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Zhu Q, Sun J, An C, Li X, Xu S, He Y, Zhang X, Liu L, Hu K, Liang M. Mechanism of LncRNA Gm2044 in germ cell development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1410914. [PMID: 39027044 PMCID: PMC11255455 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1410914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Germ cell development in mammals is a complex physiological process that involves the proliferation of primordial germ cells, meiosis, and the formation of male and female gametes. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is a type of RNA with more than 200 nucleotides that does not code for proteins. A small number of lncRNAs have been shown to participate in spermatogenesis in the testes and in follicular development in the ovaries, but the role of the vast majority of lncRNAs and their molecular mechanisms still need further study. LncRNA Gm2044 was identified as a differentially expressed lncRNA in mouse spermatogenesis by microarray technology. In mouse testis, lncRNA Gm2044 can act as competing endogenous RNA to regulate SYCP1 expression in GC-2 cells derived from mouse spermatocyte cells, and it can also act as a host gene for miR-202 to regulate RBFOX2 protein expression. In female mouse ovaries, lncRNA Gm2044 regulates 17β-estradiol synthesis through the miRNA-138-5p-Nr5a1 pathway or by interacting with EEF2. In addition, studies suggest that lncRNA Gm2044 is also involved in the progression of reproductive system diseases such as male nonobstructive azoospermia. Here, we summarize the roles and molecular mechanisms of lncRNA Gm2044 in male and female gametogenesis and its potential role in some infertility disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinran Zhu
- School of Life Science, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | - Junpei Sun
- First Affiliated Hospital, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | - Chuangchuang An
- School of Life Science, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Life Science, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | - Shumin Xu
- School of Life Science, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | - Yutong He
- School of Life Science, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- School of Life Science, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | - Lei Liu
- First Affiliated Hospital, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | - Ke Hu
- School of Life Science, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | - Meng Liang
- School of Life Science, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
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Wang Z, Wu D, Xu X, Yu G, Li N, Wang X, Li JL, Dean J. DIS3 ribonuclease is essential for spermatogenesis and male fertility in mice. Development 2024; 151:dev202579. [PMID: 38953252 PMCID: PMC11266750 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) self-renewal and differentiation provide foundational support for long-term, steady-state spermatogenesis in mammals. Here, we have investigated the essential role of RNA exosome associated DIS3 ribonuclease in maintaining spermatogonial homeostasis and facilitating germ cell differentiation. We have established male germ-cell Dis3 conditional knockout (cKO) mice in which the first and subsequent waves of spermatogenesis are disrupted. This leads to a Sertoli cell-only phenotype and sterility in adult male mice. Bulk RNA-seq documents that Dis3 deficiency partially abolishes RNA degradation and causes significant increases in the abundance of transcripts. This also includes pervasively transcribed PROMoter uPstream Transcripts (PROMPTs), which accumulate robustly in Dis3 cKO testes. In addition, scRNA-seq analysis indicates that Dis3 deficiency in spermatogonia significantly disrupts RNA metabolism and gene expression, and impairs early germline cell development. Overall, we document that exosome-associated DIS3 ribonuclease plays crucial roles in maintaining early male germ cell lineage in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengpin Wang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Di Wu
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xiaojiang Xu
- Integrative Bioinformatics Support Group, NIEHS, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Guoyun Yu
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nana Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jian-Liang Li
- Integrative Bioinformatics Support Group, NIEHS, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Jurrien Dean
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Gao J, Xu Z, Song W, Huang J, Liu W, He Z, He L. USP11 regulates proliferation and apoptosis of human spermatogonial stem cells via HOXC5-mediated canonical WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:211. [PMID: 38722330 PMCID: PMC11082041 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05248-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are capable of transmitting genetic information to the next generations and they are the initial cells for spermatogenesis. Nevertheless, it remains largely unknown about key genes and signaling pathways that regulate fate determinations of human SSCs and male infertility. In this study, we explored the expression, function, and mechanism of USP11 in controlling the proliferation and apoptosis of human SSCs as well as the association between its abnormality and azoospermia. We found that USP11 was predominantly expressed in human SSCs as shown by database analysis and immunohistochemistry. USP11 silencing led to decreases in proliferation and DNA synthesis and an enhancement in apoptosis of human SSCs. RNA-sequencing identified HOXC5 as a target of USP11 in human SSCs. Double immunofluorescence, Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP), and molecular docking demonstrated an interaction between USP11 and HOXC5 in human SSCs. HOXC5 knockdown suppressed the growth of human SSCs and increased apoptosis via the classical WNT/β-catenin pathway. In contrast, HOXC5 overexpression reversed the effect of proliferation and apoptosis induced by USP11 silencing. Significantly, lower levels of USP11 expression were observed in the testicular tissues of patients with spermatogenic disorders. Collectively, these results implicate that USP11 regulates the fate decisions of human SSCs through the HOXC5/WNT/β-catenin pathway. This study thus provides novel insights into understanding molecular mechanisms underlying human spermatogenesis and the etiology of azoospermia and it offers new targets for gene therapy of male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Gao
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhipeng Xu
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Weijie Song
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiwei Huang
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Engineering Research Center of Reproduction and Translational Medicine of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Zuping He
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Engineering Research Center of Reproduction and Translational Medicine of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China.
| | - Leye He
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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Tian H, Wang X, Li X, Song W, Mi J, Zou K. Regulation of spermatogonial stem cell differentiation by Sertoli cells-derived exosomes through paracrine and autocrine signaling. J Cell Physiol 2024; 239:e31202. [PMID: 38291718 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
In the orchestrated environment of the testicular niche, the equilibrium between self-renewal and differentiation of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) is meticulously maintained, ensuring a stable stem cell reserve and robust spermatogenesis. Within this milieu, extracellular vesicles, specifically exosomes, have emerged as critical conveyors of intercellular communication. Despite their recognized significance, the implications of testicular exosomes in modulating SSC fate remain incompletely characterized. Given the fundamental support and regulatory influence of Sertoli cells (SCs) on SSCs, we were compelled to explore the role of SC-derived exosomes (SC-EXOs) in the SSC-testicular niche. Our investigation hinged on the hypothesis that SC-EXOs, secreted by SCs from the testes of 5-day-old mice-a developmental juncture marking the onset of SSC differentiation-participate in the regulation of this process. We discovered that exposure to SC-EXOs resulted in an upsurge of PLZF, MVH, and STRA8 expression in SSC cultures, concomitant with a diminution of ID4 and GFRA1 levels. Intriguingly, obstructing exosomal communication in a SC-SSC coculture system with the exosome inhibitor GW4869 attenuated SSC differentiation, suggesting that SC-EXOs may modulate this process via paracrine signaling. Further scrutiny revealed the presence of miR-493-5p within SC-EXOs, which suppresses Gdnf mRNA in SCs to indirectly restrain SSC differentiation through the modulation of GDNF expression-an indication of autocrine regulation. Collectively, our findings illuminate the complex regulatory schema by which SC-EXOs affect SSC differentiation, offering novel perspectives and laying the groundwork for future preclinical and clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairui Tian
- Germline Stem Cells and Microenvironment Lab, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Stem Cell Research and Translation Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingju Wang
- Germline Stem Cells and Microenvironment Lab, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Stem Cell Research and Translation Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Li
- Germline Stem Cells and Microenvironment Lab, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Stem Cell Research and Translation Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weixiang Song
- Germline Stem Cells and Microenvironment Lab, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Stem Cell Research and Translation Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaqi Mi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Kang Zou
- Germline Stem Cells and Microenvironment Lab, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Stem Cell Research and Translation Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Akhmet N, Zhu L, Song J, Akhatayeva Z, Zhang Q, Su P, Li R, Pan C, Lan X. Exploring the Sheep MAST4 Gene Variants and Their Associations with Litter Size. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:591. [PMID: 38396560 PMCID: PMC10886284 DOI: 10.3390/ani14040591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The economic efficiency of sheep breeding can be improved by enhancing sheep productivity. A recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) unveiled the potential impact of the MAST4 gene on prolificacy traits in Australian White sheep (AUW)). Herein, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data from 26 different sheep breeds worldwide (n = 1507), including diverse meat, wool, milk, or dual-purpose sheep breed types from China, Europe, and Africa, were used. Moreover, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) genotyping of the MAST4 gene polymorphisms in (n = 566) Australian white sheep (AUW) was performed. The 3 identified polymorphisms were not homogeneously distributed across the 26 examined sheep breeds. Findings revealed prevalent polymorphisms (P3-ins-29 bp and P6-del-21 bp) with varying frequencies (0.02 to 0.97) across 26 breeds, while P5-del-24 bp was presented in 24 out of 26 breeds. Interestingly, the frequency of the P3-ins-29 bp variant was markedly higher in Chinese meat or dual-purpose sheep breeds, while the other two variants also showed moderate frequencies in meat breeds. Notably, association analysis indicated that all InDels were associated with AUW sheep litter size (p < 0.05). These results suggest that these InDels within the MAST4 gene could be useful in marker-assisted selection in sheep breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazar Akhmet
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (N.A.); (L.Z.); (R.L.); (C.P.)
| | - Leijing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (N.A.); (L.Z.); (R.L.); (C.P.)
| | - Jiajun Song
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (N.A.); (L.Z.); (R.L.); (C.P.)
| | - Zhanerke Akhatayeva
- Scientific Research Institute of Sheep Breeding Branch, Kazakh Scientific Research Institute of Animal Husbandry and Fodder Production, Mynbaev 040622, Kazakhstan;
| | - Qingfeng Zhang
- Tianjin Aoqun Sheep Industry Academy Company, Tianjin 300000, China;
| | - Peng Su
- National Germplasm Center of Domestic Animal Resources, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Ran Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (N.A.); (L.Z.); (R.L.); (C.P.)
| | - Chuanying Pan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (N.A.); (L.Z.); (R.L.); (C.P.)
| | - Xianyong Lan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (N.A.); (L.Z.); (R.L.); (C.P.)
