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Chen Z, Cameron TC, Couce E, Garcia C, Hicks N, Thomas GE, Thompson MSA, Whitby C, O'Gorman EJ. Oil and gas platforms degrade benthic invertebrate diversity and food web structure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 929:172536. [PMID: 38643886 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Oil and gas exploitation introduces toxic contaminants such as hydrocarbons and heavy metals to the surrounding sediment, resulting in deleterious impacts on marine benthic communities. This study combines benthic monitoring data over a 30-year period in the North Sea with dietary information on >1400 taxa to quantify the effects of active oil and gas platforms on benthic food webs using a multiple before-after control-impact experiment. Contamination from oil and gas platforms caused declines in benthic food web complexity, community abundance, and biodiversity. Fewer trophic interactions and increased connectance indicated that the community became dominated by generalists adapting to alternative resources, leading to simpler but more connected food webs in contaminated environments. Decreased mean body mass, shorter food chains, and the dominance of small detritivores such as Capitella capitata near to structures suggested a disproportionate loss of larger organisms from higher trophic levels. These patterns were associated with concentrations of hydrocarbons and heavy metals that exceed OSPAR's guideline thresholds of sediment toxicity. This study provides new evidence to better quantify and manage the environmental consequences of oil and gas exploitation at sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelin Chen
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom.
| | - Tom C Cameron
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Couce
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, United Kingdom
| | - Clement Garcia
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie Hicks
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth E Thomas
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom; Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5HD, United Kingdom
| | - Murray S A Thompson
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, United Kingdom
| | - Corinne Whitby
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom
| | - Eoin J O'Gorman
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom
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Henriques JF, Lacava M, Guzman C, Gavin-Centol MP, Ruiz-Lupión D, Ruiz A, Viera C, Moya-Laraño J, Magalhães S. Trait-Specific Indirect Effects Underlie Variation in the Response of Spiders to Cannibalistic Social Partners. Am Nat 2023; 202:322-336. [PMID: 37606949 DOI: 10.1086/725427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
AbstractIn cannibalistic species, selection to avoid conspecifics may stem from the need to avoid being eaten or to avoid competition. Individuals may thus use conspecific cues to modulate their behavior to such threats. Yet the nature of variation for such cues remains elusive. Here, we use a half-sib/full-sib design to evaluate the contribution of (indirect) genetic or environmental effects to the behavioral response of the cannibalistic wolf spider Lycosa fasciiventris (Dufour, 1835) toward conspecific cues. Spiders showed variation in relative occupancy time, activity, and velocity on patches with or without conspecific cues, but direct genetic variance was found only for occupancy time. These three traits were correlated and could be lumped in a principal component: spiders spending more time in patches with conspecific cues moved less and more slowly in those areas. Genetic and/or environmental components of carapace width and weight loss in the social partner, which may reflect the quality and/or quantity of cues produced, were significantly correlated with this principal component, with larger partners causing focal individuals to move more slowly. Therefore, environmental and genetic trait variation in social partners may maintain trait diversity in focal individuals, even in the absence of direct genetic variation.
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3
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Lamarins A, Fririon V, Folio D, Vernier C, Daupagne L, Labonne J, Buoro M, Lefèvre F, Piou C, Oddou‐Muratorio S. Importance of interindividual interactions in eco-evolutionary population dynamics: The rise of demo-genetic agent-based models. Evol Appl 2022; 15:1988-2001. [PMID: 36540635 PMCID: PMC9753837 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of eco-evolutionary dynamics, that is of the intertwinning between ecological and evolutionary processes when they occur at comparable time scales, is of growing interest in the current context of global change. However, many eco-evolutionary studies overlook the role of interindividual interactions, which are hard to predict and yet central to selective values. Here, we aimed at putting forward models that simulate interindividual interactions in an eco-evolutionary framework: the demo-genetic agent-based models (DG-ABMs). Being demo-genetic, DG-ABMs consider the feedback loop between ecological and evolutionary processes. Being agent-based, DG-ABMs follow populations of interacting individuals with sets of traits that vary among the individuals. We argue that the ability of DG-ABMs to take into account the genetic heterogeneity-that affects individual decisions/traits related to local and instantaneous conditions-differentiates them from analytical models, another type of model largely used by evolutionary biologists to investigate eco-evolutionary feedback loops. Based on the review of studies employing DG-ABMs and explicitly or implicitly accounting for competitive, cooperative or reproductive interactions, we illustrate that DG-ABMs are particularly relevant for the exploration of fundamental, yet pressing, questions in evolutionary ecology across various levels of organization. By jointly modelling the effects of management practices and other eco-evolutionary processes on interindividual interactions and population dynamics, DG-ABMs are also effective prospective and decision support tools to evaluate the short- and long-term evolutionary costs and benefits of management strategies and to assess potential trade-offs. Finally, we provide a list of the recent practical advances of the ABM community that should facilitate the development of DG-ABMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaïa Lamarins
- E2S UPPA, INRAE, ECOBIOPUniversité de Pau et des Pays de l'AdourSaint‐Pée‐sur‐NivelleFrance
- Management of Diadromous Fish in their Environment, OFB, INRAE, Institut AgroUniv Pau & Pays Adour/E2S UPPARennesFrance
