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Wang W, Li Z, Yan Y, Wu S, Yao X, Gao C, Liu L, Yu Y. LIPUS-induced neurogenesis:A potential therapeutic strategy for cognitive dysfunction in traumatic brain injury. Exp Neurol 2024; 371:114588. [PMID: 37907126 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) precipitates cellular membrane degeneration, phospholipid degradation, neuronal demise, impaired brain electrical activity, and compromised neuroplasticity, ultimately leading to acute and chronic brain dysfunction. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) is an emerging brain therapy with the characteristics of non-invasive, high spatial resolution, and high stimulation depth. Herein, we established a controlled cortical impact model to investigate the potential reparative mechanisms of LIPUS in TBI, employing a multi-faceted research methodology encompassing behavioral assessments, immunofluorescence, neuroelectrophysiology, scratch detection of primary cortical neurons, metabolomics and transcriptomics. Our findings demonstrate that LIPUS promotes hippocampal neurogenesis following brain injury, accomplished through the elevation of phosphatidylcholine levels in the hippocampus of TBI mice. Consequently, LIPUS enhances neural electrical activity and augments neural plasticity within the CA1 subregion of the hippocampus, effectively restoring neuronal function and cognitive capabilities in TBI mice. These findings shed light on the promising role of LIPUS in TBI brain rehabilitation, offering new perspectives and theoretical foundations for future studies in this domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhu Wang
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, China Rehabilitation Research Center, School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China; Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, PR China; Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zihan Li
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, China Rehabilitation Research Center, School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, PR China; Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yitong Yan
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, China Rehabilitation Research Center, School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, PR China; Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, PR China
| | - Shuo Wu
- First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, PR China
| | - Xinyu Yao
- First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, PR China
| | - Chen Gao
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, China Rehabilitation Research Center, School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, PR China; Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, PR China
| | - Lanxiang Liu
- First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, PR China.
| | - Yan Yu
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, China Rehabilitation Research Center, School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, PR China; Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, PR China.
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2
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Liao C, Guan Y, Zheng J, Wang X, Wang M, Zhu Z, Peng Q, Wang HH, Li M. Development of synthetic modulator enabling long-term propagation and neurogenesis of human embryonic stem cell-derived neural progenitor cells. Biol Res 2023; 56:59. [PMID: 37951961 PMCID: PMC10638775 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-023-00471-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural progenitor cells (NPCs) are essential for in vitro drug screening and cell-based therapies for brain-related disorders, necessitating well-defined and reproducible culture systems. Current strategies employing protein growth factors pose challenges in terms of both reproducibility and cost. In this study, we developed a novel DNA-based modulator to regulate FGFR signaling in NPCs, thereby facilitating the long-term maintenance of stemness and promoting neurogenesis. This DNA-based FGFR-agonist effectively stimulated FGFR1 phosphorylation and activated the downstream ERK signaling pathway in human embryonic stem cell (HESC)-derived NPCs. We replaced the basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in the culture medium with our DNA-based FGFR-agonist to artificially modulate FGFR signaling in NPCs. Utilizing a combination of cell experiments and bioinformatics analyses, we showed that our FGFR-agonist could enhance NPC proliferation, direct migration, and promote neurosphere formation, thus mimicking the functions of bFGF. Notably, transcriptomic analysis indicated that the FGFR-agonist could specifically influence the transcriptional program associated with stemness while maintaining the neuronal differentiation program, closely resembling the effects of bFGF. Furthermore, our culture conditions allowed for the successful propagation of NPCs through over 50 passages while retaining their ability to efficiently differentiate into neurons. Collectively, our approach offers a highly effective method for expanding NPCs, thereby providing new avenues for disease-in-dish research and drug screening aimed at combating neural degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceheng Liao
- College of Biology, Hunan University, 27 Tianma Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410082, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Guan
- Joint Institute of Tobacco and Health, 367 Hongjin Road, Wuhua District, Kunming, 650202, Yunnan, China
| | - Jihui Zheng
- College of Biology, Hunan University, 27 Tianma Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410082, Hunan, China
| | - Xue Wang
- College of Biology, Hunan University, 27 Tianma Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410082, Hunan, China
| | - Meixia Wang
- College of Biology, Hunan University, 27 Tianma Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410082, Hunan, China
| | - Zhouhai Zhu
- Joint Institute of Tobacco and Health, 367 Hongjin Road, Wuhua District, Kunming, 650202, Yunnan, China
| | - Qiyuan Peng
- Joint Institute of Tobacco and Health, 367 Hongjin Road, Wuhua District, Kunming, 650202, Yunnan, China
| | - Hong-Hui Wang
- College of Biology, Hunan University, 27 Tianma Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410082, Hunan, China.
| | - Meng Li
- Joint Institute of Tobacco and Health, 367 Hongjin Road, Wuhua District, Kunming, 650202, Yunnan, China.
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3
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Younger DS. Spinal cord motor disorders. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2023; 196:3-42. [PMID: 37620076 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-98817-9.00007-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord diseases are frequently devastating due to the precipitous and often permanently debilitating nature of the deficits. Spastic or flaccid paraparesis accompanied by dermatomal and myotomal signatures complementary to the incurred deficits facilitates localization of the insult within the cord. However, laboratory studies often employing disease-specific serology, neuroradiology, neurophysiology, and cerebrospinal fluid analysis aid in the etiologic diagnosis. While many spinal cord diseases are reversible and treatable, especially when recognized early, more than ever, neuroscientists are being called to investigate endogenous mechanisms of neural plasticity. This chapter is a review of the embryology, neuroanatomy, clinical localization, evaluation, and management of adult and childhood spinal cord motor disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Younger
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Neuroscience, CUNY School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine and Neurology, White Plains Hospital, White Plains, NY, United States.