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Bashghareh A, Rastegar T, Modarresi P, Kazemzadeh S, Salem M, Hedayatpour A. Recovering Spermatogenesis By Protected Cryopreservation Using Metformin and Transplanting Spermatogonial Stem Cells Into Testis in an Azoospermia Mouse Model. Biopreserv Biobank 2024; 22:68-81. [PMID: 37582284 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2022.0178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryopreservation and transplantation of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) may serve as a new method to restore male fertility in patients undergoing chemotherapy or radiotherapy. However, SSCs may be damaged during cryopreservation due to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, different antioxidants have been used as protective agents. Studies have shown that metformin (MET) has antioxidant activity. The aim of this study was to assess the antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects of MET in frozen-thawed SSCs. In addition, the effect of MET on the proliferation and differentiation of SSCs was evaluated. To this end, SSCs were isolated from mouse pups aged 3-6 days old, cultured, identified by flow cytometry (ID4, INTEGRIN β1+), and finally evaluated for survival and ROS rate. SSCs were transplanted after busulfan and cadmium treatment. Cryopreserved SSCs with and without MET were transplanted after 1 month of cryopreservation. Eight weeks after transplantation, the recipient testes were evaluated for the expression of apoptosis (BAX, BCL2), proliferation (PLZF), and differentiation (SCP3, TP1, TP2, PRM1) markers using immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The findings revealed that the survival rate of SSCs was higher in the 500 μm/mL MET group compared to the other groups (50 and 5000 μm/mL). MET significantly decreased the intracellular ROS production. Transplantation of SSCs increased the expression level of proliferation (PLZF) and differentiation (SCP3, TP1, TP2, PRM1) markers compared to azoospermia group, and their levels were significantly higher in the MET group compared to the cryopreservation group containing basic freezing medium (p < 0.05). MET increased the survival rate of SSCs, proliferation, and differentiation and decreased the ROS production and the apoptosis rate. Cryopreservation by MET seems to be effective in treating infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alieh Bashghareh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tayebeh Rastegar
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peyman Modarresi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar, Iran
| | - Shokoofeh Kazemzadeh
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Shoushtar University of Medical Sciences, Shoushtar, Iran
| | - Maryam Salem
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azim Hedayatpour
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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Lu X, Yin P, Li H, Gao W, Jia H, Ma W. Transcriptome Analysis of Key Genes Involved in the Initiation of Spermatogonial Stem Cell Differentiation. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:141. [PMID: 38397131 PMCID: PMC10888189 DOI: 10.3390/genes15020141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to screen the genes and pathways that are involved in spermatogonia stem cell (SSC) differentiation regulation during the transition from Aundiff to A1. Methods: RNA sequencing was performed to screen differentially expressed genes at 1 d and 2 d after SSC differentiation culture. KEGG pathway enrichment and GO function analysis were performed to reveal the genes and pathways related to the initiation of early SSC differentiation. RESULTS The GO analysis showed that Rpl21, which regulates cell differentiation initiation, significantly increased after 1 day of SSC differentiation. The expressions of Fn1, Cd9, Fgf2, Itgb1, Epha2, Ctgf, Cttn, Timp2 and Fgfr1, which are related to promoting differentiation, were up-regulated after 2 days of SSC differentiation. The analysis of the KEGG pathway revealed that RNA transport is the most enriched pathway 1 day after SSC differentiation. Hspa2, which promotes the differentiation of male reproductive cells, and Cdkn2a, which participates in the cell cycle, were significantly up-regulated. The p53 pathway and MAPK pathway were the most enriched pathways 2 days after SSC differentiation. Cdkn1a, Hmga2, Thbs1 and Cdkn2a, microRNAs that promote cell differentiation, were also significantly up-regulated. CONCLUSIONS RNA transport, the MAPK pathway and the p53 pathway may play vital roles in early SSC differentiation, and Rpl21, Fn1, Cd9, Fgf2, Itgb1, Epha2, Ctgf, Cttn, Timp2, Fgfr1, Hspa2, Cdkn2a, Cdkn1a, Hmga2 and Thbs1 are involved in the initiation of SSC differentiation. The findings of this study provide a reference for further revelations of the regulatory mechanism of SSC differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Wenzhi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; (X.L.); (P.Y.); (H.L.); (W.G.); (H.J.)
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Wei R, Zhang X, Li X, Wen J, Liu H, Fu J, Li L, Zhang W, Liu Z, Yang Y, Zou K. A rapid and stable spontaneous reprogramming system of Spermatogonial stem cells to Pluripotent State. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:222. [PMID: 38041111 PMCID: PMC10693117 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01150-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The scarcity of pluripotent stem cells poses a major challenge to the clinical application, given ethical and biosafety considerations. While germline stem cells commit to gamete differentiation throughout life, studies demonstrated the spontaneous acquisition of pluripotency by spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) from neonatal testes at a low frequency (1 in 1.5 × 107). Notably, this process occurs without exogenous oncogenes or chemical supplementation. However, while knockout of the p53 gene accelerates the transformation of SSCs, it also increases risk and hampers their clinical use. RESULTS We report a transformation system that efficiently and stably convert SSCs into pluripotent stem cells around 10 passages with the morphology similar to that of epiblast stem cells, which convert to embryonic stem (ES) cell-like colonies after change with ES medium. Epidermal growth factor (EGF), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and fresh mouse embryonic fibroblast feeder (MEF) are essential for transformation, and addition of 2i (CHIR99021 and PD0325901) further enhanced the pluripotency. Transcriptome analysis revealed that EGF activated the RAS signaling pathway and inhibited p38 to initiate transformation, and synergically cooperated with LIF to promote the transformation. CONCLUSION This system established an efficient and safe resource of pluripotent cells from autologous germline, and provide new avenues for regenerative medicine and animal cloning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wei
- Germline Stem Cells and Microenvironment Lab, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Stem Cell Research and Translation Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Germline Stem Cells and Microenvironment Lab, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Stem Cell Research and Translation Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Li
- Germline Stem Cells and Microenvironment Lab, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Stem Cell Research and Translation Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jian Wen
- Germline Stem Cells and Microenvironment Lab, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Stem Cell Research and Translation Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hongyang Liu
- Germline Stem Cells and Microenvironment Lab, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Stem Cell Research and Translation Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jiqiang Fu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science & Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science & Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science & Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Kang Zou
- Germline Stem Cells and Microenvironment Lab, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- Stem Cell Research and Translation Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Zhang X, Cao Q, Rajachandran S, Grow EJ, Evans M, Chen H. Dissecting mammalian reproduction with spatial transcriptomics. Hum Reprod Update 2023; 29:794-810. [PMID: 37353907 PMCID: PMC10628492 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmad017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mammalian reproduction requires the fusion of two specialized cells: an oocyte and a sperm. In addition to producing gametes, the reproductive system also provides the environment for the appropriate development of the embryo. Deciphering the reproductive system requires understanding the functions of each cell type and cell-cell interactions. Recent single-cell omics technologies have provided insights into the gene regulatory network in discrete cellular populations of both the male and female reproductive systems. However, these approaches cannot examine how the cellular states of the gametes or embryos are regulated through their interactions with neighboring somatic cells in the native tissue environment owing to tissue disassociations. Emerging spatial omics technologies address this challenge by preserving the spatial context of the cells to be profiled. These technologies hold the potential to revolutionize our understanding of mammalian reproduction. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE We aim to review the state-of-the-art spatial transcriptomics (ST) technologies with a focus on highlighting the novel biological insights that they have helped to reveal about the mammalian reproductive systems in the context of gametogenesis, embryogenesis, and reproductive pathologies. We also aim to discuss the current challenges of applying ST technologies in reproductive research and provide a sneak peek at what the field of spatial omics can offer for the reproduction community in the years to come. SEARCH METHODS The PubMed database was used in the search for peer-reviewed research articles and reviews using combinations of the following terms: 'spatial omics', 'fertility', 'reproduction', 'gametogenesis', 'embryogenesis', 'reproductive cancer', 'spatial transcriptomics', 'spermatogenesis', 'ovary', 'uterus', 'cervix', 'testis', and other keywords related to the subject area. All relevant publications until April 2023 were critically evaluated and discussed. OUTCOMES First, an overview of the ST technologies that have been applied to studying the reproductive systems was provided. The basic design principles and the advantages and limitations of these technologies were discussed and tabulated to serve as a guide for researchers to choose the best-suited technologies for their own research. Second, novel biological insights into mammalian reproduction, especially human reproduction revealed by ST analyses, were comprehensively reviewed. Three major themes were discussed. The first theme focuses on genes with non-random spatial expression patterns with specialized functions in multiple reproductive systems; The second theme centers around functionally interacting cell types which are often found to be spatially clustered in the reproductive tissues; and the thrid theme discusses pathological states in reproductive systems which are often associated with unique cellular microenvironments. Finally, current experimental and computational challenges of applying ST technologies to studying mammalian reproduction were highlighted, and potential solutions to tackle these challenges were provided. Future directions in the development of spatial omics technologies and how they will benefit the field of human reproduction were discussed, including the capture of cellular and tissue dynamics, multi-modal molecular profiling, and spatial characterization of gene perturbations. WIDER IMPLICATIONS Like single-cell technologies, spatial omics technologies hold tremendous potential for providing significant and novel insights into mammalian reproduction. Our review summarizes these novel biological insights that ST technologies have provided while shedding light on what is yet to come. Our review provides reproductive biologists and clinicians with a much-needed update on the state of art of ST technologies. It may also facilitate the adoption of cutting-edge spatial technologies in both basic and clinical reproductive research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Qiqi Cao
- Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Shreya Rajachandran
- Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Edward J Grow
- Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Melanie Evans
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Haiqi Chen
- Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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10
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Gura MA, Bartholomew MA, Abt KM, Relovská S, Seymour KA, Freiman RN. Transcription and chromatin regulation by TAF4b during cellular quiescence of developing prospermatogonia. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1270408. [PMID: 37900284 PMCID: PMC10600471 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1270408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Prospermatogonia (ProSpg) link the embryonic development of male primordial germ cells to the healthy establishment of postnatal spermatogonia and spermatogonial stem cells. While these spermatogenic precursor cells undergo the characteristic transitions of cycling and quiescence, the transcriptional events underlying these developmental hallmarks remain unknown. Here, we investigated the expression and function of TBP-associated factor 4b (Taf4b) in the timely development of quiescent mouse ProSpg using an integration of gene expression profiling and chromatin mapping. We find that Taf4b mRNA expression is elevated during the transition of mitotic-to-quiescent ProSpg and Taf4b-deficient ProSpg are delayed in their entry into quiescence. Gene ontology, protein network analysis, and chromatin mapping demonstrate that TAF4b is a direct and indirect regulator of chromatin and cell cycle-related gene expression programs during ProSpg quiescence. Further validation of these cell cycle mRNA changes due to the loss of TAF4b was accomplished via immunostaining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Together, these data indicate that TAF4b is a key transcriptional regulator of the chromatin and quiescent state of the developing mammalian spermatogenic precursor lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Soňa Relovská
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Kimberly A. Seymour
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Richard N. Freiman
- MCB Graduate Program, Providence, RI, United States
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
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11
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Adriansyah RF, Margiana R, Supardi S, Narulita P. Current Progress in Stem Cell Therapy for Male Infertility. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:2073-2093. [PMID: 37440145 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10577-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Infertility has become one of the most common issues worldwide, which has negatively affected society and infertile couples. Meanwhile, male infertility is responsible for about 50% of infertility. Accordingly, a great number of researchers have focused on its treatment during the last few years; however, current therapies such as assisted reproductive technology (ART) are not effective enough in treating male infertility. Because of their self-renewal and differentiation capabilities and unlimited sources, stem cells have recently raised great hope in the treatment of reproductive system disorders. Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that can induce different numbers of specific cells, such as male and female gametes, demonstrating their potential application in the treatment of infertility. The present review aimed at identifying the causes and potential factors that influence male fertility. Besides, we highlighted the recent studies that investigated the efficiency of stem cells such as spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs), embryonic stem cells (ESCs), very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the treatment of various types of male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ria Margiana
- Andrology Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
- Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia.
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
- Master's Programme Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
- Indonesia General Academic Hospital, Depok, Indonesia.