| | - Victor Fririon
- INRAE, UR 629 Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes, URFMAvignonFrance
| | - Dorinda Folio
- E2S UPPA, INRAE, ECOBIOPUniversité de Pau et des Pays de l'AdourSaint‐Pée‐sur‐NivelleFrance
| | - Camille Vernier
- CIRAD, UMR CBGP, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier SupAgroUniv. MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Léa Daupagne
- E2S UPPA, INRAE, ECOBIOPUniversité de Pau et des Pays de l'AdourSaint‐Pée‐sur‐NivelleFrance
| | - Jacques Labonne
- E2S UPPA, INRAE, ECOBIOPUniversité de Pau et des Pays de l'AdourSaint‐Pée‐sur‐NivelleFrance
| | - Mathieu Buoro
- E2S UPPA, INRAE, ECOBIOPUniversité de Pau et des Pays de l'AdourSaint‐Pée‐sur‐NivelleFrance
| | - François Lefèvre
- INRAE, UR 629 Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes, URFMAvignonFrance
| | - Cyril Piou
- CIRAD, UMR CBGP, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier SupAgroUniv. MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Sylvie Oddou‐Muratorio
- E2S UPPA, INRAE, ECOBIOPUniversité de Pau et des Pays de l'AdourSaint‐Pée‐sur‐NivelleFrance
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Vorburger C. Defensive Symbionts and the Evolution of Parasitoid Host Specialization. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 67:329-346. [PMID: 34614366 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-072621-062042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Insect host-parasitoid interactions abound in nature and are characterized by a high degree of host specialization. In addition to their behavioral and immune defenses, many host species rely on heritable bacterial endosymbionts for defense against parasitoids. Studies on aphids and flies show that resistance conferred by symbionts can be very strong and highly specific, possibly as a result of variation in symbiont-produced toxins. I argue that defensive symbionts are therefore an important source of diversifying selection, promoting the evolution of host specialization by parasitoids. This is likely to affect the structure of host-parasitoid food webs. I consider potential changes in terms of food web complexity, although the nature of these effects will also be influenced by whether maternally transmitted symbionts have some capacity for lateral transfer. This is discussed in the light of available evidence for horizontal transmission routes. Finally, I propose that defensive mutualisms other than microbial endosymbionts may also exert diversifying selection on insect parasitoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Vorburger
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland;
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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5
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Hertika AMS, Arfiati D, Lusiana ED, Putra RB. Effect of environmental factors on hematology profile of Gambusia affinis caught at Brantas River watershed, Indonesia. F1000Res 2021; 10:1169. [PMID: 35419189 PMCID: PMC8978147 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.74117.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Contamination of freshwater ecosystems has become a major issue as it threatens public water sources as well as aquatic life. It is important to predict changes in organism health, given a known number of environmental factors and pollutant concentrations, in order to better manage contaminants through biomarker analysis. This study aims to examine the ecosystem health of the Brantas River based on its environmental condition and the hematology profile of Gambusia affinis fish present in the river. This species was chosen because of its wide distribution along the Brantas River, and because it is very tolerant, adaptable, highly abundant, and easy to catch. Methods: The study area included 10 sampling sites along the Brantas River watershed. In total, six water quality parameters were observed (temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD), ammonia concentration, and phenol concentration) and hematology measurements consisted of erythrocyte, leucocyte, and micronuclei analyses. Results: The results showed that the upstream area of Brantas River, located in Batu, was the least polluted region, while Mojokerto was the most polluted. The erythrocyte level of Gambusia affinis caught in most sampling sites was quite low. Furthermore, research revealed that the status of Gambusia affinis' hematological profile was significantly correlated (p<0.05) with water quality parameters, particularly DO, BOD, ammonia, and phenol. Conclusions: It can be concluded from these results that the hematological profile of the fish is poor due to high levels of organic waste and harmful substances.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diana Arfiati
- Water Resource Management, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, 65144, Indonesia
| | - Evellin Dewi Lusiana
- Water Resource Management, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, 65144, Indonesia
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6
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Hertika AMS, Arfiati D, Lusiana ED, Putra RB. Effect of environmental factors on blood counts of Gambusia affinis caught at Brantas River watershed, Indonesia. F1000Res 2021; 10:1169. [PMID: 35419189 PMCID: PMC8978147 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.74117.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Contamination of freshwater ecosystems has become a major issue as it threatens public water sources as well as aquatic life. It is important to predict changes in organism health, given a known number of environmental factors and pollutant concentrations, in order to better manage contaminants through biomarker analysis. This study aims to examine the ecosystem health of the Brantas River based on its environmental condition and the hematology profile of Gambusia affinis fish present in the river. This species was chosen because of its wide distribution along the Brantas River, and because it is very tolerant, adaptable, highly abundant, and easy to catch. Methods: The study area included 10 sampling sites along the Brantas River watershed. In total, six water quality parameters were observed (temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD), ammonia concentration, and phenol concentration) and hematology measurements consisted of erythrocyte, leucocyte, and micronuclei analyses. Results: The results showed that the upstream area of Brantas River, located in Batu, was the least polluted region, while Mojokerto was the most polluted. The erythrocyte level of Gambusia affinis caught in most sampling sites was quite low. Furthermore, research revealed that the status of Gambusia affinis' hematological profile was significantly correlated (p<0.05) with water quality parameters, particularly DO, BOD, ammonia, and phenol. Conclusions: It can be concluded from these results that the hematological profile of the fish is poor due to high levels of organic waste and harmful substances.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diana Arfiati
