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Wang D, Song J, Lin T, Yin Y, Mu J, Liu S, Wang Y, Kong D, Zhang Z. Identification of potato Lipid transfer protein gene family and expression verification of drought genes StLTP1 and StLTP7. PLANT DIRECT 2023; 7:e491. [PMID: 36993902 PMCID: PMC10041547 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) are widely distributed in plants and play an important role in the response to stress. Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is sensitive to a lack of water, and drought stress is one of the limiting factors for its yield. Therefore, mining candidate functional genes for drought stress and creating new types of potato germplasm for drought resistance is an effective way to solve this problem. There are few reports on the LTP family in potato. In this study, 39 members of the potato LTP family were identified. They were located on seven chromosomes, and the amino acid sequences encoded ranged from 101 to 345 aa. All 39 family members contained introns and had exons that ranged from one to four. Conserved motif analysis of potato LTP transcription factors showed that 34 transcription factors contained Motif 2 and Motif 4, suggesting that they were conserved motifs of potato LTP. Compared with the LTP genes of homologous crops, the potato and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) LTPs were the mostly closely related. The StLTP1 and StLTP7 genes were screened by quantitative reverse transcription PCR combined with potato transcriptome data to study their expression in tissues and the characteristics of their responses to drought stress. The results showed that StLTP1 and StLTP7 were upregulated in the roots, stems, and leaves after PEG 6000 stress. Taken together, our study provides comprehensive information on the potato LTP family that will help to develop a framework for further functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- College of Life Sciences and TechnologyJining Normal UniversityUlanqabInner MongoliaChina
| | - Jian Song
- Institute of Industrial CropsShanxi Agricultural UniversityTaiyuanShanxiChina
| | - Tuanrong Lin
- Wulanchabu Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Research SciencesWulanchabuInner MongoliaChina
| | - Yuhe Yin
- Wulanchabu Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Research SciencesWulanchabuInner MongoliaChina
| | - Junxiang Mu
- College of Life Sciences and TechnologyJining Normal UniversityUlanqabInner MongoliaChina
| | - Shuancheng Liu
- College of Life Sciences and TechnologyJining Normal UniversityUlanqabInner MongoliaChina
| | - Yaqin Wang
- College of Life Sciences and TechnologyJining Normal UniversityUlanqabInner MongoliaChina
| | - Dejuan Kong
- Wulanchabu Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Research SciencesWulanchabuInner MongoliaChina
| | - Zhicheng Zhang
- Wulanchabu Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Research SciencesWulanchabuInner MongoliaChina
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Wei P, Yu X, Yang Y, Chen Z, Zhao S, Li X, Zhang W, Liu C, Li X, Liu X. Biased gene expression reveals the contribution of subgenome to altitude adaptation in allopolyploid Isoetes sinensis. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9677. [PMID: 36619709 PMCID: PMC9797765 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Allopolyploids are believed to inherit the genetic characteristics of its progenitors and exhibit stronger adaptability and vigor. The allotetraploid Isoetes sinensis was formed by the natural hybridization and polyploidization of two diploid progenitors, Isoetes taiwanensis and Isoetes yunguiensis, and was believed to have the potential to adapt to plateau environments. To explore the expression pattern of homoeologous genes and their contributions to altitude adaptation, we transplanted natural allotetraploid I. sinensis (TnTnYnYn) along the altitude gradient for a long-term, and harvested them in summer and winter, respectively. One year after transplanting, it still lived well, even in the extreme environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Then, we performed high-throughput RNA sequencing to measure their gene expression level. A total of 7801 homoeologous genes were expressed, among which 5786 were identified as shared expression in different altitudes and seasons. We further found that altitude variations could change the subgenome bias trend of I. sinensis, but season could not. Moreover, the functions of uniquely expressed genes indicated that temperature might be an important restrictive factor during the adaptation process. Through the analysis of DEGs and uniquely expressed genes, we found that Y subgenome provided more contributions to high altitude adaptation than T subgenome. These adaptive traits to high altitude may be inherited from its plateau progenitor I. yunguiensis. Through weighted gene co-expression network analysis, pentatricopeptide repeats gene family and glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway were considered to play important roles in high-altitude adaptation. Totally, this study will enrich our understanding of allopolyploid in environmental adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Laboratory of Plant Systematics and Evolutionary Biology, College of Life SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Xiao‐lei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Laboratory of Plant Systematics and Evolutionary Biology, College of Life SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yu‐jiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Laboratory of Plant Systematics and Evolutionary Biology, College of Life SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Zhu‐yifu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Laboratory of Plant Systematics and Evolutionary Biology, College of Life SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Shu‐qi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Laboratory of Plant Systematics and Evolutionary Biology, College of Life SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Xin‐zhong Li
- Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Biological Resources and Adaptive Evolution, Research Center for Ecology, School of SciencesTibet UniversityLhasaChina
| | - Wen‐cai Zhang
- Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Biological Resources and Adaptive Evolution, Research Center for Ecology, School of SciencesTibet UniversityLhasaChina
| | - Chen‐lai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Laboratory of Plant Systematics and Evolutionary Biology, College of Life SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Xiao‐yan Li
- Biology Experimental Teaching Center, School of Life ScienceWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Xing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Laboratory of Plant Systematics and Evolutionary Biology, College of Life SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhanChina,Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Biological Resources and Adaptive Evolution, Research Center for Ecology, School of SciencesTibet UniversityLhasaChina