- Ciptomangunkusumo General Academic Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Supardi Supardi
- Andrology Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Pety Narulita
- Andrology Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
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12
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Tan L, Liu Q, He Y, Zhang J, Hou J, Ren Y, Ma W, Wang Q, Shao C. Establishment and Characterization of a Spermatogonial Stem Cell Line from Tiger Puffer Fish ( Takifugu rubripes). Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2959. [PMID: 37760359 PMCID: PMC10525247 DOI: 10.3390/ani13182959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tiger puffer fish (Takifugu rubripes) has become the main fish species cultured in China since the last century because of its high economic value. Male and female tiger puffer fish need 2 and 3 years each to reach sexual maturity, which limits the development of breeding research for this species. In recent years, in vitro culture of fish spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) have shown potential in aquaculture. In the present study, we established a spermatogenic stem cell line from T. rubripes (TrSSCs). TrSSCs were characterized by polygonal morphology, predominantly retained 44 chromosomes, and grew rapidly at 26 °C and in L-15. TrSSCs were still able to grow stably after more than one year of in vitro culture. TrSSCs showed positive alkaline phosphatase staining. TrSSCs expressed germ cell-associated genes, including dnd, ddx4, piwil, gfra1b, sox2, myca, nanog, ly75, and dazl, as determined by semiquantitative assays, and almost all cells were found to express the germ cell genes ddx4 and gfra1b in a fluorescence in situ hybridization assay. In vitro, induction experiments demonstrated the TrSSCs possessed the ability to differentiate into other types of cells. Our research has enriched the fish spermatogonial stem cell resource bank, which will provide an efficient research model for sex determination and sex control breeding in fish, establishing a foundation for subsequent breeding research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Tan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222000, China;
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (Q.L.); (Y.H.); (J.Z.); (W.M.)
| | - Qian Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (Q.L.); (Y.H.); (J.Z.); (W.M.)
| | - Yangbin He
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (Q.L.); (Y.H.); (J.Z.); (W.M.)
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (Q.L.); (Y.H.); (J.Z.); (W.M.)
| | - Jilun Hou
- Hebei Key Laboratory of the Bohai Sea Fish Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization, Beidaihe Central Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qinhuangdao 066100, China; (J.H.); (Y.R.)
| | - Yuqin Ren
- Hebei Key Laboratory of the Bohai Sea Fish Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization, Beidaihe Central Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qinhuangdao 066100, China; (J.H.); (Y.R.)
| | - Wenxiu Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (Q.L.); (Y.H.); (J.Z.); (W.M.)
| | - Qian Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (Q.L.); (Y.H.); (J.Z.); (W.M.)
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Changwei Shao
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (Q.L.); (Y.H.); (J.Z.); (W.M.)
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
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13
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Cui H, Culty M. Do macrophages play a role in the adverse effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on testicular functions? FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2023; 5:1242634. [PMID: 37720385 PMCID: PMC10501733 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2023.1242634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
During the past decades, several endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have been confirmed to affect male reproductive function and fertility in animal studies. EDCs are suspected to exert similar effects in humans, based on strong associations between levels of antiandrogenic EDCs in pregnant women and adverse reproductive effects in infants. Testicular macrophages (tMΦ) play a vital role in modulating immunological privilege and maintaining normal testicular homeostasis as well as fetal development. Although tMΦ were not historically studied in the context of endocrine disruption, they have emerged as potential targets to consider due to their critical role in regulating cells such as spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) and Leydig cells. Few studies have examined the impact of EDCs on the ability of testicular cells to communicate and regulate each other's functions. In this review, we recapitulate what is known about tMΦ functions and interactions with other cell types in the testis that support spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis. We also surveyed the literature for reports on the effects of the EDCs genistein and DEHP on tMΦ, SSCs, Sertoli and Leydig cells. Our goal is to explore the possibility that EDC disruption of tMΦ interactions with other cell types may play a role in their adverse effects on testicular developmental programming and functions. This approach will highlight gaps of knowledge, which, once resolved, should improve the risk assessment of EDC exposure and the development of safeguards to protect male reproductive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martine Culty
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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14
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Kakino K, Mon H, Ebihara T, Hino M, Masuda A, Lee JM, Kusakabe T. Comprehensive Transcriptome Analysis in the Testis of the Silkworm, Bombyx mori. INSECTS 2023; 14:684. [PMID: 37623394 PMCID: PMC10455414 DOI: 10.3390/insects14080684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is an important process in reproduction and is conserved across species, but in Bombyx mori, it shows peculiarities, such as the maintenance of spermatogonia by apical cells and fertilization by dimorphic spermatozoa. In this study, we attempted to characterize the genes expressed in the testis of B. mori, focusing on aspects of expression patterns and gene function by transcriptome comparisons between different tissues, internal testis regions, and Drosophila melanogaster. The transcriptome analysis of 12 tissues of B. mori, including those of testis, revealed the widespread gene expression of 20,962 genes and 1705 testis-specific genes. A comparative analysis of the stem region (SR) and differentiated regions (DR) of the testis revealed 4554 and 3980 specific-enriched genes, respectively. In addition, comparisons with D. melanogaster testis transcriptome revealed homologs of 1204 SR and 389 DR specific-enriched genes that were similarly expressed in equivalent regions of Drosophila testis. Moreover, gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis was performed for SR-specific enriched genes and DR-specific enriched genes, and the GO terms of several biological processes were enriched, confirming previous findings. This study advances our understanding of spermatogenesis in B. mori and provides an important basis for future research, filling a knowledge gap between fly and mammalian studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Kakino
- Laboratory of Insect Genome Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; (K.K.); (H.M.); (T.E.)
| | - Hiroaki Mon
- Laboratory of Insect Genome Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; (K.K.); (H.M.); (T.E.)
| | - Takeru Ebihara
- Laboratory of Insect Genome Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; (K.K.); (H.M.); (T.E.)
| | - Masato Hino
- Laboratory of Sanitary Entomology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan;
| | - Akitsu Masuda
- Laboratory of Creative Science for Insect Industries, Kyushu University Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; (A.M.); (J.M.L.)
| | - Jae Man Lee
- Laboratory of Creative Science for Insect Industries, Kyushu University Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; (A.M.); (J.M.L.)
| | - Takahiro Kusakabe
- Laboratory of Insect Genome Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; (K.K.); (H.M.); (T.E.)
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15
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Rajachandran S, Zhang X, Cao Q, Caldeira-Brant AL, Zhang X, Song Y, Evans M, Bukulmez O, Grow EJ, Nagano M, Orwig KE, Chen H. Dissecting the spermatogonial stem cell niche using spatial transcriptomics. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112737. [PMID: 37393620 PMCID: PMC10530051 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) in the testis support the lifelong production of sperm. SSCs reside within specialized microenvironments called "niches," which are essential for SSC self-renewal and differentiation. However, our understanding of the molecular and cellular interactions between SSCs and niches remains incomplete. Here, we combine spatial transcriptomics, computational analyses, and functional assays to systematically dissect the molecular, cellular, and spatial composition of SSC niches. This allows us to spatially map the ligand-receptor (LR) interaction landscape in both mouse and human testes. Our data demonstrate that pleiotrophin regulates mouse SSC functions through syndecan receptors. We also identify ephrin-A1 as a potential niche factor that influences human SSC functions. Furthermore, we show that the spatial re-distribution of inflammation-related LR interactions underlies diabetes-induced testicular injury. Together, our study demonstrates a systems approach to dissect the complex organization of the stem cell microenvironment in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Rajachandran
- Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Xin Zhang
- Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Qiqi Cao
- Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Andre L Caldeira-Brant
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xiangfan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Youngmin Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Melanie Evans
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Orhan Bukulmez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Edward J Grow
- Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Makoto Nagano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kyle E Orwig
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Haiqi Chen
- Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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16
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Reifarth L, Körber H, Packeiser EM, Goericke-Pesch S. Detection of spermatogonial stem cells in testicular tissue of dogs with chronic asymptomatic orchitis. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1205064. [PMID: 37396999 PMCID: PMC10311113 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1205064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic asymptomatic idiopathic orchitis (CAO) is an important but neglected cause of acquired infertility due to non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) in male dogs. The similarity of the pathophysiology in infertile dogs and men supports the dog's suitability as a possible animal model for studying human diseases causing disruption of spermatogenesis and evaluating the role of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) as a new therapeutic approach to restore or recover fertility in cases of CAO. To investigate the survival of resilient stem cells, the expression of the protein gene product (PGP9.5), deleted in azoospermia like (DAZL), foxo transcription factor 1 (FOXO1) and tyrosine-kinase receptor (C-Kit) were evaluated in healthy and CAO-affected canine testes. Our data confirmed the presence of all investigated germ cell markers at mRNA and protein levels. In addition, we postulate a specific expression pattern of FOXO1 and C-Kit in undifferentiated and differentiating spermatogonia, respectively, whereas DAZL and PGP9.5 expressions were confirmed in the entire spermatogonial population. Furthermore, this is the first study revealing a significant reduction of PGP9.5, DAZL, and FOXO1 in CAO at protein and/or gene expression level indicating a severe disruption of spermatogenesis. This means that chronic asymptomatic inflammatory changes in CAO testis are accompanied by a significant loss of SSCs. Notwithstanding, our data confirm the survival of putative stem cells with the potential of self-renewal and differentiation and lay the groundwork for further research into stem cell-based therapeutic options to reinitialize spermatogenesis in canine CAO-affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sandra Goericke-Pesch
- Reproductive Unit – Clinic for Small Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
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17
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Singh A, Hermann BP. Conserved Transcriptome Features Define Prepubertal Primate Spermatogonial Stem Cells as A dark Spermatogonia and Identify Unique Regulators. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:4755. [PMID: 36902187 PMCID: PMC10002546 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antineoplastic treatments for cancer and other non-malignant disorders can result in long-term or permanent male infertility by ablating spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). SSC transplantation using testicular tissue harvested before a sterilizing treatment is a promising approach for restoring male fertility in these cases, but a lack of exclusive biomarkers to unequivocally identify prepubertal SSCs limits their therapeutic potential. To address this, we performed single-cell RNA-seq on testis cells from immature baboons and macaques and compared these cells with published data from prepubertal human testis cells and functionally-defined mouse SSCs. While we found discrete groups of human spermatogonia, baboon and rhesus spermatogonia appeared less heterogenous. A cross-species analysis revealed cell types analogous to human SSCs in baboon and rhesus germ cells, but a comparison with mouse SSCs revealed significant differences with primate SSCs. Primate-specific SSC genes were enriched for components and regulators of the actin cytoskeleton and participate in cell-adhesion, which may explain why the culture conditions for rodent SSCs are not appropriate for primate SSCs. Furthermore, correlating the molecular definitions of human SSC, progenitor and differentiating spermatogonia with the histological definitions of Adark/Apale spermatogonia indicates that both SSCs and progenitor spermatogonia are Adark, while Apale spermatogonia appear biased towards differentiation. These results resolve the molecular identity of prepubertal human SSCs, define novel pathways that could be leveraged for advancing their selection and propagation in vitro, and confirm that the human SSC pool resides entirely within Adark spermatogonia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian P. Hermann
- Department of Neuroscience, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, 1 UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
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18
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van Melis V, Roa-de la Cruz L, Hermann BP. Isolation of Undifferentiated Spermatogonia from Adult and Developing Mouse Testes. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2656:179-193. [PMID: 37249872 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3139-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In the mammalian testis, the mitotic complements of spermatogenic cells are spermatogonia, including spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) which form the basis of life-long spermatogenesis and male fertility. Thus, investigating spermatogonia and subdivisions thereof is essential to increase our understanding of male germline development and infertility. This protocol describes the isolation of spermatogonia from both adult and developing [postnatal day 6 (P6)] mouse testes. Cell suspensions of the adult mouse testis from the Id4-Egfp transgenic mouse line are obtained through a two-step enzymatic digestion and are subjected to Percoll pre-enrichment before spermatogonia are isolated by selecting testis cells that are CD9bright and ID4-EGFP+ through FACS. For P6 mice, the testis is digested using trypsin-DNase, and spermatogonia are isolated by FACS selection of ID4-EGFP+ testis cells. In both cases, nearly pure populations of undifferentiated spermatogonia are obtained that can be further subdivided using additional parameters (e.g., EGFP intensity, cell surface protein immunostaining), and recovered for use in various downstream applications, such as biochemical analyses (e.g., transcriptome/epigenome), functional analyses by SSC transplantation or propagation in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera van Melis
- Department of Neuroscience, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Lorena Roa-de la Cruz