- Water Resource Management, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, 65144, Indonesia
| | - Evellin Dewi Lusiana
- Water Resource Management, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, 65144, Indonesia
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7
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Henriques JF, Lacava M, Guzmán C, Gavín-Centol MP, Ruiz-Lupión D, De Mas E, Magalhães S, Moya-Laraño J. The sources of variation for individual prey-to-predator size ratios. Heredity (Edinb) 2021; 126:684-694. [PMID: 33452465 PMCID: PMC8115045 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-020-00395-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The relative body size at which predators are willing to attack prey, a key trait for predator-prey interactions, is usually considered invariant. However, this ratio can vary widely among individuals or populations. Identifying the range and origin of such variation is key to understanding the strength and constraints on selection in both predators and prey. Still, these sources of variation remain largely unknown. We filled this gap by measuring the genetic, maternal and environmental variation of the maximum prey-to-predator size ratio (PPSRmax) in juveniles of the wolf spider Lycosa fasciiventris using a paternal half-sib split-brood design, in which each male was paired with two females and the offspring reared in two food environments: poor and rich. Each juvenile spider was then sequentially offered crickets of decreasing size and the maximum prey size killed was determined. We also measured body size and body condition of spiders upon emergence and just before the trial. We found low, but significant heritability (h2 = 0.069) and dominance and common environmental variance (d2 + 4c2 = 0.056). PPSRmax was also partially explained by body condition (during trial) but there was no effect of the rearing food environment. Finally, a maternal correlation between body size early in life and PPSRmax indicated that offspring born larger were less predisposed to feed on larger prey later in life. Therefore, PPSRmax, a central trait in ecosystems, can vary widely and this variation is due to different sources, with important consequences for changes in this trait in the short and long terms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge F. Henriques
- grid.9983.b0000 0001 2181 4263cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal ,grid.466639.80000 0004 0547 1725Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas, CSIC, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120-La Cañada De San Urbano, Almeria, Spain
| | - Mariángeles Lacava
- grid.11630.350000000121657640CENUR Noreste Sede Rivera, Universidad de la República, Ituzaingó, 667 Rivera Uruguay
| | - Celeste Guzmán
- grid.466639.80000 0004 0547 1725Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas, CSIC, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120-La Cañada De San Urbano, Almeria, Spain
| | - Maria Pilar Gavín-Centol
- grid.466639.80000 0004 0547 1725Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas, CSIC, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120-La Cañada De San Urbano, Almeria, Spain
| | - Dolores Ruiz-Lupión
- grid.466639.80000 0004 0547 1725Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas, CSIC, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120-La Cañada De San Urbano, Almeria, Spain
| | - Eva De Mas
- grid.466639.80000 0004 0547 1725Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas, CSIC, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120-La Cañada De San Urbano, Almeria, Spain
| | - Sara Magalhães
- grid.9983.b0000 0001 2181 4263cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jordi Moya-Laraño
- grid.466639.80000 0004 0547 1725Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas, CSIC, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120-La Cañada De San Urbano, Almeria, Spain
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9
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Holmes LA, Nelson WA, Lougheed SC. Food quality effects on instar-specific life histories of a holometabolous insect. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:626-637. [PMID: 32015831 PMCID: PMC6988550 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
It is a long-standing challenge to understand how changes in food resources impact consumer life history traits and, in turn, impact how organisms interact with their environment. To characterize food quality effects on life history, most studies follow organisms throughout their life cycle and quantify major life events, such as age at maturity or fecundity. From these studies, we know that food quality generally impacts body size, juvenile development, and life span. Importantly, throughout juvenile development, many organisms develop through several stages of growth that can have different interactions with their environment. For example, some parasitoids typically attack larger instars, whereas larval insect predators typically attack smaller instars. Interestingly, most studies lump all juvenile stages together, which ignores these ecological changes over juvenile development.We combine a cross-sectional experimental approach with a stage-structured population model to estimate instar-specific vital rates in the bean weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus across a food quality gradient. We characterize food quality effects on the bean weevil's life history traits throughout its juvenile ontogeny to test how food quality impacts instar-specific vital rates.Vital rates differed across food quality treatments within each instar; however, their effect differed with instar. Weevils consuming low-quality food spent 38%, 37%, and 18% more time, and were 34%, 53%, and 63% smaller than weevils consuming high-quality food in the second, third, and fourth instars, respectively. Overall, our results show that consuming poor food quality means slower growth, but that food quality effects on vital rates, growth and development are not equal across instars. Differences in life history traits over juvenile ontogeny in response to food quality may impact how organisms interact with their environment, including how susceptible they are to predation, parasitism, and their competitive ability.
