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Cardoso RMF, Esteves da Silva JCG, Pinto da Silva L. Application of Engineered Nanomaterials as Nanocatalysts in Catalytic Ozonation: A Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:3185. [PMID: 38998267 PMCID: PMC11242483 DOI: 10.3390/ma17133185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Given the growing scarcity of water and the continuous increase in emerging pollutants detected in water bodies, there is an imperative need to develop new, more effective, and sustainable treatments for wastewater. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are considered a competitive technology for water treatment. Specifically, ozonation has received notable attention as a promising approach for degrading organic pollutants in wastewater. However, different groups of pollutants are hardly degradable via single ozonation. With continuous development, it has been shown that using engineered nanomaterials as nanocatalysts in catalytic ozonation can increase efficiency by turning this process into a low-selective AOP for pollutant degradation. Nanocatalysts promote ozone decomposition and form active free radicals responsible for increasing the degradation and mineralization of pollutants. This work reviews the performances of different nanomaterials as homogeneous and heterogeneous nanocatalysts in catalytic ozonation. This review focuses on applying metal- and carbon-based engineered nanomaterials as nanocatalysts in catalytic ozonation and on identifying the main future directions for using this type of AOP toward wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita M F Cardoso
- Chemistry Research Unit (CIQUP), Institute of Molecular Sciences (IMS), Department of Geosciences, Environment and Spatial Plannings, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joaquim C G Esteves da Silva
- Chemistry Research Unit (CIQUP), Institute of Molecular Sciences (IMS), Department of Geosciences, Environment and Spatial Plannings, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- LACOMEPHI, GreenUPorto, Department of Geosciences, Environment and Spatial Plannings, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Pinto da Silva
- Chemistry Research Unit (CIQUP), Institute of Molecular Sciences (IMS), Department of Geosciences, Environment and Spatial Plannings, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- LACOMEPHI, GreenUPorto, Department of Geosciences, Environment and Spatial Plannings, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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Panhwar S, Keerio HA, Khokhar NH, Muqeet M, Ali Z, Bilal M, Ul Rehman A. Magnetic nanomaterials as an effective absorbent material for removal of fluoride concentration in water: a review. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2024; 22:123-137. [PMID: 38295076 PMCID: wh_2023_116 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2023.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The rapid increases in industrialization and populations are significant sources of water contamination. The speed with which contamination of groundwater and surface water occurs is becoming a serious problem and poses a significant obstacle for water stakeholders. Heavy metals, organic, and inorganic contaminants in the form of suspended and dissolved materials are just a few of the contaminants that can be found in drinking water. One of the most common contaminants in the water is fluoride, which is responsible for numerous toxic diseases. Different traditional techniques, for example, coagulation, ion exchange, absorption, and membrane filtration are being used to dispose of fluoride from water. However, nanomaterials such as magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) are very efficient, reliable, cost-effective, and stable materials to replace traditional water treatment techniques. There has been an increase in interest in the application of nanomaterials to the purification of drinking water over the past few decades. The use of magnetic NPs, such as metal and metal oxide NPs, to remove fluoride ions and organic matter from water is highlighted in this review article. Also, this section also discusses the properties, benefits and drawbacks, and difficulties of utilizing magnetic NPs in the process of purifying drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sallahuddin Panhwar
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara, Turkey; Department of Civil Engineering, National University of Science and Technology, Balochistan, Campus, Quetta, Pakistan E-mail:
| | - Hareef Ahmed Keerio
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Quaid E Awam University of Engineering Science and Technology, Nawabshah, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Muqeet
- Department of Chemistry, Pak-Austria Fachhochschule, Institute of Applied Sciences & Technology Mang Khanpur, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zouhaib Ali
- Department of Civil Engineering, National University of Science and Technology, Balochistan, Campus, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- Department of Civil Engineering, National University of Science and Technology, Balochistan, Campus, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Ajeeb Ul Rehman
- Department of Civil Engineering, National University of Science and Technology, Balochistan, Campus, Quetta, Pakistan
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Baig MT, Kayan A. Eco-friendly novel adsorbents composed of hybrid compounds for efficient adsorption of methylene blue and Congo red dyes: Kinetic and thermodynamic studies. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2023.2166845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mirza Talha Baig
