1
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Yamaguchi R. Intermediate dispersal hypothesis of species diversity: New insights. Ecol Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Yamaguchi
- Department of Advanced Transdisciplinary Science Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan
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2
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Jensen EL, Quinzin MC, Miller JM, Russello MA, Garrick RC, Edwards DL, Glaberman S, Chiari Y, Poulakakis N, Tapia W, Gibbs JP, Caccone A. A new lineage of Galapagos giant tortoises identified from museum samples. Heredity (Edinb) 2022; 128:261-270. [PMID: 35217806 PMCID: PMC8987048 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-022-00510-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Galapagos Archipelago is recognized as a natural laboratory for studying evolutionary processes. San Cristóbal was one of the first islands colonized by tortoises, which radiated from there across the archipelago to inhabit 10 islands. Here, we sequenced the mitochondrial control region from six historical giant tortoises from San Cristóbal (five long deceased individuals found in a cave and one found alive during an expedition in 1906) and discovered that the five from the cave are from a clade that is distinct among known Galapagos giant tortoises but closely related to the species from Española and Pinta Islands. The haplotype of the individual collected alive in 1906 is in the same clade as the haplotype in the contemporary population. To search for traces of a second lineage in the contemporary population on San Cristóbal, we closely examined the population by sequencing the mitochondrial control region for 129 individuals and genotyping 70 of these for both 21 microsatellite loci and >12,000 genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs]. Only a single mitochondrial haplotype was found, with no evidence to suggest substructure based on the nuclear markers. Given the geographic and temporal proximity of the two deeply divergent mitochondrial lineages in the historical samples, they were likely sympatric, raising the possibility that the lineages coexisted. Without the museum samples, this important discovery of an additional lineage of Galapagos giant tortoise would not have been possible, underscoring the value of such collections and providing insights into the early evolution of this iconic radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn L Jensen
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. .,School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Maud C Quinzin
- MIT Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joshua M Miller
- Department of Biological Sciences, MacEwan University, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Michael A Russello
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Ryan C Garrick
- Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Danielle L Edwards
- Department of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Scott Glaberman
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Ylenia Chiari
- Department of Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Nikos Poulakakis
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Crete, Irakleio, Greece.,The Natural History Museum of Crete, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Crete, Irakleio, Greece
| | - Washington Tapia
- Galapagos Conservancy, 11150 Fairfax Boulevard #408, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA.,University of Málaga, Campus Teatinos, Apdo. 59, 29080, Málaga, Spain
| | - James P Gibbs
- Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Adalgisa Caccone
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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3
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Crombie TA, Battlay P, Tanny RE, Evans KS, Buchanan CM, Cook DE, Dilks CM, Stinson LA, Zdraljevic S, Zhang G, Roberto NM, Lee D, Ailion M, Hodgins KA, Andersen EC. Local adaptation and spatiotemporal patterns of genetic diversity revealed by repeated sampling of Caenorhabditis elegans across the Hawaiian Islands. Mol Ecol 2022; 31:2327-2347. [PMID: 35167162 PMCID: PMC9306471 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is among the most widely studied organisms, but relatively little is known about its natural ecology. Genetic diversity is low across much of the globe but high in the Hawaiian Islands and across the Pacific Rim. To characterize the niche and genetic diversity of C. elegans on the Hawaiian Islands and to explore how genetic diversity might be influenced by local adaptation, we repeatedly sampled nematodes over a three‐year period, measured various environmental parameters at each sampling site, and whole‐genome sequenced the C. elegans isolates that we identified. We found that the typical Hawaiian C. elegans niche comprises moderately moist native forests at high elevations (500–1,500 m) where ambient air temperatures are cool (15–20°C). Compared to other Caenorhabditis species found on the Hawaiian Islands (e.g., Caenorhabditis briggsae and Caenorhabditis tropicalis), we found that C. elegans were enriched in native habitats. We measured levels of genetic diversity and differentiation among Hawaiian C. elegans and found evidence of seven genetically distinct groups distributed across the islands. Then, we scanned these genomes for signatures of local adaptation and identified 18 distinct regions that overlap with hyper‐divergent regions, which may be maintained by balancing selection and are enriched for genes related to environmental sensing, xenobiotic detoxification, and pathogen resistance. These results provide strong evidence of local adaptation among Hawaiian C. elegans and contribute to our understanding of the forces that shape genetic diversity on the most remote volcanic archipelago in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A Crombie
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Paul Battlay
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Robyn E Tanny
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Kathryn S Evans
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Claire M Buchanan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Daniel E Cook
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.,Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Clayton M Dilks
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.,Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Loraina A Stinson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.,Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Stefan Zdraljevic
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.,Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Gaotian Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Nicole M Roberto
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Daehan Lee
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Michael Ailion
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kathryn A Hodgins
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Erik C Andersen
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
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4
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Hirano T, Saito T, Viktor von Oheimb P, C M von Oheimb K, Van Do T, Yamazaki D, Kameda Y, Chiba S. Patterns of diversification of the operculate land snail genus Cyclophorus (Caenogastropoda: Cyclophoridae) on the Ryukyu Islands, Japan. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2022; 169:107407. [PMID: 35031464 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The Ryukyu Islands, an island chain in southwestern Japan, originated from land masses that separated from the Eurasian continent due to the formation of sea barriers about 1.55 million years ago. In this study, we investigated the phylogenetic relationships of the operculate land snail genus Cyclophorus (Caenogastropoda: Cyclophoridae) in the Ryukyu Archipelago and surrounding regions based on DNA sequence data. According to our results, all studied Cyclophorus specimens from Japan form a monophyletic group containing eight subclades. Six of these subclades were found only on the Ryukyu Islands. On most islands of the Ryukyu Archipelago, no more than one Cyclophorus subclade was recorded, which may be due to limited ecological niche space and competition. No subclade was found to occur on both sides of the Watase Line, a regional zoogeographical boundary. Divergence times were estimated based on a time-calibrated phylogeny. We found that multiple splits among the Japanese Cyclophorus subclades predate the emergence of major sea barriers in the Ryukyu Archipelago. Vicariance due to sea barrier formation, as assumed for many other taxa from the region, was thus likely not the main driver for subclade divergence in these snails. Instead, certain geographical features might have shaped the diversification of subclades prior to sea barrier formation. Given that Cyclophorus populations were also present on islands that have never been connected to other land masses, the snails must have colonized them via oversea dispersal. As not all nominal taxa corresponded to monophyletic groups, our molecular phylogenetic approach revealed that a taxonomic revision of the Japanese Cyclophorus fauna is necessary. The eight subclades may be regarded as potential species-level groups based on COI p-distances. A canonical discriminant analysis using shell morphological data revealed slight differences among the subclades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Hirano
- Centre of Northeast Asian Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan; Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
| | - Takumi Saito
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Funabashi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Parm Viktor von Oheimb
- Museum für Naturkunde - Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina C M von Oheimb
- Museum für Naturkunde - Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tu Van Do
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Water Environment, Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ha Noi, Vietnam; Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Daishi Yamazaki
- Centre of Northeast Asian Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kameda
- Center for Molecular Biodiversity Research, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Satoshi Chiba
- Centre of Northeast Asian Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan; Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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5
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Kanke E, Suzuki K, Sekiné K, Suzuki T, Hatta K, Yang MM, Tojo K. Unexpected population genetic structure in two closely related euphaeid damselflies from the Yaeyama and Taiwan Islands (Odonata: Euphaeidae). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blab061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In general, population genetics theory predicts that a fragmented smaller population will contain relatively less genetic diversity than a larger population, and so will have a higher rate of genetic fixation due to random genetic drift or inbreeding. However, in this study, having analysed the genetic structure of the mitochondrial DNA COI region between two closely related euphaeid damselflies, we obtained unexpected results which contradict the theoretically expected patterns. Despite their geographical proximity, Euphaea yayeyamana was clearly genetically isolated on Ishigaki and Iriomote Islands, and no haplotype crossovers were observed. Even within each island, several diverse haplotypes were observed, indicating a significantly high haplotype intra-island diversity. However, the genetic diversity within Taiwan’s population of Euphaea formosa was significantly lower than that within either Ishigaki or Iriomote Island, even though Taiwan is significantly larger, with high mountain ranges that reach c. 4000 m a.s.l. and an abundance of habitats, all factors that should contribute to high genetic diversity. The current low diversity status for Taiwan’s population may be due to genetic bottleneck effects. In contrast, despite the very small population sizes of Ishigaki and Iriomote Islands coupled with the effects of glacial and interglacial geological events, they have maintained markedly high genetic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Kanke
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Kohei Suzuki
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Kazuki Sekiné
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
- Faculty of Geo-environmental Science, Rissho University, Magechi, Kumagaya, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomoya Suzuki
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Kokichi Hatta
- Nagoya Women’s University, Shinji-cho, Mizuho Ward, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Entomology, National Chug Hsing University, South District, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Man-Miao Yang
- Department of Entomology, National Chug Hsing University, South District, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Koji Tojo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
- Institute of Mountain Science, Shinshu University, Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
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6