- Department of Neuroscience, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Brian P Hermann
- Department of Neuroscience, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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19
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Yadav K, Yadav A, Rajpoot A, Mishra RK. Postnatal ontogeny of Neuromedin S and its receptors NMUR1 and NMUR2 expression in mouse testis. Peptides 2023; 159:170899. [PMID: 36336170 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2022.170899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Neuromedin S (NMS) is a well-known anorexigenic neuropeptide. Despite some reports of the presence of its transcript and precursor protein in testis, the expression and localization of NMS and its receptors during the postnatal development of mammalian testis remains elusive. We investigated the expression patterns and testicular localization of NMS and its receptors NMUR1 and NMUR2, during 5, 10, 20, 30, and 90 days of postnatal development, using real time PCR, immunoblot analysis and immunohistochemistry in mice. NMS and its receptors are present at all age groups at transcript level in mouse testis. At the protein level, NMS and NMUR2 are present in all age groups, whereas NMUR1 is present primarily in 30- and 90-day testis. Immunolocalization study showed that NMS and NMUR2 are expressed in spermatogonia, spermatocytes, Sertoli cells, and Leydig cells, in contrast to NMUR1 which is expressed exclusively in the Leydig cells of 30- and 90-day testis. The results also confirm the intranuclear localization of NMS in spermatogonia and spermatocytes. Although NMS-NMUR2 is expressed in Sertoli cells at all stages of the spermatogenic cycle, they showed a stage-specific expression pattern in spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes. In conclusion, NMS and its receptors NMUR1 and NMUR2 are expressed in the testis and may regulate spermatogenesis, possibly by modulating steroidogenesis and Sertoli cell function in the testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Yadav
- Male Reproductive Physiology lab, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Anupam Yadav
- Male Reproductive Physiology lab, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Arti Rajpoot
- Male Reproductive Physiology lab, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Raghav Kumar Mishra
- Male Reproductive Physiology lab, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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20
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Porto-Neto LR, Alexandre PA, Hudson NJ, Bertram J, McWilliam SM, Tan AWL, Fortes MRS, McGowan MR, Hayes BJ, Reverter A. Multi-breed genomic predictions and functional variants for fertility of tropical bulls. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0279398. [PMID: 36701372 PMCID: PMC9879470 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, most beef breeding herds are naturally mated. As such, the ability to identify and select fertile bulls is critically important for both productivity and genetic improvement. Here, we collected ten fertility-related phenotypes for 6,063 bulls from six tropically adapted breeds. Phenotypes were comprised of four bull conformation traits and six traits directly related to the quality of the bull's semen. We also generated high-density DNA genotypes for all the animals. In total, 680,758 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotypes were analyzed. The genomic correlation of the same trait observed in different breeds was positive for scrotal circumference and sheath score on most breed comparisons, but close to zero for the percentage of normal sperm, suggesting a divergent genetic background for this trait. We confirmed the importance of a breed being present in the reference population to the generation of accurate genomic estimated breeding values (GEBV) in an across-breed validation scenario. Average GEBV accuracies varied from 0.19 to 0.44 when the breed was not included in the reference population. The range improved to 0.28 to 0.59 when the breed was in the reference population. Variants associated with the gene HDAC4, six genes from the spermatogenesis-associated (SPATA) family of proteins, and 29 transcription factors were identified as candidate genes. Collectively these results enable very early in-life selection for bull fertility traits, supporting genetic improvement strategies currently taking place within tropical beef production systems. This study also improves our understanding of the molecular basis of male fertility in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nicholas J. Hudson
- School of Animal Studies, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, Australia
| | - John Bertram
- Agriculture Consultant, Livestock Management and Breeding, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Andre W. L. Tan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Marina R. S. Fortes
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael R. McGowan
- School of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, Australia
| | - Ben J. Hayes
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
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21
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Suzuki T. Overview of single-cell RNA sequencing analysis and its application to spermatogenesis research. Reprod Med Biol 2023; 22:e12502. [PMID: 36726594 PMCID: PMC9884325 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Single-cell transcriptomics allows parallel analysis of multiple cell types in tissues. Because testes comprise somatic cells and germ cells at various stages of spermatogenesis, single-cell RNA sequencing is a powerful tool for investigating the complex process of spermatogenesis. However, single-cell RNA sequencing analysis needs extensive knowledge of experimental technologies and bioinformatics, making it difficult for many, particularly experimental biologists and clinicians, to use it. Methods Aiming to make single-cell RNA sequencing analysis familiar, this review article presents an overview of experimental and computational methods for single-cell RNA sequencing analysis with a history of transcriptomics. In addition, combining the PubMed search and manual curation, this review also provides a summary of recent novel insights into human and mouse spermatogenesis obtained using single-cell RNA sequencing analyses. Main Findings Single-cell RNA sequencing identified mesenchymal cells and type II innate lymphoid cells as novel testicular cell types in the adult mouse testes, as well as detailed subtypes of germ cells. This review outlines recent discoveries into germ cell development and subtypes, somatic cell development, and cell-cell interactions. Conclusion The findings on spermatogenesis obtained using single-cell RNA sequencing may contribute to a deeper understanding of spermatogenesis and provide new directions for male fertility therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Suzuki
- RIKEN Center for Integrated Medical Science (IMS)Yokohama CityKanagawaJapan
- Graduate School of Medical Life ScienceYokohama City UniversityYokohama CityKanagawaJapan
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22
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Chapman KM, Pudasaini A, Vanderbeck MN, Hamra FK. Rattus norvegicus Spermatogenesis Colony-Forming Assays. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2677:233-257. [PMID: 37464246 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3259-8_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge gaps persist on signaling pathways and metabolic states in germ cells sufficient to support spermatogenesis independent of a somatic environment. Consequently, methods to culture mammalian stem cells through spermatogenesis in defined systems have not been established. Lack of success at culturing mammalian stem cells through spermatogenesis in defined systems reflects an inability to experimentally recapitulate biochemical events that develop in germ cells within the testis-specific seminiferous epithelium. Complex germ and somatic cell associations that develop each seminiferous epithelial cycle support such a hypothesis, conceivably explaining why highly pure mammalian spermatogonia do not effectively develop into and through meiosis without somatic cells. Here, we outline an in vitro spermatogenesis colony-forming assay to study how differentiating spermatogonial syncytia develop from rat spermatogonial stem cell lines. Robust spermatogonial differentiation under defined culture conditions, once established, is anticipated to facilitate molecular biology studies on pre-meiotic steps in gametogenesis by providing soma-free bioassays to systematically identify spermatogenic factors that promote meiotic progression in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Chapman
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Cecil H. & Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | | | - F Kent Hamra
- Cecil H. & Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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23
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Meng L, Zhang Y, Hua Y, Ma Y, Wang H, Li X, Jiang Y, Zhu G. Identification of oogonial stem cells in chicken ovary. Cell Prolif 2022; 56:e13371. [PMID: 36526415 PMCID: PMC9977656 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Oogonial stem cells (OSCs) are germ cells that can sustain neo-oogenesis to replenish the pool of primary follicles in adult ovaries. In lower vertebrates, fresh oocytes are produced by numerous OSCs through mitosis and meiosis during each reproduction cycle, but the OSCs in adult mammals are rare. The birds have retained many conserved features and developed unique features of ovarian physiology during evolution, and the presence of OSCs within avian species remain unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we investigated the existence and function of OSCs in adult chickens. The chicken OSCs were isolated and expanded in culture. We then used cell transplantation system to evaluate their potential for migration and differentiation in vivo. RESULTS DDX4/SSEA1-positive OSCs were identified in both the cortex and medulla of the adult chicken ovary. These putative OSCs undergo meiosis in the reproductively active ovary. Furthermore, the isolated OSCs were expanded in vitro for months and found to express germline markers similar to those of primordial germ cells. When transplanted into the bloodstream of recipient embryos, these OSCs efficiently migrated into developing gonads, initiated meiosis, and then derived oocytes in postnatal ovaries. CONCLUSIONS This study has confirmed the presence of functional OSCs in birds for the first time. The identification of chicken OSCs has great potential for improving egg laying and preserving endangered species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Meng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary MedicineShandong Agricultural UniversityTaianChina,College of Animal Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yun Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary MedicineShandong Agricultural UniversityTaianChina
| | - Yao Hua
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary MedicineShandong Agricultural UniversityTaianChina,College of Animal Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yuxiao Ma
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary MedicineShandong Agricultural UniversityTaianChina
| | - Heng Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary MedicineShandong Agricultural UniversityTaianChina
| | - Xianyao Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary MedicineShandong Agricultural UniversityTaianChina
| | - Yunliang Jiang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary MedicineShandong Agricultural UniversityTaianChina
| | - Guiyu Zhu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary MedicineShandong Agricultural UniversityTaianChina,College of Animal Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
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24
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Rabbani M, Zheng X, Manske GL, Vargo A, Shami AN, Li JZ, Hammoud SS. Decoding the Spermatogenesis Program: New Insights from Transcriptomic Analyses. Annu Rev Genet 2022; 56:339-368. [PMID: 36070560 PMCID: PMC10722372 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-080320-040045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is a complex differentiation process coordinated spatiotemporally across and along seminiferous tubules. Cellular heterogeneity has made it challenging to obtain stage-specific molecular profiles of germ and somatic cells using bulk transcriptomic analyses. This has limited our ability to understand regulation of spermatogenesis and to integrate knowledge from model organisms to humans. The recent advancement of single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) technologies provides insights into the cell type diversity and molecular signatures in the testis. Fine-grained cell atlases of the testis contain both known and novel cell types and define the functional states along the germ cell developmental trajectory in many species. These atlases provide a reference system for integrated interspecies comparisons to discover mechanistic parallels and to enable future studies. Despite recent advances, we currently lack high-resolution data to probe germ cell-somatic cell interactions in the tissue environment, but the use of highly multiplexed spatial analysis technologies has begun to resolve this problem. Taken together, recent single-cell studies provide an improvedunderstanding of gametogenesis to examine underlying causes of infertility and enable the development of new therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mashiat Rabbani
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA;
| | - Xianing Zheng
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA;
| | - Gabe L Manske
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Alexander Vargo
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA;
| | - Adrienne N Shami
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA;
| | - Jun Z Li
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA;
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Saher Sue Hammoud
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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25
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Park JW, Kim YJ, Lee SJ, Ko JJ, Kim DK, Lee JH. Down-Regulation of Neogenin Decreases Proliferation and Differentiation of Spermatogonia during the Early Phase of Spermatogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314761. [PMID: 36499089 PMCID: PMC9738271 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-obstructive azoospermia is a major clinical issue associated with male infertility that remains to be addressed. Although neogenin is reportedly abundantly expressed in the testis, its role in mammalian spermatogenesis is unknown. We systematically investigated the role of neogenin during spermatogenesis by performing loss-of-function studies. Testis-specific neogenin conditional knock-out (cKO) mice were generated using CRISPR/Cas9 and neogenin-targeting guide RNAs. We analyzed the expression profiles of germ cell factors by RT-PCR and Western blotting. Neogenin localized mainly to spermatogonia in seminiferous tubules of mouse testes. RT-PCR and Western blot analyses further demonstrated that neogenin expression varied during spermatogenesis and was dramatically increased at postnatal day 12-25 during the pubertal stage. In neogenin-cKO mouse testes, the ratio of primary and secondary spermatocytes was significantly decreased compared with the control, while the number of apoptotic testicular cells was significantly increased. Taken together, these results suggest that neogenin plays a pivotal role in the maintenance and proliferation of spermatogonia during the early stage of spermatogenesis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Woo Park
- CHA Fertility Center Seoul Station, Seoul 04634, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Science, CHA University, Pochen 11160, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jin Kim
- CHA Fertility Center Seoul Station, Seoul 04634, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jin Lee
- Institute of Animal Genetic Resources Affiliated with Traditional Hanwoo Co., Ltd., Boryeong 33402, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Jae Ko
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Science, CHA University, Pochen 11160, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Keun Kim
- Department of Urology, CHA Fertility Center Seoul Station, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul 04637, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (D.K.K.); (J.H.L.); Tel.: +82-2-2002-0309 (D.K.K.); +82-2-2002-0406 (J.H.L.)
| | - Jae Ho Lee
- CHA Fertility Center Seoul Station, Seoul 04634, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Science, CHA University, Pochen 11160, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (D.K.K.); (J.H.L.); Tel.: +82-2-2002-0309 (D.K.K.); +82-2-2002-0406 (J.H.L.)