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4
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Jiang Q, Tao B, Gao G, Sun M, Wang H, Li J, Wang Z, Shang A. Filum Terminale: A Comprehensive Review with Anatomical, Pathological, and Surgical Considerations. World Neurosurg 2022; 164:167-176. [PMID: 35500871 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.04.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The conus medullaris is the distal tapering end of the spinal cord, and the filum terminale (FT) is regarded as a bundle of non-functional fibrous tissue; therefore, some scholars call it the spinal ligament, while others describe the human FT as "remnants of the spinal cord." It was later found that in the human spinal cord, the FT is composed of an intradural segment and an epidural segment, and the end of the FT is connected to the coccyx periosteum. Because some nerve tissue is also found in the FT, as research progresses, FT may have the potential for transplantation. A lack of exhaustive overviews on the FT in the present literature prompted us to conduct this review. Considering that a current comprehensive review seemed to be the need of the hour, herein, we attempted to summarize previous research and theories on the FT, elucidate its anatomy, and understand its pathological involvement in various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Jiang
- Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Benzhang Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China; Tianjin Medical University
| | - Gan Gao
- Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Mengchun Sun
- Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, China; Medical School, Nankai University, Nankai District, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Junyang Li
- Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, China; Medical School, Nankai University, Nankai District, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Aijia Shang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
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5
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Ebrahimi A, Ahmadi H, Ghasrodashti ZP, Tanideh N, Shahriarirad R, Erfani A, Ranjbar K, Ashkani-Esfahani S. Therapeutic effects of stem cells in different body systems, a novel method that is yet to gain trust: A comprehensive review. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2021; 21:672-701. [PMID: 34255619 PMCID: PMC8554700 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2021.5508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapy has been used to treat several types of diseases, and it is expected that its therapeutic uses shall increase as novel lines of evidence begin to appear. Furthermore, stem cells have the potential to make new tissues and organs. Thus, some scientists propose that organ transplantation will significantly rely on stem cell technology and organogenesis in the future. Stem cells and its robust potential to differentiate into specific types of cells and regenerate tissues and body organs, have been investigated by numerous clinician scientists and researchers for their therapeutic effects. Degenerative diseases in different organs have been the main target of stem cell therapy. Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, musculoskeletal diseases such as osteoarthritis, congenital cardiovascular diseases, and blood cell diseases such as leukemia are among the health conditions that have benefited from stem cell therapy advancements. One of the most challenging parts of the process of incorporating stem cells into clinical practice is controlling their division and differentiation potentials. Sometimes, their potential for uncontrolled growth will make these cells tumorigenic. Another caveat in this process is the ability to control the differentiation process. While stem cells can easily differentiate into a wide variety of cells, a paracrine effect controlled activity, being in an appropriate medium will cause abnormal differentiation leading to treatment failure. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the therapeutic effects of stem cells in diseases of various organ systems. In order to advance this new treatment to its full potential, researchers should focus on establishing methods to control the differentiation process, while policymakers should take an active role in providing adequate facilities and equipment for these projects. Large population clinical trials are a necessary tool that will help build trust in this method. Moreover, improving social awareness about the advantages and adverse effects of stem cell therapy is required to develop a rational demand in the society, and consequently, healthcare systems should consider established stem cell-based therapeutic methods in their treatment algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Ebrahimi
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hanie Ahmadi
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Pourfraidon Ghasrodashti
- Molecular Pathology and Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nader Tanideh
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Department of Pharmacology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Shahriarirad
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Thoracic and Vascular Surgery Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Erfani
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Keivan Ranjbar
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Soheil Ashkani-Esfahani
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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6
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de Fátima Dos Santos Sampaio M, Santana Bastos Boechat M, Augusto Gusman Cunha I, Gonzaga Pereira M, Coimbra NC, Giraldi-Guimarães A. Neurotrophin-3 upregulation associated with intravenous transplantation of bone marrow mononuclear cells induces axonal sprouting and motor functional recovery in the long term after neocortical ischaemia. Brain Res 2021; 1758:147292. [PMID: 33516814 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs) have been identified as a relevant therapeutic strategy for the treatment of several chronic diseases of the central nervous system. The aim of this work was to evaluate whether intravenous treatment with BMMCs facilitates the reconnection of lesioned cortico-cortical and cortico-striatal pathways, together with motor recovery, in injured adult Wistar rats using an experimental model of unilateral focal neocortical ischaemia. Animals with cerebral cortex ischaemia underwent neural tract tracing for axonal fibre analysis, differential expression analysis of genes involved in apoptosis and neuroplasticity by RT-qPCR, and motor performance assessment by the cylinder test. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of axonal fibres labelled by an anterograde neural tract tracer were performed. Ischaemic animals treated with BMMCs showed a significant increase in axonal sprouting in the ipsilateral neocortex and in the striatum contralateral to the injured cortical areas compared to untreated rodents. In BMMC-treated animals, there was a trend towards upregulation of the Neurotrophin-3 gene compared to the other genes, as well as modulation of apoptosis by BMMCs. On the 56th day after ischaemia, BMMC-treated animals showed significant improvement in motor performance compared to untreated rats. These results suggest that in the acute phase of ischaemia, Neurotrophin-3 is upregulated in response to the lesion itself. In the long run, therapy with BMMCs causes axonal sprouting, reconnection of damaged neuronal circuitry and a significant increase in motor performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria de Fátima Dos Santos Sampaio
- Laboratory of Tissue and Cellular Biology, Centre of Biosciences and Biotechnology of Darcy Ribeiro Northern Fluminense State University (UENF), Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, 28013-602, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Neuropsychobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, 14049-900, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Marcela Santana Bastos Boechat
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding of Darcy Ribeiro Northern Fluminense State University (UENF), Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, 28013-602, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Igor Augusto Gusman Cunha
- Laboratory of Tissue and Cellular Biology, Centre of Biosciences and Biotechnology of Darcy Ribeiro Northern Fluminense State University (UENF), Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, 28013-602, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Messias Gonzaga Pereira
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding of Darcy Ribeiro Northern Fluminense State University (UENF), Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, 28013-602, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Norberto Cysne Coimbra
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Neuropsychobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, 14049-900, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Arthur Giraldi-Guimarães
- Laboratory of Tissue and Cellular Biology, Centre of Biosciences and Biotechnology of Darcy Ribeiro Northern Fluminense State University (UENF), Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, 28013-602, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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7
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Bhasin A, Srivastava MVP, Mohanty S, Vivekanandhan S, Sharma S, Kumaran S, Bhatia R. Paracrine Mechanisms of Intravenous Bone Marrow-Derived Mononuclear Stem Cells in Chronic Ischemic Stroke. Cerebrovasc Dis Extra 2016; 6:107-119. [PMID: 27846623 PMCID: PMC5123023 DOI: 10.1159/000446404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The emerging role of stem cell technology and transplantation has helped scientists to study their potential role in neural repair and regeneration. The fate of stem cells is determined by their niche, consisting of surrounding cells and the secreted trophic growth factors. This interim report evaluates the safety, feasibility and efficacy (if any) of bone marrow-derived mononuclear stem cells (BM-MNC) in chronic ischemic stroke by studying the release of serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic growth factor (BDNF). Methods Twenty stroke patients and 20 age-matched healthy controls were recruited with the following inclusion criteria: 3 months to 1.5 years from the index event, Medical Research Council (MRC) grade of hand muscles of at least 2, Brunnstrom stage 2-5, conscious, and comprehendible. They were randomized to one group receiving autologous BM-MNC (mean 60-70 million) and to another group receiving saline infusion (placebo). All patients were administered a neuromotor rehabilitation regime for 8 weeks. Clinical assessments [Fugl Meyer scale (FM), modified Barthel index (mBI), MRC grade, Ashworth tone scale] were carried out and serum VEGF and BDNF levels were assessed at baseline and at 8 weeks. Results No serious adverse events were observed during the study. There was no statistically significant clinical improvement between the groups (FM: 95% CI 15.2-5.35, p = 0.25; mBI: 95% CI 14.3-4.5, p = 0.31). VEGF and BDNF expression was found to be greater in group 1 compared to group 2 (VEGF: 442.1 vs. 400.3 pg/ml, p = 0.67; BDNF: 21.3 vs. 19.5 ng/ml) without any statistically significant difference. Conclusion Autologous mononuclear stem cell infusion is safe and tolerable by chronic ischemic stroke patients. The released growth factors (VEGF and BDNF) in the microenvironment could be due to the paracrine hypothesis of stem cell niche and neurorehabilitation regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashu Bhasin
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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8
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Biodistribution of 18F-FDG-Labeled Autologous Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cells in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Exploring Targeted and Intravenous Routes of Delivery. Clin Nucl Med 2016; 40:697-700. [PMID: 26164170 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000000850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM AND OBJECTIVES The study aims to carry out in vivo tracking of stem cells labeled with positron emission tomography (PET) tracer fluorine 18-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) and find adequate administration methods for these cells in diabetic patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS Bone marrow aspirate was taken from the iliac crest of patients. Bone marrow mononuclear cells were separated and purified using centrifugation. These cells were then labeled with PET tracer F-FDG. The labeled stem cells were given in a total of 21 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients comprising 3 groups of 7 patients each. Cells were infused either in peripheral intravenous route or through the targeted routes into the superior pancreaticoduodenal artery and the splenic artery respectively. Biodistribution and quantification studies were carried out at 30 and 90 minutes of stem cell infusion. RESULTS Our results show that targeted approach resulted in homing and retention of stem cells in pancreas as compared with the intravenous route where no discernible homing of stem cells was there. Outside the pancreas, liver and spleen showed intense FDG labeled stem cell accumulation. In the intravenous group, lung fields showed retention of cells in the initial biodistribution study at 30 minutes with significant clearance in the delayed 90 minute image. CONCLUSIONS Infusion into the superior pancreaticoduodenal artery should be a preferred route than into the splenic artery as the former method resulted in better homing and retention of labeled stem cells. Homing is least likely to occur when the intravenous route is used.
