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Miranda-Rodríguez J, López-Schier H. In preprints: theme and variations on hair-cell regeneration in zebrafish. Development 2024; 151:dev204240. [PMID: 39069944 DOI: 10.1242/dev.204240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
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2
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Xie Q, Wang L, Yang S, Yang W, Hu J, Li W, Zhang X, Chen Z. Building adjustment capacity to cope with running water in cultured grass carp through flow stimulation conditions. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8618. [PMID: 38616216 PMCID: PMC11016539 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59270-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The adaptability of cultured fish to complex flow conditions is crucial for their survival after being released into the wild. Running water in natural environments poses significant challenges for the proliferation and release of cultured fish. This study aimed to investigate the effects of flow stimulation on the adjustment capacity of cultured fish to cope with running water. The target fish were cultured grass carp. An annular flume was used to conduct tests on training and control groups. The results demonstrated an enhancement in the adjustment capacity of cultured fish following appropriate flow stimulation training. (1) The trained fish exhibited a heightened preference for low-velocity areas. (2) The trained fish displayed the ability to select a route characterized by low energy consumption, predominantly following the periphery of the low-velocity area. This suggested that an appropriate flow velocity could improve the sensitivity of training fish to water flow information, and their adjustment capacity to cope with running water improved to a certain extent. A higher adjustment capacity allowed them to process flow rate information rapidly and identify a migration strategy with lower energy consumption. This study provides a useful reference for enhancing the survival rate of grass carp through stock enhancement initiatives and contributes to the sustainability of freshwater ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingrong Xie
- National Inland Waterway Regulation Engineering Research Center, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Xufudadao 66, Chongqing, 400074, China
| | - Li Wang
- National Inland Waterway Regulation Engineering Research Center, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Xufudadao 66, Chongqing, 400074, China.
| | - Shengfa Yang
- National Inland Waterway Regulation Engineering Research Center, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Xufudadao 66, Chongqing, 400074, China.
| | - Wei Yang
- National Inland Waterway Regulation Engineering Research Center, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Xufudadao 66, Chongqing, 400074, China
| | - Jiang Hu
- National Inland Waterway Regulation Engineering Research Center, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Xufudadao 66, Chongqing, 400074, China
| | - Wenjie Li
- National Inland Waterway Regulation Engineering Research Center, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Xufudadao 66, Chongqing, 400074, China
| | - Xianbing Zhang
- National Inland Waterway Regulation Engineering Research Center, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Xufudadao 66, Chongqing, 400074, China
| | - Ziwei Chen
- National Inland Waterway Regulation Engineering Research Center, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Xufudadao 66, Chongqing, 400074, China
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3
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Olson HM, Maxfield A, Calistri NL, Heiser LM, Nechiporuk AV. RhoA GEF Mcf2lb regulates rosette integrity during collective cell migration. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.19.537573. [PMID: 37131612 PMCID: PMC10153259 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.19.537573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
During development, multicellular rosettes serve as important cellular intermediates in the formation of diverse organ systems. Multicellular rosettes are transient epithelial structures that are defined by the apical constriction of cells towards the rosette center. Due to the important role these structures play during development, understanding the molecular mechanisms by which rosettes are formed and maintained is of high interest. Utilizing the zebrafish posterior lateral line primordium (pLLP) as a model system, we identify the RhoA GEF Mcf2lb as a regulator of rosette integrity. The pLLP is a group of ~150 cells that migrates along the zebrafish trunk and is organized into epithelial rosettes; these are deposited along the trunk and will differentiate into sensory organs called neuromasts (NMs). Using single-cell RNA sequencing and whole-mount in situ hybridization, we showed that mcf2lb is expressed in the pLLP during migration. Given the known role of RhoA in rosette formation, we asked whether Mcf2lb plays a role in regulating apical constriction of cells within rosettes. Live imaging and subsequent 3D analysis of mcf2lb mutant pLLP cells showed disrupted apical constriction and subsequent rosette organization. This in turn resulted in a unique posterior Lateral Line phenotype: an excess number of deposited NMs along the trunk of the zebrafish. Cell polarity markers ZO-1 and Par-3 were apically localized, indicating that pLLP cells are normally polarized. In contrast, signaling components that mediate apical constriction downstream of RhoA, Rock-2a and non-muscle Myosin II were diminished apically. Altogether our results suggest a model whereby Mcf2lb activates RhoA, which in turn activates downstream signaling machinery to induce and maintain apical constriction in cells incorporated into rosettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M. Olson
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, The Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Amanda Maxfield
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, The Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Nicholas L. Calistri
- Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Laura M. Heiser
- Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Alex V. Nechiporuk
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, The Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA
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4
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O'Sullivan JDB, Bullen A, Mann ZF. Mitochondrial form and function in hair cells. Hear Res 2023; 428:108660. [PMID: 36525891 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2022.108660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Hair cells (HCs) are specialised sensory receptors residing in the neurosensory epithelia of inner ear sense organs. The precise morphological and physiological properties of HCs allow us to perceive sound and interact with the world around us. Mitochondria play a significant role in normal HC function and are also intricately involved in HC death. They generate ATP essential for sustaining the activity of ion pumps, Ca2+ transporters and the integrity of the stereociliary bundle during transduction as well as regulating cytosolic calcium homoeostasis during synaptic transmission. Advances in imaging techniques have allowed us to study mitochondrial populations throughout the HC, and how they interact with other organelles. These analyses have identified distinct mitochondrial populations between the apical and basolateral portions of the HC, in which mitochondrial morphology appears determined by the physiological processes in the different cellular compartments. Studies in HCs across species show that ototoxic agents, ageing and noise damage directly impact mitochondrial structure and function resulting in HC death. Deciphering the molecular mechanisms underlying this mitochondrial sensitivity, and how their morphology relates to their function during HC death, requires that we first understand this relationship in the context of normal HC function.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D B O'Sullivan
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral, Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, U.K
| | - Anwen Bullen
- UCL Ear Institute, University College London, London WC1×8EE, U.K.
| | - Zoë F Mann
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral, Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, U.K.
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5
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Martinez-Rivera N, Serrano-Velez JL, Torres-Vazquez II, Langerhans RB, Rosa-Molinar E. Are superficial neuromasts proprioceptors underlying fast copulatory behavior? Front Neural Circuits 2022; 16:921568. [PMID: 36082109 PMCID: PMC9446510 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2022.921568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In male Poeciliid fishes, the modified anal fin (i.e., gonopodium) and its axial and appendicular support are repositioned within the axial skeleton, creating a novel sexually dimorphic ano-urogenital region. During copulation, the relative location of the gonopodium is crucial for successful insemination. Therefore, the repositioning of these structures and organ relied on the reorganization of the efferent circuitry that controls spinal motor neurons innervating appendicular muscles critical for the movement of the gonopodium, including the fast and synchronous torque-trust motion during insemination attempts. Copulation occurs when a male positions himself largely outside a female's field of view, circumducts his gonopodium, and performs a rapid, complex maneuver to properly contact the female urogenital sinus with the distal tip of the gonopodium and transfers sperm. Although understanding of the efferent circuitry has significantly increased in the last 24 years, nothing is known about the cutaneous receptors involved in gonopodium movement, or how the afferent signals are processed to determine the location of this organ during copulation. Using Western mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis, as our model, we attempt to fill this gap in knowledge. Preliminary data showed cutaneous nerves and sensory neurons innervating superficial neuromasts surrounding the base of adult male gonopodium; those cutaneous nerves projected ventrally from the spinal cord through the 14th dorsal root ganglion and its corresponding ventral root towards the base and fin rays of the gonopodium. We asked what role the cutaneous superficial neuromasts play in controlling the positioning and timing of the gonopodium's fast and synchronous movements for effective sperm transfer. First, we found a greater number of superficial neuromasts surrounding the base of the male's gonopodium compared to the base of the female's anal fin. Second, we systemically removed superficial neuromasts surrounding the gonopodium base and observed significant impairment of the positioning and timing of gonopodial movements. Our findings provide a first step to supporting the following hypothesis: during radical reorganization of the Poeciliid body plan, superficial neuromasts have been partially co-opted as proprioceptors that allow the gonopodium to control precise positioning and timing during copulatory attempts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noraida Martinez-Rivera
- Biological Imaging Group, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
- Biology Department, University of Puerto Rico-Rio Piedras, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- Puerto Rico Center for Environmental Neuroscience, Institute of Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences, Old San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | | | - Irma I. Torres-Vazquez
- Biology Department, University of Puerto Rico-Rio Piedras, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- Bi-campus Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - R. Brian Langerhans
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Eduardo Rosa-Molinar
- Biological Imaging Group, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
- Biology Department, University of Puerto Rico-Rio Piedras, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- Puerto Rico Center for Environmental Neuroscience, Institute of Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences, Old San Juan, Puerto Rico
- Bi-campus Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
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6
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Porfiri M, Zhang P, Peterson SD. Hydrodynamic model of fish orientation in a channel flow. eLife 2022; 11:75225. [PMID: 35666104 PMCID: PMC9292998 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