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Rose T, Wilkinson M, Lowe C, Xu J, Hughes D, Hassall KL, Hassani‐Pak K, Amberkar S, Noleto‐Dias C, Ward J, Heuer S. Novel molecules and target genes for vegetative heat tolerance in wheat. PLANT-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2022; 3:264-289. [PMID: 37284432 PMCID: PMC10168084 DOI: 10.1002/pei3.10096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To prevent yield losses caused by climate change, it is important to identify naturally tolerant genotypes with traits and related pathways that can be targeted for crop improvement. Here we report on the characterization of contrasting vegetative heat tolerance in two UK bread wheat varieties. Under chronic heat stress, the heat-tolerant cultivar Cadenza produced an excessive number of tillers which translated into more spikes and higher grain yield compared to heat-sensitive Paragon. RNAseq and metabolomics analyses revealed that over 5000 genotype-specific genes were differentially expressed, including photosynthesis-related genes, which might explain the observed ability of Cadenza to maintain photosynthetic rate under heat stress. Around 400 genes showed a similar heat-response in both genotypes. Only 71 genes showed a genotype × temperature interaction. As well as known heat-responsive genes such as heat shock proteins (HSPs), several genes that have not been previously linked to the heat response, particularly in wheat, have been identified, including dehydrins, ankyrin-repeat protein-encoding genes, and lipases. Contrary to primary metabolites, secondary metabolites showed a highly differentiated heat response and genotypic differences. These included benzoxazinoid (DIBOA, DIMBOA), and phenylpropanoids and flavonoids with known radical scavenging capacity, which was assessed via the DPPH assay. The most highly heat-induced metabolite was (glycosylated) propanediol, which is widely used in industry as an anti-freeze. To our knowledge, this is the first report on its response to stress in plants. The identified metabolites and candidate genes provide novel targets for the development of heat-tolerant wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sandeep Amberkar
- Rothamsted ResearchHarpendenUK
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative BiologyUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | | | | | - Sigrid Heuer
- Rothamsted ResearchHarpendenUK
- National Institute of Agricultural Botany (NIAB)CambridgeUK
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Kimura Y, Ohkubo T, Shimizu K, Magata Y, Park EY, Hara M. Inhibition of cryoaggregation of phospholipid liposomes by an Arabidopsis intrinsically disordered dehydrin and its K-segment. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 211:112286. [PMID: 34929484 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Dehydrin is an intrinsically disordered protein involved in the cold tolerance of plants. Although dehydrins have been thought to protect biomembranes under cold conditions, the underlying protective mechanism has not been confirmed. Here we report that Arabidopsis dehydrin AtHIRD11 inhibited the aggregation of phospholipid liposomes after freezing and thawing. AtHIRD11 showed significantly greater cryoaggregation-prevention activity than cryoprotective agents such as trehalose, proline, and polyethylene glycols. Amino acid sequence segmentation analysis indicated that the K-segment of AtHIRD11 inhibited the cryoaggregation of phosphatidylcholine (PC) liposomes but other segments did not. This showed that K-segments conserved in all dehydrins were likely to be the cryoprotective sites of dehydrins. Amino acid replacement for a typical K-segment (TypK for short) sequence demonstrated that both hydrophobic and charged amino acids were required for the cryoaggregation-prevention activity of PC liposomes. The amino acid shuffling of TypK remarkably reduced cryoprotective activity. Although TypK did not bind to PC liposomes in solution, the addition of liposomes reduced its disordered content under crowded conditions. Together, these results suggested that dehydrins protected biomembranes via conserved K-segments whose sequences were optimized for cryoprotective activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kimura
- Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Ohkubo
- Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Kosuke Shimizu
- Department of Molecular Imaging, Institute for Medical Photonics Research, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Magata
- Department of Molecular Imaging, Institute for Medical Photonics Research, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Enoch Y Park
- Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan; Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan; Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Masakazu Hara
- Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan; Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan; Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.
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Zareei E, Karami F, Gholami M, Ershadi A, Avestan S, Aryal R, Gohari G, Farooq M. Physiological and biochemical responses of strawberry crown and leaf tissues to freezing stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:532. [PMID: 34773991 PMCID: PMC8590311 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03300-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In northern Iran and other cold regions, winter freezing injury and resultant yield instability are major limitations to strawberry production. However, there is scarcity of information on the physiological and biochemical responses of strawberry cultivars to freezing stress. This study aimed to investigate the physiological and biochemical responses of strawberry cultivars (Tennessee Beauty, Blakemore, Kurdistan, Queen Elisa, Chandler, Krasnyy Bereg, and Yalova) to different freezing temperature treatments (- 5, - 10, - 15, - 20, and - 25 °C) under controlled conditions. RESULTS All measured physiological and biochemical features were significantly affected by the interaction effect between low temperatures and cultivars. Tennessee Beauty showed the highest RWC at - 25 °C. The highest Fv/Fm was observed in Queen Elisa. Krasnyy Bereg had the least freezing injury (FI) in crown and leaf, while Yalova and Chandler showed the highest crown and leaf FI, respectively. At - 20 to - 25 °C, the highest carbohydrates contents of crown and leaf were noted in Blakemore and Krasnyy Bereg cultivars, respectively. The Yalova showed the highest protein content in both crown and leaf tissues at - 25 °C. The Tennessee Beauty and Blackmore cultivars showed the highest proline in crowns and leaves at - 15 °C, respectively. The highest ThioBarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) contents in the crown and leaf were observed in Kurdistan and Queen Elisa, respectively. Queen Elisa and Krasnyy Bereg cultivars showed SOD and POD peaks in the crown at - 15 °C, respectively. CONCLUSION Freezing stress was characterized by decreased Fv/Fm and RWC, and increased FI, TBARS, total carbohydrates, total proteins, proline content, and antioxidant enzyme activity. The extent of changes in above mentioned traits was cultivar dependent. FI and TBARS were the best traits among destructive parameters for evaluating freezing tolerance. Moreover, maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm index), as non-destructive parameters, showed a significant efficiency in rapid assessment for screening of freezing tolerant strawberry cultivars. The cultivars Krasnyy Bereg, Queen Elisa, and Kurdistan were the most tolerant cultivars to freezing stress. These cultivars can be used as parents in breeding programs to develop new freezing tolerant cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Zareei
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farhad Karami
- Horticultural Research Department, Kurdistan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Mansour Gholami
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ershadi
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Saber Avestan
- Horticultural Research Department, Kurdistan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Rishi Aryal
- Department of Horticultural Science, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Gholamreza Gohari
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, 123, Al-Khoud, Oman