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Art and Science, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Asgar Kayan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Art and Science, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
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Ansari MAH, Khan ME, Mohammad A, Baig MT, Chaudary A, Tauqeer M. Application of nanocomposites in wastewater treatment. NANOCOMPOSITES-ADVANCED MATERIALS FOR ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS 2023:297-319. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-99704-1.00025-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Quentin Grafton R, Chu L, Kingsford RT, Bino G, Williams J. Resilience to hydrological droughts in the northern Murray-Darling Basin, Australia. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2022; 380:20210296. [PMCID: PMC9588425 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2021.0296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We respond to the problem of declining streamflows in the northern Murray–Darling Basin, Australia, a region that suffers from hydrological droughts and a drying trend. We partitioned the effect of meteorological trends from anthropogenic drivers on annual streamflow, quantified the effect of annual streamflow decline on waterbird abundance, estimated the effects of streamflow change on a measure of ecosystem resilience, and calculated the net benefits of in-stream water reallocation. The anthropogenic drivers of hydrological droughts were assessed by comparing the Lower Darling (hereafter the Barka) River, which has large recorded water extractions, with the adjacent Paroo River, which has very little recorded water extractions. Findings include: (1) only about one-third of the recent reduced streamflow of the Barka River is due to a meteorological drying trend; (2) statistically significant declines in waterbird species richness and abundance have occurred on both rivers between 1983–2000 and 2001–2020; (3) declines in waterbird abundance have been much larger along the Barka River than the Paroo River; and (4) ecosystem resilience, as measured by waterbird abundance, wasgreater on the Paroo River. Our four-step framework is applicable in any catchment with adequate time-series data and supports adaptive responses to hydrological droughts. This article is part of the Royal Society Science+ meeting issue ‘Drought risk in the Anthropocene’.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Quentin Grafton
- Crawford School of Public Policy, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Long Chu
- Crawford School of Public Policy, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Richard T. Kingsford
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Gilad Bino
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - John Williams
- Crawford School of Public Policy, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
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Biologically Synthesized Copper Nanoparticles Show Considerable Degradation of Reactive Red 81 Dye: An Eco-Friendly Sustainable Approach. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:7537955. [PMID: 35880033 PMCID: PMC9308545 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7537955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Diospyros kaki leaf extract was used in this study as a favorable basis for the synthesis of copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs). X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-visible spectroscopy approaches were used to characterize the biologically synthesized copper nanoparticles. The XRD analysis showed that copper nanoparticles were face-centered cubic structure. Various experimental levels like conc. of dye, concentration of Cu NPs, pH, reaction time, and temperature were optimized to decolorize reactive red 81 dye using the synthesized Cu NPs. Reactive red 81 dye was decolorized maximum using Cu NPs of 0.005 mg/L. Additionally, reactive red 81 dye was decolorized at its maximum at pH = 6, temperature = 50°C. Our study reported that chemical oxidation demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC) deduction efficacies were 74.56% and 73.24%. Further degradation study of reactive red 81 dye was also carried out. Cu NPs have the ability and promising potential to decolorize and degrade reactive red 81 dye found in wastewater.
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Advanced Oxidation Processes Coupled with Nanomaterials for Water Treatment. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11082045. [PMID: 34443876 PMCID: PMC8400743 DOI: 10.3390/nano11082045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Water quality management will be a priority issue in the near future. Indeed, due to scarcity and/or contamination of the water, regulatory frameworks will be increasingly strict to reduce environmental impacts of wastewater and to allow water to be reused. Moreover, drinking water quality standards must be improved in order to account for the emerging pollutants that are being detected in tap water. These tasks can only be achieved if new improved and sustainable water treatment technologies are developed. Nanomaterials are improving the ongoing research on advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). This work reviews the most important AOPs, namely: persulfate, chlorine and NH2Cl based processes, UV/H2O2, Fenton processes, ozone, and heterogeneous photocatalytic processes. A critical review of the current coupling of nanomaterials to some of these AOPs is presented. Besides the active role of the nanomaterials in the degradation of water contaminants/pollutants in the AOPs, the relevance of their adsorbent/absorbent function in these processes is also discussed.