For over a century, scientists have sought to understand how fish orient against an incoming flow, even without visual and flow cues. Here, we elucidate a potential hydrodynamic mechanism of rheotaxis through the study of the bidirectional coupling between fish and the surrounding fluid. By modeling a fish as a vortex dipole in an infinite channel with an imposed background flow, we establish a planar dynamical system for the cross-stream coordinate and orientation. The system dynamics captures the existence of a critical flow speed for fish to successfully orient while performing cross-stream, periodic sweeping movements. Model predictions are examined in the context of experimental observations in the literature on the rheotactic behavior of fish deprived of visual and lateral line cues. The crucial role of bidirectional hydrodynamic interactions unveiled by this model points at an overlooked limitation of existing experimental paradigms to study rheotaxis in the laboratory. One fascinating and perplexing fact about fish is that they tend to orient themselves and swim against the flow, rather than with it. This phenomenon is called rheotaxis, and it has countless examples, from salmon migrating upstream to lay their eggs to trout drift-foraging in a current. Yet, despite over a century of experimental studies, the mechanisms underlying rheotaxis remain poorly understood. There is general consensus that fish rely on water- and body-motion cues to vision, vestibular, tactile, and other senses. However, several questions remain unanswered, including how blind fish can perform rheotaxis or whether a passive hydrodynamic mechanism can support the phenomenon. One aspect that has been overlooked in studies of rheotaxis is the bidirectional hydrodynamic interaction between the fish and the surrounding flow, that is, how the presence of the fish alters the flow, which, in turn, affects the fish. To address these open questions about rheotaxis, Porfiri, Zhang and Peterson wanted to develop a mathematical model of fish swimming, one that could help understand the passive hydrodynamic pathway that leads to swimming against a flow. Unlike experiments on live animals, a mathematical model offers the ability to remove cues to certain senses without interfering with animal behavior. Porfiri, Zhang and Peterson modeled a fish as a pair of vortices located infinitely close to each other, rotating in opposite directions with the same strength. The vortex pair could freely move through an infinitely long channel with an imposed background flow, devoid of all sensory information expect of that accessed through the lateral line. Analyzing the resulting system revealed that there is a critical speed for the background flow above which the fish successfully orients itself against the flow, resulting in rheotaxis. This critical speed depends on the width of the channel the fish is swimming in. Depriving the fish of sensory information received through the lateral line does not preclude rheotaxis, indicating that rheotaxis could emerge in a completely passive manner. The finding that the critical speed for rheotaxis depends on channel width could improve the design of experiments studying the phenomenon, since this effect could confound experiments where fish are confined in narrow channels. In this vein, Porfiri, Zhang and Peterson’s model could assist biologists in designing experiments detailing the multisensory nature of rheotaxis. Evidence of the importance of bidirectional hydrodynamic interactions on fish orientation may also inform modeling research on fish behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Porfiri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, United States
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, United States
| | - Sean D Peterson
- Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering Department, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
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7
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Gisen DC, Schütz C, Weichert RB. Development of behavioral rules for upstream orientation of fish in confined space. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263964. [PMID: 35180239 PMCID: PMC8856537 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Improving the effectiveness of fishways requires a better understanding of fish behavior near hydraulic structures, especially of upstream orientation. One of the most promising approaches to this problem is the use of model behavioral rules. We developed a three-dimensional individual-based model based on observed brown trout (Salmo trutta fario) movement in a laboratory flume and tested it against two hydraulically different flume setups. We used the model to examine which of five behavioral rule versions would best explain upstream trout orientation. The versions differed in the stimulus for swim angle selection. The baseline stimulus was positive rheotaxis with a random component. It was supplemented by attraction towards either lower velocity magnitude, constant turbulence kinetic energy, increased flow acceleration, or shorter wall distance. We found that the baseline stimulus version already explained large parts of the observed behavior. Mixed results for velocity magnitude, turbulence kinetic energy, and flow acceleration indicated that the brown trout did not orient primarily by means of these flow features. The wall distance version produced significantly improved results, suggesting that wall distance was the dominant orientation stimulus for brown trout in our hydraulic conditions. The absolute root mean square error (RMSE) was small for the best parameter set (RMSE = 9 for setup 1, RMSE = 6 for setup 2). Our best explanation for these results is dominance of the visual sense favored by absence of challenging hydraulic stimuli. We conclude that under similar conditions (moderate flow and visible walls), wall distance could be a relevant stimulus in confined space, particularly for fishway studies and design in IBMs, laboratory, and the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C. Gisen
- Waterways and environment unit, Bundesanstalt für Wasserbau, Karlsruhe, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Cornelia Schütz
- Animal ecology unit, Bundesanstalt für Gewässerkunde, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Roman B. Weichert
- Waterways and environment unit, Bundesanstalt für Wasserbau, Karlsruhe, Germany
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8
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Chen Z, Zhu S, Kindig K, Wang S, Chou SW, Davis RW, Dercoli MR, Weaver H, Stepanyan R, McDermott BM. Tmc proteins are essential for zebrafish hearing where Tmc1 is not obligatory. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:2004-2021. [PMID: 32167554 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Perception of sound is initiated by mechanically gated ion channels at the tips of stereocilia. Mature mammalian auditory hair cells require transmembrane channel-like 1 (TMC1) for mechanotransduction, and mutations of the cognate genetic sequences result in dominant or recessive heritable deafness forms in humans and mice. In contrast, zebrafish lateral line hair cells, which detect water motion, require Tmc2a and Tmc2b. Here, we use standard and multiplex genome editing in conjunction with functional and behavioral assays to determine the reliance of zebrafish hearing and vestibular organs on Tmc proteins. Surprisingly, our approach using multiple mutant alleles demonstrates that hearing in zebrafish is not dependent on Tmc1, nor is it fully dependent on Tmc2a and Tmc2b. Hearing however is absent in triple-mutant zebrafish that lack Tmc1, Tmc2a and Tmc2b. These outcomes reveal a striking resemblance of Tmc protein reliance in the vestibular sensory epithelia of mammals to the maculae of zebrafish. Moreover, our findings disclose a logic of Tmc use where hearing depends on a complement of Tmc proteins beyond those employed to sense water motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongwei Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.,Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Shaoyuan Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.,Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Kayla Kindig
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.,Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Shengxuan Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.,Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Shih-Wei Chou
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.,Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Robin Woods Davis
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.,Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Michael R Dercoli
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.,Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Hannah Weaver
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.,Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Ruben Stepanyan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.,Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Brian M McDermott
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.,Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.,Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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9
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Rgs4 is a regulator of mTOR activity required for motoneuron axon outgrowth and neuronal development in zebrafish. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13338. [PMID: 34172795 PMCID: PMC8233358 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92758-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Regulator of G protein signaling 4 (Rgs4) is a member of the RGS proteins superfamily that modulates the activity of G-protein coupled receptors. It is mainly expressed in the nervous system and is linked to several neuronal signaling pathways; however, its role in neural development in vivo remains inconclusive. Here, we generated and characterized a rgs4 loss of function model (MZrgs4) in zebrafish. MZrgs4 embryos showed motility defects and presented reduced head and eye sizes, reflecting defective motoneurons axon outgrowth and a significant decrease in the number of neurons in the central and peripheral nervous system. Forcing the expression of Rgs4 specifically within motoneurons rescued their early defective outgrowth in MZrgs4 embryos, indicating an autonomous role for Rgs4 in motoneurons. We also analyzed the role of Akt, Erk and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling cascades and showed a requirement for these pathways in motoneurons axon outgrowth and neuronal development. Drawing on pharmacological and rescue experiments in MZrgs4, we provide evidence that Rgs4 facilitates signaling mediated by Akt, Erk and mTOR in order to drive axon outgrowth in motoneurons and regulate neuronal numbers.
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10
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Li G, Sun S, Liu H, Zheng T. Schizothorax prenanti swimming behavior in response to different flow patterns in vertical slot fishways with different slot positions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 754:142142. [PMID: 33254860 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fish swimming behavior is a critical parameter for the design of vertical slot fishways. Although Schizothorax prenanti is a significant reproductive potamodromous migratory fish species in the upper reaches of the rivers in Southwest China, its swimming behavior has not been extensively researched. Therefore, in this study, a comparative experiment was conducted in vertical slot fishways to analyze the behavior of Schizothorax prenanti in response to different flow patterns, with respect to different slot positions. The experimental model was designed with a length scale of 1:4, and a method for selecting the appropriate fish size in the scaled physical model was proposed. Based on these experiments, it was found that the typical upstream trajectories of Schizothorax prenanti are traceable to the sidewall of the pool, which are characterized by low velocity and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE). The hydraulic variables exhibited an asymmetric distribution within the vertical slot, and the fish were found to pass through the area with the lowest velocity and TKE. A flow pattern with a guide wall length-to-pool width ratio of P/B = 0.25, in which Schizothorax prenanti can immediately find the sidewall, is suitable for fish migration. Therefore, this is the recommended value for the construction of effective vertical-slot fishway structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangning Li
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, A-1 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Shuangke Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, A-1 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100038, China.