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Bowen BW, Forsman ZH, Whitney JL, Faucci A, Hoban M, Canfield SJ, Johnston EC, Coleman RR, Copus JM, Vicente J, Toonen RJ. Species Radiations in the Sea: What the Flock? J Hered 2021; 111:70-83. [PMID: 31943081 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esz075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Species flocks are proliferations of closely-related species, usually after colonization of depauperate habitat. These radiations are abundant on oceanic islands and in ancient freshwater lakes, but rare in marine habitats. This contrast is well documented in the Hawaiian Archipelago, where terrestrial examples include the speciose silverswords (sunflower family Asteraceae), Drosophila fruit flies, and honeycreepers (passerine birds), all derived from one or a few ancestral lineages. The marine fauna of Hawai'i is also the product of rare colonization events, but these colonizations usually yield only one species. Dispersal ability is key to understanding this evolutionary inequity. While terrestrial fauna rarely colonize between oceanic islands, marine fauna with pelagic larvae can make this leap in every generation. An informative exception is the marine fauna that lack a pelagic larval stage. These low-dispersal species emulate a "terrestrial" mode of reproduction (brooding, viviparity, crawl-away larvae), yielding marine species flocks in scattered locations around the world. Elsewhere, aquatic species flocks are concentrated in specific geographic settings, including the ancient lakes of Baikal (Siberia) and Tanganyika (eastern Africa), and Antarctica. These locations host multiple species flocks across a broad taxonomic spectrum, indicating a unifying evolutionary phenomenon. Hence marine species flocks can be singular cases that arise due to restricted dispersal or other intrinsic features, or they can be geographically clustered, promoted by extrinsic ecological circumstances. Here, we review and contrast intrinsic cases of species flocks in individual taxa, and extrinsic cases of geological/ecological opportunity, to elucidate the processes of species radiations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian W Bowen
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i, Kaneohe, HI
| | - Zac H Forsman
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i, Kaneohe, HI
| | - Jonathan L Whitney
- Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, HI
| | - Anuschka Faucci
- Math & Sciences Division, Leeward Community College, University of Hawai'i, Pearl City, HI
| | - Mykle Hoban
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i, Kaneohe, HI
| | | | - Erika C Johnston
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i, Kaneohe, HI
| | - Richard R Coleman
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i, Kaneohe, HI
| | - Joshua M Copus
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i, Kaneohe, HI
| | - Jan Vicente
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i, Kaneohe, HI
| | - Robert J Toonen
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i, Kaneohe, HI
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7
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Price MR, Hadfield MG, Knapp ISS, Toonen RJ, Forsman ZH. Evolutionary genomics of endangered Hawaiian tree snails (Achatinellidae: Achatinellinae) for conservation of adaptive capacity. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10993. [PMID: 33981486 PMCID: PMC8071074 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Phylogenomic studies can provide insights into speciation, adaptation, and extinction, while providing a roadmap for conservation. Hawaiian tree snails are a model system for an adaptive radiation facing an extinction crisis. In the last 5 years, nearly all populations of Hawaiian tree snails across the 30 remaining species in the subfamily Achatinellinae (Achatinellidae) have declined from hundreds or thousands in the wild down to undetectable levels. Nearly 100 species historically occurred across dramatic environmental gradients on five of the Hawaiian Islands, but habitat loss, overcollection, and predation by invasive species have decimated populations. As such, this system offers the opportunity to integrate efforts to conserve evolutionary potential into conservation planning for a rapidly declining subfamily. Here, we used genome-wide, restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (RADseq), along with mitochondrial genome reconstruction, to resolve evolutionary relationships to inform conservation efforts. Phylogenetic analysis of nearly 400k genome-wide SNPs from 59 populations and 25 species across six genera in the family Achatinellidae, was generally concordant with taxonomy, geography, and mtDNA with several notable exceptions; mtDNA was unable to resolve some deeper nodes (e.g., the monophyly of Achatinella), while SNP data did not resolve as many shallow nodes. Both phylogenetic and coalescent analysis revealed deep divergences between populations within Achatinella mustelina that were consistent with species-level differences. Given cryptic species-level divergence within populations that are geographically proximate, they are at higher risk of extirpation from invasive predators and climate change than previously assumed. This study clarifies evolutionary relationships within this model system for adaptive radiation, forming the basis for conservation strategies such as translocation, captive rearing, and hybridization trials to prevent the loss of capacity to adapt to rapidly changing environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa R Price
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Michael G Hadfield
- Kewalo Marine Laboratory, Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Ingrid S S Knapp
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Kāne'ohe, HI, USA
| | - Robert J Toonen
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Kāne'ohe, HI, USA
| | - Zac H Forsman
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Kāne'ohe, HI, USA
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8
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Stelbrink B, Richter R, Köhler F, Riedel F, Strong EE, Van Bocxlaer B, Albrecht C, Hauffe T, Page TJ, Aldridge DC, Bogan AE, Du LN, Manuel-Santos MR, Marwoto RM, Shirokaya AA, Von Rintelen T. Global Diversification Dynamics Since the Jurassic: Low Dispersal and Habitat-Dependent Evolution Explain Hotspots of Diversity and Shell Disparity in River Snails (Viviparidae). Syst Biol 2021; 69:944-961. [PMID: 32061133 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syaa011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The Viviparidae, commonly known as River Snails, is a dominant group of freshwater snails with a nearly worldwide distribution that reaches its highest taxonomic and morphological diversity in Southeast Asia. The rich fossil record is indicative of a probable Middle Jurassic origin on the Laurasian supercontinent where the group started to diversify during the Cretaceous. However, it remains uncertain when and how the biodiversity hotspot in Southeast Asia was formed. Here, we used a comprehensive genetic data set containing both mitochondrial and nuclear markers and comprising species representing 24 out of 28 genera from throughout the range of the family. To reconstruct the spatiotemporal evolution of viviparids on a global scale, we reconstructed a fossil-calibrated phylogeny. We further assessed the roles of cladogenetic and anagenetic events in range evolution. Finally, we reconstructed the evolution of shell features by estimating ancestral character states to assess whether the appearance of sculptured shell morphologies was driven by major habitat shifts. The molecular phylogeny supports the monophyly of the three subfamilies, the Bellamyinae, Lioplacinae, and Viviparinae, but challenges the currently accepted genus-level classification in several cases. The almost global distribution of River Snails has been influenced both by comparatively ancient vicariance and more recent founder events. In Southeast Asia, Miocene dispersal was a main factor in shaping the modern species distributions. A recurrent theme across different viviparid taxa is that many species living in lentic waters exhibit sculptured shells, whereas only one strongly sculptured species is known from lotic environments. We show that such shell sculpture is habitat-dependent and indeed evolved several times independently in lentic River Snails. Considerably high transition rates between shell types in lentic habitats probably caused the co-occurrence of morphologically distinct shell types in several lakes. In contrast, directional evolution toward smooth shells in lotic habitats, as identified in the present analyses, explains why sculptured shells are rarely found in these habitats. However, the specific factors that promoted changes in shell morphology require further work. [biogeographical analyses; fossil-calibrated phylogeny; fossil-constrained analyses; Southeast Asia; stochastic character mapping.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Stelbrink
- Department of Animal Ecology and Systematics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32 (IFZ), 35392 Giessen, Germany.,Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Vesalgasse 1, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Romy Richter
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Invalidenstr. 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Köhler
- Australian Museum, Australian Museum Research Institute, 1 William Street, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Frank Riedel
- Department of Earth Sciences, Institute of Geological Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Malteserstr. 74-100, 12249 Berlin, Germany.,Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, Chenggong 650504, China
| | - Ellen E Strong
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, 10th and Constitution Ave NW, Washington DC 20560, USA
| | - Bert Van Bocxlaer
- CNRS, Univ. Lille, UMR 8198 Evo-Eco-Paleo, 59655 Lille, France.,Limnology Unit, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christian Albrecht
- Department of Animal Ecology and Systematics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32 (IFZ), 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Torsten Hauffe
- Department of Animal Ecology and Systematics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32 (IFZ), 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Timothy J Page
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan QLD 4111, Australia
| | - David C Aldridge
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Arthur E Bogan
- Research Laboratory, North Carolina State Museum of Natural Sciences, 11 West Jones St, Raleigh, NC 27601, USA
| | - Li-Na Du
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guilin Guangxi 541004, China
| | | | - Ristiyanti M Marwoto
- Zoology Division (Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense), Research Center for Biology, LIPI, Km. 46 Jl. Raya Bogor, Cibinong, Bogor, West Java 16911, Indonesia
| | - Alena A Shirokaya
- Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Batorskaya St 3, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Thomas Von Rintelen
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Invalidenstr. 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany
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9
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Bellvert A, Gillespie RG, Arnedo MA. A happy family: systematic revision of the endemic Theridion spiders (Araneae, Theridiidae) of the Hawaiian Islands. INVERTEBR SYST 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/is20001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Since the description in 1900 of the iconic Happy Face spider, Theridion grallator, Simon, along with nine relatives, the Theridion fauna of the Hawaiian Islands has remained unstudied. Here, we present a systematic revision of the Hawaiian Theridion, which includes the examination of abundant material collected during the last 50 years, with scanning of the genitalia of several species using SEM techniques, and a cladistic analysis based on 22 morphological characters, to provide a first hypothesis of the phylogenetic structure of the group. We describe eight new species, namely T. ariel, sp. nov., T. caliban, sp. nov., T. ceres, sp. nov., T. ferdinand, sp. nov., T. juno, sp. nov., T. miranda, sp. nov., T. prospero, sp. nov. and T. sycorax, sp. nov. Additionally, we provide new diagnoses for former species and illustrate and describe for the first time the male of T. kauaiense Simon, 1900 and the female of T. praetextum Simon, 1900. We further propose that T. campestratum Simon, 1900 is a junior synonym of T. melinum Simon, 1900 and T. praetextum concolor Simon, 1900 is a junior synonym of T. praetextum. Finally, we provide updated information on the distribution of the species. Most species are easily diagnosed based on the male and female genitalia, but we also reveal the existence of somatic characters that differ among species, such as the body size and the shape and size of the chelicerae, which may have played a role in the diversification and coexistence of some of the species. The preferred cladogram from the cladistic analysis, although compatible with a progression rule, also suggests a complex pattern of multiple back and forward colonisations, albeit most of the clades are poorly supported.