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Khan ME. State-of-the-art developments in carbon-based metal nanocomposites as a catalyst: photocatalysis. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:1887-1900. [PMID: 36133084 PMCID: PMC9418201 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00041a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The rapid progress of state-of-the-art carbon-based metals as a catalyst is playing a central role in the research area of chemical and materials engineering for effective visible-light-induced catalytic applications. Numerous admirable catalysts have been fabricated, but significant challenges persist to lower the cost and increase the action of catalysts. The development of carbon-based nanostructured materials (i.e., activated carbon, carbon nitride, graphite, fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, diamond, graphene, etc.) represents an admirable substitute to out-of-date catalysts. Significant efforts have been made by researchers toward the improvement of various carbon-based metal nanostructures as catalysts. Moreover, incredible development has been achieved in several fields of catalysis, such as visible-light-induced catalysis, electrochemical performance, energy storage, and conversion, etc. This review gives an overview of the up-to-date developments in the strategy of design and fabrication of carbon-based metal nanostructures as photo-catalysts by means of several methods within the green approach, including chemical synthesis, in situ growth, solution mixing, and hydrothermal approaches. Moreover, the photocatalytic effects of the resulting carbon-based nanostructure classifications are similarly deliberated relative to their eco-friendly applications, such as photocatalytic degradation of organic dye pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ehtisham Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering Technology, College of Applied Industrial Technology (CAIT), Jazan University Jazan 45971 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Umar MF, Abbas SZ, Mohamad Ibrahim MN, Ismail N, Rafatullah M. Insights into Advancements and Electrons Transfer Mechanisms of Electrogens in Benthic Microbial Fuel Cells. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:E205. [PMID: 32872260 PMCID: PMC7558326 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10090205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Benthic microbial fuel cells (BMFCs) are a kind of microbial fuel cell (MFC), distinguished by the absence of a membrane. BMFCs are an ecofriendly technology with a prominent role in renewable energy harvesting and the bioremediation of organic pollutants through electrogens. Electrogens act as catalysts to increase the rate of reaction in the anodic chamber, acting in electrons transfer to the cathode. This electron transfer towards the anode can either be direct or indirect using exoelectrogens by oxidizing organic matter. The performance of a BMFC also varies with the types of substrates used, which may be sugar molasses, sucrose, rice paddy, etc. This review presents insights into the use of BMFCs for the bioremediation of pollutants and for renewable energy production via different electron pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Faisal Umar
- Division of Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia; (M.F.U.); (N.I.)
| | - Syed Zaghum Abbas
- Biofuels Institute, School of Environment, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | | | - Norli Ismail
- Division of Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia; (M.F.U.); (N.I.)
| | - Mohd Rafatullah
- Division of Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia; (M.F.U.); (N.I.)
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10
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Assessing Water Security in Water-Scarce Cities: Applying the Integrated Urban Water Security Index (IUWSI) in Madaba, Jordan. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12051299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Water security is a major concern for water-scarce cities that face dynamic water challenges due to limited water supply, climate change and increasing water demand. Framing urban water security is challenging due to the complexity and uncertainties of the definitions and assessment frameworks concerning urban water security. Several studies have assessed water security by granting priority indicators equal weight without considering or adapting to the local conditions. This study develops a new urban water security assessment framework with application to the water-scarce city of Madaba, Jordan. The study applies the new assessment framework on the study area and measures urban water security using the integrated urban water security index (IUWSI) and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) as a decision management tool to prioritise and distinguish indicators that affect the four dimensions of urban water security: drinking water, ecosystems, climate change and water-related hazards, and socioeconomic aspects (DECS). The integrated urban water security index (IUWSI) highlights the state of water security and intervention strategies in Madaba. The study reveals that urban water security in Madaba is satisfactory to meet basic needs, with shortcomings in some aspects of the DECS. However, Madaba faces poor security in terms of managing climate- and water-related risks. The IUWSI framework assists with a rational and evidence-based decision-making process, which is important for enhancing water resources management in water-scarce cities.