| | - Haitao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, A-1 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Tiegang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, A-1 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100038, China
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11
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Zhu Y, Tian FB, Young J, Liao JC, Lai JCS. A numerical study of fish adaption behaviors in complex environments with a deep reinforcement learning and immersed boundary-lattice Boltzmann method. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1691. [PMID: 33462281 PMCID: PMC7814145 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81124-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fish adaption behaviors in complex environments are of great importance in improving the performance of underwater vehicles. This work presents a numerical study of the adaption behaviors of self-propelled fish in complex environments by developing a numerical framework of deep learning and immersed boundary-lattice Boltzmann method (IB-LBM). In this framework, the fish swimming in a viscous incompressible flow is simulated with an IB-LBM which is validated by conducting two benchmark problems including a uniform flow over a stationary cylinder and a self-propelled anguilliform swimming in a quiescent flow. Furthermore, a deep recurrent Q-network (DRQN) is incorporated with the IB-LBM to train the fish model to adapt its motion to optimally achieve a specific task, such as prey capture, rheotaxis and Kármán gaiting. Compared to existing learning models for fish, this work incorporates the fish position, velocity and acceleration into the state space in the DRQN; and it considers the amplitude and frequency action spaces as well as the historical effects. This framework makes use of the high computational efficiency of the IB-LBM which is of crucial importance for the effective coupling with learning algorithms. Applications of the proposed numerical framework in point-to-point swimming in quiescent flow and position holding both in a uniform stream and a Kármán vortex street demonstrate the strategies used to adapt to different situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhu
- School of Engineering and Information Technology, University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
| | - Fang-Bao Tian
- School of Engineering and Information Technology, University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia.
| | - John Young
- School of Engineering and Information Technology, University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
| | - James C Liao
- Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 332611, USA
| | - Joseph C S Lai
- School of Engineering and Information Technology, University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
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12
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Olson HM, Nechiporuk AV. Lamellipodia-like protrusions and focal adhesions contribute to collective cell migration in zebrafish. Dev Biol 2020; 469:125-134. [PMID: 33096063 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Collective cell migration is a process where cohorts of cells exhibit coordinated migratory behavior. During individual and collective cellular migration, cells must extend protrusions to interact with the extracellular environment, sense chemotactic cues, and act as points of attachment. The mechanisms and regulators of protrusive behavior have been widely studied in individually migrating cells; however, how this behavior is regulated throughout collectives is not well understood. To address this, we used the zebrafish posterior lateral line primordium (pLLP) as a model. The pLLP is a cluster of ~150 cells that migrates along the zebrafish trunk, depositing groups of cells that will become sensory organs. To define protrusive behavior, we performed mosaic analysis to sparsely label pLLP cells with a transgene marking filamentous actin. This approach revealed an abundance of brush-like protrusions throughout the pLLP that orient in the direction of migration. Formation of these protrusions depends on the Arp2/3 complex, a regulator of dendritic actin. This argues that these brush-like protrusions are an in vivo example of lamellipodia. Mosaic analysis demonstrated that these lamellipodia-like protrusions are located in a close proximity to the overlying skin. Immunostaining revealed an abundance of focal adhesion complexes surrounding the pLLP. Disruption of these complexes specifically in pLLP cells led to impaired pLLP migration. Finally, we show that Erk signaling, a known regulator of focal adhesions, is required for proper formation of lamellipodia-like protrusions and pLLP migration. Altogether, our results suggest a model where the coordinated dynamics of lamellipodia-like protrusions, making contact with either the overlying skin or the extracellular matrix through focal adhesions, promotes migration of pLLP cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M Olson
- Department Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, The Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Alex V Nechiporuk
- Department Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, The Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, USA.
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13
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A Novel Active Peptide from Rapana venosa Protects Against Gentamicin-Induced Sensory Hair Cell Loss in Zebrafish. Int J Pept Res Ther 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-020-10114-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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14
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Xu Y, Zhang Z, Tang Y, Pan J, Zhang L, Wang P, Tong L. Bio-inspired flow rate sensor based on optical microfiber embedded soft film. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:21359-21367. [PMID: 32752415 DOI: 10.1364/oe.394051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by superficial neuromasts in the lateral line of fish for the sensing of flow rate, we report a bionic optical microfiber flow rate sensor by embedding a U-shaped microfiber into a thin PDMS film. When immersed into liquid, the PDMS film is deflected by the flowing liquid, resulting in a bending-dependent transmittance change of the embedded microfiber which is directly related to the flow rate of the liquid. The flow rate sensor exhibits a low detection limit (< 0.05 L/min), a high resolution (0.005 L/min), and a fast response time (12 ms). In addition, the sensitivity and working range of the sensor are tunable in a wide range via adjusting the thickness of PDMS film, the microfiber diameter, and/or the working wavelength.
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15
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Kerr JR, Kemp PS. Masking a fish's detection of environmental stimuli: application to improving downstream migration at river infrastructure. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2019; 95:228-237. [PMID: 30251260 PMCID: PMC7379693 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
According to Signal Detection Theory, the ability to detect a stimulus (discriminability, d') is inversely related to the magnitude of internal and external noise. In this study, downstream moving brown trout Salmo trutta were used to investigate whether external hydrodynamic noise (in this case turbulence) could mask a signal that induced an unwanted response, such as rejecting accelerating velocity gradients commonly encountered at entrances to fish bypass channels. S. trutta behaviour was quantified in the absence (control) or presence of an accelerating velocity gradient created by an unconstricted or constricted channel, respectively, under two levels (low and high) of background turbulent kinetic energy (hydrodynamic noise). Experiments were conducted in an indoor recirculating flume in the dark and a range of passage metrics were quantified. Under the control condition, most (ca. 91%) S. trutta passed, usually oriented downstream (67%), with minimal delay (median 0.13 min). In comparison, fewer S. trutta (ca. 43%) passed under constricted conditions, they tended to orient facing into the flow (ca. 64%) and delay was greater (median > 20 min). When viewed from a coarse-scale perspective, discriminability of the velocity gradient was lower when turbulence was high suggesting masking of the signal occurred. However, the resulting increase in the percentage of fish that passed, decrease in time to pass and reduction in the distance at which S. trutta reacted (switched orientation) was subtle and non-significant. Despite the mixed results obtained, the use of masking to manipulate an animal's perception of environmental stimuli as a fisheries management tool is conceptually valid and the results of this experiment present a useful stepping stone for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R. Kerr
- International Centre for Ecohydraulics Research, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Department of Civil, Maritime and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - Paul S. Kemp
- International Centre for Ecohydraulics Research, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Department of Civil, Maritime and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
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16
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Mussen TD, Cech JJ. Assessing the use of vibrations and strobe lights at fish screens as enhanced deterrents for two estuarine fishes. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2019; 95:238-246. [PMID: 30101978 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The role of vision and the lateral-line system in fish-screen avoidance behaviours was investigated in shiner surfperch Cymatogaster aggregata and staghorn sculpin Leptocottus armatus. Avoidance experiments were conducted in front of water-diversion-type wedge-wire fish screens in a laboratory flume with a 0.3 m s-1 water velocity. Fish contacted the screens less frequently during the day than night, indicating that fish screen avoidance is visually mediated during the day. Input from the fishes' lateral-line systems was also blocked with streptomycin-sulphate treatments during the night to determine if these fishes use mechanoreceptive cues to guide screen avoidance in darkened conditions. Streptomycin-treated and untreated fish had similar contact rates suggesting that mechanoreceptive guidance was not increasing the fishes' abilities to avoid contact with non-vibrating screens at night. Fishes were stained with 2-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)-N-ethylpyridinium iodide (DASPEI) to assess the streptomycin treatment's effectiveness. We also tested the fishes' ability to avoid contact with the screens at night, when a strobe light or industrial vibrator was operated on the screens, to respectively increase the screen's visual and mechanoreceptory guidance potential. Cymatogaster aggregata contacted the screens significantly less frequently when they were vibrating, compared with their night-time controls, suggesting useful mechanoreceptive guidance. Leptocottus armatus contacted the screens significantly less frequently under strobe-light illumination, compared with their night-time controls, suggesting useful visual guidance. This research should benefit fishery and water-resource managers, regarding the development of future fish-protection decisions at screened water diversions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D Mussen
- Sacramento Regional County Sanitation District, Sacramento, California
| | - Joseph J Cech
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, California
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17
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Rah YC, Park S, Koun S, Park HC, Choi J. In vivo assay of the ethanol-induced embryonic hair cell loss and the protective role of the retinoic and folic acid in zebrafish larvae (Danio rerio). Alcohol 2019; 75:113-121. [PMID: 30640074 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In reference to the auditory manifestation of fetal alcohol syndrome, previous work has preferentially focused on the deviant neural development of the auditory system. Changes in the sensory hair cell, the ultimate sensory organ, were not well understood. In this study, we carried out an in vivo assessment of the embryonic hair cell changes on the lateral line of zebrafish upon exposure to various ethanol concentrations (0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1.0%). A significant decrease in the hair cell count was confirmed as the ethanol concentration increased. Long-term observation (up to 240 hours post-fertilization [hpf]) suggested an irreversible hair cell loss with little chance of a simple delayed development. For an underlying biological process, a significant increase of hair cell apoptosis and a significant decrease of cytoplasmic mitochondria were confirmed as the ethanol concentration increased. Co-treatment with retinoic (0.1 nM) or folic (0.1 mM) acid with the same concentrations of ethanol resulted in significant increases in the remaining hair cells, compared to the ethanol-only treatment group, for every ethanol concentration. The retinoic acid provided more effective protection over folic acid, resulting in no significant changes in hair cell counts for every ethanol concentration (except 1.0%), compared with that of the negative control (without chemical treatment). Hair cell counts in every ethanol concentration were significantly lower than those in negative controls without chemical treatment after folic acid co-treatment. In conclusion, gestational ethanol exposure causes developmental sensory hair cell loss. Potential underlying mechanisms include retinoic or folic acid deficiency, and mitochondrial damage with subsequent hair cell apoptosis. Hair cell loss could possibly be prevented by administering either retinoic or folic acid, with retinoic acid supplementation as the preferred treatment.