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26
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Kirsanov O, Johnson T, Malachowski T, Niedenberger BA, Gilbert EA, Bhowmick D, Ozdinler PH, Gray DA, Fisher-Wellman K, Hermann BP, Geyer CB. Modeling mammalian spermatogonial differentiation and meiotic initiation in vitro. Development 2022; 149:282465. [PMID: 36250451 PMCID: PMC9845750 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In mammalian testes, premeiotic spermatogonia respond to retinoic acid by completing an essential lengthy differentiation program before initiating meiosis. The molecular and cellular changes directing these developmental processes remain largely undefined. This wide gap in knowledge is due to two unresolved technical challenges: (1) lack of robust and reliable in vitro models to study differentiation and meiotic initiation; and (2) lack of methods to isolate large and pure populations of male germ cells at each stage of differentiation and at meiotic initiation. Here, we report a facile in vitro differentiation and meiotic initiation system that can be readily manipulated, including the use of chemical agents that cannot be safely administered to live animals. In addition, we present a transgenic mouse model enabling fluorescence-activated cell sorting-based isolation of millions of spermatogonia at specific developmental stages as well as meiotic spermatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr Kirsanov
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Taylor Johnson
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Taylor Malachowski
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Bryan A. Niedenberger
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Emma A. Gilbert
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Debajit Bhowmick
- Flow Cytometry Facility, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - P. Hande Ozdinler
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60611, USA
| | - Douglas A. Gray
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1H 8M5, Canada,Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Kelsey Fisher-Wellman
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA,East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Brian P. Hermann
- Department of Neuroscience, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Christopher B. Geyer
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA,East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA,Author for correspondence ()
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27
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Abofoul‐Azab M, Lunenfeld E, Kleiman S, Barda S, Hauser R, Huleihel M. Determining the expression levels of CSF-1 and OCT4, CREM-1, and protamine in testicular biopsies of adult Klinefelter patients: Their possible correlation with spermatogenesis. Andrologia 2022; 54:e14558. [PMID: 36177809 PMCID: PMC9786270 DOI: 10.1111/and.14558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is the most prevalent genetic disorder of infertile males. This study aimed to determine in Klinefelter patients (KS) the expression levels of spermatogenic markers and testicular growth factors that might predict spermatogenesis based on conventional testicular sperm extraction (TESE). The expression levels of the pre-meiotic (OCT4, CD9, GFR-α1, α-6-INTEGRIN, SALL4, C-KIT), meiotic (CREM-1), and post-meiotic (protamine) markers, as well as the colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) were examined in testicular biopsies with and without mature sperm of KS and normal karyotype of azoospermic patients (AZO) with complete spermatogenesis. In the biopsies of AZO, the expression levels (fold of expression compared to the PPI of the same sample) of OCT4 were 9.68± 7.93, CREM 42.78± 28.22, CSF-1 3.07 ± 3.19, and protamine 78498.12 ± 73214.40. Biopsies from KS included 7 with sperm and 17 without sperm. Among the biopsies with sperm, the expression levels of OCT4 were 7.27± 9.29, CREM 3.13± 7.89, CSF-1 35.5 ± 48.01, and protamine 902.97 ± 2365.92. In 14 biopsies without sperm, we found low expression levels of OCT4, CREM and CSF-1, and no expression of protamine. However, in three of the biopsies without sperm that highly expressed OCT4 and CSF-1, the expression levels of CREM-1 and protamine were high. These results may be used for further consulting with patients considering repeating conventional TESE or micro TESE and cryopreservation for possible future in-vitro spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maram Abofoul‐Azab
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and GeneticsBen‐Gurion University of the NegevBeer‐ShevaIsrael,The Center of Advanced Research and Education in Reproduction (CARER), Faculty of Health SciencesBen‐Gurion University of the NegevBeer‐ShevaIsrael,Faculty of Health SciencesBen‐Gurion University of the NegevBeer‐ShevaIsrael
| | | | - Sandra Kleiman
- Male Fertility Clinic and Sperm BankLis Maternity HospitalTel AvivIsrael,Sourasky Medical CenterTel‐AvivIsrael,Sackler School of Medicine Tel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Shimi Barda
- Male Fertility Clinic and Sperm BankLis Maternity HospitalTel AvivIsrael
| | - Ron Hauser
- Male Fertility Clinic and Sperm BankLis Maternity HospitalTel AvivIsrael,Sourasky Medical CenterTel‐AvivIsrael,Sackler School of Medicine Tel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Mahmoud Huleihel
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and GeneticsBen‐Gurion University of the NegevBeer‐ShevaIsrael,The Center of Advanced Research and Education in Reproduction (CARER), Faculty of Health SciencesBen‐Gurion University of the NegevBeer‐ShevaIsrael,Faculty of Health SciencesBen‐Gurion University of the NegevBeer‐ShevaIsrael
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28
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Zhang Y, Yang L, Fang K, Li Q, Xu H, Ren Y, Zi J, Chen CD, Liu S. Dynamic Responses of Chromosome-Binding Protein Complexes to Meiotic Prophase I of Mouse Spermatocyte. J Proteome Res 2022; 21:2715-2726. [PMID: 36223561 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Meiotic prophase I (MPI) is the most important event in mammalian meiosis. The status of the chromosome-binding proteins (CBPs) and the corresponding complexes and their functions in MPI have not yet been well scrutinized. Quantitative proteomics focused on MPI-related CBPs was accomplished, in which mouse primary spermatocytes in four different subphases of MPI were collected, and chromosome-enriched proteins were extracted and quantitatively identified. According to a stringent criterion, 1136 CBPs in the MPI subphases were quantified. Looking at the dynamic patterns of CBP abundance in response to MPI progression, the patterns were broadly divided into two groups: high abundance in leptotene and zygotene or that in pachytene and diplotene. Furthermore, 152 such CBPs were regarded as 26 CBP complexes with strict filtration, in which some of these complexes were perceived to be MPI-dependent for the first time. These complexes basically belonged to four functional categories, while their dynamic abundance changes following MPI appeared; the functions of DNA replication decreased; and transcription and synapsis were activated in zygotene, pachytene, and diplotene; in contrast to the traditional prediction, condensin activity weakened in pachytene and diplotene. Profiling of protein complexes thus offered convincing evidence of the importance of CBP complexes in MPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxing Zhang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.,College of Life Sciences & Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 China
| | | | - Kailun Fang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031 China
| | - Qidan Li
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Hongkai Xu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.,College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan Ren
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.,Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jin Zi
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Charlie Degui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Siqi Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
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29
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Escher J, Yan W, Rissman EF, Wang HLV, Hernandez A, Corces VG. Beyond Genes: Germline Disruption in the Etiology of Autism Spectrum Disorders. J Autism Dev Disord 2022; 52:4608-4624. [PMID: 34596807 PMCID: PMC9035896 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-05304-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Investigations into the etiology of autism spectrum disorders have been largely confined to two realms: variations in DNA sequence and somatic developmental exposures. Here we suggest a third route-disruption of the germline epigenome induced by exogenous toxicants during a parent's gamete development. Similar to cases of germline mutation, these molecular perturbations may produce dysregulated transcription of brain-related genes during fetal and early development, resulting in abnormal neurobehavioral phenotypes in offspring. Many types of exposures may have these impacts, and here we discuss examples of anesthetic gases, tobacco components, synthetic steroids, and valproic acid. Alterations in parental germline could help explain some unsolved phenomena of autism, including increased prevalence, missing heritability, skewed sex ratio, and heterogeneity of neurobiology and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Escher
- Escher Fund for Autism, 1590 Calaveras Avenue, San Jose, CA, USA.