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10
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Fernández-Mazuecos M, Vargas P, McCauley RA, Monjas D, Otero A, Chaves JA, Guevara Andino JE, Rivas-Torres G. The Radiation of Darwin’s Giant Daisies in the Galápagos Islands. Curr Biol 2020; 30:4989-4998.e7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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11
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Mandáková T, Hloušková P, Windham MD, Mitchell-Olds T, Ashby K, Price B, Carman J, Lysak MA. Chromosomal Evolution and Apomixis in the Cruciferous Tribe Boechereae. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:514. [PMID: 32547569 PMCID: PMC7270200 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The mustard family (Brassicaceae) comprises several dozen monophyletic clades usually ranked as tribes. The tribe Boechereae plays a prominent role in plant research due to the incidence of apomixis and its close relationship to Arabidopsis. This tribe, largely confined to western North America, harbors nine genera and c. 130 species, with >90% of species belonging to the genus Boechera. Hundreds of apomictic diploid and triploid Boechera hybrids have spurred interest in this genus, but the remaining Boechereae genomes remain virtually unstudied. Here we report on comparative genome structure of six genera (Borodinia, Cusickiella, Phoenicaulis, Polyctenium, Nevada, and Sandbergia) and three Boechera species as revealed by comparative chromosome painting (CCP). All analyzed taxa shared the same seven-chromosome genome structure. Comparisons with the sister Halimolobeae tribe (n = 8) showed that the ancestral Boechereae genome (n = 7) was derived from an older n = 8 genome by descending dysploidy followed by the divergence of extant Boechereae taxa. As tribal divergence post-dated the origin of four tribe-specific chromosomes, it is proposed that these chromosomal rearrangements were a key evolutionary innovation underlaying the origin and diversification of the Boechereae in North America. Although most Boechereae genera exhibit genomic conservatism, intra-tribal cladogenesis has occasionally been accompanied by chromosomal rearrangements (particularly inversions). Recently, apomixis was reported in the Boechereae genera Borodinia and Phoenicaulis. Here, we report sexual reproduction in diploid Nevada, diploid Sandbergia, and tetraploid Cusickiella and aposporous apomixis in tetraploids of Polyctenium and Sandbergia. In sum, apomixis is now known to occur in five of the nine Boechereae genera.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kaylynn Ashby
- Plants, Soils, and Climate Department, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
| | - Bo Price
- Plants, Soils, and Climate Department, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
| | - John Carman
- Plants, Soils, and Climate Department, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
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12
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Wollenberg Valero KC, Marshall JC, Bastiaans E, Caccone A, Camargo A, Morando M, Niemiller ML, Pabijan M, Russello MA, Sinervo B, Werneck FP, Sites JW, Wiens JJ, Steinfartz S. Patterns, Mechanisms and Genetics of Speciation in Reptiles and Amphibians. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10090646. [PMID: 31455040 PMCID: PMC6769790 DOI: 10.3390/genes10090646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this contribution, the aspects of reptile and amphibian speciation that emerged from research performed over the past decade are reviewed. First, this study assesses how patterns and processes of speciation depend on knowing the taxonomy of the group in question, and discuss how integrative taxonomy has contributed to speciation research in these groups. This study then reviews the research on different aspects of speciation in reptiles and amphibians, including biogeography and climatic niches, ecological speciation, the relationship between speciation rates and phenotypic traits, and genetics and genomics. Further, several case studies of speciation in reptiles and amphibians that exemplify many of these themes are discussed. These include studies of integrative taxonomy and biogeography in South American lizards, ecological speciation in European salamanders, speciation and phenotypic evolution in frogs and lizards. The final case study combines genomics and biogeography in tortoises. The field of amphibian and reptile speciation research has steadily moved forward from the assessment of geographic and ecological aspects, to incorporating other dimensions of speciation, such as genetic mechanisms and evolutionary forces. A higher degree of integration among all these dimensions emerges as a goal for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathon C Marshall
- Department of Zoology, Weber State University, 1415 Edvalson Street, Dept. 2505, Ogden, UT 84401, USA
| | - Elizabeth Bastiaans
- Department of Biology, State University of New York, College at Oneonta, Oneonta, NY 13820, USA
| | - Adalgisa Caccone
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Arley Camargo
- Centro Universitario de Rivera, Universidad de la República, Ituzaingó 667, Rivera 40000, Uruguay
| | - Mariana Morando
- Instituto Patagónico para el Estudio de los Ecosistemas Continentales (IPEEC, CENPAT-CONICET) Bv. Brown 2915, Puerto Madryn U9120ACD, Argentina
| | - Matthew L Niemiller
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
| | - Maciej Pabijan
- Department of Comparative Anatomy, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Michael A Russello
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, 3247 University Way, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Barry Sinervo
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Coastal Biology Building, 130 McAllister Way, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
| | - Fernanda P Werneck
- Programa de Coleções Científicas Biológicas, Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus 69060-000, Brazil
| | - Jack W Sites
- Department of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| | - John J Wiens
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Sebastian Steinfartz
- Molecular Evolution and Systematics of Animals, Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Talstrasse 33, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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13
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Hiller AE, Koo MS, Goodman KR, Shaw KL, O’Grady PM, Gillespie RG. Niche conservatism predominates in adaptive radiation: comparing the diversification of Hawaiian arthropods using ecological niche modelling. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blz023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The role of the environmental niche in fostering ecological divergence during adaptive radiation remains enigmatic. In this study, we examine the interplay between environmental niche divergence and conservatism in the context of adaptive radiation on oceanic islands, by characterizing the niche breadth of four Hawaiian arthropod radiations: Tetragnatha spiders (Tetragnathidae Latreille, 1804), Laupala crickets (Gryllidae Otte, 1994), a clade of Drosophila flies (Drosophilidae Fallén, 1823) and Nesosydne planthoppers (Delphacidae Kirkaldy, 1907). We assembled occurrence datasets for the four lineages, modelled their distributions and quantified niche overlap. All four groups occupy the islands in distinct ways, highlighting the contrasting axes of diversification for different lineages. Laupala and Nesosydne have opposite environmental niche extents (broad and narrow, respectively), whereas Tetragnatha and Drosophila share relatively intermediate tolerances. Temperature constrains the distributions of all four radiations. Tests of phylogenetic signal suggest that, for Tetragnatha and Drosophila, closely related species exhibit similar environmental niches; thus, diversification is associated with niche conservatism. Sister species comparisons also show that populations often retain similar environmental tolerances, although exceptions do occur. Results imply that diversification does not occur through ecological speciation; instead, adaptive radiation occurs largely within a single environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Hiller
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Michelle S Koo
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Kari R Goodman
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Kerry L Shaw
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Patrick M O’Grady
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Rosemary G Gillespie
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
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14