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18
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Olson HM, Nechiporuk AV. Using Zebrafish to Study Collective Cell Migration in Development and Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:83. [PMID: 30175096 PMCID: PMC6107837 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular migration is necessary for proper embryonic development as well as maintenance of adult health. Cells can migrate individually or in groups in a process known as collective cell migration. Collectively migrating cohorts maintain cell-cell contacts, group polarization, and exhibit coordinated behavior. This mode of migration is important during numerous developmental processes including tracheal branching, blood vessel sprouting, neural crest cell migration and others. In the adult, collective cell migration is important for proper wound healing and is often misappropriated during cancer cell invasion. A variety of genetic model systems are used to examine and define the cellular and molecular mechanisms behind collective cell migration including border cell migration and tracheal branching in Drosophila melanogaster, neural crest cell migration in chick and Xenopus embryos, and posterior lateral line primordium (pLLP) migration in zebrafish. The pLLP is a group of about 100 cells that begins migrating around 22 hours post-fertilization along the lateral aspect of the trunk of the developing embryo. During migration, clusters of cells are deposited from the trailing end of the pLLP; these ultimately differentiate into mechanosensory organs of the lateral line system. As zebrafish embryos are transparent during early development and the pLLP migrates close to the surface of the skin, this system can be easily visualized and manipulated in vivo. These advantages together with the amenity to advance genetic methods make the zebrafish pLLP one of the premier model systems for studying collective cell migration. This review will describe the cellular behaviors and signaling mechanisms of the pLLP and compare the pLLP to collective cell migration in other popular model systems. In addition, we will examine how this type of migration is hijacked by collectively invading cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M Olson
- Department Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, The Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Alex V Nechiporuk
- Department Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, The Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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19
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Hair cell identity establishes labeled lines of directional mechanosensation. PLoS Biol 2018; 16:e2004404. [PMID: 30024872 PMCID: PMC6067750 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2004404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Directional mechanoreception by hair cells is transmitted to the brain via afferent neurons to enable postural control and rheotaxis. Neuronal tuning to individual directions of mechanical flow occurs when each peripheral axon selectively synapses with multiple hair cells of identical planar polarization. How such mechanosensory labeled lines are established and maintained remains unsolved. Here, we use the zebrafish lateral line to reveal that asymmetric activity of the transcription factor Emx2 diversifies hair cell identity to instruct polarity-selective synaptogenesis. Unexpectedly, presynaptic scaffolds and coherent hair cell orientation are dispensable for synaptic selectivity, indicating that epithelial planar polarity and synaptic partner matching are separable. Moreover, regenerating axons recapitulate synapses with hair cells according to Emx2 expression but not global orientation. Our results identify a simple cellular algorithm that solves the selectivity task even in the presence of noise generated by the frequent receptor cell turnover. They also suggest that coupling connectivity patterns to cellular identity rather than polarity relaxes developmental and evolutionary constraints to innervation of organs with differing orientation. Mechanosensory systems are essential for maintaining posture, gaze, and body orientation during locomotion. Such stability requires a coherent representation in the brain of the location and movement of mechanical stimuli. In fishes, mechanical stimuli at a given position activate direction-sensitive receptors called hair cells that are oriented with polarized directionality. These hair cells stimulate neurons that selectively connect with them based on polarity. We have addressed how neurons target hair cells based on polarity during development of the mechanosensory lateral line system in zebrafish. We show that neurons selectively connect based on the expression pattern of the transcription factor Emx2 in hair cells. We find that the lateral line can maintain directionality after damage and regeneration. Our data suggest a cellular mechanism that controls the formation, maintenance, and regeneration of labeled lines to enable directional mechanosensation.
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20
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He Y, Cai C, Sun S, Wang X, Li W, Li H. Effect of JNK inhibitor SP600125 on hair cell regeneration in zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae. Oncotarget 2018; 7:51640-51650. [PMID: 27438150 PMCID: PMC5239503 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK) proteins are a subgroup of the mitogen-activated protein kinase family. They play a complex role in cell proliferation, survival, and apoptosis. Here, we report a novel role of JNK signalling in hair cell regeneration. We eliminated hair cells of 5-day post-fertilization zebrafish larvae using neomycin followed by JNK inhibition with SP600125. JNK inhibition strongly decreased the number of regenerated hair cells in response to neomycin damage. These changes were associated with reduced proliferation. JNK inhibition also increased cleaved caspase-3 activity and induced apoptosis in regenerating neuromasts. Finally, JNK inhibition with SP600125 decreased the expression of genes related to Wnt. Over-activation of the Wnt signalling pathway partly rescued the hair cell regeneration defects induced by JNK inhibition. Together, our findings provide novel insights into the function of JNK and show that JNK inhibition blocks hair cell regeneration by controlling the Wnt signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzi He
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Key Laboratory of Hearing Science, Ministry of Health, EENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory Center, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengfu Cai
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shaoyang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyan Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Key Laboratory of Hearing Science, Ministry of Health, EENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huawei Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Key Laboratory of Hearing Science, Ministry of Health, EENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Stem Cell and Regeneration Medicine, Institutions of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Hearing Science, Ministry of Health, EENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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21
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Cardinal EA, Radford CA, Mensinger AF. The potential for the anterior lateral line to function for sound localization in toadfish (Opsanus tau). J Exp Biol 2018; 221:jeb.180679. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.180679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Male oyster toadfish (Opsanus tau) acoustically attract females to nesting sites using a boatwhistle call. The rapid speed of sound underwater combined with the close proximity of the otolithic organs makes inner ear interaural time differences an unlikely mechanism to localize sound. To determine the role that the mechanosensory lateral line may play in sound localization, microwire electrodes were bilaterally implanted into the anterior lateral line nerve to record neural responses to vibrational stimuli. Highest spike rates and strongest phase-locking occurred at distances close to the fish and decreased as the stimulus was moved further from the fish. Bilateral anterior lateral line neuromasts displayed differential directional sensitivity to incoming vibrational stimuli, which suggests the potential for the lateral line to be used for sound localization in the near field. The present study also demonstrates that the spatially separated neuromasts of the toadfish may provide sufficient time delays between sensory organs for determining sound localization cues. Multimodal sensory input processing through both the inner ear (far field) and lateral line (near field) may allow for effective sound localization in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A. Cardinal
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
- Biology Department, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
| | - Craig A. Radford
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
- Leigh Marine Laboratory, Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, Warkworth 0941, New Zealand
| | - Allen F. Mensinger
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
- Biology Department, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
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22
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Dalle Nogare D, Chitnis AB. A framework for understanding morphogenesis and migration of the zebrafish posterior Lateral Line primordium. Mech Dev 2017; 148:69-78. [PMID: 28460893 PMCID: PMC10993927 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A description of zebrafish posterior Lateral Line (pLL) primordium development at single cell resolution together with the dynamics of Wnt, FGF, Notch and chemokine signaling in this system has allowed us to develop a framework to understand the self-organization of cell fate, morphogenesis and migration during its early development. The pLL primordium migrates under the skin, from near the ear to the tip of the tail, periodically depositing neuromasts. Nascent neuromasts, or protoneuromasts, form sequentially within the migrating primordium, mature, and are deposited from its trailing end. Initially broad Wnt signaling inhibits protoneuromast formation. However, protoneuromasts form sequentially in response to FGF signaling, starting from the trailing end, in the wake of a progressively shrinking Wnt system. While proliferation adds to the number of cells, the migrating primordium progressively shrinks as its trailing cells stop moving and are deposited. As it shrinks, the length of the migrating primordium correlates with the length of the leading Wnt system. Based on these observations we show how measuring the rate at which the Wnt system shrinks, the proliferation rate, the initial size of the primordium, its speed, and a few additional parameters allows us to predict the pattern of neuromast formation and deposition by the migrating primordium in both wild-type and mutant contexts. While the mechanism that links the length of the leading Wnt system to that of the primordium remains unclear, we discuss how it might be determined by access to factors produced in the leading Wnt active zone that are required for collective migration of trailing cells. We conclude by reviewing how FGFs, produced in response to Wnt signaling in leading cells, help determine collective migration of trailing cells, while a polarized response to a self-generated chemokine gradient serves as an efficient mechanism to steer primordium migration along its relatively long journey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Dalle Nogare
- Section on Neural Developmental Dynamics, Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ajay B Chitnis
- Section on Neural Developmental Dynamics, Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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23
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Reynolds AM, Reynolds DR, Sane SP, Hu G, Chapman JW. Orientation in high-flying migrant insects in relation to flows: mechanisms and strategies. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2017; 371:rstb.2015.0392. [PMID: 27528782 PMCID: PMC4992716 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2015.0392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
High-flying insect migrants have been shown to display sophisticated flight orientations that can, for example, maximize distance travelled by exploiting tailwinds, and reduce drift from seasonally optimal directions. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the theoretical and empirical evidence for the mechanisms underlying the selection and maintenance of the observed flight headings, and the detection of wind direction and speed, for insects flying hundreds of metres above the ground. Different mechanisms may be used—visual perception of the apparent ground movement or mechanosensory cues maintained by intrinsic features of the wind—depending on circumstances (e.g. day or night migrations). In addition to putative turbulence-induced velocity, acceleration and temperature cues, we present a new mathematical analysis which shows that ‘jerks’ (the time-derivative of accelerations) can provide indicators of wind direction at altitude. The adaptive benefits of the different orientation strategies are briefly discussed, and we place these new findings for insects within a wider context by comparisons with the latest research on other flying and swimming organisms. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Moving in a moving medium: new perspectives on flight’.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy M Reynolds
- Computational and Systems Biology Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Don R Reynolds
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham, Kent ME4 4TB, UK Department of Agroecology, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Sanjay P Sane
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore 560 065, Karnataka, India
| | - Gao Hu
- Department of Agroecology, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jason W Chapman
- Department of Agroecology, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9EZ, UK Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9EZ, UK
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24
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Use of navigation channels by Lake Sturgeon: Does channelization increase vulnerability of fish to ship strikes? PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179791. [PMID: 28678798 PMCID: PMC5497965 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Channelization for navigation and flood control has altered the hydrology and bathymetry of many large rivers with unknown consequences for fish species that undergo riverine migrations. In this study, we investigated whether altered flow distributions and bathymetry associated with channelization attracted migrating Lake Sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) into commercial navigation channels, potentially increasing their exposure to ship strikes. To address this question, we quantified and compared Lake Sturgeon selection for navigation channels vs. alternative pathways in two multi-channel rivers differentially affected by channelization, but free of barriers to sturgeon movement. Acoustic telemetry was used to quantify Lake Sturgeon movements. Under the assumption that Lake Sturgeon navigate by following primary flow paths, acoustic-tagged Lake Sturgeon in the more-channelized lower Detroit River were expected to choose navigation channels over alternative pathways and to exhibit greater selection for navigation channels than conspecifics in the less-channelized lower St. Clair River. Consistent with these predictions, acoustic-tagged Lake Sturgeon in the more-channelized lower Detroit River selected the higher-flow and deeper navigation channels over alternative migration pathways, whereas in the less-channelized lower St. Clair River, individuals primarily used pathways alternative to navigation channels. Lake Sturgeon selection for navigation channels as migratory pathways also was significantly higher in the more-channelized lower Detroit River than in the less-channelized lower St. Clair River. We speculated that use of navigation channels over alternative pathways would increase the spatial overlap of commercial vessels and migrating Lake Sturgeon, potentially enhancing their vulnerability to ship strikes. Results of our study thus demonstrated an association between channelization and the path use of migrating Lake Sturgeon that could prove important for predicting sturgeon-vessel interactions in navigable rivers as well as for understanding how fish interact with their habitat in landscapes altered by human activity.