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9
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Marteyn A, Sarrazin N, Yan J, Bachelin C, Deboux C, Santin MD, Gressens P, Zujovic V, Baron-Van Evercooren A. Modulation of the Innate Immune Response by Human Neural Precursors Prevails over Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Remyelination to Rescue a Severe Model of Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease. Stem Cells 2015; 34:984-96. [PMID: 26676415 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease (PMD) results from an X-linked misexpression of proteolipid protein 1 (PLP1). This leukodystrophy causes severe hypomyelination with progressive inflammation, leading to neurological dysfunctions and shortened life expectancy. While no cure exists for PMD, experimental cell-based therapy in the dysmyelinated shiverer model suggested that human oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (hOPCs) or human neural precursor cells (hNPCs) are promising candidates to treat myelinopathies. However, the fate and restorative advantages of human NPCs/OPCs in a relevant model of PMD has not yet been addressed. Using a model of Plp1 overexpression, resulting in demyelination with progressive inflammation, we compared side-by-side the therapeutic benefits of intracerebrally grafted hNPCs and hOPCs. Our findings reveal equal integration of the donor cells within presumptive white matter tracks. While the onset of exogenous remyelination was earlier in hOPCs-grafted mice than in hNPC-grafted mice, extended lifespan occurred only in hNPCs-grafted animals. This improved survival was correlated with reduced neuroinflammation (microglial and astrocytosis loads) and microglia polarization toward M2-like phenotype followed by remyelination. Thus modulation of neuroinflammation combined with myelin restoration is crucial to prevent PMD pathology progression and ensure successful rescue of PMD mice. These findings should help to design novel therapeutic strategies combining immunomodulation and stem/progenitor cell-based therapy for disorders associating hypomyelination with inflammation as observed in PMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Marteyn
- INSERM, U1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris Cedex 13, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, UMR_S 1127, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Nadège Sarrazin
- INSERM, U1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris Cedex 13, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, UMR_S 1127, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Jun Yan
- INSERM, U1141, F-75019, Paris, France.,Univerité Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMRS 1141, Paris, France
| | - Corinne Bachelin
- INSERM, U1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris Cedex 13, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, UMR_S 1127, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Cyrille Deboux
- INSERM, U1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris Cedex 13, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, UMR_S 1127, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu D Santin
- INSERM, U1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris Cedex 13, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, UMR_S 1127, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, France.,CENIR, Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche, ICM, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Gressens
- INSERM, U1141, F-75019, Paris, France.,Univerité Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMRS 1141, Paris, France
| | - Violetta Zujovic
- INSERM, U1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris Cedex 13, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, UMR_S 1127, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Anne Baron-Van Evercooren
- INSERM, U1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris Cedex 13, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, UMR_S 1127, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, France
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10
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Direct Reprogramming of Mouse Fibroblasts to Neural Stem Cells by Small Molecules. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2016:4304916. [PMID: 26788068 PMCID: PMC4695670 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4304916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Although it is possible to generate neural stem cells (NSC) from somatic cells by reprogramming technologies with transcription factors, clinical utilization of patient-specific NSC for the treatment of human diseases remains elusive. The risk hurdles are associated with viral transduction vectors induced mutagenesis, tumor formation from undifferentiated stem cells, and transcription factors-induced genomic instability. Here we describe a viral vector-free and more efficient method to induce mouse fibroblasts into NSC using small molecules. The small molecule-induced neural stem (SMINS) cells closely resemble NSC in morphology, gene expression patterns, self-renewal, excitability, and multipotency. Furthermore, the SMINS cells are able to differentiate into astrocytes, functional neurons, and oligodendrocytes in vitro and in vivo. Thus, we have established a novel way to efficiently induce neural stem cells (iNSC) from fibroblasts using only small molecules without altering the genome. Such chemical induction removes the risks associated with current techniques such as the use of viral vectors or the induction of oncogenic factors. This technique may, therefore, enable NSC to be utilized in various applications within clinical medicine.
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11
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Abe H, Ino K, Li CZ, Kanno Y, Inoue KY, Suda A, Kunikata R, Matsudaira M, Takahashi Y, Shiku H, Matsue T. Electrochemical Imaging of Dopamine Release from Three-Dimensional-Cultured PC12 Cells Using Large-Scale Integration-Based Amperometric Sensors. Anal Chem 2015; 87:6364-70. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroya Abe
- Graduate School
of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-11-604 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Kosuke Ino
- Graduate School
of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-11-604 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Chen-Zhong Li
- Nanobioengineering/Nanobioelectronics Laboratory, Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, 10555 West
Flagler Street, Miami, Florida 33174, United States
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1
Katahira, Aoba, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kanno
- Graduate School
of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-11-604 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Kumi Y. Inoue
- Graduate School
of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-11-604 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Atsushi Suda
- Japan Aviation Electronics Industry, Ltd. 1-1, Musashino 3-chome, Akishima-shi, Tokyo 196-8555, Japan
| | - Ryota Kunikata
- Japan Aviation Electronics Industry, Ltd. 1-1, Musashino 3-chome, Akishima-shi, Tokyo 196-8555, Japan
| | - Masahki Matsudaira
- Micro
System Integration Center, Tohoku University, 519-1176 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-0845, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Takahashi
- Graduate School
of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-11-604 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1
Katahira, Aoba, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- PRESTO, JST, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shiku
- Graduate School
of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-11-604 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Matsue
- Graduate School
of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-11-604 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1
Katahira, Aoba, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
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12
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13
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Hybrid scaffold composed of hydrogel/3D-framework and its application as a dopamine delivery system. J Control Release 2014; 175:10-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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14
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Addae C, Cheng H, Martinez-Ceballos E. Effect of the environmental pollutant hexachlorobenzene (HCB) on the neuronal differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2013; 10:5244-56. [PMID: 24157519 PMCID: PMC3823326 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph10105244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Revised: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to persistent environmental pollutants may constitute an important factor on the onset of a number of neurological disorders such as autism, Parkinson’s disease, and Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD), which have also been linked to reduced GABAergic neuronal function. GABAergic neurons produce γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. However, the lack of appropriate models has hindered the study of suspected environmental pollutants on GABAergic function. In this work, we have examined the effect of hexachlorobenzene (HCB), a persistent and bioaccumulative environmental pollutant, on the function and morphology of GABAergic neurons generated in vitro from mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells. We observed that: (1) treatment with 0.5 nM HCB did not affect cell viability, but affected the neuronal differentiation of ES cells; (2) HCB induced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS); and (3) HCB repressed neurite outgrowth in GABAergic neurons, but this effect was reversed by the ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Our study also revealed that HCB did not significantly interfere with the function of K+ ion channels in the neuronal soma, which indicates that this pollutant does not affect the maturation of the GABAergic neuronal soma. Our results suggest a mechanism by which environmental pollutants interfere with normal GABAergic neuronal function and may promote the onset of a number of neurological disorders such as autism and ADD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Addae
- Department of Biological Sciences and Environmental Toxicology Program, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Henrique Cheng
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Eduardo Martinez-Ceballos
- Department of Biological Sciences and Environmental Toxicology Program, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-225-771-3606; Fax: +1-225-771-3606
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15
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Jha RM, Chrenek R, Magnotti LM, Cardozo DL. The isolation, differentiation, and survival in vivo of multipotent cells from the postnatal rat filum terminale. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65974. [PMID: 23762453 PMCID: PMC3675200 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) are undifferentiated cells in the central nervous system (CNS) that are capable of self-renewal and can be induced to differentiate into neurons and glia. Current sources of mammalian NSCs are confined to regions of the CNS that are critical to normal function and surgically difficult to access, which limits their therapeutic potential in human disease. We have found that the filum terminale (FT), a previously unexplored, expendable, and easily accessible tissue at the caudal end of the spinal cord, is a source of multipotent cells in postnatal rats and humans. In this study, we used a rat model to isolate and characterize the potential of these cells. Neurospheres derived from the rat FT are amenable to in vitro expansion in the presence of a combination of growth factors. These proliferating, FT-derived cells formed neurospheres that could be induced to differentiate into neural progenitor cells, neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes by exposure to serum and/or adhesive substrates. Through directed differentiation using sonic hedgehog and retinoic acid in combination with various neurotrophic factors, FT-derived neurospheres generated motor neurons that were capable of forming neuromuscular junctions in vitro. In addition, FT-derived progenitors that were injected into chick embryos survived and could differentiate into both neurons and glia in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchira M. Jha
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ryan Chrenek
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Laura M. Magnotti
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - David L. Cardozo
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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16
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Kusiak AN, Selzer ME. Neuroplasticity in the spinal cord. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2013; 110:23-42. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-52901-5.00003-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Bhasin A, Srivastava MVP, Mohanty S, Bhatia R, Kumaran SS, Bose S. Stem cell therapy: a clinical trial of stroke. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2012. [PMID: 23183251 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2012.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The alarming disability burden and a high prevalence rate of stroke in India has encouraged the researchers to develop regenerative therapies to reduce clinical deficits. This study evaluates safety, feasibility and efficacy of autologous mononuclear and mesenchymal cell transplantation in stroke patients evaluated on clinical scores and functional imaging (fMRI and DTI). METHODS Forty (n=40) stroke patients were recruited with the inclusion criteria as: 3 months to 2 years of index event, power of hand muscles of at least 2; Brunnstrom stage: 2-5; conscious and comprehendible. Fugl Meyer (FM), modified Barthel Index (mBI), Medical Research Council (MRC) grade for strength, Ashworth tone scale and functional imaging was used for assessments at baseline, 8 weeks and 24 weeks. 50-60 million cells in 250 ml saline were infused intravenously over 2-3 h. RESULTS The safety test profile was normal with no mortality or cell related adverse reactions in stem cell patients. Among outcome parameters, only modified Barthel Index (mBI) showed statistical significant improvement (p<0.05) in the stem cell group. An increased number of cluster activation in Brodmann areas BA 4, BA 6 was observed post stem cell infusion indicating neural plasticity. CONCLUSION Autologous intravenous stem cell therapy is safe and feasible. Stem cells act as "scaffolds" for neural transplantation and may aid in repair mechanisms in stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashu Bhasin
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.