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Duo J, Xiong H, Wu X, Li Y, Si J, Zhang C, Duan R. Genome-wide identification and expression profile under abiotic stress of the barley non-specific lipid transfer protein gene family and its Qingke Orthologues. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:674. [PMID: 34544387 PMCID: PMC8451110 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07958-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs), a group of small, basic ubiquitous proteins to participate in lipid transfer, cuticle formation and stress response, are involved in the regulation of plant growth and development. To date, although the nsLTP gene family of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) has been preliminarily identified, it is still unclear in the recently completed genome database of barley and Qingke, and its transcriptional profiling under abiotic stress has not been elucidated as well. RESULTS We identified 40 barley nsLTP (HvLTP) genes through a strict screening strategy based on the latest barley genome and 35 Qingke nsLTP (HtLTP) orthologues using blastp, and these LTP genes were divided into four types (1, 2, D and G). At the same time, a comprehensive analysis of the physical and chemical characteristics, homology alignment, conserved motifs, gene structure and evolution of HvLTPs and HtLTPs further supported their similar nsLTP characteristics and classification. The genomic location of HvLTPs and HtLTPs showed that these genes were unevenly distributed, and obvious HvLTP and HtLTP gene clusters were found on the 7 chromosomes including six pairs of tandem repeats and one pair of segment repeats in the barley genome, indicating that these genes may be co-evolutionary and co-regulated. A spatial expression analysis showed that most HvLTPs and HtLTPs had different tissue-specific expression patterns. Moreover, the upstream cis-element analysis of HvLTPs and HtLTPs showed that there were many different stress-related transcriptional regulatory elements, and the expression pattern of HvLTPs and HtLTPs under abiotic stress also indicated that numerous HvLTP and HtLTP genes were related to the abiotic stress response. Taken together, these results may be due to the differences in promoters rather than by genes themselves resulting in different expression patterns under abiotic stress. CONCLUSION Due to a stringent screening and comprehensive analysis of the nsLTP gene family in barley and Qingke and its expression profile under abiotic stress, this study can be considered a useful source for the future studies of nsLTP genes in either barley or Qingke or for comparisons of different plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiecuo Duo
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, Qinghai Province, China.,Qinghai Qaidam Vocational & Technical College, Delingha, 817000, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Huiyan Xiong
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Xiongxiong Wu
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Yuan Li
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Jianping Si
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Ruijun Duan
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, Qinghai Province, China.
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Osuda H, Sunano Y, Hara M. An intrinsically disordered radish vacuolar calcium-binding protein (RVCaB) showed cryoprotective activity for lactate dehydrogenase with its hydrophobic region. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 182:1130-1137. [PMID: 33857518 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A soluble protein fraction from radish (Raphanus sativus L.) taproot had cryoprotective activity for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The activity was found mainly in the heat-stable fractions of soluble proteins. The cryoprotective protein, whose molecular mass was 43 kDa in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, was obtained by successive chromatographies on TOYOPEARL SuperQ and TOYOPEARL DEAE. MALDI-TOF MS/MS analysis indicated that the purified protein was a radish vacuolar calcium-binding protein (RVCaB), which is reportedly related to calcium storage in the vacuoles of radish taproot. The purified RVCaB inhibited the cryoinactivation, cryodenaturation, and cryoaggregation of LDH. RVCaB had greater cryoprotective activity than general cryoprotectants. When RVCaB was divided into 15 segments (Seg01 to Seg15, 15 amino acids each), Seg03, which had a high hydrophobicity scale, showed remarkable cryoprotective activity. This indicated that RVCaB protected LDH from freezing and thawing damage presumably through a specific hydrophobic area (i.e., Seg03).
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Affiliation(s)
- Honami Osuda
- Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Yui Sunano
- Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Masakazu Hara
- Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan; Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan; Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.
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Chen J, Liu Z, Liu Y, Zhang X, Zeng J. Preliminary investigations on the pathogenesis-related protein expression profile of the medicinal herb Macleaya cordata and anti-bacterial properties of recombinant proteins. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 184:112667. [PMID: 33548769 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The plant pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins play a crucial role in the defense of plants against pathogens and orchestrate the innate immune system of plants. In this paper, a non-normalized cDNA library of the leaf was constructed to obtain a comprehensive view of PR proteins of Macleaya cordata. Specifically, 511 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were generated using Sanger sequencing. All ESTs were assembled into 364 non-redundancy sequences, including 78 clusters and 286 singlets. The PR protein expression profile of the medicinal herb M. cordata has been investigated and is represented by defensin, lipid-transfer protein, (S)-norcoclaurine synthase, and major allergen protein, suggesting that the herb contains rich active proteins against pathogens. Furthermore, two defensins were selected for recombinant expression in yeast, and the antimicrobial activities were explored. Since they both present a broad antimicrobial spectrum, they are of particular importance for agricultural and medicinal applications. Our study describes defensins in Papaveraceae for the first time and provides novel insights into the effective components. In addition to the alkaloids, PR proteins (such as defensins, lipid transfer proteins, (S) - norcoclaurine synthase, major allergen protein, and Class IV chitinases) are involved in the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities of M. cordata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjun Chen
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China.
| | - Zihao Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Yisong Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Xuewen Zhang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Jianguo Zeng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
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Genome-wide identification and characterization of nonspecific lipid transfer protein (nsLTP) genes in Arachis duranensis. Genomics 2020; 112:4332-4341. [PMID: 32717318 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Nonspecific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) play vital roles in lipid metabolism, cell apoptosis and biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. However, the distribution of nsLTPs in Arachis duranensis has not been fully characterized. In this study, we identified 64 nsLTP genes in A. duranensis (designated AdLTPs), which were classified into six subfamilies and randomly distributed along nine chromosomes. Tandem and segmental duplication events were detected in the evolution of AdLTPs. The Ks and ω values differed significantly between Types 1 and D subfamilies, and eight AdLTPs were under positive selection. The expression levels of AdLTPs were changed after salinity, PEG, low-temperature and ABA treatments. Three AdLTPs were associated with resistance to nematode infection, and DOF and WRI1 transcription factors may regulate the AdLTP response to nematode infection. Our results may provide valuable genomic information for the breeding of peanut cultivars that are resistant to biotic and abiotic stresses.