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11
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Homaeigohar S. The Nanosized Dye Adsorbents for Water Treatment. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10020295. [PMID: 32050582 PMCID: PMC7075180 DOI: 10.3390/nano10020295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Clean water is a vital element for survival of any living creature and, thus, crucially important to achieve largely and economically for any nation worldwide. However, the astonishingly fast trend of industrialization and population growth and the arisen extensive water pollutions have challenged access to clean water across the world. In this regard, 1.6 million tons of dyes are annually consumed. Thereof, 10%–15% are wasted during use. To decolorize water streams, there is an urgent need for the advanced remediation approaches involving utilization of novel materials and technologies, which are cost and energy efficient. Nanomaterials, with their outstanding physicochemical properties, can potentially resolve the challenge of need to water treatment in a less energy demanding manner. In this review, a variety of the most recent (from 2015 onwards) opportunities arisen from nanomaterials in different dimensionalities, performances, and compositions for water decolorization is introduced and discussed. The state-of-the-art research studies are presented in a classified manner, particularly based on structural dimensionality, to better illustrate the current status of adsorption-based water decolorization using nanomaterials. Considering the introduction of many newly developed nano-adsorbents and their classification based on the dimensionality factor, which has never been employed for this sake in the related literature, a comprehensive review will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahin Homaeigohar
- Nanochemistry and Nanoengineering, Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 00076 Aalto, Finland
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Kiran, Sonker E, Tungala K, Krishnamoorthi S, Kumar K. Synthesis of IONP's decorated graft copolymers and study of their magnetic force–induced wastewater treatment. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kiran
- Applied Science DepartmentMadan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology Gorakhpur India
| | - Ekta Sonker
- Department of ChemistryDeen Dayal Upadhyay Gorakhpur University Gorakhpur India
| | - Kranthikumar Tungala
- Department of Chemistry, Ewing Christian CollegeUniversity of Allahabad Allahabad India
| | - S Krishnamoorthi
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of ScienceBanaras Hindu University Varanasi India
| | - Krishna Kumar
- Applied Science DepartmentMadan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology Gorakhpur India
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Dilemmas in and Pathways to Transboundary Water Cooperation between China and India on the Yaluzangbu-Brahmaputra River. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11102096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The Yaluzangbu-Brahmaputra River is a hotspot for the discussions on regional security. The interactions on water between China and India are key to realizing water-related 2015 Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) targets in the basin. Using a series of secondary literature information, and the method of event studies, we created a timeline of the Sino-Indian relation events since the 1950s, analyzed the correlations among the contents, the duties by each side, the events of water cooperation, and the diplomatic events between them. We found the following dilemmas hamper water cooperation: (1) The scopes of, and steps towards, transboundary water cooperation are hampered by patchy Sino-Indian diplomatic relations; and (2) there is a lack of motivation for China to cooperate with India without benefits sharing, given that China has undertaken more duties and has often received negative feedback. However, we also found the following pathways toward improving water cooperation: (1) A national cooperation mechanism on transboundary rivers has been established, which may be beneficial for further water cooperation; and (2) a channel for interdisciplinary dialogue should be encouraged to bridge the disparate outlooks and improve interactions between policymakers and scientific experts.
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Coristine LE, Colla S, Bennett N, Carlsson AM, Davy C, Davies KTA, Favaro B, Flockhart DTT, Fraser K, Orihel D, Otto SP, Palen W, Polfus JL, Venter O, Ford AT. National contributions to global ecosystem values. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2019; 33:1219-1223. [PMID: 30672033 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Current conservation templates prioritize biogeographic regions with high intensity ecosystem values, such as exceptional species richness or threat. Intensity-based targets are an important consideration in global efforts, but they do not capture all available opportunities to conserve ecosystem values, including those that accrue in low intensity over large areas. We assess six globally-significant ecosystem values-intact wilderness, freshwater availability, productive marine environments, breeding habitat for migratory wildlife, soil carbon storage, and latitudinal potential for range shift in the face of climate change-to highlight opportunities for high-impact broadly-distributed contributions to global conservation. Nations can serve as a cohesive block of policy that can profoundly influence conservation outcomes. Contributions to global ecosystem values that exceed what is predicted by a nation's area alone, can give rise to countries with the capacity to act as 'conservation superpowers', such as Canada and Russia. For these conservation superpowers, a relatively small number of national policies can have environmental repercussions for the rest of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Coristine
- Department of Biology, The University of British Columbia - Okanagan Campus, 1177 Research Road, Kelowna, British Columbia, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Sheila Colla
- Faculty of Environmental Studies, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Nathan Bennett
- Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Anja M Carlsson
- Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Environmental Research and Monitoring, P.O. Box 50007, 104 05, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T3R 1J3, Canada
| | - Christina Davy
- Wildlife Research & Monitoring Section, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources & Forestry, 2140 East Bank Drive, Peterborough, Ontario, K9L 1Z8, Canada
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, 1600 W Bank Drive, Peterborough, Ontario, K9J 0G2, Canada
| | | | - Brett Favaro
- School of Fisheries, Fisheries and Marine Institute of Memorial University of Newfoundland, 155 Ridge Road, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, A1C 5R3, Canada
| | - D T Tyler Flockhart
- University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Appalachian Laboratory, 301 Braddock Road, Frostburg, MD, 21532, U.S.A
| | - Kevin Fraser
- Department of Biological Science, University of Manitoba, 50 Sifton Road, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Diane Orihel
- School of Environmental Studies and Department of Biology, Queen's University, 116 Barrie Street, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Sarah P Otto
- Biodiversity Research Centre & Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Wendy Palen
- Earth to Ocean Research Group, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Jean L Polfus
- Department of Biological Science, University of Manitoba, 50 Sifton Road, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Oscar Venter
- Natural Resource and Environmental Studies Institute, University of Northern British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Prince George, British Columbia, V2N 4Z9, Canada
| | - Adam T Ford
- Department of Biology, The University of British Columbia - Okanagan Campus, 1177 Research Road, Kelowna, British Columbia, V1V 1V7, Canada
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Gaupp F, Pflug G, Hochrainer-Stigler S, Hall J, Dadson S. Dependency of Crop Production between Global Breadbaskets: A Copula Approach for the Assessment of Global and Regional Risk Pools. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2017; 37:2212-2228. [PMID: 28032659 DOI: 10.1111/risa.12761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
As recent events have shown, simultaneous crop losses in different parts of the world can cause serious risks to global food security. However, to date, little is known about the spatial dependency of lower than expected crop yields from global breadbaskets. This especially applies in the case of extreme events, i.e., where one or more breadbaskets are experiencing far below average yields. Without such information, risk management approaches cannot be applied and vulnerability to extremes may remain high or even increase in the future around the world. We tackle both issues from an empirical perspective focusing on wheat yield. Interdependencies between historically observed wheat yield deviations in five breadbaskets (United States, Argentina, India, China, and Australia) are estimated via copula approaches that can incorporate increasing tail dependencies. In doing so, we are able to attach probabilities to interregional as well as global yield losses. To address the robustness of our results, we apply three different methods for constructing multivariate copulas: vine copulas, ordered coupling using a minimax approach, and hierarchical structuring. We found interdependencies between states within breadbaskets that led us to the conclusion that risk pooling for extremes is less favorable on the regional level. However, notwithstanding evidence of global climatic teleconnections that may influence crop production, we also demonstrate empirically that wheat production losses are independent between global breadbaskets, which strengthens the case for interregional risk pooling strategies. We argue that through interregional risk pooling, postdisaster liabilities of governments and international donors could be decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Gaupp
- Environmental Change Institute, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Georg Pflug
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
| | | | - Jim Hall
- Environmental Change Institute, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Simon Dadson
- School of Geography and the Environment, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
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Reconciling Drought Vulnerability Assessment Using a Convergent Approach: Application to Water Security in the Elqui River Basin, North-Central Chile. WATER 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/w9080589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Can Water Abundance Compensate for Weak Water Governance? Determining and Comparing Dimensions of Irrigation Water Security in Tajikistan. WATER 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/w9040286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Hatton MacDonald D, Rose JM, Lease HJ, Cox DN. Recycled wastewater and product choice: Does it make a difference if and when you taste it? Food Qual Prefer 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Dalby S. Contextual Changes in Earth History: From the Holocene to the Anthropocene — Implications for Sustainable Development and for Strategies of Sustainable Transition. HEXAGON SERIES ON HUMAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY AND PEACE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-43884-9_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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21
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Stimulating sediment bioremediation with benthic microbial fuel cells. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2014.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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22
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Hall JW, Grey D, Garrick D, Fung F, Brown C, Dadson SJ, Sadoff CW. Water Security. Coping with the curse of freshwater variability. Science 2014; 346:429-30. [PMID: 25342791 DOI: 10.1126/science.1257890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J W Hall
- University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QY UK.