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Yeh HY, Tseng HY, Lin CP, Liao CP, Hsu JY, Huang WS. Rafting on floating fruit is effective for oceanic dispersal of flightless weevils. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 221:jeb.190488. [PMID: 30352828 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.190488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Terrestrial species, especially non-vagile ones (those unable to fly or swim), cannot cross oceans without exploiting other animals or floating objects. However, the colonisation history of flightless Pachyrhynchus weevils, inferred from genetic data, reveals their ability to travel long distances to colonise remote islands. Here, we used captive-bred Pachyrhynchus jitanasaius to analyse (i) the physiological tolerance of weevils (egg, larva and adult stages) to different levels of salinity; (ii) the survival rate of larvae in a simulated ocean environment in the laboratory; and (iii) the survival rate of larvae in a field experiment in the ocean using fruit of the fish poison tree floating on the Kuroshio current in the Pacific Ocean. We found that the survival rate of larvae in seawater was lower than in fresh water, although if the larvae survived 7 days of immersion in seawater, some emerged as adults in the subsequent rearing process. No adults survived for more than 2 days, regardless of salinity level. After floating separately for 6 days in salt water in the laboratory and in the Kuroshio current, two of 18 larvae survived in the fruit. This study provides the first empirical evidence that P. jitanasaius larvae can survive 'rafting' on ocean currents and that the eggs and larvae of these weevils have the highest probability of crossing the oceanic barrier. This ability may facilitate over-the-sea dispersal of these flightless insects and further shape their distribution and speciation pattern in the Western Pacific islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ying Yeh
- Department of Life Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Yun Tseng
- Department of Biology, National Museum of Natural Science, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ping Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Pan Liao
- Department of Biology, National Museum of Natural Science, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Ya Hsu
- Department of Biology, National Museum of Natural Science, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Wen-San Huang
- Department of Life Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 404, Taiwan .,Department of Biology, National Museum of Natural Science, Taichung 404, Taiwan
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15
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Landis MJ, Freyman WA, Baldwin BG. Retracing the Hawaiian silversword radiation despite phylogenetic, biogeographic, and paleogeographic uncertainty. Evolution 2018; 72:2343-2359. [PMID: 30198108 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The Hawaiian silversword alliance (Asteraceae) is an iconic adaptive radiation. However, like many island plant lineages, no fossils have been assigned to the clade. As a result, the clade's age and diversification rate are not known precisely, making it difficult to test biogeographic hypotheses about the radiation. In lieu of fossils, paleogeographically structured biogeographic processes may inform species divergence times; for example, an island must first exist for a clade to radiate upon it. We date the silversword clade and test biogeographic hypotheses about its radiation across the Hawaiian Archipelago by modeling interactions between species relationships, molecular evolution, biogeographic scenarios, divergence times, and island origination times using the Bayesian phylogenetic framework, RevBayes. The ancestor of living silverswords most likely colonized the modern Hawaiian Islands once from the mainland approximately 5.1 Ma, with the most recent common ancestor of extant silversword lineages first appearing approximately 3.5 Ma. Applying an event-based test of the progression rule of island biogeography, we found strong evidence that the dispersal process favors old-to-young directionality, but strong evidence for diversification continuing unabated into later phases of island ontogeny, particularly for Kaua'i. This work serves as a general example for how diversification studies benefit from incorporating biogeographic and paleogeographic components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Landis
- Department of Ecology & Evolution, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511
| | - William A Freyman
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, & Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55108.,Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720.,Jepson Herbarium, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Bruce G Baldwin
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720.,Jepson Herbarium, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
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16
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Liang B, Zhou RB, Liu YL, Chen B, Grismer LL, Wang N. Renewed classification within Goniurosaurus (Squamata: Eublepharidae) uncovers the dual roles of a continental island (Hainan) in species evolution. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2018; 127:646-654. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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17
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Yeung NW, Hayes KA. Biodiversity and Extinction of Hawaiian Land Snails: How Many Are Left Now and What Must We Do To Conserve Them—A Reply to Solem (1990). Integr Comp Biol 2018; 58:1157-1169. [DOI: 10.1093/icb/icy043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Norine W Yeung
- Bishop Museum, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2500 Campus Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Kenneth A Hayes
- Bishop Museum, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2500 Campus Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
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18
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Comparative phylogeography of oceanic archipelagos: Hotspots for inferences of evolutionary process. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 113:7986-93. [PMID: 27432948 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1601078113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Remote island archipelagos offer superb opportunities to study the evolution of community assembly because of their relatively young and simple communities where speciation contributes to the origin and evolution of community structure. There is great potential for common phylogeographic patterns among remote archipelagos that originate through hotspot volcanism, particularly when the islands formed are spatially isolated and linearly arranged. The progression rule is characterized by a phylogeographic concordance between island age and lineage age in a species radiation. Progression is most likely to arise when a species radiation begins on an older island before the emergence of younger islands of a hotspot archipelago. In the simplest form of progression, colonization of younger islands as they emerge and offer appropriate habitat, is coincident with cladogenesis. In this paper, we review recent discoveries of the progression rule on seven hotspot archipelagos. We then discuss advantages that progression offers to the study of community assembly, and insights that community dynamics may offer toward understanding the evolution of progression. We describe results from two compelling cases of progression where the mosaic genome may offer insights into contrasting demographic histories that shed light on mechanisms of speciation and progression on remote archipelagos.
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19
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Spicer RA. Tibet, the Himalaya, Asian monsoons and biodiversity - In what ways are they related? PLANT DIVERSITY 2017; 39:233-244. [PMID: 30159517 PMCID: PMC6112286 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Prevailing dogma asserts that the uplift of Tibet, the onset of the Asian monsoon system and high biodiversity in southern Asia are linked, and that all occurred after 23 million years ago in the Neogene. Here, spanning the last 60 million years of Earth history, the geological, climatological and palaeontological evidence for this linkage is reviewed. The principal conclusions are that: 1) A proto-Tibetan highland existed well before the Neogene and that an Andean type topography with surface elevations of at least 4.5 km existed at the start of the Eocene, before final closure of the Tethys Ocean that separated India from Eurasia. 2) The Himalaya were formed not at the start of the India-Eurasia collision, but after much of Tibet had achieved its present elevation. The Himalaya built against a pre-existing proto-Tibetan highland and only projected above the average height of the plateau after approximately 15 Ma. 3) Monsoon climates have existed across southern Asia for the whole of the Cenozoic, and probably for a lot longer, but that they were of the kind generated by seasonal migrations of the Inter-tropical Convergence Zone. 4) The projection of the High Himalaya above the Tibetan Plateau at about 15 Ma coincides with the development of the modern South Asia Monsoon. 5) The East Asia monsoon became established in its present form about the same time as a consequence of topographic changes in northern Tibet and elsewhere in Asia, the loss of moisture sources in the Asian interior and the development of a strong winter Siberian high as global temperatures declined. 6) New radiometric dates of palaeontological finds point to southern Asia's high biodiversity originating in the Paleogene, not the Neogene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A. Spicer
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan 666303, PR China
- School of Environment, Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, The Open University, MK7 6AA, UK
- School of Environment, Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, The Open University, MK7 6AA, UK.