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Transcriptomic Analyses of Camellia oleifera 'Huaxin' Leaf Reveal Candidate Genes Related to Long-Term Cold Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030846. [PMID: 32013013 PMCID: PMC7037897 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
‘Huaxin’ is a new high-yielding timber cultivar of Camellia oleifera of high economic value, and has been widely cultivated in the red soil hilly region of Hunan Province of the People´s Republic of China in recent years. However, its quality and production are severely affected by low temperatures during flowering. To find genes related to cold tolerance and further explore new candidategenes for chilling-tolerance, Illumina NGS (Next Generation Sequencing) technology was used to perform transcriptomic analyses of C. oleifera ‘Huaxin’ leaves under long-term cold stress. Nine cDNA libraries were sequenced, and 58.31 Gb high-quality clean reads were obtained with an average of 5.92 Gb reads for each sample. A total of 191,150 transcripts were obtained after assembly. Among them, 100,703 unigenes were generated, and 44,610 unigenes were annotated. In total, 1564 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified both in the A_B and A_C gene sets. In the current study, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed, andrevealed a group of cold-responsive genes related to hormone regulation, photosynthesis, membrane systems, and osmoregulation; these genes encoded many key proteins in plant biological processes, such as serine/threonine-protein kinase (STPK), transcription factors (TFs), fatty acid desaturase (FAD), lipid-transfer proteins (LTPs), soluble sugars synthetases, and flavonoid biosynthetic enzymes. Some physiological indicators of C. oleifera ‘Huaxin’ were determined under three temperature conditions, and the results were consistent with the molecular sequencing. In addition, the expression levels of 12 DEGs were verified using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). In summary, the results of DEGs analysis together with qRT-PCR tests contribute to the understanding of cold tolerance and further exploring new candidate genes for chilling-tolerance in molecular breeding programs of C. oleifera ‘Huaxin’.
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Ji J, Lv H, Yang L, Fang Z, Zhuang M, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Li Z. Genome-wide identification and characterization of non-specific lipid transfer proteins in cabbage. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5379. [PMID: 30128186 PMCID: PMC6089208 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) are a group of small, secreted proteins that can reversibly bind and transport hydrophobic molecules. NsLTPs play an important role in plant development and resistance to stress. To date, little is known about the nsLTP family in cabbage. In this study, a total of 89 nsLTP genes were identified via comprehensive research on the cabbage genome. These cabbage nsLTPs were classified into six types (1, 2, C, D, E and G). The gene structure, physical and chemical characteristics, homology, conserved motifs, subcellular localization, tertiary structure and phylogeny of the cabbage nsLTPs were comprehensively investigated. Spatial expression analysis revealed that most of the identified nsLTP genes were positively expressed in cabbage, and many of them exhibited patterns of differential and tissue-specific expression. The expression patterns of the nsLTP genes in response to biotic and abiotic stresses were also investigated. Numerous nsLTP genes in cabbage were found to be related to the resistance to stress. Moreover, the expression patterns of some nsLTP paralogs in cabbage showed evident divergence. This study promotes the understanding of nsLTPs characteristics in cabbage and lays the foundation for further functional studies investigating cabbage nsLTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialei Ji
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Honghao Lv
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Limei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyuan Fang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mu Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yangyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yumei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhansheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Finkina EI, Melnikova DN, Bogdanov IV, Ovchinnikova TV. Lipid Transfer Proteins As Components of the Plant Innate Immune System: Structure, Functions, and Applications. Acta Naturae 2016; 8:47-61. [PMID: 27437139 PMCID: PMC4947988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Among a variety of molecular factors of the plant innate immune system, small proteins that transfer lipids and exhibit a broad spectrum of biological activities are of particular interest. These are lipid transfer proteins (LTPs). LTPs are interesting to researchers for three main features. The first feature is the ability of plant LTPs to bind and transfer lipids, whereby these proteins got their name and were combined into one class. The second feature is that LTPs are defense proteins that are components of plant innate immunity. The third feature is that LTPs constitute one of the most clinically important classes of plant allergens. In this review, we summarize the available data on the plant LTP structure, biological properties, diversity of functions, mechanisms of action, and practical applications, emphasizing their role in plant physiology and their significance in human life.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. I. Finkina
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya Str. 16/10, 117997 , Moscow, Russia
| | - D. N. Melnikova
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya Str. 16/10, 117997 , Moscow, Russia
| | - I. V. Bogdanov
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya Str. 16/10, 117997 , Moscow, Russia
| | - T. V. Ovchinnikova
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya Str. 16/10, 117997 , Moscow, Russia
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Pan Y, Li J, Jiao L, Li C, Zhu D, Yu J. A Non-specific Setaria italica Lipid Transfer Protein Gene Plays a Critical Role under Abiotic Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1752. [PMID: 27933075 PMCID: PMC5121218 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) are a class of cysteine-rich soluble proteins having small molecular weights. LTPs participate in flower and seed development, cuticular wax deposition, also play important roles in pathogen and abiotic stress responses. A non-specific LTP gene (SiLTP) was isolated from a foxtail millet (Setaria italica) suppression subtractive hybridization library enriched for differentially expressed genes after abiotic stress treatments. A semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR analysis showed that SiLTP was expressed in all foxtail millet tissues. Additionally, the SiLTP promoter drove GUS expression in root tips, stems, leaves, flowers, and siliques of transgenic Arabidopsis. Quantitative real-time PCR indicated that the SiLTP expression was induced by NaCl, polyethylene glycol, and abscisic acid (ABA). SiLTP was localized in the cytoplasm of tobacco leaf epidermal cells and maize protoplasts. The ectopic expression of SiLTP in tobacco resulted in higher levels of salt and drought tolerance than in the wild type (WT). To further assess the function of SiLTP, SiLTP overexpression (OE) and RNA interference (RNAi)-based transgenic foxtail millet were obtained. SiLTP-OE lines performed better under salt and drought stresses compared with WT plants. In contrast, the RNAi lines were much more sensitive to salt and drought compared than WT. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and yeast one-hybrids indicated that the transcription factor ABA-responsive DRE-binding protein (SiARDP) could bind to the dehydration-responsive element of SiLTP promoter in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Moreover, the SiLTP expression levels were higher in SiARDP-OE plants compared than the WT. These results confirmed that SiLTP plays important roles in improving salt and drought stress tolerance of foxtail millet, and may partly be upregulated by SiARDP. SiLTP may provide an effective genetic resource for molecular breeding in crops to enhance salt and drought tolerance levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