| | - D Grey
- University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QY UK
| | - D Garrick
- Department of Political Science and Walter G. Booth School of Engineering Practice, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 0A3, Canada
| | - F Fung
- Environment Agency, Bristol BS1 5AH, UK
| | - C Brown
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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23
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Fereres E, Orgaz F, Gonzalez-Dugo V, Testi L, Villalobos FJ. Balancing crop yield and water productivity tradeoffs in herbaceous and woody crops. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2014; 41:1009-1018. [PMID: 32481054 DOI: 10.1071/fp14042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The links between water and crop yield are well known. In agricultural systems, maximum yield and maximum water productivity (WP; yield divided by water use) are not always compatible goals. In water-limited situations, optimal solutions must be reached by finding a compromise between the levels of crop production and WP. The tradeoffs between production and WP are reviewed here and the dominant effects of the environment on WP are examined. Genetic improvement for WP generally has yield tradeoffs, whereas management measures devised to improve WP also enhance yield. It is shown that partial closure of the stomata in response to environmental stimuli has a variable impact on canopy transpiration, depending on the degree of coupling between the canopy and the atmosphere. In contrast to the behaviour of the major herbaceous crops, WP increases in some woody crops in response to water stress, suggesting that biomass and transpiration are not linearly related, and that deficit irrigation should be successful in these species. Avoiding high evaporative demand periods (e.g. through tolerance to low temperatures) is an important option that aims to increase production and WP. A case study is presented for improving sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) yield and WP in temperate environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elías Fereres
- Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Scientific Research Council of Spain (CSIC), Alameda del Obispo, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Francisco Orgaz
- Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Scientific Research Council of Spain (CSIC), Alameda del Obispo, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Victoria Gonzalez-Dugo
- Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Scientific Research Council of Spain (CSIC), Alameda del Obispo, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Luca Testi
- Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Scientific Research Council of Spain (CSIC), Alameda del Obispo, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Francisco J Villalobos
- Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Scientific Research Council of Spain (CSIC), Alameda del Obispo, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
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Brown C, Meeks R, Ghile Y, Hunu K. Is water security necessary? An empirical analysis of the effects of climate hazards on national-level economic growth. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2013; 371:20120416. [PMID: 24080625 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2012.0416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The influence of climate and the role of water security on economic growth are topics of growing interest. Few studies have investigated the potential role that climate hazards, which water security addresses, and their cumulative effects have on the growth prospects for a country. Owing to the relatively stationary spatial patterns of global climate, certain regions and countries are more prone to climate hazards and climate variability than others. For example, El Nino/Southern Oscillation patterns result in greater hydroclimatic variability in much of the tropics than that experienced at higher latitudes. In this study, we use a precipitation index that preserves the spatial and temporal variability of precipitation and differentiates between precipitation maxima (e.g. floods) and minima (e.g. droughts). The index is a more precise instrument for hydroclimate hazards than that used in any previous studies. A fixed effects, for year and country, regression model was developed to test the influence of climate variables on measures of economic growth and activity. The results indicate that precipitation extremes (i.e. floods and droughts) are the dominant climate influences on economic growth and that the effects are significant and negative. The drought index was found to be associated with a highly significant negative influence on gross domestic product (GDP) growth, while the flood index was associated with a negative influence on GDP growth and lagged effects on growth. The flood index was also found to have a negative effect on industrial value added in contemporary and lagged regressions. Temperature was found to have little significant effect. These results have important implications for economic projections of climate change impacts. Perhaps more important, the results make clear that hydroclimatic hazards have measurable negative impacts, and thus lack of water security is an impediment to growth. In addition, adaptation strategies should recognize the importance of managing hazards given the identification of precipitation extremes as the key climate influence on historical GDP growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey Brown
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts, , Amherst, MA 01002, USA