| | - Wei Yan
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Emilie F Rissman
- Center for Human Health and the Environment and Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Hsiao-Lin V Wang
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Arturo Hernandez
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, MaineHealth, Scarborough, ME, USA
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Victor G Corces
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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30
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Talibova G, Bilmez Y, Ozturk S. DNA double-strand break repair in male germ cells during spermatogenesis and its association with male infertility development. DNA Repair (Amst) 2022; 118:103386. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2022.103386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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31
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Youjing granules ameliorate spermatogenesis in rats through regulating the prolifereation of spermatogonial stem cells. Chin J Nat Med 2022; 20:580-588. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(22)60209-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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32
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Kazemzadeh S, Mohammadpour S, Madadi S, Babakhani A, Shabani M, Khanehzad M. Melatonin in cryopreservation media improves transplantation efficiency of frozen-thawed spermatogonial stem cells into testes of azoospermic mice. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:346. [PMID: 35883101 PMCID: PMC9327150 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03029-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cryostorage of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) is an appropriate procedure for long-term storage of SSCs for fertility preservation. However, it causes damage to cellular structures through overproduction of ROS and oxidative stress. In this study, we examined the protective effect of melatonin as a potent antioxidant in the basic freezing medium to establish an optimal cryopreservation method for SSCs. Methods SSCs were obtained from the testes of neonatal male mice aged 3–6 days. Then, 100 μM melatonin was added to the basic freezing medium containing DMSO for cryopreservation of SSCs. Viability, apoptosis-related markers (BAX and BCL2), and intracellular ROS generation level were measured in frozen–thawed SSCs before transplantation using the MTT assay, immunocytochemistry, and flow cytometry, respectively. In addition, Western blotting and immunofluorescence were used to evaluate the expression of proliferation (PLZF and GFRα1) and differentiation (Stra8 and SCP3) proteins in frozen–thawed SSCs after transplantation into recipient testes. Results The data showed that adding melatonin to the cryopreservation medium markedly increased the viability and reduced intracellular ROS generation and apoptosis (by decreasing BAX and increasing BCL2) in the frozen–thawed SSCs (p < 0.05). The expression levels of proliferation (PLZF and GFRα1) and differentiation (Stra8 and SCP3) proteins and resumption of spermatogenesis from frozen–thawed SSCs followed the same pattern after transplantation. Conclusions The results of this study revealed that adding melatonin as an antioxidant to the cryopreservation medium containing DMSO could be a promising strategy for cryopreservation of SSCs to maintain fertility in prepubertal male children who suffer from cancer. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-03029-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shokoofeh Kazemzadeh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Mohammadpour
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.,Biotechnology and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Soheila Madadi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Azar Babakhani
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.,Biotechnology and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Maryam Shabani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Khanehzad
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Chen X, Kan Y, Zhong Y, Jawad M, Wei W, Gu K, Gui L, Li M. Generation of a Normal Long-Term-Cultured Chinese Hook Snout Carp Spermatogonial Stem Cell Line Capable of Sperm Production In Vitro. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11071069. [PMID: 36101449 PMCID: PMC9312933 DOI: 10.3390/biology11071069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary In vitro-induced differentiation of sperm cells is a key technology for genetic resource conservation. In the past ten years, Opsariichthys bidens has become a famous and excellent aquatic species in some areas in China. However, its genetic resources have reduced dramatically. To protect against the decline of O. bidens, a long-term-cultured spermatogonial stem cell line (ObSSC) of adult O. bidens was successfully established. The result of our study showed that ObSSC had a diploid karyotype and stable growth over more than 2 years, with SSC-typical gene expression patterns. Furthermore, our research demonstrates the potential and regulation mechanism of fish spermatogonial stem cell differentiation into different cells of three germ layers. Our findings will assist further research on the genetic resource conservation of germplasm in a commercially and ecologically valuable fish species. Abstract Opsariichthys bidens belongs to the family Cyprinidae and is a small freshwater economic fish widely distributed in China. In recent years, the natural resources of O. bidens have been drastically reduced due to overfishing and the destruction of the water environment. The in vitro culture and long-term preservation of germ stem cells are the key technologies to keep genetic resources from degeneration. However, except for the establishment of the first long-term cultured medaka spermatogonia cell line (SSC) capable of producing sperm in vitro in 2004, no other long-term cultured SSC line has been found in other fish species. In this study, we successfully established another long-term-cultured spermatogonial stem cell line from Opsariichthys bidens (ObSSC). After more than 2 years of culture, ObSSC had a diploid karyotype and stable growth, with the typical gene expression patterns of SSC. Under in vitro culture, ObSSC could be induced to differentiate into sperm and other different types of somatic cells. In vivo, ObSSC could differentiate into different cells of three germ layers upon being transplanted into zebrafish embryos. Our research helps to explore the potential and regulation mechanism of fish SSC differentiation and spermatogenesis in vitro, provides a new way for solving the problem of fish genetic resource degradation and lays a foundation for further research on fish germ cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (X.C.); (Y.K.); (Y.Z.); (M.J.); (W.W.); (K.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yuting Kan
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (X.C.); (Y.K.); (Y.Z.); (M.J.); (W.W.); (K.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Ying Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (X.C.); (Y.K.); (Y.Z.); (M.J.); (W.W.); (K.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Microecological Resources and Utilization in Breeding Industry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Muhammad Jawad
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (X.C.); (Y.K.); (Y.Z.); (M.J.); (W.W.); (K.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Wenbo Wei
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (X.C.); (Y.K.); (Y.Z.); (M.J.); (W.W.); (K.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Kaiyan Gu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (X.C.); (Y.K.); (Y.Z.); (M.J.); (W.W.); (K.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Lang Gui
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (X.C.); (Y.K.); (Y.Z.); (M.J.); (W.W.); (K.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Mingyou Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (X.C.); (Y.K.); (Y.Z.); (M.J.); (W.W.); (K.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (M.L.)
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Li X, Wang M, Liu S, Chen X, Qiao Y, Yang X, Yao J, Wu S. Paternal transgenerational nutritional epigenetic effect: A new insight into nutritional manipulation to reduce the use of antibiotics in animal feeding. ANIMAL NUTRITION 2022; 11:142-151. [PMID: 36204282 PMCID: PMC9527621 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The use of antibiotics in animal feeding has been banned in many countries because of increasing concerns about the development of bacterial resistance to antibiotics and potential issues on food safety. Searching for antibiotic substitutes is essential. Applying transgenerational epigenetic technology to animal production could be an alternative. Some environmental changes can be transferred to memory-like responses in the offspring through epigenetic mechanisms without changing the DNA sequence. In this paper, we reviewed those nutrients and non-nutritional additives that have transgenerational epigenetic effects, including some amino acids, vitamins, and polysaccharides. The paternal transgenerational nutritional epigenetic regulation was particularly focused on mechanism of the substantial contribution of male stud animals to the animal industries. We illustrated the effects of paternal transgenerational epigenetics on the metabolism and immunity in farming animals and proposed strategies to modulate male breeding livestock or poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Stockholm 17165, Sweden
| | - Mengya Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Shimin Liu
- Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yu Qiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Department of Animal Engineering, Yangling Vocational and Technical College, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiaojun Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Junhu Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Shengru Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Corresponding authors.
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Lu C, Zhang D, Zhang J, Li L, Qiu J, Gou K, Cui S. Casein kinase 1α regulates murine spermatogenesis via p53-Sox3 signaling. Development 2022; 149:275697. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.200205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Casein kinase 1α (CK1α), acting as one member of the β-catenin degradation complex, negatively regulates the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. CK1α knockout usually causes both Wnt/β-catenin and p53 activation. Our results demonstrated that conditional disruption of CK1α in spermatogonia impaired spermatogenesis and resulted in male mouse infertility. The progenitor cell population was dramatically decreased in CK1α conditional knockout (cKO) mice, while the proliferation of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) was not affected. Furthermore, our molecular analyses identified that CK1α loss was accompanied by nuclear stability of p53 protein in mouse spermatogonia, and dual-luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that p53 directly targeted the Sox3 gene. In addition, the p53 inhibitor pifithrin α (PFTα) partially rescued the phenotype observed in cKO mice. Collectively, our data suggest that CK1α regulates spermatogenesis and male fertility through p53-Sox3 signaling, and they deepen our understanding of the regulatory mechanism underlying the male reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University 1 , Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu , People's Republic of China
| | - Di Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University 1 , Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu , People's Republic of China
| | - Jinglin Zhang
- Institute of Reproduction and Metabolism, Yangzhou University 2 , Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu , People's Republic of China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University 3 , Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu , People's Republic of China
| | - Liuhui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University 1 , Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu , People's Republic of China
| | - Jingtao Qiu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University 1 , Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu , People's Republic of China
| | - Kemian Gou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University 1 , Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu , People's Republic of China
- Institute of Reproduction and Metabolism, Yangzhou University 2 , Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu , People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses 4 , Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu , People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University 1 , Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu , People's Republic of China
- Institute of Reproduction and Metabolism, Yangzhou University 2 , Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu , People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses 4 , Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu , People's Republic of China
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Cerván-Martín M, Bossini-Castillo L, Guzmán-Jiménez A, Rivera-Egea R, Garrido N, Lujan S, Romeu G, Santos-Ribeiro S, Group I, Group LC, Castilla JA, Gonzalvo MC, Clavero A, Maldonado V, Vicente FJ, Burgos M, Jiménez R, González-Muñoz S, Sánchez-Curbelo J, López-Rodrigo O, Pereira-Caetano I, Marques PI, Carvalho F, Barros A, Bassas L, Seixas S, Gonçalves J, Larriba S, Lopes AM, Palomino-Morales RJ, Carmona FD. Common genetic variation in KATNAL1 non-coding regions is involved in the susceptibility to severe phenotypes of male infertility. Andrology 2022; 10:1339-1350. [PMID: 35752927 PMCID: PMC9546047 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background Previous studies in animal models evidenced that genetic mutations of KATNAL1, resulting in dysfunction of its encoded protein, lead to male infertility through disruption of microtubule remodelling and premature germ cell exfoliation. Subsequent studies in humans also suggested a possible role of KATNAL1 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms in the development of male infertility as a consequence of severe spermatogenic failure. Objectives The main objective of the present study is to evaluate the effect of the common genetic variation of KATNAL1 in a large and phenotypically well‐characterised cohort of infertile men because of severe spermatogenic failure. Materials and methods A total of 715 infertile men because of severe spermatogenic failure, including 210 severe oligospermia and 505 non‐obstructive azoospermia patients, as well as 1058 unaffected controls were genotyped for three KATNAL1 single‐nucleotide polymorphism taggers (rs2077011, rs7338931 and rs2149971). Case–control association analyses by logistic regression assuming different models and in silico functional characterisation of risk variants were conducted. Results Genetic associations were observed between the three analysed taggers and different severe spermatogenic failure groups. However, in all cases, the haplotype model (rs2077011*C | rs7338931*T | rs2149971*A) better explained the observed associations than the three risk alleles independently. This haplotype was associated with non‐obstructive azoospermia (adjusted p = 4.96E‐02, odds ratio = 2.97), Sertoli‐cell only syndrome (adjusted p = 2.83E‐02, odds ratio = 5.16) and testicular sperm extraction unsuccessful outcomes (adjusted p = 8.99E‐04, odds ratio = 6.13). The in silico analyses indicated that the effect on severe spermatogenic failure predisposition could be because of an alteration of the KATNAL1 splicing pattern. Conclusions Specific allelic combinations of KATNAL1 genetic polymorphisms may confer a risk of developing severe male infertility phenotypes by favouring the overrepresentation of a short non‐functional transcript isoform in the testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Cerván-Martín
- Departamento de Genética e Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, de Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Lara Bossini-Castillo
- Departamento de Genética e Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, de Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Andrea Guzmán-Jiménez
- Departamento de Genética e Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, de Granada, Spain
| | - Rocío Rivera-Egea
- Andrology Laboratory and Sperm Bank, IVIRMA Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,IVI Foundation, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain
| | - Nicolás Garrido
- IVI Foundation, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain.,Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitari i Politecnic La Fe e Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain
| | - Saturnino Lujan
- Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitari i Politecnic La Fe e Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain
| | - Gema Romeu
- Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitari i Politecnic La Fe e Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain
| | - Samuel Santos-Ribeiro
- IVI-RMA Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | | | - José A Castilla
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain.,Unidad de Reproducción, UGC Obstetricia y Ginecología, HU Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain.,CEIFER Biobanco - NextClinics, Granada, Spain
| | - M Carmen Gonzalvo
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain.,Unidad de Reproducción, UGC Obstetricia y Ginecología, HU Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Clavero
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain.,Unidad de Reproducción, UGC Obstetricia y Ginecología, HU Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - Vicente Maldonado
- UGC de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Complejo Hospitalario de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - F Javier Vicente
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain.,UGC de Urología, HU Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Burgos
- Departamento de Genética e Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, de Granada, Spain
| | - Rafael Jiménez
- Departamento de Genética e Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, de Granada, Spain
| | - Sara González-Muñoz
- Departamento de Genética e Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, de Granada, Spain
| | - Josvany Sánchez-Curbelo
- Laboratory of Seminology and Embryology, Andrology Service-Fundació Puigvert, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga López-Rodrigo
- Laboratory of Seminology and Embryology, Andrology Service-Fundació Puigvert, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iris Pereira-Caetano
- Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Patricia I Marques
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto (I3S), Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipa Carvalho
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto (I3S), Porto, Portugal.,Serviço de Genética, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alberto Barros
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto (I3S), Porto, Portugal.,Serviço de Genética, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Lluís Bassas
- Laboratory of Seminology and Embryology, Andrology Service-Fundació Puigvert, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Seixas
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto (I3S), Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - João Gonçalves
- Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal.,ToxOmics - Centro de Toxicogenómica e Saúde Humana, Nova Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sara Larriba
- Human Molecular Genetics Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alexandra M Lopes
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto (I3S), Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Rogelio J Palomino-Morales
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - F David Carmona
- Departamento de Genética e Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, de Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
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Beltrán-Frutos E, Seco-Rovira V, Martínez-Hernández J, Ferrer C, Serrano-Sánchez MI, Pastor LM. Cellular Modifications in Spermatogenesis during Seasonal Testicular Regression: An Update Review in Mammals. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12131605. [PMID: 35804504 PMCID: PMC9265002 DOI: 10.3390/ani12131605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The most common form of reproduction in mammals is seasonal reproduction. This ensures that offspring are born at the most suitable time for survival, due to the abundance of food and the optimal temperatures for early postnatal development. In males, one way to achieve this is to decrease or lose fertility over a given period. This loss is associated with a greater or lesser degree of spermatogenesis modification that affects both germ and Sertoli cells. This paper reviews the different cellular mechanisms that have been postulated in recent years to explain how the activity of the seminiferous epithelium decreases during the non-reproductive period. Abstract Testicular regression occurs during the non-breeding season in many mammals. This affects spermatogenesis, resulting in decreased or arrested activity. Both lead to a decrease or cessation in sperm production. In recent years, the cellular mechanisms that lead to infertility in males in non-reproductive periods have been studied in very different species of mammals. At the start of the present century, the main mechanism involved was considered as an increase in the apoptotic activity of germ cells during the regression period. The loss of spermatogonia and spermatocytes causes not only a decrease in spermatogenesis, but an arrest of the seminiferous epithelium activity at the end of regression. Recently, in some mammal species, it was found that apoptosis is the usual mechanism involved in epithelium activity arrest, although it is firstly atrophied by massive desquamation of the germ cells that are released from their binding with the Sertoli cells, and which are shed into the lumen of the seminiferous tubule. In other species, it has been shown that not only germ cell apoptosis, but also Sertoli cell apoptosis, including decreased proliferative activity, spermatophagy or autophagy, are involved in testicular regression. Furthermore, the most recent studies indicate that there are multiple patterns of seminiferous epithelium regression in seasonally breeding animals, which may not only be used by different species, but also by the same ones to reproduce in the best conditions, ensuring their survival. In conclusion, at this time, it is not possible to consider the existence of a paradigmatic cellular mechanism in the involution of the seminiferous epithelium applicable to all male mammals with seasonal reproduction, rather the existence of several mechanisms which participate to a greater or lesser extent in each of the species that have been studied to date.