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25
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Park C, Ji HM, Kim SJ, Kil SH, Lee JN, Kwak S, Choe SK, Park R. Fenofibrate exerts protective effects against gentamicin-induced toxicity in cochlear hair cells by activating antioxidant enzymes. Int J Mol Med 2017; 39:960-968. [PMID: 28290603 PMCID: PMC5360428 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.2916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fenofibrate, an activator of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), has been shown to protect the kidneys and brain cells from oxidative stress; however, its role in preventing hearing loss has not been reported to date, at least to the best of our knowledge. In this study, we demonstrated the protective effects of fenofibrate against gentamicin (GM)-induced ototoxicity. We found that the auditory brainstem response threshold which was increased by GM was significantly reduced by pre-treatment with fenofibrate in rats. In cochlear explants, the disruption of hair cell layers by GM was also markedly attenuated by pre-treatment with fenofibrate. In addition, fenofibrate almost completely abolished GM-induced reactive oxygen species generation, which seemed to be mediated at least in part by the restoration of the expression of PPAR-α-dependent antioxidant enzymes, including catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-1. Of note, fenofibrate markedly increased the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) which was also induced to a certain degree by GM alone. The induced expression of HO-1 by fenofibrate appeared to be essential for mediating the protective effects of fenofibrate, as the inhibition of HO-1 activity significantly diminished the protective effects of fenofibrate against the GM-mediated death of sensory hair cells in cochlea explant culture, as well as in zebrafish neuromasts. These results suggest that fenofibrate protects sensory hair cells from GM-induced toxicity by upregulating PPAR-α-dependent antioxidant enzymes, including HO-1. Our results provide insight into the preventive therapy for hearing loss caused by aminoglycoside antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Channy Park
- Department of Microbiology and Center for Metabolic Function Regulation, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Min Ji
- Department of Microbiology and Center for Metabolic Function Regulation, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Jin Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Center for Metabolic Function Regulation, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Kil
- Division of Cell Biology and Genetics, House Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90057, USA
| | - Joon No Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Center for Metabolic Function Regulation, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongae Kwak
- Zoonosis Research Center, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Kyu Choe
- Department of Microbiology and Center for Metabolic Function Regulation, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Raekil Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
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Ionizing Radiation Blocks Hair Cell Regeneration in Zebrafish Lateral Line Neuromasts by Preventing Wnt Signaling. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:1639-1651. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0430-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Cresci A, De Rosa R, Putman NF, Agnisola C. Earth-strength magnetic field affects the rheotactic threshold of zebrafish swimming in shoals. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2017; 204:169-176. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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DePasquale JA. Dynamic apical surface rings in superficial layer cells of koi Cyprinus carpio scale epidermis. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2016; 89:1740-1753. [PMID: 27412047 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the novel ring-shaped structures found in the apical surface of individual cells of the scale epidermis of koi Cyprinus carpio. These apical rings are highly dynamic structures with lifetimes ranging from a few to several minutes. While several ring forms were observed, the predominant ring morphology is circular or oval. Two distinct ring forms were identified and designated type I and type II. Type I rings have a well-defined outer border that encircles the surface microridges. Type II rings are smooth-surfaced, dinner-plate-like structures with membranous folds or compressed microridges in the centre. Type II rings appear less frequently than type I rings. Type I rings form spontaneously, arising from swollen or physically interrupted microridges but without initially perturbing the encircled microridges. After persisting for up to several minutes the ring closes in a centripetal movement to form a circular or irregular-shaped structure, the terminal disc. The terminal disc eventually disappears, leaving behind a submembranous vesicle-like structure, the terminal body. Type I rings can undergo multiple cycles of formation and closing. Recycling epidermal apical rings form through centrifugal expansion from the terminal disc followed by apparent contraction back to the disc structure, whereupon the cycle may repeat or cease. The findings demonstrate a novel skin surface structure in fishes and are discussed with respect to communication with the external aqueous environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A DePasquale
- Morphogenyx Inc., P. O. Box 717, East Northport, NY, 11731, U.S.A
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Schabetsberger R, Miller MJ, Dall’Olmo G, Kaiser R, Økland F, Watanabe S, Aarestrup K, Tsukamoto K. The hydrographic features of anguillid spawning areas: potential signposts for migrating eels. MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES 2016; 554:141-155. [PMID: 33184524 PMCID: PMC7116345 DOI: 10.3354/meps11824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Catadromous anguillid eels (Genus Anguilla) migrate from their freshwater or estuarine habitats to marine spawning areas. Evidence from satellite tagging studies indicates that tropical and temperate eel species exhibit pronounced diel vertical migrations between 150 to 300 m nighttime depths to 600 to 800 m during the day. Collections of eggs and larvae of Japanese eels (A. japonica) show they may spawn at these upper nighttime migration depths. How anguillid eels navigate through the ocean and find their spawning areas remains unknown, so this study describes the salinity, temperature and geostrophic currents between 0 and 800 m depths within two confirmed and three hypothetical anguillid spawning areas during likely spawning seasons. Within all four ocean gyres many eels would encounter subducted 'Subtropical Underwater' during their nighttime ascents that could provide odor plumes as signposts. Four spawning areas are located near the western margins of where subducted water masses form cores of elevated salinities (~35.0 to 36.8) around 150 m depths, while one is found near the center of subduction. Low salinity surface waters and fronts are present in some of the areas above the high-salinity cores. Spawning may occur at temperatures between 16 to 24°C where the thermocline locally deepens. At spawning depths, weak westward currents (~0 to 0.1 m s-1) prevail, and eastward surface countercurrents are present. Anguillid eels possess acute sensory capabilities to detect these hydrographic features as potential signposts guiding them to where they spawn.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael J. Miller
- College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa 52-0880, Japan
| | | | - Roland Kaiser
- University of Salzburg, Department of Cell Biology, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Finn Økland
- The Norwegian Institute of Nature Research, 7047 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Shun Watanabe
- College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa 52-0880, Japan
| | - Kim Aarestrup
- Technical University of Denmark, National Institute of Aquatic Resources,8600 Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Katsumi Tsukamoto
- College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa 52-0880, Japan
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Piper AT, Manes C, Siniscalchi F, Marion A, Wright RM, Kemp PS. Response of seaward-migrating European eel (Anguilla anguilla) to manipulated flow fields. Proc Biol Sci 2016; 282:rspb.2015.1098. [PMID: 26136454 PMCID: PMC4528561 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.1098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic structures (e.g. weirs and dams) fragment river networks and restrict the movement of migratory fish. Poor understanding of behavioural response to hydrodynamic cues at structures currently limits the development of effective barrier mitigation measures. This study aimed to assess the effect of flow constriction and associated flow patterns on eel behaviour during downstream migration. In a field experiment, we tracked the movements of 40 tagged adult European eels (Anguilla anguilla) through the forebay of a redundant hydropower intake under two manipulated hydrodynamic treatments. Interrogation of fish trajectories in relation to measured and modelled water velocities provided new insights into behaviour, fundamental for developing passage technologies for this endangered species. Eels rarely followed direct routes through the site. Initially, fish aligned with streamlines near the channel banks and approached the intake semi-passively. A switch to more energetically costly avoidance behaviours occurred on encountering constricted flow, prior to physical contact with structures. Under high water velocity gradients, fish then tended to escape rapidly back upstream, whereas exploratory ‘search’ behaviour was common when acceleration was low. This study highlights the importance of hydrodynamics in informing eel behaviour. This offers potential to develop behavioural guidance, improve fish passage solutions and enhance traditional physical screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam T. Piper
- International Centre for Ecohydraulics Research, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- e-mail:
| | - Costantino Manes
- International Centre for Ecohydraulics Research, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Fabio Siniscalchi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padua, via Marzolo 9, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Andrea Marion
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padua, via Marzolo 9, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Rosalind M. Wright
- Environment Agency, Rivers House, Threshelfords Business Park, Inworth Road, Feering CO5 9SE, UK
| | - Paul S. Kemp
- International Centre for Ecohydraulics Research, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
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Vanderpham JP, Nakagawa S, Senior AM, Closs GP. Habitat-related specialization of lateral-line system morphology in a habitat-generalist and a habitat-specialist New Zealand eleotrid. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2016; 88:1631-1641. [PMID: 26892757 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
An investigation of intraspecific habitat-related patterns of variation in oculoscapular lateral-line superficial neuromasts (SN) identified a decrease in the ratio of total SNs to pores, and a trend towards decreased asymmetry in SNs in the habitat-generalist common bully Gobiomorphus cotidianus from fluvial habitats compared to lacustrine habitats, suggesting habitat-related phenotypic variability. A greater ratio of pores to SNs, as well as less variation in the total number and asymmetry of SNs observed in the fluvial habitat-specialist redfin bully Gobiomorphus huttoni may provide further evidence of variations in the oculoscapular lateral-line morphology of fluvial habitat G. cotidianus individuals serving as adaptations to more turbulent environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Vanderpham