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20
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Osozawa S, Takáhashi M, Wakabayashi J. Quaternary vicariance of Ypthima butterflies (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) and systematics in the Ryukyu Islands and Oriental region. Zool J Linn Soc 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlw009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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21
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Matsuda J, Maeda Y, Nagasawa J, Setoguchi H. Tight species cohesion among sympatric insular wild gingers (Asarum spp. Aristolochiaceae) on continental islands: Highly differentiated floral characteristics versus undifferentiated genotypes. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173489. [PMID: 28301540 PMCID: PMC5354281 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Amami Island group of the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan, harbors extensive species diversity of Asarum in a small landmass. The fine-scale population genetic structure and diversity of nine insular endemic Asarum species were examined using nuclear DNA microsatellite loci and ITS sequences. High population genetic diversity (HS = 0.45-0.79) was estimated based on the microsatellites, implying outcrossing of Asarum species within populations accompanied by inbreeding. Bayesian clustering analyses revealed that species were divided into three robust genetic clusters and that the species within each cluster had a homogeneous genetic structure, indicating incomplete lineage sorting. This conclusion was supported by an ITS phylogeny. The degree of genetic differentiation among species was very low both within and between clusters (FST = 0.096-0.193, and 0.096-0.266, respectively). Although species can be crossed artificially to produce fertile hybrids, our results indicate that there is very little evidence of hybridization or introgression occurring among species in the wild, even within stands composed of multiple sympatric species. The highly differentiated floral morphology of the studied species is likely to impose reproductive isolation between them and maintain their integrity in the wild. A lack of genetic differentiation between sympatric species suggests that speciation within this group occurred rapidly and recently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junshi Matsuda
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Yoshida Nihonmatsu-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Junichi Nagasawa
- Kyoto Botanical Garden, Shimokamo Hangi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Setoguchi
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Yoshida Nihonmatsu-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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22
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Littleford-Colquhoun BL, Clemente C, Whiting MJ, Ortiz-Barrientos D, Frère CH. Archipelagos of the Anthropocene: rapid and extensive differentiation of native terrestrial vertebrates in a single metropolis. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:2466-2481. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.14042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christofer Clemente
- School of Science and Engineering; University of the Sunshine Coast; Maroochydore DC Qld 4556 Australia
| | - Martin J. Whiting
- Department of Biological Sciences; Macquarie University; Sydney NSW 2109 Australia
| | | | - Celine H. Frère
- School of Science and Engineering; University of the Sunshine Coast; Maroochydore DC Qld 4556 Australia
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23
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Investigating the origin of vagrant dusky groupers, Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe, 1834), in coastal waters of Réunion Island. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2016; 103:98-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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24
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Craddock EM. Profuse evolutionary diversification and speciation on volcanic islands: transposon instability and amplification bursts explain the genetic paradox. Biol Direct 2016; 11:44. [PMID: 27600528 PMCID: PMC5012101 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-016-0146-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Species-rich adaptive radiations arising from rare plant and animal colonizers are common on remote volcanic archipelagoes. However, they present a paradox. The severe genetic bottleneck of founder events and effects of inbreeding depression, coupled with the inherently stressful volcanic environment, would seem to predict reduced evolutionary potential and increased risk of extinction, rather than rapid adaptive divergence and speciation. Significantly, eukaryotic genomes harbor many families of transposable elements (TEs) that are mobilized by genome shock; these elements may be the primary drivers of genetic reorganization and speciation on volcanic islands. PRESENTATION OF THE HYPOTHESIS Here I propose that a central factor in the spectacular radiation and diversification of the endemic Hawaiian Drosophila and other terrestrial lineages on the Hawaiian and other oceanic islands has been repeated bursts of transposition of multiple TEs induced by the unique ecological features of volcanic habitats. Founder individuals and populations on remote volcanic islands experience significant levels of physiological and genomic stress as a consequence of both biotic and abiotic factors. This results in disruption of the usual epigenetic suppression of TEs, unleashing them to proliferate and spread, which in turn gives rise to novel genetic variation and remodels genomic regulatory circuits, facilitating rapid morphological, ecological and behavioral change, and adaptive radiation. TESTING THE HYPOTHESIS To obtain empirical support for the hypothesis, test organisms should be exposed to prolonged heat stress, high levels of carbon dioxide and other volcanic gases, along with inbreeding. Data from subsequent whole genome sequencing and bioinformatics screening for TE numbers and locations would then be compared with initial pre-exposure TE information for the test strains, a labor-intensive project. Several predicted outcomes arising from the hypothesis are discussed. Currently available data are consistent with the proposed concept of stress-induced TE mobilization as a trigger of evolutionary diversification and speciation on volcanic islands. IMPLICATIONS OF THE HYPOTHESIS The main implication is that both TEs and species should proliferate at a much higher rate on volcanic islands than elsewhere. Second, the evolvability of a lineage may correlate with the abundance and distribution of TEs in the genome. Successful colonizers of volcanic habitats with high genomic proportions of TEs may be best poised to found a speciose lineage that gives rise to a dramatic adaptive radiation. Colonizers that are depauperate in TEs are likely to be evolutionarily constrained and diversify little, if at all. REVIEWERS This article was reviewed by Dr. James Shapiro and Dr. Wolfgang Miller (nominated by Editorial Board member Dr. I. King Jordan).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elysse M Craddock
- School of Natural and Social Sciences, Purchase College, State University of New York, 735 Anderson Hill Road, Purchase, NY, 10577-1400, USA.
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25
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Alda F, Gagne RB, Walter RP, Hogan JD, Moody KN, Zink F, McIntyre PB, Gilliam JF, Blum MJ. Colonization and demographic expansion of freshwater fauna across the Hawaiian archipelago. J Evol Biol 2016; 29:2054-2069. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Alda
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Tulane University; New Orleans LA USA
- Tulane-Xavier Center for Bioenvironmental Research; Tulane University; New Orleans LA USA
| | - R. B. Gagne
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Tulane University; New Orleans LA USA
| | - R. P. Walter
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Tulane University; New Orleans LA USA
- Department of Biological Science; California State University, Fullerton; Fullerton CA USA
| | - J. D. Hogan
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Tulane University; New Orleans LA USA
- Department of Life Sciences; Texas A & M University - Corpus Christi; Corpus Christi TX USA
| | - K. N. Moody
- Tulane-Xavier Center for Bioenvironmental Research; Tulane University; New Orleans LA USA
- Department of Biological Sciences; Clemson University; Clemson SC USA
| | - F. Zink
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Tulane University; New Orleans LA USA
| | - P. B. McIntyre
- Center for Limnology; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison WI USA
| | - J. F. Gilliam
- Department of Biological Sciences; North Carolina State University; Raleigh NC USA
| | - M. J. Blum
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Tulane University; New Orleans LA USA
- Tulane-Xavier Center for Bioenvironmental Research; Tulane University; New Orleans LA USA
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26
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Ziegler AC, Howarth FG, Simmons NB. A Second Endemic Land Mammal for the Hawaiian Islands: A New Genus and Species of Fossil Bat (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES 2016. [DOI: 10.1206/3854.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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27
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Holland BS, Chiaverano LM, Howard CK. Diminished fitness in an endemic Hawaiian snail in nonnative host plants. ETHOL ECOL EVOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/03949370.2016.1143406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brenden S. Holland
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, School of Ocean & Earth Sciences, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Luciano M. Chiaverano
- Department of Marine Science, University of Southern Mississippi, Stennis Space Center, MS, USA
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Carvalho JC, Cardoso P, Rigal F, Triantis KA, Borges PAV. Modeling directional spatio-temporal processes in island biogeography. Ecol Evol 2015; 5:4671-82. [PMID: 26668731 PMCID: PMC4670066 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A key challenge in island biogeography is to quantity the role of dispersal in shaping biodiversity patterns among the islands of a given archipelago. Here, we propose such a framework. Dispersal within oceanic archipelagos may be conceptualized as a spatio‐temporal process dependent on: (1) the spatial distribution of islands, because the probability of successful dispersal is inversely related to the spatial distance between islands and (2) the chronological sequence of island formation that determines the directional asymmetry of dispersal (hypothesized to be predominantly from older to younger islands). From these premises, directional network models may be constructed, representing putative connections among islands. These models may be translated to eigenfunctions in order to be incorporated into statistical analysis. The framework was tested with 12 datasets from the Hawaii, Azores, and Canaries. The explanatory power of directional network models for explaining species composition patterns, assessed by the Jaccard dissimilarity index, was compared with simpler time‐isolation models. The amount of variation explained by the network models ranged from 5.5% (for Coleoptera in Hawaii) to 60.2% (for Pteridophytes in Canary Islands). In relation to the four studied taxa, the variation explained by network models was higher for Pteridophytes in the three archipelagos. By the contrary, small fractions of explained variation were observed for Coleoptera (5.5%) and Araneae (8.6%) in Hawaii. Time‐isolation models were, in general, not statistical significant and explained less variation than the equivalent directional network models for all the datasets. Directional network models provide a way for evaluating the spatio‐temporal signature of species dispersal. The method allows building scenarios against which hypotheses about dispersal within archipelagos may be tested. The new framework may help to uncover the pathways via which species have colonized the islands of a given archipelago and to understand the origins of insular biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- José C Carvalho
- CE3C - Centre for Ecology Evolution and Environmental Changes / Azorean Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos Açores - Departamento de Ciências Agrárias 9700-042 Angra do Heroísmo Açores Portugal ; Department of Biology CBMA - Centre for Molecular and Environmental Biology University of Minho 4710-087 Braga Portugal