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Bradley DJ, Bartram JK. Domestic water and sanitation as water security: monitoring, concepts and strategy. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2013; 371:20120420. [PMID: 24080628 PMCID: PMC3785949 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2012.0420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Domestic water and sanitation provide examples of a situation where long-term, target-driven efforts have been launched with the objective of reducing the proportion of people who are water-insecure, most recently through the millennium development goals (MDGs) framework. Impacts of these efforts have been monitored by an increasingly evidence-based system, and plans for the next period of international policy, which are likely to aim at universal coverage with basic water and sanitation, are being currently developed. As distinct from many other domains to which the concept of water security is applied, domestic or personal water security requires a perspective that incorporates the reciprocal notions of provision and risk, as the current status of domestic water and sanitation security is dominated by deficiency This paper reviews the interaction of science and technology with policies, practice and monitoring, and explores how far domestic water can helpfully fit into the proposed concept of water security, how that is best defined, and how far the human right to water affects the situation. It is considered that they fit well together in terms both of practical planning of targets and indicators and as a conceptual framework to help development. The focus needs to be broad, to extend beyond households, to emphasize maintenance as well as construction and to increase equity of access. International and subnational monitoring need to interact, and monitoring results need to be meaningful to service providers as well as users.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Bradley
- Department of Zoology, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
- e-mail:
| | - Jamie K. Bartram
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Water Institute, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27606, USA
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Hall J, Borgomeo E. Risk-based principles for defining and managing water security. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2013; 371:20120407. [PMID: 24080616 PMCID: PMC3785948 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2012.0407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The concept of water security implies concern about potentially harmful states of coupled human and natural water systems. Those harmful states may be associated with water scarcity (for humans and/or the environment), floods or harmful water quality. The theories and practices of risk analysis and risk management have been developed and elaborated to deal with the uncertain occurrence of harmful events. Yet despite their widespread application in public policy, theories and practices of risk management have well-known limitations, particularly in the context of severe uncertainties and contested values. Here, we seek to explore the boundaries of applicability of risk-based principles as a means of formalizing discussion of water security. Not only do risk concepts have normative appeal, but they also provide an explicit means of addressing the variability that is intrinsic to hydrological, ecological and socio-economic systems. We illustrate the nature of these interconnections with a simulation study, which demonstrates how water resources planning could take more explicit account of epistemic uncertainties, tolerability of risk and the trade-offs in risk among different actors.
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Dadson S, Acreman M, Harding R. Water security, global change and land-atmosphere feedbacks. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2013; 371:20120412. [PMID: 24080621 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2012.0412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the competing pressures on water resources requires a detailed knowledge of the future water balance under uncertain environmental change. The need for a robust, scientifically rigorous evidence base for effective policy planning and practice has never been greater. Environmental change includes, but is not limited to, climate change; it also includes land-use and land-cover change, including deforestation for agriculture, and occurs alongside changes in anthropogenic interventions that are used in natural resource management such as the regulation of river flows using dams, which can have impacts that frequently exceed those arising in the natural system. In this paper, we examine the role that land surface models can play in providing a robust scientific basis for making resource management decisions against a background of environmental change. We provide some perspectives on recent developments in modelling in land surface hydrology. Among the range of current land surface and hydrology models, there is a large range of variability, which indicates that the specification and parametrization of several basic processes in the models can be improved. Key areas that require improvement in order to address hydrological applications include (i) the representation of groundwater in models, particularly at the scales relevant to land surface modelling, (ii) the representation of human interventions such as dams and irrigation in the hydrological system, (iii) the quantification and communication of uncertainty, and (iv) improved understanding of the impact on water resources availability of multiple use through treatment, recycling and return flows (and the balance of consumptive and conservative uses). Through a series of examples, we demonstrate that changes in water use could have important reciprocal impacts on climate over a wide area. The effects of water management decisions on climate feedbacks are only beginning to be investigated-they are still only rarely included in climate impact assessments-and the links between the hydrological system and climate are rarely acknowledged in studies of ecosystem services. Nevertheless, because water is essential not only for its direct uses but also for the indirect functions that it serves (including food production, fisheries and industry), it is vital that these connected systems are studied. Building on the examples above, we highlight recent research showing that assessment of these trade-offs is particularly complex in wetland areas, especially in situations where these trade-offs play to the advantage of different communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Dadson
- School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, , South Parks Road, Oxford, UK