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Models and Molecular Markers of Spermatogonial Stem Cells in Vertebrates: To Find Models in Nonmammals. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:4755514. [PMID: 35685306 PMCID: PMC9174007 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4755514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are the germline stem cells that are essential for the maintenance of spermatogenesis in the testis. However, it has not been sufficiently understood in amphibians, reptiles, and fish because numerous studies have been focused mainly on mammals. The aim of this review is to discuss scientific ways to elucidate SSC models of nonmammals in the context of the evolution of testicular organization since rodent SSC models. To further understand the SSC models in nonmammals, we point out common markers of an SSC pool (undifferentiated spermatogonia) in various types of testes where the kinetics of the SSC pool appears. This review includes the knowledge of (1) common molecular markers of vertebrate type A spermatogonia including putative SSC markers, (2) localization of the markers on the spermatogonia that have been reported in previous studies, (3) highlighting the most common markers in vertebrates, and (4) suggesting ways of finding SSC models in nonmammals.
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Mohammed BT, Donadeu FX. Localisation and in silico based functional analysis of miR-202 in bull testis. Reprod Domest Anim 2022; 57:1082-1087. [PMID: 35569037 PMCID: PMC9545423 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bull fertility is pivotal to the prosperity of the cattle industry worldwide. miR‐202 has been shown to be gonad specific and to have key roles in gonad function in different species. To further understand the involvement of miR‐202 in bull reproduction, this study aimed to establish its localization in bovine testicular tissue and to identify putative biological functions using bioinformatics approaches. We assessed the miR‐202 expression in paraffin‐embedded tissue samples collected form an abattoir using in situ hybridization. miR‐202 was present in Sertoli cells and in germ cells at different stages of development. Using available databases, a total of 466 predicted gene targets of miR‐202 were identified. Functional annotation revealed that miR‐202 target genes were mainly associated with protein modification and phosphorylation processes as well as longevity regulating pathway. Moreover, genes in the longevity regulating pathway mapped to PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway which is involved in promoting proliferation of testicular cells and spermatogenesis. These findings suggest that miR‐202 plays important roles in regulating proliferation and viability of testicular cells including somatic and germ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra T Mohammed
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Duhok, Iraq.,The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - F Xavier Donadeu
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, United Kingdom
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de Castro RO, Carbajal A, Previato de Almeida L, Goitea V, Griffin CT, Pezza RJ. Mouse Chd4-NURD is required for neonatal spermatogonia survival and normal gonad development. Epigenetics Chromatin 2022; 15:16. [PMID: 35568926 PMCID: PMC9107693 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-022-00448-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Testis development and sustained germ cell production in adults rely on the establishment and maintenance of spermatogonia stem cells and their proper differentiation into spermatocytes. Chromatin remodeling complexes regulate critical processes during gamete development by restricting or promoting accessibility of DNA repair and gene expression machineries to the chromatin. Here, we investigated the role of Chd4 and Chd3 catalytic subunits of the NURD complex during spermatogenesis. Germ cell-specific deletion of chd4 early in gametogenesis, but not chd3, resulted in arrested early gamete development due to failed cell survival of neonate undifferentiated spermatogonia stem cell population. Candidate assessment revealed that Chd4 controls expression of dmrt1 and its downstream target plzf, both described as prominent regulators of spermatogonia stem cell maintenance. Our results show the requirement of Chd4 in mammalian gametogenesis pointing to functions in gene expression early in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo O de Castro
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Suite B305. 825 NE 13th street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Agustin Carbajal
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Suite B305. 825 NE 13th street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Luciana Previato de Almeida
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Suite B305. 825 NE 13th street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Victor Goitea
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Suite B305. 825 NE 13th street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Courtney T Griffin
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Roberto J Pezza
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Suite B305. 825 NE 13th street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA. .,Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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Culture media and supplements affect proliferation, colony-formation, and potency of porcine male germ cells. Theriogenology 2022; 187:227-237. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Guan X, Ji M, Wen X, Huang F, Zhao X, Chen D, Shao J, Wang J, Xie J, Tian J, Lin H, Duan P, Zirkin BR, Su Z, Chen H. Single-cell RNA sequencing of adult rat testes after Leydig cell elimination and restoration. Sci Data 2022; 9:106. [PMID: 35338159 PMCID: PMC8956705 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01225-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is an efficient, complex, and highly organized proliferation and differentiation process that relies on multiple factors including testosterone produced by the Leydig cells. Although the critical role played by testosterone in spermatogenesis is well recognized, the mechanism by which it works is still not completely understood, partially due to the inability to specifically and precisely monitor testosterone-dependent changes within developing germ cells. Here we present single-cell RNA sequencing data from10,983 adult rat testicular cells after the rats were treated with ethanedimethanesulfonate, which temporarily eliminates Leydig cells. The elimination and recovery of Leydig cells represented a complete testosterone depletion and restoration cycle. The dataset, which includes all developing germ cells from spermatogonia to spermatozoa, should prove useful for characterizing developing germ cells, their regulatory networks, and novel cell-specific markers. The dataset should be particularly useful for exploring the effects of the androgen environment on the regulation of spermatogenesis. As this is the first single-cell RNA-Seq dataset for rat testes, it can also serve as a reference for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoju Guan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Minpeng Ji
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Xin Wen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Fu Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Xingyi Zhao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Jingjing Shao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Jiexia Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Jiajia Xie
- Department of Pharmacology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Jing Tian
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Han Lin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Ping Duan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Barry R Zirkin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, United States of America
| | - Zhijian Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Haolin Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China. .,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China.
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Mendes S, Sá R, Magalhães M, Marques F, Sousa M, Silva E. The Role of ROS as a Double-Edged Sword in (In)Fertility: The Impact of Cancer Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061585. [PMID: 35326736 PMCID: PMC8946252 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Tumor cells are highly resistant to oxidative stress, but beyond a certain threshold, it may lead to apoptosis/necrosis. Thus, induced loss of redox balance can be a strategy used in anticancer therapies. However, the effectiveness of drugs contrasts with unknown mechanisms involved in the loss of fertility. Considering that cancer patients’ life expectancy is increasing, it raises concerns about the unknown adverse effects. Therefore, new strategies should be pursued alongside explaining to the patients their options regarding the reproduction side effects. Abstract Tumor cells are highly resistant to oxidative stress resulting from the imbalance between high reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and insufficient antioxidant defenses. However, when intracellular levels of ROS rise beyond a certain threshold, largely above cancer cells’ capacity to reduce it, they may ultimately lead to apoptosis or necrosis. This is, in fact, one of the molecular mechanisms of anticancer drugs, as most chemotherapeutic treatments alter redox homeostasis by further elevation of intracellular ROS levels or inhibition of antioxidant pathways. In traditional chemotherapy, it is widely accepted that most therapeutic effects are due to ROS-mediated cell damage, but in targeted therapies, ROS-mediated effects are mostly unknown and data are still emerging. The increasing effectiveness of anticancer treatments has raised new challenges, especially in the field of reproduction. With cancer patients’ life expectancy increasing, many aiming to become parents will be confronted with the adverse effects of treatments. Consequently, concerns about the impact of anticancer therapies on reproductive capacity are of particular interest. In this review, we begin with a short introduction on anticancer therapies, then address ROS physiological/pathophysiological roles in both male and female reproductive systems, and finish with ROS-mediated adverse effects of anticancer treatments in reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Mendes
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, University Institute of Maia (ISMAI), 4475-690 Maia, Portugal;
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Rosália Sá
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Microscopy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (R.S.); (M.S.)
- Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Manuel Magalhães
- Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal;
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Center of Porto (CHUP), Largo do Prof. Abel Salazar, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Franklim Marques
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Center of Porto (CHUP), Largo do Prof. Abel Salazar, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Mário Sousa
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Microscopy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (R.S.); (M.S.)
- Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Elisabete Silva
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Immuno-Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), Institute for Research & Innovation in Health (I3S), University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Yokota S, Takeda K, Oshio S. Spatiotemporal Small Non-coding RNAs Expressed in the Germline as an Early Biomarker of Testicular Toxicity and Transgenerational Effects Caused by Prenatal Exposure to Nanosized Particles. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2022; 3:691070. [PMID: 35295114 PMCID: PMC8915876 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2021.691070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, an apparent decline in human sperm quality has been observed worldwide. One in every 5.5 couples suffers from infertility, with male reproductive problems contributing to nearly 40% of all infertility cases. Although the reasons for the increasing number of infertility cases are largely unknown, both genetic and environmental factors can be contributing factors. In particular, exposure to chemical substances during mammalian male germ cell development has been linked to an increased risk of infertility in later life owing to defective sperm production, reproductive tract obstruction, inflammation, and sexual disorders. Prenatal exposure to nanomaterials (NMs) is no exception. In animal experiments, maternal exposure to NMs has been reported to affect the reproductive health of male offspring. Male germ cells require multiple epigenetic reprogramming events during their lifespan to acquire reproductive capacity. Given that spermatozoa deliver the paternal genome to oocytes upon fertilization, we hypothesized that maternal exposure to NMs negatively affects male germ cells by altering epigenetic regulation, which may in turn affect embryo development. Small non-coding RNAs (including microRNAs, PIWI-interacting RNAs, tRNA-derived small RNAs, and rRNA-derived small RNAs), which are differentially expressed in mammalian male germ cells in a spatiotemporal manner, could play important regulatory roles in spermatogenesis and embryogenesis. Thus, the evaluation of RNAs responsible for sperm fertility is of great interest in reproductive toxicology and medicine. However, whether the effect of maternal exposure to NMs on spermatogenesis in the offspring (intergenerational effects) really triggers multigenerational effects remains unclear, and infertility biomarkers for evaluating paternal inheritance have not been identified to date. In this review, existing lines of evidence on the effects of prenatal exposure to NMs on male reproduction are summarized. A working hypothesis of the transgenerational effects of sperm-derived epigenomic changes in the F1 generation is presented, in that such maternal exposure could affect early embryonic development followed by deficits in neurodevelopment and male reproduction in the F2 generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Yokota
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Center for Biological Safety and Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Ken Takeda
- Division of Toxicology and Health Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sanyo-Onoda City University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Shigeru Oshio
- Department of Hygiene Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ohu University, Koriyama, Japan
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Ascorbic acid regulates mouse spermatogonial stem cell proliferation in a Wnt/β-catenin/ROS signaling dependent manner. Theriogenology 2022; 184:61-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Antonine B, Guillaume M, Philippe D, Marie-Hélène P. Low concentrations of glyphosate alone affect the pubertal male rat meiotic step: An in vitro study. Toxicol In Vitro 2022; 79:105291. [PMID: 34864054 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glyphosate is the most used herbicide in the world. Controversial studies exist on its effect on the male reproductive system. We used the validated BioAlter® model to test the effects of low concentrations of Glyphosate. Pubertal rat seminiferous tubules were treated with Glyphosate 50 nM, 500 nM, 5 μM or 50 μM over a 3-week culture period. The Trans-Epithelial Electrical Resistance was not modified by any of the concentrations. The decrease of Clusterin mRNAs suggested that glyphosate would target the integrity of Sertoli cells. The decrease of the numbers of germ cells from day 14 onward highlighted the chronic effect of glyphosate at 50 nM, 500 nM or 5 μM. No consistent effect of glyphosate was observed on the numbers of spermatogonia or on their specific mRNA levels. However, those low concentrations of glyphosate targeted young spermatocytes and middle to late pachytene spermatocytes resulting in a decrease of the numbers of round spermatids, the direct precursors of spermatozoa. This study underlines that the effect of a toxicant should be also studied at low doses and during the establishment of the blood-testis barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blondet Antonine
- Kallistem, VetAgro Sup, 1 Avenue Bourgelat, 69280 Marcy-l'Etoile, France.
| | - Martin Guillaume
- Kallistem, VetAgro Sup, 1 Avenue Bourgelat, 69280 Marcy-l'Etoile, France.
| | - Durand Philippe
- Kallistem, VetAgro Sup, 1 Avenue Bourgelat, 69280 Marcy-l'Etoile, France.
| | - Perrard Marie-Hélène
- INSERM U 1208, Institut Cellule Souche et Cerveau, 18 avenue du Doyen Lépine, 69500 Bron, France.
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47
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Fayaz MA, Ibtisham F, Cham TC, Honaramooz A. Culture supplementation of bFGF, GDNF, and LIF alters in vitro proliferation, colony formation, and pluripotency of neonatal porcine germ cells. Cell Tissue Res 2022; 388:195-210. [PMID: 35102441 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-022-03583-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Gonocytes in the neonatal testis have male germline stem cell properties and as such have important potential applications in fertility preservation and regenerative medicine. Such applications require further studies aimed at increasing gonocyte numbers and evaluating their pluripotency in vitro. The objective of the present study was to test the effects of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) on in vitro propagation, colony formation, and expression of pluripotency markers of neonatal porcine gonocytes. Testis cells from 1-week-old piglets were cultured in basic media (DMEM + 15% FBS), supplemented with various concentrations of bFGF, GDNF, and LIF, either individually or in combinations, in a stepwise experimental design. Gonocytes and/or their colonies were evaluated every 7 days and the gonocyte- (DBA) and pluripotency-specific markers (POU5F1, SSEA-1, E-cadherin, and NANOG) assessed on day 28. Greatest gonocyte numbers and largest colonies were found in media supplemented with 10 ng/mL bFGF and 10 ng/mL bFGF + 100 ng/mL GDNF + 1500 U/mL LIF, respectively. The resultant gonocytes and colonies expressed both germ cell- and pluripotency-specific markers. These results shed light on the growth hormone requirements of porcine gonocytes for in vitro proliferation and colony formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amin Fayaz
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Fahar Ibtisham
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Tat-Chuan Cham
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Ali Honaramooz
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5B4, Canada.
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Abstract
Patient survival following childhood cancer has increased with contemporary radiation and chemotherapy techniques. However, gonadotoxicity associated with treatments means that infertility is a common consequence in survivors. Novel fertility preservation options are emerging, but knowledge about these options amongst urologists and other medical professionals is lacking. Pre-pubertal boys generally do not produce haploid germ cells. Thus, strategies for fertility preservation require cryopreservation of tissue containing spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). Few centres worldwide routinely offer this option and fertility restoration (including testicular tissue engraftment, autotransplantation of SSCs and in vitro maturation of SSCs to spermatozoa) post-thaw is experimental. In pubertal boys, the main option for fertility preservation is masturbation and cryopreservation of the ejaculate. Assisted ejaculation using penile vibratory stimulation or electroejaculation and surgical sperm retrieval can be used in a sequential manner after failed masturbation. Physicians should inform boys and parents about the gonadotoxic effects of cancer treatment and offer fertility preservation. Preclinical experience has identified challenges in pre-pubertal fertility preservation, but available options are expected to be successful when today's pre-pubertal boys with cancer become adults. By contrast, fertility preservation in pubertal boys is clinically proven and should be offered to all patients undergoing cancer treatment.
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Park JK, Song Y, Kim DW, Cho K, Yeo JM, Lee R, Lim YS, Lee WY, Park HJ. Helix-loop-helix protein ID4 expressed in bovine Sertoli cells. Acta Histochem 2021; 123:151800. [PMID: 34673438 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2021.151800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Stage- and cell type-specific biomarkers are important for understanding spermatogenesis in mammalian testis. The present study identified several testicular cell marker proteins in 6- and 24-month old bovine testes. In 6-month old bovine testes, spermatogonia and spermatocytes were detected but complete spermatogenesis occurred in 24-month old testes. The diameters of the seminiferous tubules increased significantly in the 24-month old testes compared with those in the 6-month old testes. Protein Gene Product 9.5 (PGP9.5), also known as the undifferentiated spermatogonium marker, and GATA4 (GATA binding protein 4), vimentin, and SOX9 (SRY-Box Transcription Factor 9) were detected in the basement membrane region. Interestingly, ID4 (inhibitor of DNA binding protein 4; previously known as the undifferentiated cell marker) proteins were located in the basement membrane region but their expression patterns were different from those of PGP9.5. Co-immunohistochemistry results showed that ID4 was detected in the Sertoli cells expressing vimentin and SOX9 in 6- and 24-month old bovine testes. This result indicated that ID4 is a putative biomarker of Sertoli cell in the bovine system, which is different from the rodent models. Thus, these results will contribute in understanding the process of spermatogenesis that is different in bovines compared to other species.
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50
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Bae MJ, Kang MK, Kye YU, Baek JH, Sim YJ, Lee HJ, Kang YR, Jo WS, Kim JS, Lee CG. Differential Effects of Low and High Radiation Dose Rates on Mouse Spermatogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312834. [PMID: 34884637 PMCID: PMC8657493 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The adverse effects of radiation are proportional to the total dose and dose rate. We aimed to investigate the effects of radiation dose rate on different organs in mice. The mice were subjected to low dose rate (LDR, ~3.4 mGy/h) and high dose rate (HDR, ~51 Gy/h) radiation. LDR radiation caused severe tissue toxicity, as observed in the histological analysis of testis. It adversely influenced sperm production, including sperm count and motility, and induced greater sperm abnormalities. The expression of markers of early stage spermatogonial stem cells, such as Plzf, c-Kit, and Oct4, decreased significantly after LDR irradiation, compared to that following exposure of HDR radiation, in qPCR analysis. The compositional ratios of all stages of spermatogonia and meiotic cells, except round spermatid, were considerably reduced by LDR in FACS analysis. Therefore, LDR radiation caused more adverse testicular damage than that by HDR radiation, contrary to the response observed in other organs. Therefore, the dose rate of radiation may have differential effects, depending on the organ; it is necessary to evaluate the effect of radiation in terms of radiation dose, dose rate, organ type, and other conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ji Bae
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Busan 619-953, Korea; (M.J.B.); (M.K.K.); (Y.U.K.); (J.-H.B.); (Y.-J.S.); (Y.-R.K.); (W.S.J.)
| | - Min Kook Kang
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Busan 619-953, Korea; (M.J.B.); (M.K.K.); (Y.U.K.); (J.-H.B.); (Y.-J.S.); (Y.-R.K.); (W.S.J.)
| | - Yong Uk Kye
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Busan 619-953, Korea; (M.J.B.); (M.K.K.); (Y.U.K.); (J.-H.B.); (Y.-J.S.); (Y.-R.K.); (W.S.J.)
| | - Jeong-Hwa Baek
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Busan 619-953, Korea; (M.J.B.); (M.K.K.); (Y.U.K.); (J.-H.B.); (Y.-J.S.); (Y.-R.K.); (W.S.J.)
| | - Ye-Ji Sim
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Busan 619-953, Korea; (M.J.B.); (M.K.K.); (Y.U.K.); (J.-H.B.); (Y.-J.S.); (Y.-R.K.); (W.S.J.)
| | - Hae-June Lee
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, 75 Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01812, Korea;
| | - Yeong-Rok Kang
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Busan 619-953, Korea; (M.J.B.); (M.K.K.); (Y.U.K.); (J.-H.B.); (Y.-J.S.); (Y.-R.K.); (W.S.J.)
| | - Wol Soon Jo
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Busan 619-953, Korea; (M.J.B.); (M.K.K.); (Y.U.K.); (J.-H.B.); (Y.-J.S.); (Y.-R.K.); (W.S.J.)
| | - Joong Sun Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.S.K.); (C.G.L.); Tel.: +82-62-868-9537 (J.S.K.); +82-51-720-5142 (C.G.L.)
| | - Chang Geun Lee
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Busan 619-953, Korea; (M.J.B.); (M.K.K.); (Y.U.K.); (J.-H.B.); (Y.-J.S.); (Y.-R.K.); (W.S.J.)
- Correspondence: (J.S.K.); (C.G.L.); Tel.: +82-62-868-9537 (J.S.K.); +82-51-720-5142 (C.G.L.)
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