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Tran TA, Rigg J, Taylor D, Miller MA, Pittock J, Le PT. Social Memory in the Mekong's Changing Floodscapes: Narratives of Agrarian Communities' Adaptation. Hum Ecol Interdiscip J 2022; 50:879-893. [PMID: 36213593 PMCID: PMC9531210 DOI: 10.1007/s10745-022-00362-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Rural adaptation encompasses place-based perceptions, behaviors, livelihoods, and traditional ways of life associated with local environments. These perceptions, norms, and practices are disturbed by coupled environment-development externalities. This study employs the Vietnamese Mekong floodplains as an exemplary case to illustrate how floods impact agrarian communities and how they have experienced flood alterations driven by hydropower development and climate change in recent years. Drawing on thematic and narrative analyses of qualitative data (focus group discussions and interviews) collected in three agrarian communities in the Vietnamese Mekong floodplains, sources drawn from various news outlets, and academic materials, we argue that disrupted flood environments in the floodplains have triggered affective flood reminiscences, catalysing shifts to incremental and transformative adaptation to achieve resilience. We build a nuanced understanding of how social memory helps to enhance human-environment relationships in response to highly complex hydrological dynamics in the delta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thong Anh Tran
- Asia Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Fenner School of Environment and Society, College of Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
- School of Geography, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Fulbright School of Public Policy and Management, Fulbright University Vietnam, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Jonathan Rigg
- School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - David Taylor
- Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michelle Ann Miller
- Asia Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jamie Pittock
- Fenner School of Environment and Society, College of Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Phong Thanh Le
- Climate Change Institute, An Giang University, VNU-HCM, Long Xuyen City, An Giang Vietnam
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2
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Schweizer V, Colloff MJ, Pittock J. The Dammed and the Saved: a Conservation Triage Framework for Wetlands under Climate Change in the Murray-Darling Basin, Australia. Environ Manage 2022; 70:549-564. [PMID: 35962817 PMCID: PMC9439973 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-022-01692-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As the impacts of climate change and water demands from irrigation continue to increase in the Murray-Darling Basin, water for the environment is becoming more scarce and the ecological conditions of many wetlands is poor. With water scarcity, conservation triage is becoming an increasingly relevant management option for environmental watering of wetlands. However, triage is controversial; being considered contrary to current conservation objectives and practices. We assessed environmental watering at two Ramsar wetlands, Macquarie Marshes and Gunbower Forest, based on international environmental treaty obligations and domestic policy settings, changes to flow regimes, wetland condition and current management. Triage decision making was found to be in tacit use at Macquarie Marshes, based on 'rules of thumb' and experiential ecohydrological knowledge, whereas formal environmental watering planning formed the basis for triage decision making at Gunbower Forest. We developed a framework for conservation triage of wetlands in the Murray-Darling Basin to stimulate change in the decision context for wetland conservation and adaptation under climate change. Conservation triage entails reframing of relationships between people and nature and values, rules and knowledge used by stakeholders. Because water is the medium by which wetland conservation outcomes eventuate, trade-offs between competing water uses can be realised with the triage framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivienne Schweizer
- Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Matthew J Colloff
- Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.