- Life Science and Technology Center, China National Seed Group Co., LtdWuhan, China
| | - Jianrui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Licong Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Cong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Dengyun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Jingjuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jingjuan Yu,
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Pagnussat LA, Oyarburo N, Cimmino C, Pinedo ML, de la Canal L. On the role of a Lipid-Transfer Protein. Arabidopsis ltp3 mutant is compromised in germination and seedling growth. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2015; 10:e1105417. [PMID: 26479260 PMCID: PMC4854337 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2015.1105417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Plant Lipid-Transfer Proteins (LTPs) exhibit the ability to reversibly bind/transport lipids in vitro. LTPs have been involved in diverse physiological processes but conclusive evidence on their role has only been presented for a few members, none of them related to seed physiology. Arabidopsis seeds rely on storage oil breakdown to supply carbon skeletons and energy for seedling growth. Here, Arabidopsis ltp3 mutant was analyzed for its ability to germinate and for seedling establishment. Ltp3 showed delayed germination and reduced germination frequency. Seedling growth appeared reduced in the mutant but this growth restriction was rescued by the addition of an exogenous carbon supply, suggesting a defective oil mobilization. Lipid breakdown analysis during seedling growth revealed a differential profile in the mutant compared to the wild type. The involvement of LTP3 in germination and seedling growth and its relationship with the lipid transfer ability of this protein is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana A Pagnussat
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas; Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata – CONICET; Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Natalia Oyarburo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas; Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata – CONICET; Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Carlos Cimmino
- Centro de Biotecnología Advanta Semillas S.A.I.C.; Balcarce, Argentina
| | - Marcela L Pinedo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas; Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata – CONICET; Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Laura de la Canal
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas; Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata – CONICET; Mar del Plata, Argentina
- Correspondence to: Laura de la Canal;
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La Porta N, Sablok G, Emilliani G, Hietala AM, Giovannelli A, Fontana P, Potenza E, Baldi P. Identification of Low Temperature Stress Regulated Transcript Sequences and Gene Families in Italian Cypress. Mol Biotechnol 2014; 57:407-18. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-014-9833-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Liu F, Xiong X, Wu L, Fu D, Hayward A, Zeng X, Cao Y, Wu Y, Li Y, Wu G. BraLTP1, a lipid transfer protein gene involved in epicuticular wax deposition, cell proliferation and flower development in Brassica napus. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110272. [PMID: 25314222 PMCID: PMC4196963 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) constitute large multigene families that possess complex physiological functions, many of which remain unclear. This study isolated and characterized the function of a lipid transfer protein gene, BraLTP1 from Brassica rapa, in the important oilseed crops Brassica napus. BraLTP1 encodes a predicted secretory protein, in the little known VI Class of nsLTP families. Overexpression of BnaLTP1 in B. napus caused abnormal green coloration and reduced wax deposition on leaves and detailed wax analysis revealed 17-80% reduction in various major wax components, which resulted in significant water-loss relative to wild type. BnaLTP1 overexpressing leaves exhibited morphological disfiguration and abaxially curled leaf edges, and leaf cross-sections revealed cell overproliferation that was correlated to increased cytokinin levels (tZ, tZR, iP, and iPR) in leaves and high expression of the cytokinin biosynthsis gene IPT3. BnaLTP1-overexpressing plants also displayed morphological disfiguration of flowers, with early-onset and elongated carpel development and outwardly curled stamen. This was consistent with altered expression of a a number of ABC model genes related to flower development. Together, these results suggest that BraLTP1 is a new nsLTP gene involved in wax production or deposition, with additional direct or indirect effects on cell division and flower development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojuan Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Donghui Fu
- The Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Agronomy College, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Alice Hayward
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Xinhua Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yinglong Cao
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuhua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunjing Li
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail:
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Mishra A, Heyer AG, Mishra KB. Chlorophyll fluorescence emission can screen cold tolerance of cold acclimated Arabidopsis thaliana accessions. PLANT METHODS 2014; 10:38. [PMID: 25400689 PMCID: PMC4233102 DOI: 10.1186/1746-4811-10-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An easy and non-invasive method for measuring plant cold tolerance is highly valuable to instigate research targeting breeding of cold tolerant crops. Traditional methods are labor intensive, time-consuming and thereby of limited value for large scale screening. Here, we have tested the capacity of chlorophyll a fluorescence (ChlF) imaging based methods for the first time on intact whole plants and employed advanced statistical classifiers and feature selection rules for finding combinations of images able to discriminate cold tolerant and cold sensitive plants. RESULTS ChlF emission from intact whole plant rosettes of nine Arabidopsis thaliana accessions was measured for (1) non-acclimated (NAC, six week old plants grown at room temperature), (2) cold acclimated (AC, NAC plants acclimated at 4°C for two weeks), and (3) sub-zero temperature (ST) treated (STT, AC plants treated at -4°C for 8 h in dark) states. Cold acclimation broadened the slow phase of ChlF transients in cold