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10
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Calbacho‐Rosa L, Cargnelutti F, Córdoba‐Aguilar A, Peretti AV. Consistency of females' stridulatory behaviour during inter‐sexual interactions in spiders. Ethology 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Calbacho‐Rosa
- Laboratorio de Biología Reproductiva y Evolución Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA) Córdoba Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales Departamento de Diversidad Biológica y Ecología Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Córdoba Argentina
| | - Franco Cargnelutti
- Laboratorio de Biología Reproductiva y Evolución Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA) Córdoba Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales Departamento de Diversidad Biológica y Ecología Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Córdoba Argentina
| | - Alex Córdoba‐Aguilar
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva Instituto de Ecología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México México México
| | - Alfredo V. Peretti
- Laboratorio de Biología Reproductiva y Evolución Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA) Córdoba Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales Departamento de Diversidad Biológica y Ecología Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Córdoba Argentina
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11
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Matich P, Kiszka JJ, Heithaus MR, Le Bourg B, Mourier J. Inter-individual differences in ontogenetic trophic shifts among three marine predators. Oecologia 2019; 189:621-636. [PMID: 30796523 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-019-04357-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Ontogenetic niche shifts are widespread. However, individual differences in size at birth, morphology, sex, and personalities can cause variability in behavior. As such, inherent inter-individual differences within populations may lead to context-dependent changes in behavior with animal body size, which is of concern for understanding population dynamics and optimizing ecological monitoring. Using stable carbon and nitrogen isotope values from concurrently sampled tissues, we quantified the direction and magnitude of intraspecific variation in trophic shifts among three shark species, and how these changed with body size: spurdogs (Squalus spp.) in deep-sea habitats off La Réunion, bull sharks (Carcharhinus leucas) in estuarine habitats of the Florida Everglades, and blacktip reef sharks (Carcharhinus melanopterus) in coral reef ecosystems of Moorea, French Polynesia. Intraspecific variation in trophic shifts was limited among spurdogs, and decreased with body size, while bull sharks exhibited greater individual differences in trophic shifts, but also decreased in variability through ontogeny. In contrast, blacktip reef sharks exhibited increased intraspecific variation in trophic interactions with body size. Variability in trophic interactions and ontogenetic shifts are known to be associated with changes in energetic requirements, but can vary with ecological context. Our results suggest that environmental stability may affect variability within populations, and ecosystems with greater spatial and/or temporal variability in environmental conditions, and those with more diverse food webs may facilitate greater individual differences in trophic interactions, and thus ontogenetic trophic shifts. In light of concerns over environmental disturbance, elucidating the contexts that promote or dampen phenotypic variability is invaluable for predicting population- and community-level responses to environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Matich
- Marine Sciences Program, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st, North Miami, FL, 33181, USA. .,Texas Research Institute for Environmental Studies, Sam Houston State University, 2424 Sam Houston Avenue, Huntsville, TX, 77341, USA.
| | - Jeremy J Kiszka
- Marine Sciences Program, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st, North Miami, FL, 33181, USA
| | - Michael R Heithaus
- Marine Sciences Program, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st, North Miami, FL, 33181, USA
| | - Baptiste Le Bourg
- LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS-Université de la Rochelle, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000, La Rochelle, France.,Laboratory of Oceanology, MARE Centre, Université de Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Johann Mourier
- PSL Research University: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, 66860, Perpignan, France.,Laboratoire d'excellence 'CORAIL', EPHE, PSL Research University, UPVD, CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, Papetoai, Moorea, French Polynesia.,UMR MARBEC (IRD, Ifremer, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS), 34203, Sète, France
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12
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Barn Swallow Nest Predation by a Recent Urban Invader, the Taiwan Whistling Thrush - Implications for the Evolution of Urban Avian Communities. Zool Stud 2019; 58:e1. [PMID: 31966302 DOI: 10.6620/zs.2019.58-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Urban areas become a new habitat for an increasing number of species as they gradually adapt to the expanding, human-associated environment. The barn swallow (Hirundo rustica) has constructed nests on human buildings that provide good protection against bad weather and predators over centuries. In contrast, the Taiwan whistling thrush (Myophonus insularis) is one of new urban-invading species. The interactions between old and new urban avian species can determine the structure of this growing avian community. Here we report the first case of Taiwan whistling thrushes' predation on other birds in an urban area. Taiwan whistling thrushes were observed to eat all barn swallows' chicks and eggs on one street within one week and thus dramatically reduced their reproductive success, even severer than did a typhoon. The newly evolving predation behavior of Taiwan whistling thrushes could threaten the survival of barn swallows. If the latter cannot conquer the new challenge, the nesting ground may become an ecological trap to them driving population extirpation. This reported case implies that urbanization could intensify the interactions, such as predation or competition, between old and new urban species, leading to their population decline or growth and thus community dynamics of urban wildlife.