| | - Jamie Pittock
- Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
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3
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Pittock J. Use of the Ramsar Convention to protect springs and other wetlands. Conserv Biol 2021; 35:1969-1971. [PMID: 34247413 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Pittock
- Fenner School of Environment & Society, The Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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4
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Affiliation(s)
- André F Van Rooyen
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Henning Bjornlund
- UniSA Business School, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jamie Pittock
- Fenner School of Environment & Society, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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5
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Noble MM, Harasti D, Pittock J, Doran B. Understanding the spatial diversity of social uses, dynamics, and conflicts in marine spatial planning. J Environ Manage 2019; 246:929-940. [PMID: 31351276 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Marine coastal environments are often socially complex public areas that need equitable spatial planning approaches. Understanding the extent of extractive and non-extractive uses and the social dynamics that may be driving patterns of use is essential if the spatial plan is to support the social resilience of a marine area. In this study, a combination of fuzzy-set multi-criteria GIS modelling and negative tie social network analysis were used to explore social uses and conflicts based on sketch-mapping interviews with five key stakeholder groups (ecotourism, Aboriginal Traditional Owners, commercial and recreational fishing, and water sports) within a Marine Protected Area (MPA). Most of the areas within the MPA were regularly used by the stakeholders, with non-extractive and extractive stakeholders occupying similar spatial extents, with each stakeholder group having a different pattern of use. However, stakeholder groups had different levels of perceived priority to access these areas and support of the current spatial management plan, especially within the ecotourism and Aboriginal Traditional Owner groups. The investigation of social conflicts in shaping patterns of use revealed that most stakeholder conflicts do not necessarily occur in areas of overlaps, but generally in areas of high biodiversity and easy access through marine infrastructure. Ecotourism groups had the most perceived conflicts over marine space, which shaped their use towards certain no-take zones that protected high biodiversity and would also provide protection from other conflicting stakeholder uses (e.g., boating, fishing). Overall, the method outlined in this paper presents a way for marine spatial management to consider not only the extent and diversity of social uses in a marine environment but also the spatial-social dynamics that may determine the success of the spatial plan in supporting long-term social resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mae M Noble
- Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.
| | - David Harasti
- Fisheries Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Nelson Bay, NSW, 2315, Australia
| | - Jamie Pittock
- Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Bruce Doran
- Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
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6
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Driscoll DA, Worboys GL, Allan H, Banks SC, Beeton NJ, Cherubin RC, Doherty TS, Finlayson CM, Green K, Hartley R, Hope G, Johnson CN, Lintermans M, Mackey B, Paull DJ, Pittock J, Porfirio LL, Ritchie EG, Sato CF, Scheele BC, Slattery DA, Venn S, Watson D, Watson M, Williams RM. Impacts of feral horses in the Australian Alps and evidence‐based solutions. Ecol Manag Restor 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/emr.12357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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7
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Begossi A, Salivonchyk SV, Hallwass G, Hanazaki N, Lopes PFM, Silvano RAM, Dumaresq D, Pittock J. Fish consumption on the Amazon: a review of biodiversity, hydropower and food security issues. BRAZ J BIOL 2018; 79:345-357. [PMID: 30379202 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.186572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of knowledge about the majority of fish species harvested in Amazonian small-scale fisheries, in association with impacts from hydroelectric power plants, may lead to biodiversity loss and a decrease in the protein food supply for riverine Amazonians. This study uses existing datasets on fisheries and riverine developmental projects to infer effects associated with fish losses where actual data and outcomes are not available. The targeted fish species' status may be regarded as either threatened or there being no knowledge of their conservation requirements, biology or ecology. Among the 90 Amazonian fish species that are the most important for the diet of the riverine fishers, 78% are not assessed or their biological information is unknown, according to the IUCN Red List. Consequently, the effects created by the thoroughly disregarded trade-off between energy generation and food security in the planning of Amazonian land use have been worsened by the lack of biological and ecological information on fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Begossi