sensitive (Co, C24, Can and Cvi) A. thaliana accessions. Similar broadening in the slow phase of ChlF transients was observed in cold tolerant (Col, Rsch, and Te) plants following ST treatments. ChlF parameters: maximum quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (FV/FM) and fluorescence decrease ratio (RFD) well categorized the cold sensitive and tolerant plants when measured in STT state. We trained a range of statistical classifiers with the sequence of captured ChlF images and selected a high performing quadratic discriminant classifier (QDC) in combination with sequential forward floating selection (SFFS) feature selection methods and found that linear combination of three images showed a reasonable contrast between cold sensitive and tolerant A. thaliana accessions for AC as well as for STT states. CONCLUSIONS ChlF transients measured for an intact whole plant is important for understanding the impact of cold acclimation on photosynthetic processes. Combinatorial imaging combined with statistical classifiers and feature selection methods worked well for the screening of cold tolerance without exposing plants to sub-zero temperatures. This opens up new possibilities for high-throughput monitoring of whole plants cold tolerance via easy and fully non-invasive means.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Mishra
- />Global Change Research Centre, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Arnd G Heyer
- />Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, Department of Plant Biotechnology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Kumud B Mishra
- />Global Change Research Centre, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Jayaraj S, Suresh S, Kadeppagari RK. Amylase inhibitors and their biomedical applications. STARCH-STARKE 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201200194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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19
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Quality Control System for Beer Developed with Monoclonal Antibodies Specific to Barley Lipid Transfer Protein. Antibodies (Basel) 2012. [DOI: 10.3390/antib1030259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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20
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Theocharis A, Clément C, Barka EA. Physiological and molecular changes in plants grown at low temperatures. PLANTA 2012; 235:1091-105. [PMID: 22526498 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-012-1641-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Apart from water availability, low temperature is the most important environmental factor limiting the productivity and geographical distribution of plants across the world. To cope with cold stress, plant species have evolved several physiological and molecular adaptations to maximize cold tolerance by adjusting their metabolism. The regulation of some gene products represents an additional mechanism of cold tolerance. A consequence of these mechanisms is that plants are able to survive exposure to low temperature via a process known as cold acclimation. In this review, we briefly summarize recent progress in research and hypotheses on how sensitive plants perceive cold. We also explore how this perception is translated into changes within plants following exposure to low temperatures. Particular emphasis is placed on physiological parameters as well as transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational regulation of cold-induced gene products that occur after exposure to low temperatures, leading to cold acclimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Theocharis
- Laboratoire de Stress, Défense et Reproduction des Plantes, URVVC, UPRES EA 2069, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BP 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France
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Mishra A, Mishra KB, Höermiller II, Heyer AG, Nedbal L. Chlorophyll fluorescence emission as a reporter on cold tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana accessions. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2011; 6:301-10. [PMID: 21427532 PMCID: PMC3121992 DOI: 10.4161/psb.6.2.15278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Revised: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 02/24/2011] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Non-invasive, high-throughput screening methods are valuable tools in breeding for abiotic stress tolerance in plants. Optical signals such as chlorophyll fluorescence emission can be instrumental in developing new screening techniques. In order to examine the potential of chlorophyll fluorescence to reveal plant tolerance to low temperatures, we used a collection of nine Arabidopsis thaliana accessions and compared their fluorescence features with cold tolerance quantified by the well established electrolyte leakage method on detached leaves. We found that, during progressive cooling, the minimal chlorophyll fluorescence emission rose strongly and that this rise was highly dependent on the cold tolerance of the accessions. Maximum quantum yield of PSII photochemistry and steady state fluorescence normalized to minimal fluorescence were also highly correlated to the cold tolerance measured by the electrolyte leakage method. In order to further increase the capacity of the fluorescence detection to reveal the low temperature tolerance, we applied combinatorial imaging that employs plant classification based on multiple fluorescence features. We found that this method, by including the resolving power of several fluorescence features, can be well employed to detect cold tolerance already at mild sub-zero temperatures. Therefore, there is no need to freeze the screened plants to the largely damaging temperatures of around -15°C. This, together with the method's easy applicability, represents a major advantage of the fluorescence technique over the conventional electrolyte leakage method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Mishra
- Institute of Physical Biology, University of South Bohemia; Nové Hrady, Czech Republic
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Volk GM. Application of functional genomics and proteomics to plant cryopreservation. Curr Genomics 2010; 11:24-9. [PMID: 20808520 PMCID: PMC2851113 DOI: 10.2174/138920210790217945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2009] [Revised: 07/08/2009] [Accepted: 07/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant cryobiology has primarily emerged from the classical fields of cryobiology and plant stress physiology. Cryopreservation tools are now available to geneticists for germplasm preservation and the field itself is advancing significantly through the use of molecular techniques. Long-term preservation of vegetatively propagated tissues can minimize the risks of long-term maintenance under tissue culture or field conditions. Cells can be successfully cryopreserved when the adverse affects of ice crystal formation are mitigated by the removal of water or procedures to limit ice formation and crystal growth. The addition of cryoprotectant solutions to hydrated cells may improve the survival of microdissected shoot tips or embryonic axes. Recent discoveries in the genetic pathways leading to cold acclimation and freezing tolerance suggest the involvement of key cold-regulated genes in the acquisition of cold tolerance in plant tissues. Model systems of banana and Arabidopsis have revealed the involvement of genes and proteins in the glycolytic and other metabolic pathways, particularly processes involved in dehydration tolerance, osmoprotection, and membrane transport. Furthermore, successful recovery appears to be dependent upon the presence of antioxidant protection from reactive oxygen species. Characterization of specific genes and proteins will lead to significant advances in plant cryobiology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayle M Volk