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18
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Phillips AW, Falahati S, DeSilva R, Shats I, Marx J, Arauz E, Kerr DA, Rothstein JD, Johnston MV, Fatemi A. Derivation of glial restricted precursors from E13 mice. J Vis Exp 2012:3462. [PMID: 22760029 PMCID: PMC3399460 DOI: 10.3791/3462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This is a protocol for derivation of glial restricted precursor (GRP) cells from the spinal cord of E13 mouse fetuses. These cells are early precursors within the oligodendrocytic cell lineage. Recently, these cells have been studied as potential source for restorative therapies in white matter diseases. Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) is the leading cause of non-genetic white matter disease in childhood and affects up to 50% of extremely premature infants. The data suggest a heightened susceptibility of the developing brain to hypoxia-ischemia, oxidative stress and excitotoxicity that selectively targets nascent white matter. Glial restricted precursors (GRP), oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPC) and immature oligodendrocytes (preOL) seem to be key players in the development of PVL and are the subject of continuing studies. Furthermore, previous studies have identified a subset of CNS tissue that has increased susceptibility to glutamate excitotoxicity as well as a developmental pattern to this susceptibility. Our laboratory is currently investigating the role of oligodendrocyte progenitors in PVL and use cells at the GRP stage of development. We utilize these derived GRP cells in several experimental paradigms to test their response to select stresses consistent with PVL. GRP cells can be manipulated in vitro into OPCs and preOL for transplantation experiments with mouse PVL models and in vitro models of PVL-like insults including hypoxia-ischemia. By using cultured cells and in vitro studies there would be reduced variability between experiments which facilitates interpretation of the data. Cultured cells also allows for enrichment of the GRP population while minimizing the impact of contaminating cells of non-GRP phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- André W Phillips
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Johns Hopkins University.
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19
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Wang Y, Yang D, Song L, Li T, Yang J, Zhang X, Le W. Mifepristone-inducible caspase-1 expression in mouse embryonic stem cells eliminates tumor formation but spares differentiated cells in vitro and in vivo. Stem Cells 2012; 30:169-79. [PMID: 22131096 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cell (ESC)-based therapy is a promising treatment for neurodegenerative diseases. But there is always a risk of tumor formation that is due to contamination of undifferentiated ESCs. To reduce the risk and improve ESC-based therapy, we have established a novel strategy by which we can selectively eliminate tumor cells derived from undifferentiated ESCs but spare differentiated cells. In this study, we generated a caspase-1-ESC line transfected with a mifepristone-regulated caspase-1 expression system. Mifepristone induced caspase-1 overexpression both in differentiated and undifferentiated caspase-1-ESCs. All the undifferentiated caspase-1-ESCs were induced to death after mifepristone treatment. Tumors derived from undifferentiated caspase-1-ESCs were eliminated following 3 weeks of mifepristone treatment in vivo. However, differentiated caspase-1-ESCs survived well under the condition of mifepristone-induced caspase-1 overexpression. To examine in vivo the impact of mifepristone-induced caspase-1 activation on grafted cells, we transplanted wild-type ESCs or caspase-1-ESCs into nude mice brains. After 8 weeks of mifepristone treatment, we could not detect any tumor cells in the caspase-1-ESC grafts in the brains of mice. However, we found that donor dopamine neurons survived in the recipient brains. These data demonstrate that mifepristone-induced caspase-1 overexpression in ESCs can eliminate the potential tumor formation meanwhile spares the differentiated cells in the host brains. These results suggest that this novel ESC-based therapy can be used in Parkinson's disease and other related disorders without the risk of tumor formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine & Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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20
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Kollar K, Seifried E, Henschler R. Therapeutic potential of intravenously administered human mesenchymal stromal cells. Hamostaseologie 2012; 31:269-74. [PMID: 22064918 DOI: 10.5482/ha-1158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) represent a stem and progenitor cell population that has been shown to promote tissue recovery in pre-clinical and clinical studies. The study of MSC migration following systemic infusion of exogenous MSC is difficult. The challenges facing these efforts are due to a number of factors, including defining culture conditions for MSC, the phenotype of cultured MSC, the differences observed between cultured MSC and freshly isolated MSC. However, even if, MSC populations consist of a mixture of stem and more committed multipotent progenitors, it remains probable that these cell populations are still useful in the clinic as discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kollar
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immune Hematology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
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21
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Central to the obstacles to be overcome in moving promising cell-based therapies from the laboratory to the clinic is that of determining which of the many cell types being examined are optimal for repairing particular lesions. RECENT FINDINGS Our studies on astrocyte replacement therapies demonstrate clearly that some cells are far better than others at promoting recovery in spinal cord injury and that, at least in some cases, transplanting undifferentiated precursor cells is far less useful than transplanting specific astrocytes derived from those precursor cells. But further comparison between different approaches is hindered by the difficulties in replicating results between laboratories, even for well defined pharmacological agents and bioactive proteins. These difficulties in replication appear most likely to be due to unrecognized nuances in lesion characteristics and in the details of delivery of therapies. SUMMARY We propose that the challenge of reproducibility provides a critical opportunity for refining cell-based therapies. If the utility of a particular approach is so restricted that even small changes in lesions or treatment protocols eliminate benefit, then the variability inherent in clinical injuries will frustrate translation. In contrast, rising to this challenge may enable discovery of refinements needed to confer the robustness needed for successful clinical trials.