- Vanderpham Consulting, 11027 50th Ave SE, Everett, WA, 98208, U.S.A
| | - S Nakagawa
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, P. O. Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - A M Senior
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - G P Closs
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, P. O. Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
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Zhang QX, He XJ, Wong HC, Kindt KS. Functional calcium imaging in zebrafish lateral-line hair cells. Methods Cell Biol 2016; 133:229-52. [PMID: 27263415 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sensory hair-cell development, function, and regeneration are fundamental processes that are challenging to study in mammalian systems. Zebrafish are an excellent alternative model to study hair cells because they have an external auxiliary organ called the lateral line. The hair cells of the lateral line are easily accessible, which makes them suitable for live, function-based fluorescence imaging. In this chapter, we describe methods to perform functional calcium imaging in zebrafish lateral-line hair cells. We compare genetically encoded calcium indicators that have been used previously to measure calcium in lateral-line hair cells. We also outline equipment required for calcium imaging and compare different imaging systems. Lastly, we discuss how to set up optimal imaging parameters and how to process and visualize calcium signals. Overall, using these methods, in vivo calcium imaging is a powerful tool to examine sensory hair-cell function in an intact organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q X Zhang
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - X J He
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - H C Wong
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - K S Kindt
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Fossette S, Gleiss A, Chalumeau J, Bastian T, Armstrong C, Vandenabeele S, Karpytchev M, Hays G. Current-Oriented Swimming by Jellyfish and Its Role in Bloom Maintenance. Curr Biol 2015; 25:342-347. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2014.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ceci ML, Mardones-Krsulovic C, Sánchez M, Valdivia LE, Allende ML. Axon-Schwann cell interactions during peripheral nerve regeneration in zebrafish larvae. Neural Dev 2014; 9:22. [PMID: 25326036 PMCID: PMC4214607 DOI: 10.1186/1749-8104-9-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Peripheral nerve injuries can severely affect the way that animals perceive signals from the surrounding environment. While damage to peripheral axons generally has a better outcome than injuries to central nervous system axons, it is currently unknown how neurons re-establish their target innervations to recover function after injury, and how accessory cells contribute to this task. Here we use a simple technique to create reproducible and localized injury in the posterior lateral line (pLL) nerve of zebrafish and follow the fate of both neurons and Schwann cells. Results Using pLL single axon labeling by transient transgene expression, as well as transplantation of glial precursor cells in zebrafish larvae, we individualize different components in this system and characterize their cellular behaviors during the regenerative process. Neurectomy is followed by loss of Schwann cell differentiation markers that is reverted after nerve regrowth. We show that reinnervation of lateral line hair cells in neuromasts during pLL nerve regeneration is a highly dynamic process with promiscuous yet non-random target recognition. Furthermore, Schwann cells are required for directional extension and fasciculation of the regenerating nerve. We provide evidence that these cells and regrowing axons are mutually dependant during early stages of nerve regeneration in the pLL. The role of ErbB signaling in this context is also explored. Conclusion The accessibility of the pLL nerve and the availability of transgenic lines that label this structure and their synaptic targets provides an outstanding in vivo model to study the different events associated with axonal extension, target reinnervation, and the complex cellular interactions between glial cells and injured axons during nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Miguel L Allende
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile.
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Harding MJ, McGraw HF, Nechiporuk A. The roles and regulation of multicellular rosette structures during morphogenesis. Development 2014; 141:2549-58. [PMID: 24961796 DOI: 10.1242/dev.101444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Multicellular rosettes have recently been appreciated as important cellular intermediates that are observed during the formation of diverse organ systems. These rosettes are polarized, transient epithelial structures that sometimes recapitulate the form of the adult organ. Rosette formation has been studied in various developmental contexts, such as in the zebrafish lateral line primordium, the vertebrate pancreas, the Drosophila epithelium and retina, as well as in the adult neural stem cell niche. These studies have revealed that the cytoskeletal rearrangements responsible for rosette formation appear to be conserved. By contrast, the extracellular cues that trigger these rearrangements in vivo are less well understood and are more diverse. Here, we review recent studies of the genetic regulation and cellular transitions involved in rosette formation. We discuss and compare specific models for rosette formation and highlight outstanding questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly J Harding
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA Neuroscience Graduate Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Hillary F McGraw
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Alex Nechiporuk
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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Role of histone deacetylase activity in the developing lateral line neuromast of zebrafish larvae. Exp Mol Med 2014; 46:e94. [PMID: 24810423 PMCID: PMC3972790 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2014.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases are involved in many biological processes and have roles in regulating cell behaviors such as cell cycle entry, cell proliferation and apoptosis. However, the effect of histone deacetylases on the development of hair cells (HCs) has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we examined the influence of histone deacetylases on the early development of neuromasts in the lateral line of zebrafish. Hair cell development was evaluated by fluorescent immunostaining in the absence or presence of histone deacetylase inhibitors. Our results suggested that pharmacological inhibition of histone deacetylases with inhibitors, including trichostatin A, valproic acid and MS-275, reduced the numbers of both HCs and supporting cells in neuromasts. We also found that the treatment of zebrafish larvae with inhibitors caused accumulation of histone acetylation and suppressed proliferation of neuromast cells. Real-time PCR results showed that the expression of both p21 and p27 mRNA was increased following trichostatin A treatment and the increase in p53 mRNA was modest under the same conditions. However, the expression of p53 mRNA was significantly increased by treatment with a high concentration of trichostatin A. A high concentration of trichostatin A also led to increased cell death in neuromasts as detected in a TUNEL assay. Moreover, the nuclei of most of these pyknotic cells were immunohistochemically positive for cleaved caspase-3. These results suggest that histone deacetylase activity is involved in lateral line development in the zebrafish and might have a role in neuromast formation by altering cell proliferation through the expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins.
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Pisano GC, Mason SM, Dhliwayo N, Intine RV, Sarras MP. An assay for lateral line regeneration in adult zebrafish. J Vis Exp 2014. [PMID: 24747778 DOI: 10.3791/51343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the clinical importance of hearing and balance disorders in man, model organisms such as the zebrafish have been used to study lateral line development and regeneration. The zebrafish is particularly attractive for such studies because of its rapid development time and its high regenerative capacity. To date, zebrafish studies of lateral line regeneration have mainly utilized fish of the embryonic and larval stages because of the lower number of neuromasts at these stages. This has made quantitative analysis of lateral line regeneration/and or development easier in the earlier developmental stages. Because many zebrafish models of neurological and non-neurological diseases are studied in the adult fish and not in the embryo/larvae, we focused on developing a quantitative lateral line regenerative assay in adult zebrafish so that an assay was available that could be applied to current adult zebrafish disease models. Building on previous studies by Van Trump et al. that described procedures for ablation of hair cells in adult Mexican blind cave fish and zebrafish (Danio rerio), our assay was designed to allow quantitative comparison between control and experimental groups. This was accomplished by developing a regenerative neuromast standard curve based on the percent of neuromast reappearance over a 24 hr time period following gentamicin-induced necrosis of hair cells in a defined region of the lateral line. The assay was also designed to allow extension of the analysis to the individual hair cell level when a higher level of resolution is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina C Pisano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dr. William M Scholl College of Podiatric Medicine, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science;
| | - Samantha M Mason
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science
| | - Nyembezi Dhliwayo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dr. William M Scholl College of Podiatric Medicine, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science
| | - Robert V Intine
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dr. William M Scholl College of Podiatric Medicine, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science
| | - Michael P Sarras
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science
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Fish navigation of large dams emerges from their modulation of flow field experience. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:5277-82. [PMID: 24706826 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1311874111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Navigating obstacles is innate to fish in rivers, but fragmentation of the world's rivers by more than 50,000 large dams threatens many of the fish migrations these waterways support. One limitation to mitigating the impacts of dams on fish is that we have a poor understanding of why some fish enter routes engineered for their safe travel around the dam but others pass through more dangerous routes. To understand fish movement through hydropower dam environments, we combine a computational fluid dynamics model of the flow field at a dam and a behavioral model in which simulated fish adjust swim orientation and speed to modulate their experience to water acceleration and pressure (depth). We fit the model to data on the passage of juvenile Pacific salmonids (Oncorhynchus spp.) at seven dams in the Columbia/Snake River system. Our findings from reproducing observed fish movement and passage patterns across 47 flow field conditions sampled over 14 y emphasize the role of experience and perception in the decision making of animals that can inform opportunities and limitations in living resources management and engineering design.