- Programa de Capacitação de Pescadores Artesanais - CAPESCA, Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Alimentação - NEPA, Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, Rua Albert Einstein, nº 291, CEP 13083-852, Campinas, SP, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Sustentabilidade de Ecossistemas Costeiros e Marinhos - PPG-ECOMAR, Universidade Santa Cecília - UNISANTA, Rua Oswaldo Cruz, nº 277, Boqueirão, CEP 11045-907, Santos, SP, Brasil.,Fisheries and Food Institute - FIFO, Rua Oswaldo Cruz, nº 277, Boqueirão, CEP 11045-907, Santos, SP, Brasil
| | - S V Salivonchyk
- Institute for Nature Management, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 10 Fr. Skaryna Street, Minsk, 220114, Minsk, Belarus
| | - G Hallwass
- Fisheries and Food Institute - FIFO, Rua Oswaldo Cruz, nº 277, Boqueirão, CEP 11045-907, Santos, SP, Brasil.,Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará - UFOPA, Rodovia -254, nº 257, CEP 68270-000, Oriximiná, PA, Brasil
| | - N Hanazaki
- Fisheries and Food Institute - FIFO, Rua Oswaldo Cruz, nº 277, Boqueirão, CEP 11045-907, Santos, SP, Brasil.,Departmento de Ecologia e Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Campus Universitário, Córrego Grande, CEP 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - P F M Lopes
- Fisheries and Food Institute - FIFO, Rua Oswaldo Cruz, nº 277, Boqueirão, CEP 11045-907, Santos, SP, Brasil.,Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, Av. Sen. Salgado Filho, nº 3000, Lagoa Nova, CEP 59064-741, Natal, RN, Brasil
| | - R A M Silvano
- Fisheries and Food Institute - FIFO, Rua Oswaldo Cruz, nº 277, Boqueirão, CEP 11045-907, Santos, SP, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, CP 15007, CEP 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - D Dumaresq
- Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University - ANU, B141, B48, B48A, Linnaeus Way, Acton ACT 2601, Canberra, Australia
| | - J Pittock
- Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University - ANU, B141, B48, B48A, Linnaeus Way, Acton ACT 2601, Canberra, Australia
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Bowman DMJS, Garnett ST, Barlow S, Bekessy SA, Bellairs SM, Bishop MJ, Bradstock RA, Jones DN, Maxwell SL, Pittock J, Toral-Granda MV, Watson JEM, Wilson T, Zander KK, Hughes L. Renewal ecology: conservation for the Anthropocene. Restor Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David M. J. S. Bowman
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Tasmania; Private Bag 55 Hobart Tasmania 7001 Australia
| | - Stephen T. Garnett
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods; Charles Darwin University; Casuarina Northern Territory 0909 Australia
| | - Snow Barlow
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences; University of Melbourne; Parkville Victoria 3011 Australia
| | - Sarah A. Bekessy
- Interdisciplinary Conservation Science Research Group, School of Global, Urban and Social Studies; RMIT University; GPO Box 2476 Melbourne Victoria 3001 Australia
| | - Sean M. Bellairs
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods; Charles Darwin University; Casuarina Northern Territory 0909 Australia
| | - Melanie J. Bishop
- Department of Biological Sciences; Macquarie University; North Ryde New South Wales 2109 Australia
| | - Ross A. Bradstock
- Centre for Environmental Risk Management of Bushfires; University of Wollongong; Wollongong New South Wales 2522 Australia
| | - Darryl N. Jones
- Environmental Futures Research Institute; Griffith University; Nathan Queensland 4111 Australia
| | - Sean L. Maxwell
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences; The University of Queensland; St. Lucia Queensland 4072 Australia
| | - Jamie Pittock
- Fenner School of Environment and Society; The Australian National University; 48 Linnaeus Way Acton Australian Capital Territory 2600 Australia
| | - Maria V. Toral-Granda
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods; Charles Darwin University; Casuarina Northern Territory 0909 Australia
| | - James E. M. Watson
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences; The University of Queensland; St. Lucia Queensland 4072 Australia
- Wildlife Conservation Society; Global Conservation Program; Bronx NY 10460 U.S.A
| | - Tom Wilson
- Northern Institute; Charles Darwin University; Casuarina Northern Territory 0909 Australia
| | - Kerstin K. Zander
- Northern Institute; Charles Darwin University; Casuarina Northern Territory 0909 Australia
| | - Lesley Hughes
- Department of Biological Sciences; Macquarie University; North Ryde New South Wales 2109 Australia
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9