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Garrick D, De Stefano L, Fung F, Pittock J, Schlager E, New M, Connell D. Managing hydroclimatic risks in federal rivers: a diagnostic assessment. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2013; 371:20120415. [PMID: 24080624 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2012.0415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Hydroclimatic risks and adaptive capacity are not distributed evenly in large river basins of federal countries, where authority is divided across national and territorial governments. Transboundary river basins are a major test of federal systems of governance because key management roles exist at all levels. This paper examines the evolution and design of interstate water allocation institutions in semi-arid federal rivers prone to drought extremes, climatic variability and intensified competition for scarce water. We conceptualize, categorize and compare federal rivers as social-ecological systems to analyse the relationship between governance arrangements and hydroclimatic risks. A diagnostic approach is used to map over 300 federal rivers and classify the hydroclimatic risks of three semi-arid federal rivers with a long history of interstate allocation tensions: the Colorado River (USA/Mexico), Ebro River (Spain) and Murray-Darling River (Australia). Case studies review the evolution and design of water allocation institutions. Three institutional design trends have emerged: adoption of proportional interstate allocation rules; emergence of multi-layered river basin governance arrangements for planning, conflict resolution and joint monitoring; and new flexibility to adjust historic allocation patterns. Proportional allocation rules apportion water between states based on a share of available water, not a fixed volume or priority. Interstate allocation reform efforts in the Colorado and Murray-Darling rivers indicate that proportional allocation rules are prevalent for upstream states, while downstream states seek reliable deliveries of fixed volumes to increase water security. River basin governance arrangements establish new venues for multilayered planning, monitoring and conflict resolution to balance self governance by users and states with basin-wide coordination. Flexibility to adjust historic allocation agreements, without risk of defection or costly court action, also provides adaptive capacity to manage climatic variability and shifting values. Future research should develop evidence about pathways to adaptive capacity in different classes of federal rivers, while acknowledging limits to transferability and the need for context-sensitive design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin Garrick
- School of Geography and the Environment and Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford, , Oxford, UK
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29
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Falkenmark M. Growing water scarcity in agriculture: future challenge to global water security. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2013; 371:20120410. [PMID: 24080619 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2012.0410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
As water is an essential component of the planetary life support system, water deficiency constitutes an insecurity that has to be overcome in the process of socio-economic development. The paper analyses the origin and appearance of blue as well as green water scarcity on different scales and with particular focus on risks to food production and water supply for municipalities and industry. It analyses water scarcity originating from both climatic phenomena and water partitioning disturbances on different scales: crop field, country level and the global circulation system. The implications by 2050 of water scarcity in terms of potential country-level water deficits for food self-reliance are analysed, and the compensating dependence on trade in virtual water for almost half the world population is noted. Planetary-scale conditions for sustainability of the global water circulation system are discussed in terms of a recently proposed Planetary Freshwater Boundary, and the consumptive water use reserve left to be shared between water requirements for global food production, fuelwood production and carbon sequestration is discussed. Finally, the importance of a paradigm shift in the further conceptual development of water security is stressed, so that adequate attention is paid to water's fundamental role in both natural and socio-economic systems.
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30
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Whitehead PG, Crossman J, Balana BB, Futter MN, Comber S, Jin L, Skuras D, Wade AJ, Bowes MJ, Read DS. A cost-effectiveness analysis of water security and water quality: impacts of climate and land-use change on the River Thames system. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2013; 371:20120413. [PMID: 24080622 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2012.0413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The catchment of the River Thames, the principal river system in southern England, provides the main water supply for London but is highly vulnerable to changes in climate, land use and population. The river is eutrophic with significant algal blooms with phosphorus assumed to be the primary chemical indicator of ecosystem health. In the Thames Basin, phosphorus is available from point sources such as wastewater treatment plants and from diffuse sources such as agriculture. In order to predict vulnerability to future change, the integrated catchments model for phosphorus (INCA-P) has been applied to the river basin and used to assess the cost-effectiveness of a range of mitigation and adaptation strategies. It is shown that scenarios of future climate and land-use change will exacerbate the water quality problems, but a range of mitigation measures can improve the situation. A cost-effectiveness study has been undertaken to compare the economic benefits of each mitigation measure and to assess the phosphorus reductions achieved. The most effective strategy is to reduce fertilizer use by 20% together with the treatment of effluent to a high standard. Such measures will reduce the instream phosphorus concentrations to close to the EU Water Framework Directive target for the Thames.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Whitehead
- School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, , South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK
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