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13
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Domínguez A, Jiménez JJ, Ortíz CE, Bedano JC. Soil macrofauna diversity as a key element for building sustainable agriculture in Argentine Pampas. ACTA OECOLOGICA 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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14
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Melián CJ, Matthews B, de Andreazzi CS, Rodríguez JP, Harmon LJ, Fortuna MA. Deciphering the Interdependence between Ecological and Evolutionary Networks. Trends Ecol Evol 2018; 33:504-512. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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15
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Jiang L, Shi C, Ye M, Xi F, Cao Y, Wang L, Zhang M, Sang M, Wu R. A computational‐experimental framework for mapping plant coexistence. Methods Ecol Evol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.12981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Libo Jiang
- Center for Computational BiologyCollege of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry University Beijing China
| | - Chaozhong Shi
- Center for Computational BiologyCollege of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry University Beijing China
| | - Meixia Ye
- Center for Computational BiologyCollege of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry University Beijing China
| | - Feifei Xi
- Center for Computational BiologyCollege of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry University Beijing China
| | - Yige Cao
- Center for Computational BiologyCollege of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry University Beijing China
| | - Lina Wang
- Center for Computational BiologyCollege of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry University Beijing China
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- Center for Computational BiologyCollege of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry University Beijing China
| | - Mengmeng Sang
- Center for Computational BiologyCollege of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry University Beijing China
| | - Rongling Wu
- Center for Computational BiologyCollege of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry University Beijing China
- Center for Statistical GeneticsPennsylvania State University Hershey PA USA
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16
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Moran NP, Mossop KD, Thompson RM, Chapple DG, Wong BBM. Rapid divergence of animal personality and syndrome structure across an arid-aquatic habitat matrix. Oecologia 2017; 185:55-67. [PMID: 28779225 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-017-3924-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Intraspecific trait variation, including animal personalities and behavioural syndromes, affects how individual animals and populations interact with their environment. Within-species behavioural variation is widespread across animal taxa, which has substantial and unexplored implications for the ecological and evolutionary processes of animals. Accordingly, we sought to investigate individual behavioural characteristics in several populations of a desert-dwelling fish, the Australian desert goby (Chlamydogobius eremius). We reared first generation offspring in a common garden to compare non-ontogenic divergence in behavioural phenotypes between genetically interconnected populations from contrasting habitats (isolated groundwater springs versus hydrologically variable river waterholes). Despite the genetic connectedness of populations, fish had divergent bold-exploratory traits associated with their source habitat. This demonstrates divergence in risk-taking traits as a rapid phenotypic response to ecological pressures in arid aquatic habitats: neophilia may be suppressed by increased predation pressure and elevated by high intraspecific competition. Correlations between personality traits also differed between spring and river fish. River populations showed correlations between dispersal and novel environment behaviours, revealing an adaptive behavioural syndrome (related to dispersal and exploration) that was not found in spring populations. This illustrates the adaptive significance of heritable behavioural variation within and between populations, and their importance to animals persisting across contrasting habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P Moran
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
| | - Krystina D Mossop
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Ross M Thompson
- Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia
| | - David G Chapple
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Bob B M Wong
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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17
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Moran NP, Wong BBM, Thompson RM. Weaving animal temperament into food webs: implications for biodiversity. OIKOS 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.03642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P. Moran
- School of Biological Science; Wellington Rd Clayton, Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - Bob B. M. Wong
- School of Biological Science; Wellington Rd Clayton, Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - Ross M. Thompson
- Thompson, Inst. for Applied Ecology, Univ. of Canberra; Bruce, ACT Australia
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18
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Sullam KE, Matthews B, Aebischer T, Seehausen O, Bürgmann H. The effect of top-predator presence and phenotype on aquatic microbial communities. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:1572-1582. [PMID: 28261466 PMCID: PMC5330871 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of predators can impact a variety of organisms within the ecosystem, including microorganisms. Because the effects of fish predators and their phenotypic differences on microbial communities have not received much attention, we tested how the presence/absence, genotype, and plasticity of the predatory three‐spine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) influence aquatic microbes in outdoor mesocosms. We reared lake and stream stickleback genotypes on contrasting food resources to adulthood, and then added them to aquatic mesocosm ecosystems to assess their impact on the planktonic bacterial community. We also investigated whether the effects of fish persisted following the removal of adults, and the subsequent addition of a homogenous juvenile fish population. The presence of adult stickleback increased the number of bacterial OTUs and altered the size structure of the microbial community, whereas their phenotype affected bacterial community composition. Some of these effects were detectable after adult fish were removed from the mesocosms, and after juvenile fish were placed in the tanks, most of these effects disappeared. Our results suggest that fish can have strong short‐term effects on microbial communities that are partially mediated by phenotypic variation of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen E Sullam
- Department of Surface Waters-Research and Management Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry Eawag Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology Kastanienbaum Switzerland; Zoological Institute University of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Blake Matthews