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Hassenforder E, Ducrot R, Ferrand N, Barreteau O, Anne Daniell K, Pittock J. Four challenges in selecting and implementing methods to monitor and evaluate participatory processes: Example from the Rwenzori region, Uganda. J Environ Manage 2016; 180:504-16. [PMID: 27288554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Participatory approaches are now increasingly recognized and used as an essential element of policies and programs, especially in regards to natural resource management (NRM). Most practitioners, decision-makers and researchers having adopted participatory approaches also acknowledge the need to monitor and evaluate such approaches in order to audit their effectiveness, support decision-making or improve learning. Many manuals and frameworks exist on how to carry out monitoring and evaluation (M&E) for participatory processes. However, few provide guidelines on the selection and implementation of M&E methods, an aspect which is also often obscure in published studies, at the expense of the transparency, reliability and validity of the study. In this paper, we argue that the selection and implementation of M&E methods are particularly strategic when monitoring and evaluating a participatory process. We demonstrate that evaluators of participatory processes have to tackle a quadruple challenge when selecting and implementing methods: using mixed-methods, both qualitative and quantitative; assessing the participatory process, its outcomes, and its context; taking into account both the theory and participants' views; and being both rigorous and adaptive. The M&E of a participatory planning process in the Rwenzori Region, Uganda, is used as an example to show how these challenges unfold on the ground and how they can be tackled. Based on this example, we conclude by providing tools and strategies that can be used by evaluators to ensure that they make utile, feasible, coherent, transparent and adaptive methodological choices when monitoring and evaluating participatory processes for NRM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeline Hassenforder
- French National Research Institute of Science and Technology for Environment and Agriculture (IRSTEA), Research Unit on Water Management, Actors & Uses (UMR G-eau), 361 Rue J.F. Breton, BP 5095, Cedex 5 Montpellier, France; The Australian National University (ANU), Fenner School of Environment and Society, 48 Linnaeus Way, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia; AgroParisTech, 16 rue Claude Bernard, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05, France.
| | - Raphaëlle Ducrot
- French Agricultural Research Centre for International Development (CIRAD), Research Unit on Water Management, Actors & Uses (UMR G-eau), 361 Rue J.F. Breton, BP 5095, Cedex 5 Montpellier, France; IWEGA, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Caixa Postal n. 3647, Maputo, Mozambique.
| | - Nils Ferrand
- French National Research Institute of Science and Technology for Environment and Agriculture (IRSTEA), Research Unit on Water Management, Actors & Uses (UMR G-eau), 361 Rue J.F. Breton, BP 5095, Cedex 5 Montpellier, France.
| | - Olivier Barreteau
- French National Research Institute of Science and Technology for Environment and Agriculture (IRSTEA), Research Unit on Water Management, Actors & Uses (UMR G-eau), 361 Rue J.F. Breton, BP 5095, Cedex 5 Montpellier, France.
| | - Katherine Anne Daniell
- The Australian National University (ANU), Centre for European Studies, #67C, 1 Liversidge St, Acton ACT 2601, Australia.
| | - Jamie Pittock
- The Australian National University (ANU), Fenner School of Environment and Society, 48 Linnaeus Way, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia.
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Hassenforder E, Brugnach M, Cullen B, Ferrand N, Barreteau O, Daniell KA, Pittock J. Managing frame diversity in environmental participatory processes - Example from the Fogera woreda in Ethiopia. J Environ Manage 2016; 177:288-297. [PMID: 27107955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Many participatory processes fail to generate social change and collaborative outcomes. This failure can partly be explained by how divergent stakeholders' frames are handled. This paper builds on the framing and participation literature to explain how facilitators can manage frame diversity and foster collaborative outcomes. It suggests two pragmatic steps: identifying frames and managing frames. The two steps are applied to a participatory process for natural resource management in Fogera, Ethiopia. Effectiveness of facilitators' strategies to manage frame diversity in the Fogera case is discussed. Two main elements challenging effectiveness are identified: counter-strategies used by facilitators and most-powerful stakeholders, and the constraining factors knowledge, champions and frame sponsorship. We argue that these elements need to be taken into account by participatory process facilitators when managing frame diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeline Hassenforder
- French National Research Institute of Science and Technology for Environment and Agriculture (IRSTEA), Water Resource Management, Actors and Uses Joint Research Unit (UMR G-EAU), Montpellier, 361 Rue J.F. Breton, BP 5095 34196, Montpellier Cedex 5, France; AgroParisTech, France; The Australian National University (ANU), Fenner School of Environment and Society, 48 Linnaeus Way, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia.