- USDA-ARS-National Center for Genetic Resources Preservation, 1111 S. Mason St., Ft. Collins, CO 80521, USA
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23
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Crucial roles of membrane stability and its related proteins in the tolerance of peach fruit to chilling injury. Amino Acids 2009; 39:181-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-009-0397-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2009] [Accepted: 11/13/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Murakami-Yamaguchi Y, Hirose J, Honjoh T, Narita H. Evaluation of Wheat Content with Monoclonal Antibodies against Lipid Transfer Protein. J JPN SOC FOOD SCI 2009. [DOI: 10.3136/nskkk.56.444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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25
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Robinson SJ, Parkin IAP. Differential SAGE analysis in Arabidopsis uncovers increased transcriptome complexity in response to low temperature. BMC Genomics 2008; 9:434. [PMID: 18808718 PMCID: PMC2568001 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-9-434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2008] [Accepted: 09/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Abiotic stress, including low temperature, limits the productivity and geographical distribution of plants, which has led to significant interest in understanding the complex processes that allow plants to adapt to such stresses. The wide range of physiological, biochemical and molecular changes that occur in plants exposed to low temperature require a robust global approach to studying the response. We have employed Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE) to uncover changes in the transcriptome of Arabidopsis thaliana over a time course of low temperature stress. Results Five SAGE libraries were generated from A. thaliana leaf tissue collected at time points ranging from 30 minutes to one week of low temperature treatment (4°C). Over 240,000 high quality SAGE tags, corresponding to 16,629 annotated genes, provided a comprehensive survey of changes in the transcriptome in response to low temperature, from perception of the stress to acquisition of freezing tolerance. Interpretation of these data was facilitated by representing the SAGE data by gene identifier, allowing more robust statistical analysis, cross-platform comparisons and the identification of genes sharing common expression profiles. Simultaneous statistical calculations across all five libraries identified 920 low temperature responsive genes, only 24% of which overlapped with previous global expression analysis performed using microarrays, although similar functional categories were affected. Clustering of the differentially regulated genes facilitated the identification of novel loci correlated with the development of freezing tolerance. Analysis of their promoter sequences revealed subsets of genes that were independent of CBF and ABA regulation and could provide a mechanism for elucidating complementary signalling pathways. The SAGE data emphasised the complexity of the plant response, with alternate pre-mRNA processing events increasing at low temperatures and antisense transcription being repressed. Conclusion Alternate transcript processing appears to play an important role in enhancing the plasticity of the stress induced transcriptome. Novel genes and cis-acting sequences have been identified as compelling targets to allow manipulation of the plant's ability to protect against low temperature stress. The analyses performed provide a contextual framework for the interpretation of quantitative sequence tag based transcriptome analysis which will prevail with the application of next generation sequencing technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Robinson
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research Centre, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0X2, Canada.
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Finkina EI, Balandin SV, Serebryakova MV, Potapenko NA, Tagaev AA, Ovchinnikova TV. Purification and primary structure of novel lipid transfer proteins from germinated lentil (Lens culinaris) seeds. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2007; 72:430-8. [PMID: 17511608 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297907040104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A subfamily of eight novel lipid transfer proteins designated as Lc-LTP1-8 was found in the lentil Lens culinaris. Lc-LTP2, Lc-LTP4, Lc-LTP7, and Lc-LTP8 were purified from germinated lentil seeds, and their molecular masses (9268.7, 9282.7, 9121.5, 9135.5 daltons) and complete amino acid sequences were determined. The purified proteins consist of 92-93 amino acid residues, have four disulfide bonds, and inhibit growth of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Total RNA was isolated from germinated lentil seeds, RT-PCR and cloning were performed, and the cDNAs of six LTPs were sequenced. Precursor 116-118-residue proteins with 24-25-residue signal peptides were found, and two of them are purified proteins Lc-LTP2 and Lc-LTP4.
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Affiliation(s)
- E I Finkina
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia.
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Xin Z, Mandaokar A, Chen J, Last RL, Browse J. Arabidopsis ESK1 encodes a novel regulator of freezing tolerance. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2007; 49:786-99. [PMID: 17316173 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2006.02994.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The eskimo1 (esk1) mutation of Arabidopsis resulted in a 5.5 degrees C improvement in freezing tolerance in the absence of cold acclimation. Here we show that the increase in freezing tolerance is not associated with any increase in the ability to survive drought or salt stresses, which are similar to freezing in their induction of cellular dehydration. Genome-wide comparisons of gene expression between esk1-1 and wild type indicate that mutations at esk1 result in altered expression of transcription factors and signaling components and of a set of stress-responsive genes. Interestingly, the list of 312 genes regulated by ESK1 shows greater overlap with sets of genes regulated by salt, osmotic and abscisic acid treatments than with genes regulated by cold acclimation or by the transcription factors CBF3 and ICE1, which have been shown to control genetic pathways for freezing tolerance. Map-based cloning identified the esk1 locus as At3g55990. The wild-type ESK1 gene encodes a 57-kDa protein and is a member of a large gene family of DUF231 domain proteins whose members encode a total of 45 proteins of unknown function. Our results indicate that ESK1 is a novel negative regulator of cold acclimation. Mutations in the ESK1 gene provide strong freezing tolerance through genetic regulation that is apparently very different from previously described genetic mechanisms of cold acclimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanguo Xin
- Plant Stress and Germplasm Development Unit, USDA-ARS, 3810 4th Street, Lubbock, TX 79415, USA.
