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Sunde J, Larsson P, Forsman A. Adaptations of early development to local spawning temperature in anadromous populations of pike (Esox lucius). BMC Evol Biol 2019; 19:148. [PMID: 31331267 PMCID: PMC6647320 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-019-1475-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the wake of climate change many environments will be exposed to increased and more variable temperatures. Knowledge about how species and populations respond to altered temperature regimes is therefore important to improve projections of how ecosystems will be affected by global warming, and to aid management. We conducted a common garden, split-brood temperature gradient (4.5 °C, 9.7 °C and 12.3 °C) experiment to study the effects of temperature in two populations (10 families from each population) of anadromous pike (Esox lucius) that normally experience different temperatures during spawning. Four offspring performance measures (hatching success, day degrees until hatching, fry survival, and fry body length) were compared between populations and among families. RESULTS Temperature affected all performance measures in a population-specific manner. Low temperature had a positive effect on the Harfjärden population and a negative effect on the Lervik population. Further, the effects of temperature differed among families within populations. CONCLUSIONS The population-specific responses to temperature indicate genetic differentiation in developmental plasticity between populations, and may reflect an adaptation to low temperature during early fry development in Harfjärden, where the stream leading up to the wetland dries out relatively early in the spring, forcing individuals to spawn early. The family-specific responses to temperature treatment indicate presence of genetic variation for developmental plasticity (G x E) within both populations. Protecting between- and within-population genetic variation for developmental plasticity and high temperature-related adaptive potential of early life history traits will be key to long-term viability and persistence in the face of continued climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Sunde
- Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, EEMiS, Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, SE-392 31 Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Per Larsson
- Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, EEMiS, Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, SE-392 31 Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Anders Forsman
- Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, EEMiS, Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, SE-392 31 Kalmar, Sweden
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Jokela-Määttä M, Viljanen M, Nevala N, Donner K, Brönmark C. Photoreceptors and eyes of pikeperch Sander lucioperca, pike Esox lucius, perch Perca fluviatilis and roach Rutilus rutilus from a clear and a brown lake. J Fish Biol 2019; 95:200-213. [PMID: 30047140 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The photoreceptors and eyes of four fish species commonly cohabiting Fennoscandian lakes with different light transmission properties were compared: pikeperch Sander lucioperca, pike Esox lucius, perch Perca fluviatilis and roach Rutilus rutilus. Each species was represented by individuals from a clear (greenish) and a humic (dark brown) lake in southern Finland: Lake Vesijärvi (LV; peak transmission around 570 nm) and Lake Tuusulanjärvi (LT; peak transmission around 630 nm). In the autumn, all species had almost purely A2-based visual pigments. Rod absorption spectra peaked at c.526 nm (S. lucioperca), c. 533 nm (E. lucius) and c. 540 nm (P. fluviatilis and R. rutilus), with no differences between the lakes. Esox lucius rods had remarkably long outer segments, 1.5-2.8-fold longer than those of the other species. All species possessed middle-wavelength-sensitive (MWS) and long-wavelength-sensitive (LWS) cone pigments in single, twin or double cones. Rutilus rutilus also had two types of short-wavelength sensitive (SWS) cones: UV-sensitive [SWS1] and blue-sensitive (SWS2) cones, although in the samples from LT no UV cones were found. No other within-species differences in photoreceptor cell complements, absorption spectra or morphologies were found between the lakes. However, E. lucius eyes had a significantly lower focal ratio in LT compared with LV, enhancing sensitivity at the expense of acuity in the dark-brown lake. Comparing species, S. lucioperca was estimated to have the highest visual sensitivity, at least two times higher than similar-sized E. lucius, thanks to the large relative size of the eye (pupil) and the presence of a reflecting tapetum behind the retina. High absolute sensitivity will give a competitive edge also in terms of short reaction times and long visual range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirka Jokela-Määttä
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Biology, Aquatic Ecology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Martta Viljanen
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Noora Nevala
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Kristian Donner
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Christer Brönmark