| | - Pedro Cardoso
- CE3C - Centre for Ecology Evolution and Environmental Changes / Azorean Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos Açores - Departamento de Ciências Agrárias 9700-042 Angra do Heroísmo Açores Portugal ; Finnish Museum of Natural History University of Helsinki P.O. Box 17, 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - François Rigal
- CE3C - Centre for Ecology Evolution and Environmental Changes / Azorean Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos Açores - Departamento de Ciências Agrárias 9700-042 Angra do Heroísmo Açores Portugal
| | - Kostas A Triantis
- CE3C - Centre for Ecology Evolution and Environmental Changes / Azorean Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos Açores - Departamento de Ciências Agrárias 9700-042 Angra do Heroísmo Açores Portugal ; Department of Ecology and Taxonomy Faculty of Biology National and Kapodistrian University Athens GR-15784 Greece ; Conservation Biogeography and Macroecology Programme School of Geography and the Environment University of Oxford, South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QY UK
| | - Paulo A V Borges
- CE3C - Centre for Ecology Evolution and Environmental Changes / Azorean Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos Açores - Departamento de Ciências Agrárias 9700-042 Angra do Heroísmo Açores Portugal
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29
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Russell AL, Pinzari CA, Vonhof MJ, Olival KJ, Bonaccorso FJ. Two Tickets to Paradise: Multiple Dispersal Events in the Founding of Hoary Bat Populations in Hawai'i. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127912. [PMID: 26083029 PMCID: PMC4471086 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hawaiian islands are an extremely isolated oceanic archipelago, and their fauna has long served as models of dispersal in island biogeography. While molecular data have recently been applied to investigate the timing and origin of dispersal events for several animal groups including birds, insects, and snails, these questions have been largely unaddressed in Hawai'i’s only native terrestrial mammal, the Hawaiian hoary bat, Lasiurus cinereus semotus. Here, we use molecular data to test the hypotheses that (1) Hawaiian L. c. semotus originated via dispersal from North American populations of L. c. cinereus rather than from South American L. c. villosissimus, and (2) modern Hawaiian populations were founded from a single dispersal event. Contrary to the latter hypothesis, our mitochondrial data support a biogeographic history of multiple, relatively recent dispersals of hoary bats from North America to the Hawaiian islands. Coalescent demographic analyses of multilocus data suggest that modern populations of Hawaiian hoary bats were founded no more than 10 kya. Our finding of multiple evolutionarily significant units in Hawai'i highlights information that should be useful for re-evaluation of the conservation status of hoary bats in Hawai'i.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L. Russell
- Department of Biology, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Corinna A. Pinzari
- Hawai'i Cooperative Studies Unit, University of Hawai'i at Hilo, Hawai'i National Park, Hawai'i, United States of America
| | - Maarten J. Vonhof
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan, United States of America
- Environmental and Sustainability Studies Program, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Kevin J. Olival
- EcoHealth Alliance, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Frank J. Bonaccorso
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawai'i National Park, Hawai'i, United States of America
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Plenderleith TL, Smith KL, Donnellan SC, Reina RD, Chapple DG. Human-assisted invasions of pacific islands by litoria frogs: a case study of the bleating tree frog on Lord Howe Island. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126287. [PMID: 25962141 PMCID: PMC4427294 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There are substantial differences among taxonomic groups in their capacity to reach remote oceanic islands via long-distance overwater dispersal from mainland regions. Due to their permeable skin and intolerance of saltwater, amphibians generally require human-assisted dispersal to reach oceanic islands. Several Litoria frog species have been introduced to remote islands throughout the Pacific Ocean region. Lord Howe Island (LHI) is an oceanic island that lies approximately 600 km east of the Australian mainland and has a diverse, endemic biota. The bleating tree frog (Litoria dentata) is native to mainland eastern Australia, but was accidentally introduced to LHI in the 1990s, yet its ecology and potential impact on LHI has remained unstudied. We used a mitochondrial phylogeographical approach to determine that L. dentata was introduced from the Ballina region in northeastern New South Wales. The founding population was likely accidentally introduced with cargo shipped from the mainland. We also completed the first detailed investigation of the distribution, ecology and habitat use of L. dentata on LHI. The species is widespread on LHI and is prevalent in human habitat, cattle pasture and undisturbed forest. We discuss the potential impact of introduced Litoria species on Pacific islands and outline what biosecurity protocols could be implemented to prevent the introduction of further amphibian species to the ecologically sensitive oceanic area.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katie L. Smith
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Museum Victoria, Division of Sciences, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Richard D. Reina
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - David G. Chapple
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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31
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Bell RC, Drewes RC, Zamudio KR. Reed frog diversification in the Gulf of Guinea: Overseas dispersal, the progression rule, and in situ speciation. Evolution 2015; 69:904-15. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.12623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rayna C. Bell
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Cornell University; Ithaca New York 14853-2701
| | - Robert C. Drewes
- Herpetology California Academy of Sciences; San Francisco California 94118
| | - Kelly R. Zamudio
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Cornell University; Ithaca New York 14853-2701
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32
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Eberhart-Phillips LJ, Hoffman JI, Brede EG, Zefania S, Kamrad MJ, Székely T, Bruford MW. Contrasting genetic diversity and population structure among three sympatric Madagascan shorebirds: parallels with rarity, endemism, and dispersal. Ecol Evol 2015; 5:997-1010. [PMID: 25798218 PMCID: PMC4364815 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the relative contributions of intrinsic and extrinsic factors to population structure and genetic diversity is a central goal of conservation and evolutionary genetics. One way to achieve this is through comparative population genetic analysis of sympatric sister taxa, which allows evaluation of intrinsic factors such as population demography and life history while controlling for phylogenetic relatedness and geography. We used ten conserved microsatellites to explore the population structure and genetic diversity of three sympatric and closely related plover species in southwestern Madagascar: Kittlitz's plover (Charadrius pecuarius), white-fronted plover (C. marginatus), and Madagascar plover (C. thoracicus). Bayesian clustering revealed strong population structure in the rare and endemic Madagascar plover, intermediate population structure in the white-fronted plover, and no detectable population structure in the geographically widespread Kittlitz's plover. In contrast, allelic richness and heterozygosity were highest for the Kittlitz's plover, intermediate for the white-fronted plover and lowest for the Madagascar plover. No evidence was found in support of the “watershed mechanism” proposed to facilitate vicariant divergence of Madagascan lemurs and reptiles, which we attribute to the vagility of birds. However, we found a significant pattern of genetic isolation by distance among populations of the Madagascar plover, but not for the other two species. These findings suggest that interspecific variation in rarity, endemism, and dispersal propensity may influence genetic structure and diversity, even in highly vagile species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph I Hoffman
- Department of Animal Behaviour, Bielefeld University Morgenbreede 45, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Edward G Brede
- Biodiversity and Ecological Processes Group, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University Cardiff, CF10 3AX, U.K
| | - Sama Zefania
- Department of Animal Biology, University of Toliara PO Box 185, Toliara, Madagascar
| | - Martina J Kamrad
- Department of Animal Behaviour, Bielefeld University Morgenbreede 45, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Tamás Székely
- Department of Animal Behaviour, Bielefeld University Morgenbreede 45, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany ; Biodiversity Lab, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath Bath, BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Michael W Bruford
- Biodiversity and Ecological Processes Group, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University Cardiff, CF10 3AX, U.K
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33
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Wall K, Cornell J, Bizzoco RW, Kelley ST. Biodiversity hot spot on a hot spot: novel extremophile diversity in Hawaiian fumaroles. Microbiologyopen 2015; 4:267-281. [PMID: 25565172 PMCID: PMC4398508 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fumaroles (steam vents) are the most common, yet least understood, microbial habitat in terrestrial geothermal settings. Long believed too extreme for life, recent advances in sample collection and DNA extraction methods have found that fumarole deposits and subsurface waters harbor a considerable diversity of viable microbes. In this study, we applied culture-independent molecular methods to explore fumarole deposit microbial assemblages in 15 different fumaroles in four geographic locations on the Big Island of Hawai'i. Just over half of the vents yielded sufficient high-quality DNA for the construction of 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequence clone libraries. The bacterial clone libraries contained sequences belonging to 11 recognized bacterial divisions and seven other division-level phylogenetic groups. Archaeal sequences were less numerous, but similarly diverse. The taxonomic composition among fumarole deposits was highly heterogeneous. Phylogenetic analysis found cloned fumarole sequences were related to microbes identified from a broad array of globally distributed ecotypes, including hot springs, terrestrial soils, and industrial waste sites. Our results suggest that fumarole deposits function as an “extremophile collector” and may be a hot spot of novel extremophile biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Wall
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, California
| | - Jennifer Cornell
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, California
| | - Richard W Bizzoco
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, California
| | - Scott T Kelley
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, California
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34
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Movement Behavior is Habitat Dependent in Invasive Jackson's Chameleons in Hawaii. J HERPETOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1670/13-150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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35
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Garrick RC, Benavides E, Russello MA, Hyseni C, Edwards DL, Gibbs JP, Tapia W, Ciofi C, Caccone A. Lineage fusion in Galápagos giant tortoises. Mol Ecol 2014; 23:5276-90. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.12919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C. Garrick
- Department of Biology; University of Mississippi; Oxford MS 38677 USA
| | - Edgar Benavides
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Yale University; New Haven CT 06520 USA
| | - Michael A. Russello