| | - Marcela Brugnach
- University of Twente, Water Engineering and Management Group, PO Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, Drienerlolaan, 5 7522 NB, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Beth Cullen
- The International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Nils Ferrand
- French National Research Institute of Science and Technology for Environment and Agriculture (IRSTEA), Water Resource Management, Actors and Uses Joint Research Unit (UMR G-EAU), Montpellier, 361 Rue J.F. Breton, BP 5095 34196, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
| | - Olivier Barreteau
- French National Research Institute of Science and Technology for Environment and Agriculture (IRSTEA), Water Resource Management, Actors and Uses Joint Research Unit (UMR G-EAU), Montpellier, 361 Rue J.F. Breton, BP 5095 34196, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
| | - Katherine Anne Daniell
- The Australian National University (ANU), Centre for European Studies, #67C, 1 Liversidge St, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia.
| | - Jamie Pittock
- The Australian National University (ANU), Fenner School of Environment and Society, 48 Linnaeus Way, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia.
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Hassenforder E, Pittock J, Barreteau O, Daniell KA, Ferrand N. The MEPPP Framework: A Framework for Monitoring and Evaluating Participatory Planning Processes. Environ Manage 2016; 57:79-96. [PMID: 26294097 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-015-0599-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Evaluating participatory processes, participatory planning processes especially, can be challenging. Due to their complexity, these processes require a specific approach to evaluation. This paper proposes a framework for evaluating projects that have adopted a participatory planning approach: the monitoring and evaluation of participatory planning processes (MEPPP) framework. The MEPPP framework is applied to one case study, a participatory planning process in the Rwenzori region in Uganda. We suggest that this example can serve as a guideline for researchers and practitioners to set up the monitoring and evaluation of their participatory planning process of interest by following six main phases: (1) description of the case, (2) clarification of the M&E viewpoint(s) and definition of the M&E objective(s), (3) identification of the context, process and outputs/outcomes analytical variables, (4) development of the M&E methods and data collection, (5) data analysis, and (6) sharing of the M&E results. Results of the application of the MEPPP framework in Uganda demonstrate the ability of the framework to tackle the complexity of participatory planning processes. Strengths and limitations of the MEPPP framework are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeline Hassenforder
- Water Resource Management, Actors and Uses Joint Research Unit (UMR G-EAU), Montpellier, National Research Institute of Science and Technology for Environment and Agriculture (IRSTEA), 361 rue J.F. Breton, BP 5095, 34196, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
- AgroParisTech, 19 Avenue du Maine, 75732, Paris Cedex 15, France.
- Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University (ANU), 48 Linnaeus Way, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia.