- Department of Biology, Aquatic Ecology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Bondarenko V, Blecha M, Policar T. Changes of sperm morphology, volume, density, and motility parameters in northern pike during the spawning period. Fish Physiol Biochem 2018; 44:1591-1597. [PMID: 30515654 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-018-0546-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sexually mature males (BW = 1600 ± 150 g and TL = 235 ± 30 mm) of northern pike (Esox lucius L.) were randomly selected from a pond to record changes in their sperm quality parameters (spermatozoa morphology, sperm volume, density, and motility parameters) during the spawning season. The morphological and motility parameters changed significantly during the reproductive season with following trends. Only, head width was not changed during the spawning season. The longest spermatozoa and its flagellar length were found at the middle of spawning period (TL = 38.24 ± 0.37 μm and 35.14 ± 0.26 μm) and shortest at the beginning of spawning period (TL = 34.81 ± 0.29 μm and 32.53 ± 0.18 μm). Other morphological characters were always the lowest at the beginning of spawning period. Sperm volume was changed from 0.33 ± 0.3 ml in February, 0.43 ± 0.2 ml in March to 0.24 ± 0.1 ml in April, and density from 16.2 ± 0.2 × 109 spermatozoa ml-1 in February, 19.4 ± 0.2 × 109 spermatozoa ml-1 in March to 4.8 ± 0.2 × 109 spermatozoa ml-1 in April. Same sperm velocity was observed in all spawning terms at 10 and 20 s after activation. Higher velocity was found at 30 and 40 s after activation in sperm collected at the middle and the end of spawning period. Significantly, higher percentage of motile sperm was observed at 20, 30, and 40 s after activation in sperm sampled at the end of spawning period. This study supports the hypothesis that longer spermatozoa swim faster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volodymyr Bondarenko
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic.
| | - Miroslav Blecha
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Policar
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic
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Decru E, Vreven E, De Gelas K, Verheyen E, Snoeks J. Species richness in the African pike genus Hepsetus: a perfect match between genetics and morphology. J Fish Biol 2017; 91:617-627. [PMID: 28776702 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, morphological differences were found that corroborate earlier results that showed the existence of six species within the previously monospecific African pike genus Hepsetus. Additional genetic data (coI, mtDNA and rag1, nDNA) confirm the morphology-based species delineations. Deep genetic divergences imply a relatively old age for diversification within the genus. An identification key for the six species is provided in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Decru
- Royal Museum for Central Africa, Section Vertebrates, Ichthyology, Leuvensesteenweg 13, B-3080 Tervuren, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - E Vreven
- Royal Museum for Central Africa, Section Vertebrates, Ichthyology, Leuvensesteenweg 13, B-3080 Tervuren, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - K De Gelas
- Royal Belgian Institute for Natural Sciences, OD Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Vautierstraat 29, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - E Verheyen
- Royal Belgian Institute for Natural Sciences, OD Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Vautierstraat 29, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Biology, Evolutionary Ecology Group, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - J Snoeks
- Royal Museum for Central Africa, Section Vertebrates, Ichthyology, Leuvensesteenweg 13, B-3080 Tervuren, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Gerdeaux D, Dufour E. Inferring occurrence of growth checks in pike (Esox lucius) scales by using sequential isotopic analysis of otoliths. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2012; 26:785-792. [PMID: 22368058 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Sequential analysis of otolith oxygen isotope (δ(18) O(oto) ) values was performed by classical mechanical microdrilling and dual inlet mass spectrometry to infer the timing of growth checks in pike (Esox lucius) scales from Lake Annecy (France). It indicated that the first check on scales occurs before the first winter of life of the fish. METHODS Eleven fish caught in February and June 2008 were studied. Intra-individual isotopic profiles exhibit cyclic variations that are consistent with that of modeled δ(18) O(oto) values using variations in epilimnion temperature and otolith-specific isotope fractionation equations. The positions of growth checks on scales were compared with the periodic variations of δ(18) O(oto) values on otolith radii using an allometric relationship. RESULTS All individuals presented at least one check deposited before the first winter. Deposition of some checks might be linked to a shift in fish diet or habitat or to catch-and-release induced stress. CONCLUSIONS Although coupling between sequential analysis of δ(18) O(oto) values and observation of scale growth features has been shown to be useful, there are limitations in the methodology, especially for the growth-attenuated region of otoliths associated with older ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gerdeaux
- INRA, Station d'hydrobiologie lacustre, 75 Avenue de Corzent, BP 511, 74203, Thonon-les-Bains, France.