- Department of Biology; University of British Columbia; Okanagan Campus Kelowna BC V1V 1V7 Canada
| | - Chaz Hyseni
- Department of Biology; University of Mississippi; Oxford MS 38677 USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Yale University; New Haven CT 06520 USA
| | - Danielle L. Edwards
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Yale University; New Haven CT 06520 USA
| | - James P. Gibbs
- College of Environmental Science & Forestry; State University of New York; Syracuse NY 13210 USA
| | - Washington Tapia
- Department of Applied Research; Galápagos National Park Service; Puerto Ayora Isla Santa Cruz Galápagos Ecuador
- Biodiver S.A. Consultores; Km 5 Vía a Baltra Isla Santa Cruz Galápagos Ecuador
| | - Claudio Ciofi
- Department of Evolutionary Biology; University of Florence; Via Romana 17 50125 Florence Italy
| | - Adalgisa Caccone
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Yale University; New Haven CT 06520 USA
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36
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Okada A, Suzuki H, Inaba M, Horikoshi K, Shindo J. Genetic Structure and Cryptic Genealogy of the Bonin Flying FoxPteropus pselaphonRevealed by Mitochondrial DNA and Microsatellite Markers. ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA 2014. [DOI: 10.3161/150811014x683237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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37
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Agnarsson I, Cheng RC, Kuntner M. A multi-clade test supports the intermediate dispersal model of biogeography. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86780. [PMID: 24466238 PMCID: PMC3897756 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biogeography models typically focus on explaining patterns through island properties, such as size, complexity, age, and isolation. Such models explain variation in the richness of island biotas. Properties of the organisms themselves, such as their size, age, and dispersal abilities, in turn may explain which organisms come to occupy, and diversify across island archipelagos. Here, we restate and test the intermediate dispersal model (IDM) predicting peak diversity in clades of relatively intermediate dispersers. METHODOLOGY We test the model through a review of terrestrial and freshwater organisms in the western Indian Ocean examining the correlation among species richness and three potential explanatory variables: dispersal ability quantified as the number of estimated dispersal events, average body size for animals, and clade age. CONCLUSIONS Our study supports the IDM with dispersal ability being the best predictor of regional diversity among the explored variables. We find a weaker relationship between diversity and clade age, but not body size. Principally, we find that richness strongly and positively correlates with dispersal ability in poor to good dispersers while a prior study found a strong decrease in richness with increased dispersal ability among excellent dispersers. Both studies therefore support the intermediate dispersal model, especially when considered together. We note that many additional variables not here considered are at play. For example, some taxa may lose dispersal ability subsequent to island colonization and some poor dispersers have reached high diversity through within island radiations. Nevertheless, our findings highlight the fundamental importance of dispersal ability in explaining patterns of biodiversity generation across islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingi Agnarsson
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
- Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C., United States of America
| | - Ren-Chung Cheng
- Institute of Biology, Scientific Research Centre, Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matjaž Kuntner
- Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C., United States of America
- Institute of Biology, Scientific Research Centre, Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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38
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Russo CAM, Mello B, Frazão A, Voloch CM. Phylogenetic analysis and a time tree for a large drosophilid data set (Diptera: Drosophilidae). Zool J Linn Soc 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia A. M. Russo
- Genetics Department; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Beatriz Mello
- Genetics Department; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Annelise Frazão
- Genetics Department; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Carolina M. Voloch
- Genetics Department; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
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Eldon J, Price JP, Magnacca K, Price DK. Patterns and processes in complex landscapes: testing alternative biogeographical hypotheses through integrated analysis of phylogeography and community ecology in Hawai'i. Mol Ecol 2013; 22:3613-28. [PMID: 23683316 DOI: 10.1111/mec.12326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Island of Hawai'i is a dynamic assemblage of five volcanoes with wet forest habitat currently existing in four distinct natural regions that vary in area, age and geographical isolation. In this complex landscape, alternative assumptions of the relative importance of specific habitat characteristics on evolutionary and ecological processes predict strikingly different general patterns of local diversity and regional similarity. In this study, we compare alternative a priori hypotheses against observed patterns within two distinct biological systems and scales: community composition of wet forest vascular plant species and mitochondrial and nuclear genes of Drosophila sproati, a wet-forest-restricted endemic. All observed patterns display strong and similar regional structuring, with the greatest local diversity found in Kohala and the windward side of Mauna Loa, the least in Ka'ū and Kona, and a distinctive pattern of regional similarity that probably reflects the historical development of this habitat on the island. These observations largely corroborate a biogeographical model that integrates multiple lines of evidence, including climatic reconstruction, over those relying on single measures, such as current habitat configuration or substrate age. This method of testing alternative hypotheses across biological systems and scales is an innovative approach for understanding complex landscapes and should prove valuable in diverse biogeographical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Eldon
- Tropical Conservation Biology and Environmental Science Graduate Program, University of Hawai'i, Hilo, HI 96720, USA.
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40
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Lapoint RT, O'Grady PM, Whiteman NK. Diversification and dispersal of the Hawaiian Drosophilidae: the evolution of Scaptomyza. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2013; 69:95-108. [PMID: 23669011 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2013.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The genus Scaptomyza is emerging as a model lineage in which to study biogeography and ecological adaptation. To place future research on these species into an evolutionary framework we present the most comprehensive phylogeny of Scaptomyza to date, based on 5042 bp of DNA sequence data and representatives from 13 of 21 subgenera. We infer strong support for the monophyly of almost all subgenera with exceptions corroborating hypotheses of conflict inferred from previous taxonomic studies. We find evidence that the lineage originated in the Hawaiian Islands and subsequently dispersed to the mainland and other remote oceanic islands. We also identify that many of the unique ecological niches exploited by this lineage (e.g., herbivory, spider predation) arose singly and independently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard T Lapoint
- University of Arizona, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 310 Biosciences West, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
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41
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Payo DA, Leliaert F, Verbruggen H, D'hondt S, Calumpong HP, De Clerck O. Extensive cryptic species diversity and fine-scale endemism in the marine red alga Portieria in the Philippines. Proc Biol Sci 2012; 280:20122660. [PMID: 23269854 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2012.2660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated species diversity and distribution patterns of the marine red alga Portieria in the Philippine archipelago. Species boundaries were tested based on mitochondrial, plastid and nuclear encoded loci, using a general mixed Yule-coalescent (GMYC) model-based approach and a bayesian multilocus species delimitation method. The outcome of the GMYC analysis of the mitochondrial encoded cox2-3 dataset was highly congruent with the multilocus analysis. In stark contrast with the current morphology-based assumption that the genus includes a single, widely distributed species in the Indo-West Pacific (Portieria hornemannii), DNA-based species delimitation resulted in the recognition of 21 species within the Philippines. Species distributions were found to be highly structured with most species restricted to island groups within the archipelago. These extremely narrow species ranges and high levels of intra-archipelagic endemism contrast with the wide-held belief that marine organisms generally have large geographical ranges and that endemism is at most restricted to the archipelagic level. Our results indicate that speciation in the marine environment may occur at spatial scales smaller than 100 km, comparable with some terrestrial systems. Our finding of fine-scale endemism has important consequences for marine conservation and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dioli Ann Payo
- Phycology Research Group, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S8, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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42
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Schoville SD, Uchifune T, Machida R. Colliding fragment islands transport independent lineages of endemic rock-crawlers (Grylloblattodea: Grylloblattidae) in the Japanese archipelago. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2012; 66:915-27. [PMID: 23220515 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2012.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Revised: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Fragment islands, viewed from the paradigm of island biogeographic theory, depend on continual immigration from continental sources to maintain levels of species diversity, or otherwise undergo a period of relaxation where species diversity declines to a lower equilibrium. Japan is a recently derived fragment island with a rich endemic flora and fauna. These endemic species have been described as paleoendemics, and conversely as recently derived Pleistocene colonists. Geological events in the Miocene period, notably the fragmentation and collision of islands, and the subsequent uplift of mountains in central Japan, provided opportunities for genetic isolation. More recently, cyclical climatic change during the Pliocene and Pleistocene periods led to intermittent land bridge connections to continental Asia. Here we investigate the pattern and timing of diversification in a diverse endemic lineage in order to test whether ongoing migration has sustained species diversity, whether there is evidence of relaxation, and how geological and climatic events are associated with lineage diversification. Using multi-locus genetic data, we test these hypotheses in a poorly dispersing, cold-adapted terrestrial insect lineage (Grylloblattodea: Grylloblattidae) sampled from Japan, Korea, and Russia. In phylogenetic analyses of concatenated data and a species tree approach, we find evidence of three deeply divergent lineages of rock-crawlers in Japan consistent with the pattern of island fragmentation from continental Asia. Tests of lineage diversification rates suggest that relaxation has not occurred and instead endemism has increased in the Japanese Grylloblattidae following mountain-building events in the Miocene. Although the importance of climate change in generating species diversity is a commonly held paradigm in Japanese biogeography, our analyses, including analyses of demographic change and phylogeographic range shifts in putative species, suggests that Pleistocene climatic change has had a limited effect on the diversification of rock-crawlers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean D Schoville
- Sugadaira Montane Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Sugadaira Kogen, Ueda, Nagano 386-2204, Japan.
