
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Marike Geldenhuys
- Centre for Viral Zoonoses, Department of Medical Virology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - Devin N. Jones
- Department of Microbiology & Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | | | - Tamika J. Lunn
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Center for the Ecology of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Kelsey R. Moreno
- Department of Psychology, Saint Xavier University, Chicago, IL 60655, USA
| | - Marinda Mortlock
- Centre for Viral Zoonoses, Department of Medical Virology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - Luis R. Víquez-R
- Department of Biology, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA 17837, USA
| | - Rebekah C. Kading
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Center for Vector-borne and Infectious Diseases, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Wanda Markotter
- Centre for Viral Zoonoses, Department of Medical Virology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - DeeAnn M. Reeder
- Department of Biology, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA 17837, USA
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2
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Ortega-Sánchez R, Bárcenas-Reyes I, Luna-Cozar J, Rojas-Anaya E, Cuador-Gil JQ, Cantó-Alarcón GJ, Veyna-Salazar N, González-Ruiz S, Milián-Suazo F. Spatial-temporal risk factors in the occurrence of rabies in Mexico. GEOSPATIAL HEALTH 2024; 19. [PMID: 38288726 DOI: 10.4081/gh.2024.1245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Rabies is a zoonotic disease that affects livestock worldwide. The distribution of rabies is highly correlated with the distribution of the vampire bat Desmodus rotundus, the main vector of the disease. In this study, climatic, topographic, livestock population, vampire distribution and urban and rural zones were used to estimate the risk for presentation of cases of rabies in Mexico by co- Kriging interpolation. The highest risk for the presentation of cases is in the endemic areas of the disease, i.e. the States of Yucatán, Chiapas, Campeche, Quintana Roo, Tabasco, Veracruz, San Luis Potosí, Nayarit and Baja California Sur. A transition zone for cases was identified across northern Mexico, involving the States of Sonora, Sinaloa, Chihuahua, and Durango. The variables topography, vampire distribution, bovine population and rural zones are the most important to explain the risk of cases in livestock. This study provides robust estimates of risk and spread of rabies based on geostatistical methods. The information presented should be useful for authorities responsible of public and animal health when they plan and establish strategies preventing the spread of rabies into rabies-free regions of México.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyna Ortega-Sánchez
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Autonomous University of Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico; PhD Program in Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Autonomous University of Querétaro, Querétaro.
| | | | - Jesús Luna-Cozar
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Autonomous University of Querétaro, Querétaro.
| | - Edith Rojas-Anaya
- National Center for Genetic Resources, National Institute of Forestry, Agricultural and Livestock Research, Jalisco.
| | - José Quintín Cuador-Gil
- Department of Physics, "Hermanos Saíz Montes de Oca" University of Pinar del Rio, Pinar del Río.
| | | | - Nerina Veyna-Salazar
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Autonomous University of Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico; PhD Program in Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Autonomous University of Querétaro, Querétaro.
| | - Sara González-Ruiz
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Autonomous University of Querétaro, Querétaro.
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3
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Grostieta E, Miranda-Caballero CI, Sánchez-Montes S, Colunga-Salas P, González CAL, Valderas-Muñoz KD, Arciniega-Luna G, Aguilar-Tipacamú G. DNA barcoding and new records of Ornithodoros yumatensis from Central Mexico. Vet Res Commun 2023; 47:2339-2350. [PMID: 37422609 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10164-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Bats represent the second order of mammals with the highest number of species worldwide with over 1,616 species, and almost 10% of them are recorded in Mexico. These mammals have a great diversity of ectoparasites, in particular soft ticks of the genus Ornithodoros. Desmodus rotundus is one of the bat species that has scarcely been studied in terms of tick species richness in Mexico, with three tick species reported in five of the 32 Mexican states. For this reason, the aim of the present work was to identify ticks associated with D. rotundus from Central Mexico. Fieldwork was undertaken in the municipality El Marqués, Ejido Atongo A, Querétaro, Mexico. Bats were captured using mist nets and were visually inspected for tick presence. The ectoparasites were identified morphologically and molecularly with the use of mitochondrial markers 16SrDNA and cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI). A total of 30 D. rotundus (1 female, 29 males) were captured, from which 20 larvae identified as Ornithodoros yumatensis were recovered. Molecular analysis confirmed the presence of this species with identity values of 99-100% with sequences of this species from the southwestern US, and the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico. This is the first report of ticks associated with bats for the state of Querétaro, providing the first sequences of the COI gene from Mexican populations of O. yumatensis and shows an increase in the distribution of this soft tick across Central Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefania Grostieta
- Centro de Medicina Tropical, Facultad de Medicina, Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - Carlos I Miranda-Caballero
- Centro de Medicina Tropical, Facultad de Medicina, Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - Sokani Sánchez-Montes
- Centro de Medicina Tropical, Facultad de Medicina, Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, México
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Y Agropecuarias, Universidad Veracruzana, Tuxpan, Veracruz, México
| | - Pablo Colunga-Salas
- Centro de Medicina Tropical, Facultad de Medicina, Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, México
- Instituto de Biotecnología Y Ecología Aplicada, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - Carlos A López González
- C.A. Ecología Y Diversidad Faunística, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro, México
| | - Kelly D Valderas-Muñoz
- Licenciatura en Medicina Veterinaria Y Zootecnia, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro, México
| | - Gustavo Arciniega-Luna
- Licenciatura en Medicina Veterinaria Y Zootecnia, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro, México
| | - Gabriela Aguilar-Tipacamú
- C.A. Ecología Y Diversidad Faunística, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro, México.
- Licenciatura en Medicina Veterinaria Y Zootecnia, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro, México.
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4
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Viana M, Benavides JA, Broos A, Ibañez Loayza D, Niño R, Bone J, da Silva Filipe A, Orton R, Valderrama Bazan W, Matthiopoulos J, Streicker DG. Effects of culling vampire bats on the spatial spread and spillover of rabies virus. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadd7437. [PMID: 36897949 PMCID: PMC10005164 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add7437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Controlling pathogen circulation in wildlife reservoirs is notoriously challenging. In Latin America, vampire bats have been culled for decades in hopes of mitigating lethal rabies infections in humans and livestock. Whether culls reduce or exacerbate rabies transmission remains controversial. Using Bayesian state-space models, we show that a 2-year, spatially extensive bat cull in an area of exceptional rabies incidence in Peru failed to reduce spillover to livestock, despite reducing bat population density. Viral whole genome sequencing and phylogeographic analyses further demonstrated that culling before virus arrival slowed viral spatial spread, but reactive culling accelerated spread, suggesting that culling-induced changes in bat dispersal promoted viral invasions. Our findings question the core assumptions of density-dependent transmission and localized viral maintenance that underlie culling bats as a rabies prevention strategy and provide an epidemiological and evolutionary framework to understand the outcomes of interventions in complex wildlife disease systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda Viana
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Julio A. Benavides
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
- MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Doctorado en Medicina de la Conservación y Centro de Investigación para la Sustentabilidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, República 440 Santiago, Chile
| | - Alice Broos
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | | | - Ruby Niño
- Colegio Médico Veterinario de Apurímac, Abancay, Perú
| | - Jordan Bone
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | | | - Richard Orton
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - William Valderrama Bazan
- ILLARIY (Asociación para el Desarrollo y Conservación de los Recursos Naturales), Lima, Perú
- Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Jason Matthiopoulos
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Daniel G. Streicker
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
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