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22
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Shihabuddin LS, Cheng SH. Neural stem cell transplantation as a therapeutic approach for treating lysosomal storage diseases. Neurotherapeutics 2011; 8:659-67. [PMID: 21904790 PMCID: PMC3250293 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-011-0067-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Treating the central nervous system manifestations of subjects with neuropathic lysosomal storage diseases remains a major technical challenge. This is because of the low efficiency by which lysosomal enzymes in systemic circulation are able to traverse the blood brain barrier into the central nervous system. Intracranial transplantation of neural stems cells genetically modified to overexpress the respective deficient enzymes represents a potential approach to addressing this group of diseases. The unique properties of neural stem cells and progenitor cells, such as their ability to migrate to distal sites, differentiate into various cell types and integrate within the host brain without disrupting normal function, making them particularly attractive therapeutic agents. In addition, neural stem cells are amenable to ex vivo propagation and modification by gene transfer vectors. In this regard, transplanted cells can serve not only as a source of lysosomal enzymes but also as a means to potentially repair the injured brain by replenishing the organ with healthy cells and effecting the release of neuroprotective factors. This review discusses some of the well-characterized neural stem cell types and their possible use in treating neuropathic lysosomal storage diseases such as the Niemann Pick A disease.
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Serre A, Snyder EY, Mallet J, Buchet D. Overexpression of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors enhances neuronal differentiation of fetal human neural progenitor cells in various ways. Stem Cells Dev 2011; 21:539-53. [PMID: 21561385 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2011.0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In a perspective of regenerative medicine, multipotent human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) offer a therapeutic advantage over pluripotent stem cells in that they are already invariantly "neurally committed" and lack tumorigenicity. However, some of their intrinsic properties, such as slow differentiation and uncontrolled multipotency, remain among the obstacles to their routine use for transplantation. Although rodent NPCs have been genetically modified in vitro to overcome some of these limitations, the translation of this strategy to human cells remains in its early stages. In the present study, we compare the actions of 4 basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors on the proliferation, specification, and terminal differentiation of hNPCs isolated from the fetal dorsal telencephalon. Consistent with their proneural activity, Ngn1, Ngn2, Ngn3, and Mash1 prompted rapid commitment of the cells. The Ngns induced a decrease in proliferation, whereas Mash1 maintained committed progenitors in a proliferative state. As opposed to Ngn1 and Ngn3, which had no effect on glial differentiation, Ngn2 induced an increase in astrocytes in addition to neurons, whereas Mash1 led to both neuronal and oligodendroglial specification. GABAergic, cholinergic, and motor neuron differentiations were considerably increased by overexpression of Ngn2 and, to a lesser extent, of Ngn3 and Mash1. Thus, we provide evidence that hNPCs can be efficiently, rapidly, and safely expanded in vitro as well as rapidly differentiated toward mature neural (typically neuronal) lineages by the overexpression of select proneural genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angéline Serre
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, UMR-S975, Paris, France
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24
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Gonzalez-Perez O, Alvarez-Buylla A. Oligodendrogenesis in the subventricular zone and the role of epidermal growth factor. BRAIN RESEARCH REVIEWS 2011; 67:147-56. [PMID: 21236296 PMCID: PMC3109119 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2011.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Revised: 01/04/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Demyelinating diseases are characterized by an extensive loss of oligodendrocytes and myelin sheaths from axolemma. These neurological disorders are a common cause of disability in young adults, but so far, there is no effective treatment against them. It has been suggested that neural stem cells (NSCs) may play an important role in brain repair therapies. NSCs in the adult subventricular zone (SVZ), also known as Type-B cells, are multipotential cells that can self-renew and give rise to neurons and glia. Recent findings have shown that cells derived from SVZ Type-B cells actively respond to epidermal-growth-factor (EGF) stimulation becoming highly migratory and proliferative. Interestingly, a subpopulation of these EGF-activated cells expresses markers of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). When EGF administration is removed, SVZ-derived OPCs differentiate into myelinating and pre-myelinating oligodendrocytes in the white matter tracts of corpus callosum, fimbria fornix and striatum. In the presence of a demyelinating lesion, OPCs derived from EGF-stimulated SVZ progenitors contribute to myelin repair. Given their high migratory potential and their ability to differentiate into myelin-forming cells, SVZ NSCs represent an important endogenous source of OPCs for preserving the oligodendrocyte population in the white matter and for the repair of demyelinating injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Gonzalez-Perez
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Psychology, University of Colima, Colima, Colima 28040, Mexico.
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25
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Azari H, Osborne GW, Yasuda T, Golmohammadi MG, Rahman M, Deleyrolle LP, Esfandiari E, Adams DJ, Scheffler B, Steindler DA, Reynolds BA. Purification of immature neuronal cells from neural stem cell progeny. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20941. [PMID: 21687800 PMCID: PMC3109004 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Large-scale proliferation and multi-lineage differentiation capabilities make neural stem cells (NSCs) a promising renewable source of cells for therapeutic applications. However, the practical application for neuronal cell replacement is limited by heterogeneity of NSC progeny, relatively low yield of neurons, predominance of astrocytes, poor survival of donor cells following transplantation and the potential for uncontrolled proliferation of precursor cells. To address these impediments, we have developed a method for the generation of highly enriched immature neurons from murine NSC progeny. Adaptation of the standard differentiation procedure in concert with flow cytometry selection, using scattered light and positive fluorescent light selection based on cell surface antibody binding, provided a near pure (97%) immature neuron population. Using the purified neurons, we screened a panel of growth factors and found that bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4) demonstrated a strong survival effect on the cells in vitro, and enhanced their functional maturity. This effect was maintained following transplantation into the adult mouse striatum where we observed a 2-fold increase in the survival of the implanted cells and a 3-fold increase in NeuN expression. Additionally, based on the neural-colony forming cell assay (N-CFCA), we noted a 64 fold reduction of the bona fide NSC frequency in neuronal cell population and that implanted donor cells showed no signs of excessive or uncontrolled proliferation. The ability to provide defined neural cell populations from renewable sources such as NSC may find application for cell replacement therapies in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Azari
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Department of Anatomical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Neurosurgery, McKnight Brain Institute, The University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Geoffrey W. Osborne
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Takahiro Yasuda
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Health Innovations Research Institute, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mohammad G. Golmohammadi
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Ardebil University of Medical Sciences, Ardebil, Iran
| | - Maryam Rahman
- Department of Neurosurgery, McKnight Brain Institute, The University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Loic P. Deleyrolle
- Department of Neurosurgery, McKnight Brain Institute, The University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Ebrahim Esfandiari
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - David J. Adams
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Health Innovations Research Institute, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bjorn Scheffler
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dennis A. Steindler
- Department of Neurosurgery, McKnight Brain Institute, The University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Brent A. Reynolds