| | - Jamie Pittock
- Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University (ANU), 48 Linnaeus Way, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Olivier Barreteau
- Water Resource Management, Actors and Uses Joint Research Unit (UMR G-EAU), Montpellier, National Research Institute of Science and Technology for Environment and Agriculture (IRSTEA), 361 rue J.F. Breton, BP 5095, 34196, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Katherine Anne Daniell
- Centre for European Studies, The Australian National University, #67C, 1 Liversidge St, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Nils Ferrand
- Water Resource Management, Actors and Uses Joint Research Unit (UMR G-EAU), Montpellier, National Research Institute of Science and Technology for Environment and Agriculture (IRSTEA), 361 rue J.F. Breton, BP 5095, 34196, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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Hassenforder E, Barreteau O, Daniell KA, Pittock J, Ferrand N. Drivers of Environmental Institutional Dynamics in Decentralized African Countries. Environ Manage 2015; 56:1428-1447. [PMID: 26188407 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-015-0581-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper builds on the assumption that an effective approach to support the sustainability of natural resource management initiatives is institutional "bricolage." We argue that participatory planning processes can foster institutional bricolage by encouraging stakeholders to make their own arrangements based on the hybridization of old and new institutions. This papers aims at identifying how participatory process facilitators can encourage institutional bricolage. Specifically the paper investigates the specific contextual and procedural drivers of institutional dynamics in two case studies: the Rwenzori region in Uganda and the Fogera woreda in Ethiopia. In both cases, participatory planning processes were implemented. This research has three innovative aspects. First, it establishes a clear distinction between six terms which are useful for identifying, describing, and analyzing institutional dynamics: formal and informal; institutions and organizations; and emergence and change. Secondly, it compares the contrasting institutional dynamics in the two case studies. Thirdly, process-tracing is used to identify contextual and procedural drivers to institutional dynamics. We assume that procedural drivers can be used as "levers" by facilitators to trigger institutional bricolage. We found that facilitators need to pay particular attention to the institutional context in which the participatory planning process takes place, and especially at existing institutional gaps or failures. We identified three clusters of procedural levers: the selection and engagement of participants; the legitimacy, knowledge, and ideas of facilitators; and the design of the process, including the scale at which it is developed, the participatory tools used and the management of the diversity of frames.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeline Hassenforder
- Water Resource Management, Actors and Uses Joint Research Unit (UMR G-EAU), National Research Institute of Science and Technology for Environment and Agriculture (IRSTEA), 361 rue J.F. Breton, BP 5095, 34196, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
- AgroParisTech, 19 Avenue du Maine, 75732, Paris Cedex 15, France.
- Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University (ANU), 48 Linnaeus Way, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia.
| | - Olivier Barreteau
- IRSTEA, G-Eau, 361 rue J.F. Breton, BP 5095, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Katherine Anne Daniell
- Centre for European Studies, The Australian National University (ANU), #67C, 1 Liversidge St, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Jamie Pittock
- Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University (ANU), 48 Linnaeus Way, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Nils Ferrand
- IRSTEA, G-Eau, 361 rue J.F. Breton, BP 5095, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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Grafton RQ, Pittock J, Williams J, Jiang Q, Possingham H, Quiggin J. Water planning and hydro-climatic change in the Murray-Darling Basin, Australia. Ambio 2014; 43:1082-1092. [PMID: 24570213 PMCID: PMC4235900 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-014-0495-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Revised: 12/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
More than a third of humanity lives in regions with less than 1 million liters of fresh water per person per year. Population growth will increase water demand while climate change in arid and semi-arid areas may reduce water availability. The Murray-Darling Basin in Australia is a region where water reform and planning have been used to reduce consumptive extraction to better sustain river ecosystems under climate variability. Using actual data and previously published models that account for climate variability and climate change, the trade-off between water extractions and water essential to the long-term ecological function of river systems is analysed. The findings indicate that better water planning and a more complete understanding of the effects of irrigation on regional climate evapotranspiration could: (1) increase the overall benefits of consumptive and non-consumptive water use; (2) improve riparian environments under climate variability; and (3) be achieved with only small effects on the profits and gross value of food and fiber production.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Quentin Grafton
- Crawford School of Public Policy, The Australian National University, Building #132, Lennox Crossing, Acton, ACT, 0200, Australia,