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Croucher PJP, Oxford GS, Lam A, Mody N, Gillespie RG. COLONIZATION HISTORY AND POPULATION GENETICS OF THE COLOR-POLYMORPHIC HAWAIIAN HAPPY-FACE SPIDER THERIDION GRALLATOR (ARANEAE, THERIDIIDAE). Evolution 2012; 66:2815-33. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2012.01653.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Greve C, Gimnich F, Hutterer R, Misof B, Haase M. Radiating on oceanic islands: patterns and processes of speciation in the land snail genus Theba (Risso 1826). PLoS One 2012; 7:e34339. [PMID: 22493687 PMCID: PMC3321021 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Island radiations have played a major role in shaping our current understanding of allopatric, sympatric and parapatric speciation. However, the fact that species divergence correlates with island size emphasizes the importance of geographic isolation (allopatry) in speciation. Based on molecular and morphological data, we investigated the diversification of the land snail genus Theba on the two Canary Islands of Lanzarote and Fuerteventura. Due to the geological history of both islands, this study system provides ideal conditions to investigate the interplay of biogeography, dispersal ability and differentiation in generating species diversity. Our analyses demonstrated extensive cryptic diversification of Theba on these islands, probably driven mainly by non-adaptive allopatric differentiation and secondary gene flow. In a few cases, we observed a complete absence of gene flow among sympatrically distributed forms suggesting an advanced stage of speciation. On the Jandía peninsula genome scans suggested genotype-environment associations and potentially adaptive diversification of two closely related Theba species to different ecological environments. We found support for the idea that genetic differentiation was enhanced by divergent selection in different environments. The diversification of Theba on both islands is therefore best explained by a mixture of non-adaptive and adaptive speciation, promoted by ecological and geomorphological factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola Greve
- Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany.
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Cryptic extinction of a common Pacific lizard Emoia impar (Squamata, Scincidae) from the Hawaiian Islands. ORYX 2012. [DOI: 10.1017/s0030605310001778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractMost documented declines of tropical reptiles are of dramatic or enigmatic species. Declines of widespread species tend to be cryptic. The early (1900s) decline and extinction of the common Pacific skink Emoia impar from the Hawaiian Islands is documented here through an assessment of literature, museum vouchers and recent fieldwork. This decline appears contemporaneous with the documented declines of invertebrates and birds across the Hawaiian Islands. A review of the plausible causal factors indicates that the spread of the introduced big-headed ant Pheidole megacephala is the most likely factor in this lizard decline. The introduction and spread of a similar skink Lampropholis delicata across the islands appears to temporally follow the decline of E. impar, although there is no evidence of competition between these species. It appears that L. delicata is spreading to occupy the niche vacated by the extirpated E. impar. Further confusion exists because the skink E. cyanura, which is very similar in appearance to E. impar, appears to have been introduced to one site within a hotel on Kaua'i and persisted as a population at that site for approximately 2 decades (1970s–1990s) but is now also extirpated. This study highlights the cryptic nature of this early species extinction as evidence that current biogeographical patterns of non-charismatic or enigmatic reptiles across the Pacific may be the historical result of early widespread invasion by ants. Conservation and restoration activities for reptiles in the tropical Pacific should consider this possibility and evaluate all evidence prior to any implementation.
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Poulakakis N, Russello M, Geist D, Caccone A. Unravelling the peculiarities of island life: vicariance, dispersal and the diversification of the extinct and extant giant Galápagos tortoises. Mol Ecol 2011; 21:160-73. [PMID: 22098061 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2011.05370.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In isolated oceanic islands, colonization patterns are often interpreted as resulting from dispersal rather than vicariant events. Such inferences may not be appropriate when island associations change over time and new islands do not form in a simple linear trend. Further complexity in the phylogeography of ocean islands arises when dealing with endangered taxa as extinctions, uncertainty on the number of evolutionary 'units', and human activities can obscure the progression of colonization events. Here, we address these issues through a reconstruction of the evolutionary history of giant Galápagos tortoises, integrating DNA data from extinct and extant species with information on recent human activities and newly available geological data. Our results show that only three of the five extinct or nearly extinct species should be considered independent evolutionary units. Dispersal from mainland South America started at approximately 3.2 Ma after the emergence of the two oldest islands of San Cristobal and Española. Dispersal from older to younger islands began approximately 1.74 Ma and was followed by multiple colonizations from different sources within the archipelago. Vicariant events, spurred by island formation, coalescence, and separation, contributed to lineage diversifications on Pinzón and Floreana dating from 1.26 and 0.85 Ma. This work provides an example of how to reconstruct the history of endangered taxa in spite of extinctions and human-mediated dispersal events and highlights the need to take into account both vicariance and dispersal when dealing with organisms from islands whose associations are not simply explained by a linear emergence model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikos Poulakakis
- Molecular Systematics Lab, Natural History Museum of Crete, University of Crete, Iraklion, Crete.
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NG JULIENNE, GLOR RICHARDE. Genetic differentiation among populations of a Hispaniolan trunk anole that exhibit geographical variation in dewlap colour. Mol Ecol 2011; 20:4302-17. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2011.05267.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Bird CE. Morphological and behavioral evidence for adaptive diversification of sympatric Hawaiian limpets (Cellana spp.). Integr Comp Biol 2011; 51:466-73. [PMID: 21700576 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icr050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The endemic Hawaiian limpets (Cellana exarata, Cellana sandwicensis, and Cellana talcosa), reside at different elevations on wave-exposed rocky shores and comprise a monophyletic lineage that diversified within Hawai'i. Here, I report phenotypic differences in shell, soft tissue, and behavioral characters among these limpets and discuss their potential utility in exploiting their respective niches. The high-shore limpet, C. exarata, is characterized by a tall round shell, short mantle tentacles, and long evasion distance when confronted by a predatory gastropod. The mid-shore limpet, C. sandwicensis, is characterized by a shorter oblong shell, long mantle tentacles, and a short evasion distance when confronted by a predatory snail. The low-shore, shallow-subtidal limpet, C. talcosa, is characterized by a flat shell that is thin in juveniles and disproportionately massive in large adults (relative to the other two species), and mantle tentacles of varying lengths (some individuals exhibit short tentacles, some long). These species-specific suites of characters are likely to confer specific fitness advantages on the high shore (C. exarata) where thermal and desiccation stress is severe, on the mid shore (C. sandwicensis) where hydrodynamic forces are severe, and on the low-shallow subtidal shore (C. talcosa) where pelagic predators have free access to the limpets. These data add to the growing body of evidence for adaptive diversification and speciation in the Hawaiian Cellana, and in marine species in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E Bird
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, School of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, PO BOX 1346, Kāne'ohe, HI 96744, USA.
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BIRD CHRISTOPHERE, HOLLAND BRENDENS, BOWEN BRIANW, TOONEN ROBERTJ. Diversification of sympatric broadcast-spawning limpets (Cellana spp.) within the Hawaiian archipelago. Mol Ecol 2011; 20:2128-41. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2011.05081.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Greve C, Hutterer R, Groh K, Haase M, Misof B. Evolutionary diversification of the genus Theba (Gastropoda: Helicidae) in space and time: A land snail conquering islands and continents. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2010; 57:572-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2010.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2009] [Revised: 08/04/2010] [Accepted: 08/19/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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