- Eawag Aquatic Ecology Department Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry Kastanienbaum Switzerland
| | - Thierry Aebischer
- Eawag Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry Kastanienbaum Switzerland; Aquatic Ecology and Evolution Institute of Ecology & Evolution University of Bern Bern Switzerland; Department of Biology University of Fribourg Fribourg Switzerland
| | - Ole Seehausen
- Eawag Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry Kastanienbaum Switzerland; Aquatic Ecology and Evolution Institute of Ecology & Evolution University of Bern Bern Switzerland
| | - Helmut Bürgmann
- Department of Surface Waters-Research and Management Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry Eawag Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology Kastanienbaum Switzerland
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19
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Prondvai E. Medullary bone in fossils: function, evolution and significance in growth curve reconstructions of extinct vertebrates. J Evol Biol 2016; 30:440-460. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Prondvai
- Evolutionary Morphology of Vertebrates; Ghent University; Gent Belgium
- MTA - ELTE Lendület Dinosaur Research Group; Eötvös Loránd University; Budapest Hungary
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20
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21
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Lau MK, Keith AR, Borrett SR, Shuster SM, Whitham TG. Genotypic variation in foundation species generates network structure that may drive community dynamics and evolution. Ecology 2016. [DOI: 10.1890/15-0600.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew K. Lau
- Department of Biological Sciences and Merriam‐Powell Center for Environmental Research Northern Arizona University Flagstaff Arizona 86011 USA
| | - Arthur R. Keith
- Department of Biological Sciences and Merriam‐Powell Center for Environmental Research Northern Arizona University Flagstaff Arizona 86011 USA
| | - Stuart R. Borrett
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology University of North Carolina Wilmington North Carolina 28403 USA
- Duke Network Analysis Center Social Science Research Institute Duke University Durham North Carolina 27708 USA
| | - Stephen M. Shuster
- Department of Biological Sciences and Merriam‐Powell Center for Environmental Research Northern Arizona University Flagstaff Arizona 86011 USA
| | - Thomas G. Whitham
- Department of Biological Sciences and Merriam‐Powell Center for Environmental Research Northern Arizona University Flagstaff Arizona 86011 USA
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22
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Genetic specificity of a plant-insect food web: Implications for linking genetic variation to network complexity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:2128-33. [PMID: 26858398 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1513633113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Theory predicts that intraspecific genetic variation can increase the complexity of an ecological network. To date, however, we are lacking empirical knowledge of the extent to which genetic variation determines the assembly of ecological networks, as well as how the gain or loss of genetic variation will affect network structure. To address this knowledge gap, we used a common garden experiment to quantify the extent to which heritable trait variation in a host plant determines the assembly of its associated insect food web (network of trophic interactions). We then used a resampling procedure to simulate the additive effects of genetic variation on overall food-web complexity. We found that trait variation among host-plant genotypes was associated with resistance to insect herbivores, which indirectly affected interactions between herbivores and their insect parasitoids. Direct and indirect genetic effects resulted in distinct compositions of trophic interactions associated with each host-plant genotype. Moreover, our simulations suggest that food-web complexity would increase by 20% over the range of genetic variation in the experimental population of host plants. Taken together, our results indicate that intraspecific genetic variation can play a key role in structuring ecological networks, which may in turn affect network persistence.
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23
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Penteriani V, Delgado MDM, Pinchera F, Naves J, Fernández-Gil A, Kojola I, Härkönen S, Norberg H, Frank J, Fedriani JM, Sahlén V, Støen OG, Swenson JE, Wabakken P, Pellegrini M, Herrero S, López-Bao JV. Human behaviour can trigger large carnivore attacks in developed countries. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20552. [PMID: 26838467 PMCID: PMC4738333 DOI: 10.1038/srep20552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The media and scientific literature are increasingly reporting an escalation of large carnivore attacks on humans in North America and Europe. Although rare compared to human fatalities by other wildlife, the media often overplay large carnivore attacks on humans, causing increased fear and negative attitudes towards coexisting with and conserving these species. Although large carnivore populations are generally increasing in developed countries, increased numbers are not solely responsible for the observed rise in the number of attacks by large carnivores. Here we show that an increasing number of people are involved in outdoor activities and, when doing so, some people engage in risk-enhancing behaviour that can increase the probability of a risky encounter and a potential attack. About half of the well-documented reported attacks have involved risk-enhancing human behaviours, the most common of which is leaving children unattended. Our study provides unique insight into the causes, and as a result the prevention, of large carnivore attacks on people. Prevention and information that can encourage appropriate human behaviour when sharing the landscape with large carnivores are of paramount importance to reduce both potentially fatal human-carnivore encounters and their consequences to large carnivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Penteriani
- Department of Conservation Biology, Estación Biológica de Doñana, C.S.I.C., c/Américo Vespucio s/n, 41092 Seville, Spain.,Research Unit of Biodiversity (UMIB, UO-CSIC-PA), Oviedo University-Campus Mieres, 33600 Mieres, Spain
| | - María Del Mar Delgado
- Research Unit of Biodiversity (UMIB, UO-CSIC-PA), Oviedo University-Campus Mieres, 33600 Mieres, Spain.,Metapopulation Research Centre, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Javier Naves
- Department of Conservation Biology, Estación Biológica de Doñana, C.S.I.C., c/Américo Vespucio s/n, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Alberto Fernández-Gil
- Department of Conservation Biology, Estación Biológica de Doñana, C.S.I.C., c/Américo Vespucio s/n, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Ilpo Kojola
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, P.O. Box 16, FI-96301 Rovaniemi, Finland
| | - Sauli Härkönen
- Finnish Wildlife Agency, Sompiontie 1, FI-00730 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Harri Norberg