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, McKnight Brain Institute, The University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Sierra A, Encinas JM, Maletic-Savatic M. Adult human neurogenesis: from microscopy to magnetic resonance imaging. Front Neurosci 2011; 5:47. [PMID: 21519376 PMCID: PMC3075882 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2011.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 03/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells reside in well-defined areas of the adult human brain and are capable of generating new neurons throughout the life span. In rodents, it is well established that the new born neurons are involved in olfaction as well as in certain forms of memory and learning. In humans, the functional relevance of adult human neurogenesis is being investigated, in particular its implication in the etiopathology of a variety of brain disorders. Adult neurogenesis in the human brain was discovered by utilizing methodologies directly imported from the rodent research, such as immunohistological detection of proliferation and cell-type specific biomarkers in postmortem or biopsy tissue. However, in the vast majority of cases, these methods do not support longitudinal studies; thus, the capacity of the putative stem cells to form new neurons under different disease conditions cannot be tested. More recently, new technologies have been specifically developed for the detection and quantification of neural stem cells in the living human brain. These technologies rely on the use of magnetic resonance imaging, available in hospitals worldwide. Although they require further validation in rodents and primates, these new methods hold the potential to test the contribution of adult human neurogenesis to brain function in both health and disease. This review reports on the current knowledge on adult human neurogenesis. We first review the different methods available to assess human neurogenesis, both ex vivo and in vivo and then appraise the changes of adult neurogenesis in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Sierra
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's HospitalHouston, TX, USA
| | - Juan M. Encinas
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's HospitalHouston, TX, USA
| | - Mirjana Maletic-Savatic
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's HospitalHouston, TX, USA
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Goldman SA. Progenitor cell-based treatment of the pediatric myelin disorders. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 68:848-56. [PMID: 21403006 DOI: 10.1001/archneurol.2011.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven A Goldman
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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Sundberg M, Andersson PH, Åkesson E, Odeberg J, Holmberg L, Inzunza J, Falci S, Öhman J, Suuronen R, Skottman H, Lehtimäki K, Hovatta O, Narkilahti S, Sundström E. Markers of pluripotency and differentiation in human neural precursor cells derived from embryonic stem cells and CNS tissue. Cell Transplant 2010; 20:177-91. [PMID: 20875224 DOI: 10.3727/096368910x527266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell transplantation therapies for central nervous system (CNS) deficits such as spinal cord injury (SCI) have been shown to be effective in several animal models. One cell type that has been transplanted is neural precursor cells (NPCs), for which there are several possible sources. We have studied NPCs derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human fetal CNS tissue (hfNPCs), cultured as neurospheres, and the expression of pluripotency and neural genes during neural induction and in vitro differentiation. mRNA for the pluripotency markers Nanog, Oct-4, Gdf3, and DNMT3b were downregulated during neural differentiation of hESCs. mRNA for these markers was found in nonpluripotent hfNPC at higher levels compared to hESC-NPCs. However, Oct-4 protein was found in hESC-NPCs after 8 weeks of culture, but not in hfNPCs. Similarly, SSEA-4 and CD326 were only found in hESC-NPCs. NPCs from both sources differentiated as expected to cells with typical features of neurons and astrocytes. The expressions of neuronal markers in hESC-NPCs were affected by the composition of cell culture medium, while this did not affect hfNPCs. Transplantation of hESC-NPC or hfNPC neurospheres into immunodeficient mouse testis or subcutaneous tissue did not result in tumor formation. In contrast, typical teratomas appeared in all animals after transplantation of hESC-NPCs to injured or noninjured spinal cords of immunodeficient rats. Our data show that transplantation to the subcutaneous tissue or the testes of immunodeficient mice is not a reliable method for evaluation of the tumor risk of remaining pluripotent cells in grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sundberg
- Regea-Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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White TE, Lane MA, Sandhu MS, O'Steen BE, Fuller DD, Reier PJ. Neuronal progenitor transplantation and respiratory outcomes following upper cervical spinal cord injury in adult rats. Exp Neurol 2010; 225:231-6. [PMID: 20599981 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2010.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2010] [Revised: 05/27/2010] [Accepted: 06/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite extensive gray matter loss following spinal cord injury (SCI), little attention has been given to neuronal replacement strategies and their effects on specific functional circuits in the injured spinal cord. In the present study, we assessed breathing behavior and phrenic nerve electrophysiological activity following transplantation of microdissected dorsal or ventral pieces of rat fetal spinal cord tissue (FSC(D) or FSC(V), respectively) into acute, cervical (C2) spinal hemisections. Transneuronal tracing demonstrated connectivity between donor neurons from both sources and the host phrenic circuitry. Phrenic nerve recordings revealed differential effects of dorsally vs. ventrally derived neural progenitors on ipsilateral phrenic nerve recovery and activity. These initial results suggest that local gray matter repair can influence motoneuron function in targeted circuits following spinal cord injury and that outcomes will be dependent on the properties and phenotypic fates of the donor cells employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd E White
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine and McKnight Brain Institute, PO Box 100244, 100 S. Newell Dr., Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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Abstract
Stem cells represent a unique opportunity for regenerative medicine to cure a broad number of diseases for which current treatment only alleviates symptoms or retards further disease progression. However, the number of stem cells available has speedily increased these past 10 years and their diversity presents new challenges to clinicians and basic scientists who intend to use them in clinics or to study their unique properties. In addition, the recent possibility to derive pluripotent stem cells from somatic cells using epigenetic reprogramming has further increased the clinical interest of stem cells since induced pluripotent stem cells could render personalized cell-based therapy possible. The present review will attempt to summarize the advantages and challenges of each type of stem cell for current and future clinical applications using specific examples.
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31
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Radojevic V, Kapfhammer JP. Directed fiber outgrowth from transplanted embryonic cortex-derived neurospheres in the adult mouse brain. Neural Plast 2010; 2009:852492. [PMID: 20169102 PMCID: PMC2821778 DOI: 10.1155/2009/852492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2009] [Revised: 10/22/2009] [Accepted: 11/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural transplantation has emerged as an attractive strategy for the replacement of neurons that have been lost in the central nervous system. Multipotent neural progenitor cells are potentially useful as donor cells to repopulate the degenerated regions. One important aspect of a transplantation strategy is whether transplanted cells are capable of fiber outgrowth with the aim of rebuilding axonal connections within the host brain. To address this issue, we expanded neuronal progenitor from the cortex of embryonic day 15 ubiquitously green fluorescent protein-expressing transgenic mice as neurospheres in vitro and grafted them into the entorhinal cortex of 8-week-old mice immediately after a perforant pathway lesion. After transplantation into a host brain with a lesion of the entorhino-hippocampal projection, the neurosphere-derived cells extended long fiber projections directed towards the dentate gyrus. Our results indicate that transplantation of neurosphere-derived cells might be a promising strategy to replace lost or damaged axonal projections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Radojevic
- HNO Klinik, ZLF 411, University of Basel, Hebelstr. 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine, Anatomical Institute, University of Basel, Pestalozzistr. 20, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Josef P. Kapfhammer
- Department of Biomedicine, Anatomical Institute, University of Basel, Pestalozzistr. 20, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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33
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Parenteau NL. Commercial development of cell-based therapeutics: strategic considerations along the drug to tissue spectrum. Regen Med 2009; 4:601-11. [PMID: 19580408 DOI: 10.2217/rme.09.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In cell-based therapy, the process defines the product and the biological interaction between implant and host determines the outcome. Developing the optimum combination of process, product and a clinically relevant effect has been a challenge, leaving many potential therapies stalled in early clinical studies. This special report discusses pivotal factors in the development of cell-based technologies, irrespective of where they fit on the spectrum from cell-based drug to tissue construct, and how we can ensure delivery of an effective product to the clinic and the marketplace. Epidermal cell-based therapies serve as an historical lesson.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy L Parenteau
- Parenteau BioConsultants, LLC, PO Box 448, Fair Haven, VT 05743, USA.