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Radford CA, Mensinger AF. Anterior lateral line nerve encoding to tones and play back vocalisations in free swimming oyster toadfish, Opsanus tau. J Exp Biol 2014; 217:1570-9. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.092510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In the underwater environment, sound propagates both as a pressure wave and particle motion, with particle motions dominating close to the source. At the receptor level, the fish ear and the neuromast hair cells act as displacement detectors, and both are potentially stimulated by the particle motion component of sound. The encoding of the anterior lateral line nerve to acoustic stimuli in freely behaving oyster toadfish, Opsanus tau, was examined. Nerve sensitivity and directional responses were determined using spike rate and vector strength analysis, a measure of phase-locking of spike times to the stimulus waveform. All units showed greatest sensitivity to 100 Hz stimulus. While sensitivity was independent of stimulus orientation, the neuron's ability to phase-lock was correlated with stimuli origin. Two different types of units were classified, Type 1 (tonic), and Type 2 (phasic). The Type 1 fibers were further classified into two sub-types based on their frequency response (Type 1-1 and Type 1-2), which was hypothesised to be related to canal (Type 1-1) and superficial (Type 1-2) neuromast innervation. Lateral line units also exhibited sensitivity and phase locking to boatwhistle vocalisations, with greatest spike rates exhibited at the onset of the call. These results provide direct evidence that oyster toadfish can use their lateral line to detect behaviourally relevant acoustic stimuli, which could provide a sensory pathway to aid in sound source localisation.
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Uribe PM, Asuncion JD, Matsui JI. Ethanol affects the development of sensory hair cells in larval zebrafish (Danio rerio). PLoS One 2013; 8:e83039. [PMID: 24324841 PMCID: PMC3855788 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Children born to mothers with substantial alcohol consumption during pregnancy can present a number of morphological, cognitive, and sensory abnormalities, including hearing deficits, collectively known as fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). The goal of this study was to determine if the zebrafish lateral line could be used to study sensory hair cell abnormalities caused by exposure to ethanol during embryogenesis. Some lateral line sensory hair cells are present at 2 days post-fertilization (dpf) and are functional by 5 dpf. Zebrafish embryos were raised in fish water supplemented with varying concentrations of ethanol (0.75%-1.75% by volume) from 2 dpf through 5 dpf. Ethanol treatment during development resulted in many physical abnormalities characteristic of FAS in humans. Also, the number of sensory hair cells decreased as the concentration of ethanol increased in a dose-dependent manner. The dye FM 1-43FX was used to detect the presence of functional mechanotransduction channels. The percentage of FM 1-43-labeled hair cells decreased as the concentration of ethanol increased. Methanol treatment did not affect the development of hair cells. The cell cycle markers proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) demonstrated that ethanol reduced the number of sensory hair cells, as a consequence of decreased cellular proliferation. There was also a significant increase in the rate of apoptosis, as determined by TUNEL-labeling, in neuromasts following ethanol treatment during larval development. Therefore, zebrafish are a useful animal model to study the effects of hair cell developmental disorders associated with FAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip M. Uribe
- Department of Neuroscience, Pomona College, Claremont, California, United States of America
| | - James D. Asuncion
- Department of Neuroscience, Pomona College, Claremont, California, United States of America
| | - Jonathan I. Matsui
- Department of Neuroscience, Pomona College, Claremont, California, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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He Y, Wu J, Mei H, Yu H, Sun S, Shou J, Li H. Histone deacetylase activity is required for embryonic posterior lateral line development. Cell Prolif 2013; 47:91-104. [PMID: 24267956 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The posterior lateral line (PLL) system in zebrafish has recently become a model for investigating tissue morphogenesis. PLL primordium periodically deposits neuromasts as it migrates along the horizontal myoseptum from head to tail of the embryonic fish, and this migration requires activity of various molecular mechanisms. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) have been implicated in numerous biological processes of development, by regulating gene transcription, but their roles in regulating PLL during embryonic development have up to now remained unexplored. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, we used HDAC inhibitors to investigate the role of HDACs in early development of the zebrafish PLL sensory system. We further investigated development of the PLL by cell-specific immunostaining and in situ hybridization. RESULTS Our analysis showed that HDACs were involved in zebrafish PLL development as pharmacological inhibition of HDACs resulted in its defective formation. We observed that migration of PLL primordium was altered and accompanied by disrupted development of PLL neuromasts in HDAC inhibitor-treated embryos. In these, positions of PLL neuromasts were affected. In particular, the first PLL neuromast was displaced posteriorly in a treatment dose-dependent manner. Primordium cell proliferation was reduced upon HDAC inhibition. Finally, we showed that inhibition of HDAC function reduced numbers of hair cells in PLL neuromasts of HDAC inhibitor-treated embryos. CONCLUSION Here, we have revealed a novel role for HDACs in orchestrating PLL morphogenesis. Our results suggest that HDAC activity is necessary for control of cell proliferation and migration of PLL primordium and hair cell differentiation during early stages of PLL development in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y He
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Otolaryngology, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
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Joyce Tang W, Chen JS, Zeller RW. Transcriptional regulation of the peripheral nervous system in Ciona intestinalis. Dev Biol 2013; 378:183-93. [PMID: 23545329 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2013.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 03/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The formation of the sensory organs and cells that make up the peripheral nervous system (PNS) relies on the activity of transcription factors encoded by proneural genes (PNGs). Although PNGs have been identified in the nervous systems of both vertebrates and invertebrates, the complexity of their interactions has complicated efforts to understand their function in the context of their underlying regulatory networks. To gain insight into the regulatory network of PNG activity in chordates, we investigated the roles played by PNG homologs in regulating PNS development of the invertebrate chordate Ciona intestinalis. We discovered that in Ciona, MyT1, Pou4, Atonal, and NeuroD-like are expressed in a sequential regulatory cascade in the developing epidermal sensory neurons (ESNs) of the PNS and act downstream of Notch signaling, which negatively regulates these genes and the number of ESNs along the tail midlines. Transgenic embryos mis-expressing any of these proneural genes in the epidermis produced ectopic midline ESNs. In transgenic embryos mis-expressing Pou4, and MyT1 to a lesser extent, numerous ESNs were produced outside of the embryonic midlines. In addition we found that the microRNA miR-124, which inhibits Notch signaling in ESNs, is activated downstream of all the proneural factors we tested, suggesting that these genes operate collectively in a regulatory network. Interestingly, these factors are encoded by the same genes that have recently been demonstrated to convert fibroblasts into neurons. Our findings suggest the ascidian PNS can serve as an in vivo model to study the underlying regulatory mechanisms that enable the conversion of cells into sensory neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Joyce Tang
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
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Pujol-Martí J, López-Schier H. Developmental and architectural principles of the lateral-line neural map. Front Neural Circuits 2013; 7:47. [PMID: 23532704 PMCID: PMC3607791 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2013.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The transmission and central representation of sensory cues through the accurate construction of neural maps is essential for animals to react to environmental stimuli. Structural diversity of sensorineural maps along a continuum between discrete- and continuous-map architectures can influence behavior. The mechanosensory lateral line of fishes and amphibians, for example, detects complex hydrodynamics occurring around the animal body. It triggers innate fast escape reactions but also modulates complex navigation behaviors that require constant knowledge about the environment. The aim of this article is to summarize recent work in the zebrafish that has shed light on the development and structure of the lateralis neural map, which is helping to understand how individual sensory modalities generate appropriate behavioral responses to the sensory context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Pujol-Martí
- Research Unit of Sensory Biology and Organogenesis, Helmholtz Zentrum München Neuherberg, Munich, Germany
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Brown AD, Sisneros JA, Jurasin T, Nguyen C, Coffin AB. Differences in lateral line morphology between hatchery- and wild-origin steelhead. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59162. [PMID: 23554988 PMCID: PMC3598794 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite identification of multiple factors mediating salmon survival, significant disparities in survival-to-adulthood among hatchery- versus wild-origin juveniles persist. In the present report, we explore the hypothesis that hatchery-reared juveniles might exhibit morphological defects in vulnerable mechanosensory systems prior to release from the hatchery, potentiating reduced survival after release. Juvenile steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) from two different hatcheries were compared to wild-origin juveniles on several morphological traits including lateral line structure, otolith composition (a proxy for auditory function), and brain weight. Wild juveniles were found to possess significantly more superficial lateral line neuromasts than hatchery-reared juveniles, although the number of hair cells within individual neuromasts was not significantly different across groups. Wild juveniles were also found to possess primarily normal, aragonite-containing otoliths, while hatchery-reared juveniles possessed a high proportion of crystallized (vaterite) otoliths. Finally, wild juveniles were found to have significantly larger brains than hatchery-reared juveniles. These differences together predict reduced sensitivity to biologically important hydrodynamic and acoustic signals from natural biotic (predator, prey, conspecific) and abiotic (turbulent flow, current) sources among hatchery-reared steelhead, in turn predicting reduced survival fitness after release. Physiological and behavioral studies are required to establish the functional significance of these morphological differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D. Brown