- Finnish Wildlife Agency, Sompiontie 1, FI-00730 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jens Frank
- Grimsö Wildlife Research Station, Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 73091 Riddarhyttan, Sweden
| | - José María Fedriani
- Department of Conservation Biology, Estación Biológica de Doñana, C.S.I.C., c/Américo Vespucio s/n, 41092 Seville, Spain.,Centre for Applied Ecology "Prof. Baeta Neves", Institute Superior of Agronomy, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Veronica Sahlén
- Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Postbox 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway.,The Norwegian Environment Agency, P.O. Box 5672 Sluppen, N-7485 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ole-Gunnar Støen
- Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Postbox 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Jon E Swenson
- Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Postbox 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway.,The Norwegian Environment Agency, P.O. Box 5672 Sluppen, N-7485 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Petter Wabakken
- Faculty of Applied Ecology and Agricultural Sciences, Hedmark University College, Evenstad, NO-2480, Koppang, Norway
| | | | - Stephen Herrero
- Faculty of Environmental Design, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2T 2Y2
| | - José Vicente López-Bao
- Research Unit of Biodiversity (UMIB, UO-CSIC-PA), Oviedo University-Campus Mieres, 33600 Mieres, Spain.,Grimsö Wildlife Research Station, Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 73091 Riddarhyttan, Sweden
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24
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Modlmeier AP, Keiser CN, Wright CM, Lichtenstein JL, Pruitt JN. Integrating animal personality into insect population and community ecology. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2015; 9:77-85. [PMID: 32846713 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite the recent surge of interest in the concept of animal personalities, that is, temporally consistent individual differences in behavior, few studies have integrated intraspecific behavioral variation in population or community ecology. Insects and other arthropods provide ideal model systems to study how intraspecific behavioral variation affects phenomena in ecology. This is due to the fact that arthropods not only are highly amenable to experimental manipulation, but they also allow us to answer general ecological questions on multiple scales of biological organization. Herein, we review recent developments and views on how the framework of animal personality could provide a deeper understanding of classic issues in (1) population ecology (e.g., local adaptation, dispersal, and invasion), (2) community ecology (e.g., food webs and ecosystem engineering), and (3) more insect-focused topics such as metamorphosis and pollination biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas P Modlmeier
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Biological Sciences, 4249 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States
| | - Carl N Keiser
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Biological Sciences, 4249 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States
| | - Colin M Wright
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Biological Sciences, 4249 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States
| | - James Ll Lichtenstein
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Biological Sciences, 4249 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States
| | - Jonathan N Pruitt
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Biological Sciences, 4249 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States.
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25
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Khater M, Murariu D, Gras R. Contemporary evolution and genetic change of prey as a response to predator removal. ECOL INFORM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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26
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Moya-Laraño J, Bilbao-Castro JR, Barrionuevo G, Ruiz-Lupión D, Casado LG, Montserrat M, Melián CJ, Magalhães S. Eco-Evolutionary Spatial Dynamics. ADV ECOL RES 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-801374-8.00003-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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27
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Rabaneda-Bueno R, Aguado S, Fernández-Montraveta C, Moya-Laraño J. Does Female Personality Determine Mate Choice Through Sexual Cannibalism? Ethology 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Rabaneda-Bueno
- Departamento de Ecología Funcional y Evolutiva; Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; Almería Spain
| | - Sara Aguado
- Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas; Universidad de Oviedo; Oviedo Spain
| | | | - Jordi Moya-Laraño
- Departamento de Ecología Funcional y Evolutiva; Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; Almería Spain
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28
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DeAngelis DL. Intraspecific trait variation and its effects on food chains. Math Biosci 2013; 244:91-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2013.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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29
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Hughes AD, Brunner L, Cook EJ, Kelly MS, Wilson B. Echinoderms display morphological and behavioural phenotypic plasticity in response to their trophic environment. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41243. [PMID: 22870211 PMCID: PMC3409862 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The trophic interactions of sea urchins are known to be the agents of phase shifts in benthic marine habitats such as tropical and temperate reefs. In temperate reefs, the grazing activity of sea urchins has been responsible for the destruction of kelp forests and the formation of 'urchin barrens', a rocky habitat dominated by crustose algae and encrusting invertebrates. Once formed, these urchin barrens can persist for decades. Trophic plasticity in the sea urchin may contribute to the stability and resilience of this alternate stable state by increasing diet breadth in sea urchins. This plasticity promotes ecological connectivity and weakens species interactions and so increases ecosystem stability. We test the hypothesis that sea urchins exhibit trophic plasticity using an approach that controls for other typically confounding environmental and genetic factors. To do this, we exposed a genetically homogenous population of sea urchins to two very different trophic environments over a period of two years. The sea urchins exhibited a wide degree of phenotypic trophic plasticity when exposed to contrasting trophic environments. The two populations developed differences in their gross morphology and the test microstructure. In addition, when challenged with unfamiliar prey, the response of each group was different. We show that sea urchins exhibit significant morphological and behavioural phenotypic plasticity independent of their environment or their nutritional status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam D Hughes
- Department of Ecology, Scottish Association for Marine Science, Oban, Argyll, Scotland.