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34
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Yu D, Neeley WL, Pritchard CD, Slotkin JR, Woodard EJ, Langer R, Teng YD. Blockade of peroxynitrite-induced neural stem cell death in the acutely injured spinal cord by drug-releasing polymer. Stem Cells 2009; 27:1212-22. [PMID: 19418456 DOI: 10.1002/stem.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic impact of neural stem cells (NSCs) for acute spinal cord injury (SCI) has been limited by the rapid loss of donor cells. Neuroinflammation is likely the cause. As there are close temporal-spatial correlations between the inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase expression and the donor NSC death after neurotrauma, we reasoned that NO-associated radical species might be the inflammatory effectors which eliminate NSC grafts and kill host neurons. To test this hypothesis, human NSCs (hNSCs: 5 x 10(4) to 2 x 10(6) per milliliter) were treated in vitro with "plain" medium, 20 microM glutamate, or donors of NO and peroxynitrite (ONOO(-); 100 and 400 microM of spermine or DETA NONOate, and SIN-1, respectively). hNSC apoptosis primarily resulted from SIN-1 treatment, showing ONOO(-)-triggered protein nitration and the activation of p38 MAPK, cytochrome c release, and caspases. Therefore, cell death following post-SCI (p.i.) NO surge may be mediated through conversion of NO into ONOO(-). We subsequently examined such causal relationship in a rat model of dual penetrating SCI using a retrievable design of poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) scaffold seeded with hNSCs that was shielded by drug-releasing polymer. Besides confirming the ONOO(-)-induced cell death signaling, we demonstrated that cotransplantation of PLGA film embedded with ONOO(-) scavenger, manganese (III) tetrakis (4-benzoic acid) porphyrin, or uric acid (1 micromol per film), markedly protected hNSCs 24 hours p.i. (total: n = 10). Our findings may provide a bioengineering approach for investigating mechanisms underlying the host microenvironment and donor NSC interaction and help formulate strategies for enhancing graft and host cell survival after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dou Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, The Brigham and Women's Hospital and Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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35
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Buchet D, Baron-Van Evercooren A. In search of human oligodendroglia for myelin repair. Neurosci Lett 2009; 456:112-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2008.09.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2008] [Revised: 08/15/2008] [Accepted: 09/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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36
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Emgård M, Holmberg L, Samuelsson EB, Bahr BA, Falci S, Seiger Å, Sundström E. Human neural precursor cells continue to proliferate and exhibit low cell death after transplantation to the injured rat spinal cord. Brain Res 2009; 1278:15-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2008] [Revised: 03/24/2009] [Accepted: 04/07/2009] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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37
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Role of ubiquitin ligases in neural stem and progenitor cells. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2009; 57:177-88. [DOI: 10.1007/s00005-009-0019-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2008] [Accepted: 01/30/2009] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Podrygajlo G, Tegenge MA, Gierse A, Paquet-Durand F, Tan S, Bicker G, Stern M. Cellular phenotypes of human model neurons (NT2) after differentiation in aggregate culture. Cell Tissue Res 2009; 336:439-52. [PMID: 19377856 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-009-0783-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2008] [Accepted: 02/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The well-characterized human teratocarcinoma line Ntera2 (NT2) can be differentiated into mature neurons. We have significantly shortened the time-consuming process for generating postmitotic neurons to approximately 4 weeks by introducing a differentiation protocol for free-floating cell aggregates and a subsequent purification step. Here, we characterize the neurochemical phenotypes of the neurons derived from this cell aggregate method. During differentiation, the NT2 cells lose immunoreactivity for vimentin and nestin filaments, which are characteristic for the immature state of neuronal precursors. Instead, they acquire typical neuronal markers such as beta-tubulin type III, microtubule-associated protein 2, and phosphorylated tau, but no astrocyte markers such as glial fibrillary acidic protein. They grow neural processes that express punctate immunoreactivity for synapsin and synaptotagmin suggesting the formation of presynaptic structures. Despite their common clonal origin, neurons cultured for 2-4 weeks in vitro comprise a heterogeneous population expressing several neurotransmitter phenotypes. Approximately 40% of the neurons display glutamatergic markers. A minority of neurons is immunoreactive for serotonin, gamma-amino-butyric acid, and its synthesizing enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase. We have found no evidence for a dopaminergic phenotype. Subgroups of NT2 neurons respond to the application of nitric oxide donors with the synthesis of cGMP. A major subset shows immunoreactivity to the cholinergic markers choline acetyl-transferase, vesicular acetylcholine transporter, and the non-phosphorylated form of neurofilament H, all indicative of motor neurons. The NT2 system may thus be well suited for research related to motor neuron diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Podrygajlo
- Division of Cell Biology, Institute of Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173, Hannover, Germany
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Amariglio N, Hirshberg A, Scheithauer BW, Cohen Y, Loewenthal R, Trakhtenbrot L, Paz N, Koren-Michowitz M, Waldman D, Leider-Trejo L, Toren A, Constantini S, Rechavi G. Donor-derived brain tumor following neural stem cell transplantation in an ataxia telangiectasia patient. PLoS Med 2009; 6:e1000029. [PMID: 19226183 PMCID: PMC2642879 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 618] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2007] [Accepted: 12/24/2008] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neural stem cells are currently being investigated as potential therapies for neurodegenerative diseases, stroke, and trauma. However, concerns have been raised over the safety of this experimental therapeutic approach, including, for example, whether there is the potential for tumors to develop from transplanted stem cells. METHODS AND FINDINGS A boy with ataxia telangiectasia (AT) was treated with intracerebellar and intrathecal injection of human fetal neural stem cells. Four years after the first treatment he was diagnosed with a multifocal brain tumor. The biopsied tumor was diagnosed as a glioneuronal neoplasm. We compared the tumor cells and the patient's peripheral blood cells by fluorescent in situ hybridization using X and Y chromosome probes, by PCR for the amelogenin gene X- and Y-specific alleles, by MassArray for the ATM patient specific mutation and for several SNPs, by PCR for polymorphic microsatellites, and by human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing. Molecular and cytogenetic studies showed that the tumor was of nonhost origin suggesting it was derived from the transplanted neural stem cells. Microsatellite and HLA analysis demonstrated that the tumor is derived from at least two donors. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of a human brain tumor complicating neural stem cell therapy. The findings here suggest that neuronal stem/progenitor cells may be involved in gliomagenesis and provide the first example of a donor-derived brain tumor. Further work is urgently needed to assess the safety of these therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninette Amariglio
- Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Institute of Hematology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Abraham Hirshberg
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Bernd W Scheithauer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Yoram Cohen
- Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Ron Loewenthal
- Tissue Typing Laboratory, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Nurit Paz
- Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Dalia Waldman
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Amos Toren
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Shlomi Constantini
- Pediatric Neurosurgery, Dana Children's Hospital, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Gideon Rechavi
- Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Matsuda R, Yoshikawa M, Kimura H, Ouji Y, Nakase H, Nishimura F, Nonaka JI, Toriumi H, Yamada S, Nishiofuku M, Moriya K, Ishizaka S, Nakamura M, Sakaki T. Cotransplantation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells and Bone Marrow Stromal Cells following Spinal Cord Injury Suppresses Tumor Development. Cell Transplant 2009; 18:39-54. [DOI: 10.3727/096368909788237122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic stem (ES) cells are a potential source for treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI). Although one of the main problems of ES cell-based cell therapy is tumor formation, there is no ideal method to suppress tumor development. In this study, we examined whether transplantation with bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) prevented tumor formation in SCI model mice that received ES cell-derived grafts containing both undifferentiated ES cells and neural stem cells. Embryoid bodies (EBs) formed in 4-day hanging drop cultures were treated with retinoic acid (RA) at a low concentration of 5 × 10–9 M for 4 days, in order to allow some of the ES cells to remain in an undifferentiated state. RA-treated EBs were enzymatically digested into single cells and used as ES cell-derived graft cells. Mice transplanted with ES cell-derived graft cells alone developed tumors at the grafted site and behavioral improvement ceased after day 21. In contrast, no tumor development was observed in mice cotransplanted with BMSCs, which also showed sustained behavioral improvement. In vitro results demonstrated the disappearance of SSEA-1 expression in cytochemical examinations, as well as attenuated mRNA expressions of the undifferentiated markers Oct3/4, Utf1, Nanog, Sox2, and ERas by RT-PCR in RA-treated EBs cocultured with BMSCs. In addition, MAP2-immunopositive cells appeared in the EBs cocultured with BMSCs. Furthermore, the synthesis of NGF, GDNF, and BDNF was confirmed in cultured BMSCs, while immunohistochemical examinations demonstrated the survival of BMSCs and their maintained ability of neurotrophic factor production at the grafted site for up to 5 weeks after transplantation. These results suggest that BMSCs induce undifferentiated ES cells to differentiate into a neuronal lineage by neurotrophic factor production, resulting in suppression of tumor formation. Cotransplantation of BMSCs with ES cell-derived graft cells may be useful for preventing the development of ES cell-derived tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Matsuda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Nara 634–8521, Japan
| | - Masahide Yoshikawa
- Department of Parasitology, Nara Medical University, Nara 634–8521, Japan
| | - Hajime Kimura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Nara 634–8521, Japan
| | - Yukiteru Ouji
- Department of Parasitology, Nara Medical University, Nara 634–8521, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakase
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Nara 634–8521, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Nishimura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Nara 634–8521, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Nonaka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Nara 634–8521, Japan
| | - Hayato Toriumi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Nara 634–8521, Japan
| | - Shuichi Yamada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Nara 634–8521, Japan
| | - Mariko Nishiofuku
- Department of Parasitology, Nara Medical University, Nara 634–8521, Japan
| | - Kei Moriya
- Department of Parasitology, Nara Medical University, Nara 634–8521, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Ishizaka
- Department of Parasitology, Nara Medical University, Nara 634–8521, Japan
| | | | - Toshisuke Sakaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Nara 634–8521, Japan
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Behrstock S, Ebert AD, Klein S, Schmitt M, Moore JM, Svendsen CN. Lesion-induced increase in survival and migration of human neural progenitor cells releasing GDNF. Cell Transplant 2008; 17:753-62. [PMID: 19044202 DOI: 10.3727/096368908786516819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of human neural progenitor cells (hNPC) has been proposed to provide neuronal replacement or astrocytes delivering growth factors for brain disorders such as Parkinson's and Huntington's disease. Success in such studies likely requires migration from the site of transplantation and integration into host tissue in the face of ongoing damage. In the current study, hNPC modified to release glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (hNPCGDNF) were transplanted into either intact or lesioned animals. GDNF release itself had no effect on the survival, migration, or differentiation of the cells. The most robust migration and survival was found using a direct lesion of striatum (Huntington's model) with indirect lesions of the dopamine system (Parkinson's model) or intact animals showing successively less migration and survival. No lesion affected differentiation patterns. We conclude that the type of brain injury dictates migration and integration of hNPC, which has important consequences when considering transplantation of these cells as a therapy for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soshana Behrstock
- The Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53705-2280, USA
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42
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Functions and effects of creatine in the central nervous system. Brain Res Bull 2008; 76:329-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2008.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2007] [Revised: 02/15/2008] [Accepted: 02/25/2008] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Abstract
New fundamental results on stem cell biology have been obtained in the past 15 years. These results allow us to reinterpret the functioning of the cerebral tissue in health and disease. Proliferating stem cells have been found in the adult brain, which can be involved in postinjury repair and can replace dead cells under specific conditions. Numerous genomic mechanisms controlling stem cell proliferation and differentiation have been identified. The involvement of stem cells in the genesis of malignant tumors has been demonstrated. Neural stem cell tropism toward tumors has been shown. These findings suggest new lines of research on brain functioning and development. Stem cells can be used to develop radically new treatments of neurodegenerative and cancer diseases of the brain.