- Department of Speech & Hearing Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Joseph A. Sisneros
- Departments of Psychology and Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Tyler Jurasin
- Department of Fisheries, Quinault Indian Nation, Taholah, Washington, United States of America
| | - Chau Nguyen
- College of Arts and Sciences, Washington State University, Vancouver, Washington, United States of America
| | - Allison B. Coffin
- College of Arts and Sciences, Washington State University, Vancouver, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Veterinary and Comparative Anatomy, Pharmacology, and Physiology, Washington State University, Vancouver, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Montgomery J, Bleckmann H, Coombs S. Sensory Ecology and Neuroethology of the Lateral Line. SPRINGER HANDBOOK OF AUDITORY RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/2506_2013_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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The stat3/socs3a pathway is a key regulator of hair cell regeneration in zebrafish. [corrected]. J Neurosci 2012; 32:10662-73. [PMID: 22855815 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.5785-10.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
All nonmammalian vertebrates studied can regenerate inner ear mechanosensory receptors (i.e., hair cells) (Corwin and Cotanche, 1988; Lombarte et al., 1993; Baird et al., 1996), but mammals possess only a very limited capacity for regeneration after birth (Roberson and Rubel, 1994). As a result, mammals experience permanent deficiencies in hearing and balance once their inner ear hair cells are lost. The mechanisms of hair cell regeneration are poorly understood. Because the inner ear sensory epithelium is highly conserved in all vertebrates (Fritzsch et al., 2007), we chose to study hair cell regeneration mechanism in adult zebrafish, hoping the results would be transferrable to inducing hair cell regeneration in mammals. We defined the comprehensive network of genes involved in hair cell regeneration in the inner ear of adult zebrafish with the powerful transcriptional profiling technique digital gene expression, which leverages the power of next-generation sequencing ('t Hoen et al., 2008). We also identified a key pathway, stat3/socs3, and demonstrated its role in promoting hair cell regeneration through stem cell activation, cell division, and differentiation. In addition, transient pharmacological inhibition of stat3 signaling accelerated hair cell regeneration without overproducing cells. Taking other published datasets into account (Sano et al., 1999; Schebesta et al., 2006; Dierssen et al., 2008; Riehle et al., 2008; Zhu et al., 2008; Qin et al., 2009), we propose that the stat3/socs3 pathway is a key response in all tissue regeneration and thus an important therapeutic target for a broad application in tissue repair and injury healing.
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Abstract
Spatially distributed sensory information is topographically mapped in the brain by point-to-point correspondence of connections between peripheral receptors and central target neurons. In fishes, for example, the axonal projections from the mechanosensory lateral line organize a somatotopic neural map. The lateral line provides hydrodynamic information for intricate behaviors such as navigation and prey detection. It also mediates fast startle reactions triggered by the Mauthner cell. However, it is not known how the lateralis neural map is built to subserve these contrasting behaviors. Here we reveal that birth order diversifies lateralis afferent neurons in the zebrafish. We demonstrate that early- and late-born lateralis afferents diverge along the main axes of the hindbrain to synapse with hundreds of second-order targets. However, early-born afferents projecting from primary neuromasts also assemble a separate map by converging on the lateral dendrite of the Mauthner cell, whereas projections from secondary neuromasts never make physical contact with the Mauthner cell. We also show that neuronal diversity and map topology occur normally in animals permanently deprived of mechanosensory activity. We conclude that neuronal birth order correlates with the assembly of neural submaps, whose combination is likely to govern appropriate behavioral reactions to the sensory context.
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48
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Liao JC, Haehnel M. Physiology of afferent neurons in larval zebrafish provides a functional framework for lateral line somatotopy. J Neurophysiol 2012; 107:2615-23. [PMID: 22338025 DOI: 10.1152/jn.01108.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fishes rely on the neuromasts of their lateral line system to detect water flow during behaviors such as predator avoidance and prey localization. Although the pattern of neuromast development has been a topic of detailed research, we still do not understand the functional consequences of its organization. Previous work has demonstrated somatotopy in the posterior lateral line, whereby afferent neurons that contact more caudal neuromasts project more dorsally in the hindbrain than those that contact more rostral neuromasts (Gompel N, Dambly-Chaudiere C, Ghysen A. Development 128: 387-393, 2001). We performed patch-clamp recordings of afferent neurons that contact neuromasts in the posterior lateral line of anesthetized, transgenic larval zebrafish (Danio rerio) to show that larger cells are born earlier, have a lower input resistance, a lower spontaneous firing rate, and tend to contact multiple neuromasts located closer to the tail than smaller neurons, which are born later, have a higher input resistance, a higher spontaneous firing rate, and tend to contact single neuromasts. We suggest that early-born neurons are poised to detect large stimuli during the initial stages of development. Later-born neurons are more easily driven to fire and thus likely to be more sensitive to local, weaker flows. Afferent projections onto identified glutamatergic regions in the hindbrain lead us to hypothesize a novel mechanism for lateral line somatotopy. We show that afferent fibers associated with tail neuromasts respond to stronger stimuli and are wired to dorsal hindbrain regions associated with Mauthner-mediated escape responses and fast, avoidance swimming. The ability to process flow stimuli by circumventing higher-order brain centers would ease the task of processing where speed is of critical importance. Our work lays the groundwork to understand how the lateral line translates flow stimuli into appropriate behaviors at the single cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C Liao
- The Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, Dept. of Biology, Univ. of Florida, St. Augustine, FL 32080, USA.
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Farris SM. Are mushroom bodies cerebellum-like structures? ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT 2011; 40:368-79. [PMID: 21371566 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2011.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2010] [Revised: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 02/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The mushroom bodies are distinctive neuropils in the protocerebral brain segments of many protostomes. A defining feature of mushroom bodies is their intrinsic neurons, masses of cytoplasm-poor globuli cells that form a system of lobes with their densely-packed, parallel-projecting axon-like processes. In insects, the role of the mushroom bodies in olfactory processing and associative learning and memory has been studied in depth, but several lines of evidence suggest that the function of these higher brain centers cannot be restricted to these roles. The present account considers whether insight into an underlying function of mushroom bodies may be provided by cerebellum-like structures in vertebrates, which are similarly defined by the presence of masses of tiny granule cells that emit thin parallel fibers forming a dense molecular layer. In vertebrates, the shared neuroarchitecture of cerebellum-like structures has been suggested to underlie a common functional role as adaptive filters for the removal of predictable sensory elements, such as those arising from reafference, from the total sensory input. Cerebellum-like structures include the vertebrate cerebellum, the electrosensory lateral line lobe, dorsal and medial octavolateral nuclei of fish, and the dorsal cochlear nucleus of mammals. The many architectural and physiological features that the insect mushroom bodies share with cerebellum-like structures suggest that it might be fruitful to consider mushroom body function in light of a possible role as adaptive sensory filters. The present account thus presents a detailed comparison of the insect mushroom bodies with vertebrate cerebellum-like structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Farris
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, 3139 Life Sciences Building, 53 Campus Drive, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA.
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Ohta N, Horie T, Satoh N, Sasakura Y. Transposon-mediated enhancer detection reveals the location, morphology and development of the cupular organs, which are putative hydrodynamic sensors, in the ascidian Ciona intestinalis. Zoolog Sci 2011; 27:842-50. [PMID: 21039122 DOI: 10.2108/zsj.27.842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The adult of the ascidian Ciona intestinalis has cupular organs, i.e., putative hydrodynamic sensors, at the atrial epithelium. The cupular organ consists of support cells and sensory neurons, and it extends a gelatinous matrix, known as a cupula, toward the atrial cavity. These characteristics are shared with sensory hair cells in the vertebrate inner ear and lateral line neuromasts in fish and amphibians, which suggests an evolutionary link between the cupular organ and these vertebrate hydrodynamic sensors. In the present study, we have isolated and investigated two transposon-mediated enhancer detection lines that showed GFP expression in support cells of the cupular organs. Using the enhancer detection lines and neuron marker transgenic lines, we describe the position, morphology, and development of the cupular organs. Cupular organs were found at the atrial epithelium, but not in the branchial epithelium. We found that cupular organs are also present along the dorsal fold and the gonoducts. The cells lining the pre-atrial opening in juveniles are presumably precursor cells of the cupular organ. To our knowledge, the present study is the first precise description of the ascidian cupular organ, providing evidence that may help to resolve discrepancies among previous studies on the organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Ohta
- Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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