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30
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Wolf M, Weissing FJ. Animal personalities: consequences for ecology and evolution. Trends Ecol Evol 2012; 27:452-61. [PMID: 22727728 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2012.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 717] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Revised: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Personality differences are a widespread phenomenon throughout the animal kingdom. Past research has focused on the characterization of such differences and a quest for their proximate and ultimate causation. However, the consequences of these differences for ecology and evolution received much less attention. Here, we strive to fill this gap by providing a comprehensive inventory of the potential implications of personality differences, ranging from population growth and persistence to species interactions and community dynamics, and covering issues such as social evolution, the speed of evolution, evolvability, and speciation. The emerging picture strongly suggests that personality differences matter for ecological and evolutionary processes (and their interaction) and, thus, should be considered a key dimension of ecologically and evolutionarily relevant intraspecific variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Wolf
- Department of Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Mueggelseedamm 310, 12587 Berlin, Germany
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31
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Mulder C, Helder J, Vervoort MTW, Arie Vonk J. Trait-mediated diversification in nematode predator-prey systems. Ecol Evol 2012; 1:386-91. [PMID: 22393508 PMCID: PMC3287312 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Revised: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Nematodes are presumably the most numerous Metazoans in terrestrial habitats. They are represented at all trophic levels and are known to respond to nutrient limitation, prey availability, and microbial resources. Predatory nematodes reside at the highest trophic level, and as such their feeding habits could have a major impact on soil food web functioning. Here, we investigate the effects of gender and developmental stage on the nematode body sizes in coarse and loamy soils. Besides Neodiplogasteridae, our predators are much larger than other soil-dwelling nematodes from their early developmental stage onwards. From juvenile to adult, the predatory Aporcelaimellus (Kruskal–Wallis P < 0.001), Dorylaimoides, and Tripyla (both P < 0.01) show great length increases during their developmental growth, in contrast to their possible prey (almost all P < 0.001). Less than 4% of the prey exceeds the length of the predatory adults, but more than 30% of the prey exceeds the length of the predatory juveniles. Potential body size ratios and some physical problems experienced by small fluid feeders attacking large prey are discussed in an attempt to summarize different prey-searching mechanisms and aggregative predatory responses in the soil system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Mulder
- National Institute for Public Health and Environment (RIVM)Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes Helder
- Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University (WUR)Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - J Arie Vonk
- National Institute for Public Health and Environment (RIVM)Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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32
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Nyqvist MJ, Gozlan RE, Cucherousset J, Britton JR. Behavioural syndrome in a solitary predator is independent of body size and growth rate. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31619. [PMID: 22363687 PMCID: PMC3282768 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Models explaining behavioural syndromes often focus on state-dependency, linking behavioural variation to individual differences in other phenotypic features. Empirical studies are, however, rare. Here, we tested for a size and growth-dependent stable behavioural syndrome in the juvenile-stages of a solitary apex predator (pike, Esox lucius), shown as repeatable foraging behaviour across risk. Pike swimming activity, latency to prey attack, number of successful and unsuccessful prey attacks was measured during the presence/absence of visual contact with a competitor or predator. Foraging behaviour across risks was considered an appropriate indicator of boldness in this solitary predator where a trade-off between foraging behaviour and threat avoidance has been reported. Support was found for a behavioural syndrome, where the rank order differences in the foraging behaviour between individuals were maintained across time and risk situation. However, individual behaviour was independent of body size and growth in conditions of high food availability, showing no evidence to support the state-dependent personality hypothesis. The importance of a combination of spatial and temporal environmental variation for generating growth differences is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina J Nyqvist
- Centre for Conservation Ecology & Environmental Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, Bournemouth University, Poole, United Kingdom.
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33
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Moya-Laraño J. O matrices and eco-evolutionary dynamics. Trends Ecol Evol 2012; 27:139-40; author reply 140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2011.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2011] [Revised: 11/25/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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34
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Moya-Laraño J, Verdeny-Vilalta O, Rowntree J, Melguizo-Ruiz N, Montserrat M, Laiolo P. Climate Change and Eco-Evolutionary Dynamics in Food Webs. ADV ECOL RES 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-398315-2.00001-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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35
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Rowntree JK, Shuker DM, Preziosi RF. Forward from the crossroads of ecology and evolution. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2011; 366:1322-8. [PMID: 21444306 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2010.0357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Community genetics is a synthesis of community ecology and evolutionary biology. It examines how genetic variation within a species affects interactions among species to change ecological community structure and diversity. The use of community genetics approaches has greatly expanded in recent years and the evidence for ecological effects of genetic diversity is growing. The goal of current community genetics research is to determine the circumstances in which, and the mechanisms by which community genetic effects occur and is the focus of the papers in this special issue. We bring a new group of researchers into the community genetics fold. Using a mixture of empirical research, literature reviews and theoretical development, we introduce novel concepts and methods that we hope will enable us to develop community genetics into the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K Rowntree
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
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36
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Hersch-Green EI, Turley NE, Johnson MTJ. Community genetics: what have we accomplished and where should we be going? Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2011; 366:1453-60. [PMID: 21444318 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2010.0331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Research in community genetics seeks to understand how the dynamic interplay between ecology and evolution shapes simple and complex communities and ecosystems. A community genetics perspective, however, may not be necessary or informative for all studies and systems. To better understand when and how intraspecific genetic variation and microevolution are important in community and ecosystem ecology, we suggest future research should focus on three areas: (i) determining the relative importance of intraspecific genetic variation compared with other ecological factors in mediating community and ecosystem properties; (ii) understanding the importance of microevolution in shaping ecological dynamics in multi-trophic communities; and (iii) deciphering the phenotypic and associated genetic mechanisms that drive community and ecosystem processes. Here, we identify key areas of research that will increase our understanding of the ecology and evolution of complex communities but that are currently missing in community genetics. We then suggest experiments designed to meet these current gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika I Hersch-Green
- Department of Plant Biology, North Carolina State University, PO Box 7612, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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