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44
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Glaser T, Schmandt T, Brüstle O. Generation and potential biomedical applications of embryonic stem cell-derived glial precursors. J Neurol Sci 2008; 265:47-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2007.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2007] [Revised: 09/03/2007] [Accepted: 09/07/2007] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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45
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Duncan ID, Goldman S, Macklin WB, Rao M, Weiner LP, Reingold SC. Stem cell therapy in multiple sclerosis: promise and controversy. Mult Scler 2008; 14:541-6. [DOI: 10.1177/1352458507087324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells offer the potential for regeneration of lost tissue in neurological disease, including multiple sclerosis (MS). Their development in vitro and their use in vivo in animal models of degenerative neurological disease and recent first efforts in human clinical trials were the topics of a recent international meeting sponsored by the Multiple Sclerosis International Federation and the National Multiple Sclerosis Society on “Stem Cells & MS: Prospects and Strategies” Participants reviewed the current state of knowledge about the potential use of stem and progenitor cells in MS and other degenerative neurological disorders and outlined a series of urgent fundamental and applied clinical research priorities that should allow the potential of regeneration of damaged tissue in MS to be assessed and pursued.
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Affiliation(s)
- ID Duncan
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - S Goldman
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - WB Macklin
- Department of Neurosciences, The Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - M Rao
- Regenerative Medicine, Invitrogen Corporation, Timonium, Maryland, USA
| | - LP Weiner
- Keck School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - SC Reingold
- National Multiple Sclerosis Society and Scientific and Clinical Review Associates, LLC, New York City, New York, USA,
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46
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Abstract
ES cell research represents an exploding field of exploration. Initially predicted to provide rapid cures for numerous human diseases, the clinical usefulness of ES cell-derived cells remains untested in humans. However, ES cells have rapidly expanded our knowledge of human development and the molecular details of differentiation. Our ability to generate relatively pure populations of specifically differentiated cells for transplantation has markedly improved. It is hoped that soon researchers will overcome the biologic impediments to successful treatment of human disease with ES cell-derived cells.
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47
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Kayama M, Kurokawa MS, Ueno H, Suzuki N. Recent advances in corneal regeneration and possible application of embryonic stem cell-derived corneal epithelial cells. Clin Ophthalmol 2007; 1:373-82. [PMID: 19668514 PMCID: PMC2704521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The depletion of limbal stem cells due to various diseases leads to corneal opacification and visual loss. The unequivocal identification and isolation of limbal stem cells may be a considerable advantage because long-term, functional recovery of corneal epithelium is linked to graft constructs that retain viable stem cell populations. As specific markers of limbal stem cells, the ATP-binding cassette, sub-family G, member2 (ABCG2), a member of the multiple drug-resistance (MDR) family of membrane transporters which leads to a side population phenotype, and transcription factor p63 were proposed recently. Conventional corneal transplantation is not applicable for patients with limbal stem cells deficiency, because the conventional allograft lacks limbal stem cells. The introduction of limbal epithelial cell transplantation was a major advance in the therapeutic techniques for reconstruction of the corneal surface. Limbal epithelial cell transplantation is clinically conducted when cultured allografts as well as autografts are available; however, allografts have a risk of immunologic rejection and autografts are hardly available for patients with bilateral ocular surface disorders. Embryonic stem (ES) cells are characterized by their capacity to proliferate indefinitely and to differentiate into any cell type. We induced corneal epithelial cells from ES cells by culturing them on type IV collagen or alternatively, by introduction of the pax6 gene into ES cells. Recent advances in our study supports the possibility of their clinical use as a cell source for reconstruction of the damaged corneal surface. This review summarizes the recent advances in corneal regeneration therapies and the possible application of ES cell-derived corneal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Kayama
- Department of Ophthalmology,Departments of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Manae S Kurokawa
- Departments of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | | | - Noboru Suzuki
- Departments of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan;,Department of Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Advanced Medical Science, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan,Correspondence: Noboru Suzuki, Departments of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan, Tel +81 44 977 8111 ext 3545, Fax +81 44 975 3315, Email
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48
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Manganas LN, Zhang X, Li Y, Hazel RD, Smith SD, Wagshul ME, Henn F, Benveniste H, Djurić PM, Enikolopov G, Maletić-Savatić M. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy identifies neural progenitor cells in the live human brain. Science 2007; 318:980-5. [PMID: 17991865 PMCID: PMC4039561 DOI: 10.1126/science.1147851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 309] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The identification of neural stem and progenitor cells (NPCs) by in vivo brain imaging could have important implications for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic purposes. We describe a metabolic biomarker for the detection and quantification of NPCs in the human brain in vivo. We used proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to identify and characterize a biomarker in which NPCs are enriched and demonstrated its use as a reference for monitoring neurogenesis. To detect low concentrations of NPCs in vivo, we developed a signal processing method that enabled the use of magnetic resonance spectroscopy for the analysis of the NPC biomarker in both the rodent brain and the hippocampus of live humans. Our findings thus open the possibility of investigating the role of NPCs and neurogenesis in a wide variety of human brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis N. Manganas
- SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | | | - Yao Li
- SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Raphael D. Hazel
- SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11719, USA
| | | | | | - Fritz Henn
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11719, USA
| | - Helene Benveniste
- SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11719, USA
| | | | | | - Mirjana Maletić-Savatić
- SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
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49
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Cook G, Fawcett J, Keynes R, Tessier-Lavigne M. Introduction. The regenerating brain. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2006.1893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Cook
- Department of Physiology, Development and NeuroscienceUniversity of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG
| | - James Fawcett
- Department of Physiology, Development and NeuroscienceUniversity of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG
| | - Roger Keynes
- Department of Physiology, Development and NeuroscienceUniversity of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG
| | - Marc Tessier-Lavigne
- Center for Brain Development, Howard Hughes Medical Institute513 Parnassus Avenue 51479, San Francisco, CA 94143-0452, USA
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