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Salcedo G, Sánchez-Monge R, Barber D, Díaz-Perales A. Plant non-specific lipid transfer proteins: an interface between plant defence and human allergy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2007; 1771:781-91. [PMID: 17349819 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2007.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2006] [Revised: 12/18/2006] [Accepted: 01/01/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Plant non-specific LTPs (lipid transfer proteins) form a protein family of basic polypeptides of 9 kDa ubiquitously distributed throughout the plant kingdom. The members of this family are located extracellularly, usually associated with plant cell walls, and possess a broad lipid-binding specificity closely related to their three-dimensional structure. The nsLTP fold is characterized by a compact domain composed of 4 alpha-helices, firmly held by a network of 4 conserved disulphide bridges. This fold presents a large internal tunnel-like cavity, which can accommodate different types of lipids. nsLTPs are involved in plant defence mechanisms against phytopathogenic bacteria and fungi, and, possibly, in the assembly of hydrophobic protective layers of surface polymers, such as cutin. In addition, several members of the nsLTP family have been identified as relevant allergens in plant foods and pollens. Their high resistance to both heat treatment and digestive proteolytic attack has been related with the induction by these allergens of severe symptoms in many patients. Therefore, they are probably primary sensitizers by the oral route. nsLTP sensitization shows an unexpected pattern throughout Europe, with a high prevalence in the Mediterranean area, but a low incidence in Northern and Central European countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Salcedo
- Unidad de Bioquímica, Departamento de Biotecnología, E.T.S. Ingenieros Agrónomos, UPM, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040-Madrid, Spain.
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Dias SC, Franco OL, Magalhães CP, de Oliveira-Neto OB, Laumann RA, Figueira ELZ, Melo FR, Grossi-De-Sá MF. Molecular cloning and expression of an alpha-amylase inhibitor from rye with potential for controlling insect pests. Protein J 2005; 24:113-23. [PMID: 16003953 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-004-1518-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-amylase inhibitors have important roles in plant defense mechanisms, particularly against insects, and several of these inhibitors have been expressed in different crops to increase their resistance to particular insects. In this work, we report the cloning and expression of a gene encoding for a new alpha-amylase inhibitor (BIII) from rye (Secale cereale) seeds. The BIII gene contains 354 nucleotides that encode for 118 amino acids sequence. A 313 bp fragment of the gene was expressed in Escherichia coli and resulted in a functional inhibitor that reduced the activity of alpha-amylases of larvae of the coleopteran pests Acanthoscelides obtectus, Zabrotess subfasciatus and Anthonomus grandis. In contrast, the inhibitor did not inhibit the activity of porcine pancreatic alpha-amylase. Although the amino acid sequence of BIII showed high identity with those of bifunctional inhibitors, the recombinant protein was unable to inhibit trypsin-like serine proteinases. The effects of recombinant BIII were evaluated in vivo against A. grandis. When first instar larvae were reared on an artificial diet containing four different concentrations of BIII, a reduction in larval weight and a mortality of 83% were observed at the highest concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simoni C Dias
- EMBRAPA-Recursor Genéticos e Biotechnologia, Brasília-DF, Brazil
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Sror HAM, Tischendorf G, Sieg F, Schmitt JM, Hincha DK. Cryoprotectin protects thylakoids during a freeze-thaw cycle by a mechanism involving stable membrane binding. Cryobiology 2004; 47:191-203. [PMID: 14697731 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2003.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Chloroplast thylakoid membranes of higher plants are damaged by freezing both in vivo and in vitro. The resulting inactivation of photosynthetic electron transport has been related to transient membrane rupture, leading to the loss of soluble electron transport proteins and osmotically active solutes from the thylakoid lumen. We have recently purified and sequenced a protein from cold acclimated cabbage, that protects thylakoids from this freeze-thaw damage. The protein belongs to the WAX9 family of nonspecific lipid transfer proteins, but has no detectable lipid transfer activity. Conversely, other transport-active lipid transfer proteins show no cryoprotective activity. We show here that cryoprotectin binds to thylakoid membranes. Both cryoprotective activity and membrane binding were inhibited in the presence of specific sugars, most effectively by Glc-6-S. The binding of cryoprotectin to thylakoids reduced the fluidity of the membrane lipids close to the membrane/solution interface, but not in the hydrophobic core region. Using immobilized liposomes we could show that cryoprotectin was able to bind to pure lipid membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany A M Sror
- Institut für Pflanzenphysiologie und Mikrobiologie, Freie Universität, Königin Luise Str. 12-16, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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Abstract
Plant lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) are a class of proteins whose functions are still unknown. Some are proposed to have antimicrobial activities. To understand whether LTP110, a rice LTP that we previously identified from rice leaves, plays a role in the protection function against some serious rice pathogens, we investigated the antifungal and antibacterial properties of LTP110. A cDNA sequence, encoding the mature peptide of LTP110, was cloned into the Impact-CN prokaryotic expression system. The purified protein was used for an in vitro inhibition test against rice pathogens, Pyricularia oryzae and Xanthomonas oryzae. The results showed that LTP110 inhibited the germination of Pyricularia oryzae spores, and its inhibitory activity decreased in the presence of a divalent cation. This suggests that the antifungal activity is affected by ions in the media; LTP110 only slightly inhibited the growth of Xanthomonas oryzae. However, the addition of LTP110 to cultured Chinese hamster ovarian cells did not retard growth, suggesting that the toxicity of LTP110 is only restricted to some cell types. Its antimicrobial activity is potentially due to interactions between LTP and microbe-specific structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China.
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Svensson B, Fukuda K, Nielsen PK, Bønsager BC. Proteinaceous α-amylase inhibitors. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2004; 1696:145-56. [PMID: 14871655 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2003.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2003] [Accepted: 07/15/2003] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Proteins that inhibit alpha-amylases have been isolated from plants and microorganisms. These inhibitors can have natural roles in the control of endogenous alpha-amylase activity or in defence against pathogens and pests; certain inhibitors are reported to be antinutritional factors. The alpha-amylase inhibitors belong to seven different protein structural families, most of which also contain evolutionary related proteins without inhibitory activity. Two families include bifunctional inhibitors acting both on alpha-amylases and proteases. High-resolution structures are available of target alpha-amylases in complex with inhibitors from five families. These structures indicate major diversity but also some similarity in the structural basis of alpha-amylase inhibition. Mutational analysis of the mechanism of inhibition was performed in a few cases and various protein engineering and biotechnological approaches have been outlined for exploitation of the inhibitory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birte Svensson
- Carlsberg Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Gamle Carlsberg Vej 10, DK-2500 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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