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Mauter MS, Alvarez PJJ, Burton A, Cafaro DC, Chen W, Gregory KB, Jiang G, Li Q, Pittock J, Reible D, Schnoor JL. Regional variation in water-related impacts of shale gas development and implications for emerging international plays. Environ Sci Technol 2014; 48:8298-306. [PMID: 24684515 DOI: 10.1021/es405432k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The unconventional fossil fuel industry is expected to expand dramatically in coming decades as conventional reserves wane. Minimizing the environmental impacts of this energy transition requires a contextualized understanding of the unique regional issues that shale gas development poses. This manuscript highlights the variation in regional water issues associated with shale gas development in the U.S. and the approaches of various states in mitigating these impacts. The manuscript also explores opportunities for emerging international shale plays to leverage the diverse experiences of U.S. states in formulating development strategies that minimize water-related impacts within their environmental, cultural, and political ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan S Mauter
- Chemical Engineering and Engineering & Public Policy, Carnegie Mellon University , 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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Garrick D, De Stefano L, Fung F, Pittock J, Schlager E, New M, Connell D. Managing hydroclimatic risks in federal rivers: a diagnostic assessment. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2013; 371:20120415. [PMID: 24080624 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2012.0415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Hydroclimatic risks and adaptive capacity are not distributed evenly in large river basins of federal countries, where authority is divided across national and territorial governments. Transboundary river basins are a major test of federal systems of governance because key management roles exist at all levels. This paper examines the evolution and design of interstate water allocation institutions in semi-arid federal rivers prone to drought extremes, climatic variability and intensified competition for scarce water. We conceptualize, categorize and compare federal rivers as social-ecological systems to analyse the relationship between governance arrangements and hydroclimatic risks. A diagnostic approach is used to map over 300 federal rivers and classify the hydroclimatic risks of three semi-arid federal rivers with a long history of interstate allocation tensions: the Colorado River (USA/Mexico), Ebro River (Spain) and Murray-Darling River (Australia). Case studies review the evolution and design of water allocation institutions. Three institutional design trends have emerged: adoption of proportional interstate allocation rules; emergence of multi-layered river basin governance arrangements for planning, conflict resolution and joint monitoring; and new flexibility to adjust historic allocation patterns. Proportional allocation rules apportion water between states based on a share of available water, not a fixed volume or priority. Interstate allocation reform efforts in the Colorado and Murray-Darling rivers indicate that proportional allocation rules are prevalent for upstream states, while downstream states seek reliable deliveries of fixed volumes to increase water security. River basin governance arrangements establish new venues for multilayered planning, monitoring and conflict resolution to balance self governance by users and states with basin-wide coordination. Flexibility to adjust historic allocation agreements, without risk of defection or costly court action, also provides adaptive capacity to manage climatic variability and shifting values. Future research should develop evidence about pathways to adaptive capacity in different classes of federal rivers, while acknowledging limits to transferability and the need for context-sensitive design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin Garrick
- School of Geography and the Environment and Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford, , Oxford, UK
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Capon SJ, Chambers LE, Mac Nally R, Naiman RJ, Davies P, Marshall N, Pittock J, Reid M, Capon T, Douglas M, Catford J, Baldwin DS, Stewardson M, Roberts J, Parsons M, Williams SE. Riparian Ecosystems in the 21st Century: Hotspots for Climate Change Adaptation? Ecosystems 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-013-9656-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Pittock J, Lehner B, Li L. River Basin Management to Conserve Wetlands and Water Resources. Wetlands: Functioning, Biodiversity Conservation, and Restoration 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-33189-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Pittock J, Holland R. Strategies to manage stream flow to benefit people and nature: a non-government conservation organisation's perspective. Water Sci Technol 2004; 49:89-95. [PMID: 15195421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
More than for any other biome, freshwater biodiversity is increasingly imperiled, particularly due to poor stream flow management and increasing demand for water diversions. The adoption by the world's governments of targets to extend water services to the poor and at the same time to conserve biodiversity increase the need to better direct investments in freshwater management. In this paper WWF draws on examples from its work to identify areas where investment can be focused to assure efficient water use and improve stream flow management, namely: Prioritize and target those river basins and sub-catchments that are most critical for conservation of freshwater biodiversity to maintain stream flows; Link strategic field, policy and market interventions at different scales in river basins to maximize the impact of interventions; Implement the World Commission on Dams guidelines to minimize investment in large scale and costly infrastructure projects; Apply market mechanisms and incentives for more sustainable production of the world's most water consuming crops Enhance statutory river basin management organizations to draw on their regulatory and financial powers; Implement international agreements, such as the Convention on Wetlands; Integrate environment and development policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pittock
- Sustainable Water Use, Living Waters Programme, World Wide Fund for Nature, PO Box 7, 3700 AA Zeist, The Netherlands.
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