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Nyqvist MJ, Gozlan RE, Cucherousset J, Britton JR. Behavioural syndrome in a solitary predator is independent of body size and growth rate. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31619. [PMID: 22363687 PMCID: PMC3282768 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Models explaining behavioural syndromes often focus on state-dependency, linking behavioural variation to individual differences in other phenotypic features. Empirical studies are, however, rare. Here, we tested for a size and growth-dependent stable behavioural syndrome in the juvenile-stages of a solitary apex predator (pike, Esox lucius), shown as repeatable foraging behaviour across risk. Pike swimming activity, latency to prey attack, number of successful and unsuccessful prey attacks was measured during the presence/absence of visual contact with a competitor or predator. Foraging behaviour across risks was considered an appropriate indicator of boldness in this solitary predator where a trade-off between foraging behaviour and threat avoidance has been reported. Support was found for a behavioural syndrome, where the rank order differences in the foraging behaviour between individuals were maintained across time and risk situation. However, individual behaviour was independent of body size and growth in conditions of high food availability, showing no evidence to support the state-dependent personality hypothesis. The importance of a combination of spatial and temporal environmental variation for generating growth differences is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina J Nyqvist
- Centre for Conservation Ecology & Environmental Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, Bournemouth University, Poole, United Kingdom.
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Song J, Mann DA, Cott PA, Hanna BW, Popper AN. The inner ears of Northern Canadian freshwater fishes following exposure to seismic air gun sounds. J Acoust Soc Am 2008; 124:1360-6. [PMID: 18681621 PMCID: PMC2680595 DOI: 10.1121/1.2946702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
An earlier study examined the effects of exposure to seismic air guns on the hearing of three species of fish from the Mackenzie River Delta in Northern Canada [Popper et al. (2005). "Effects of exposure to seismic airgun use on hearing of three fish species," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 117, 3958-3971]. The sound pressure levels to which the fishes were exposed were a mean received level of 205-209 dB re 1 microPa (peak) per shot and an approximate received mean SEL of 176-180 dB re 1 microPa(2) s per shot. In this report, the same animals were examined to determine whether there were effects on the sensory cells of the inner ear as a result of the seismic exposure. No damage was found to the ears of the fishes exposed to seismic sounds despite the fact that two of the species, adult northern pike and lake chub, had shown a temporary threshold shift in hearing studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiakun Song
- Department of Biology, Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program, Center for Comparative and Evolutionary Biology of Hearing, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
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Abstract
During the myotomal myogenesis in pike (Esox lucius) two phases of muscle differentiation can be distinguished. In the first phase, the somite cells-derived stock, the primary myoblasts (of mesodermal origin), fuse to form multinucleate myotubes. Participation of myotomal cells of mesodermal origin is insufficient for further muscle development. In the second stage mesenchymal cells migrate, via myosepts, into the myotome between myotubes. Immunocytochemical detection of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (marker of S phase of cell cycle) showed their mitotic activity. Transmission electron microscope analysis revealed that the differentiation of these cells depends on their position. Cells remaining in the myosepts develop into fibroblasts and produce collagen fibres, while those that have migrated into the myotomes transform into secondary myoblasts. Mesenchymal cells in the studied species are believed to participate in hypertrophy and hyperplasy of muscle fibres. Thus the muscle fibres in pike (E. lucius) are of mesodermal-mesenchymal origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kacperczyk
- Department of General Zoology, Zoological Institute, University of Wrocław, 50-335 Wrocław, Sienkiewicza 21, Poland
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Gladyshev MI, Chuprov SM, Kolmakov VI, Dubovskaya OP, Zadorin AA, Zuev IV, Ivanova EA, Kravchuk ES. A biomanipulation bypassing the trophic cascade in a small reservoir. Dokl Biol Sci 2003; 390:235-6. [PMID: 12940150 DOI: 10.1023/a:1024405500351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M I Gladyshev
- Institute of Biophysics, Siberian Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia
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