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Thapliyal S, Arendt KL, Lau AG, Chen L. Retinoic acid-gated BDNF synthesis in neuronal dendrites drives presynaptic homeostatic plasticity. eLife 2022; 11:e79863. [PMID: 36515276 PMCID: PMC9797192 DOI: 10.7554/elife.79863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeostatic synaptic plasticity is a non-Hebbian synaptic mechanism that adjusts synaptic strength to maintain network stability while achieving optimal information processing. Among the molecular mediators shown to regulate this form of plasticity, synaptic signaling through retinoic acid (RA) and its receptor, RARα, has been shown to be critically involved in the homeostatic adjustment of synaptic transmission in both hippocampus and sensory cortices. In this study, we explore the molecular mechanism through which postsynaptic RA and RARα regulates presynaptic neurotransmitter release during prolonged synaptic inactivity at mouse glutamatertic synapses. We show that RARα binds to a subset of dendritically sorted brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) mRNA splice isoforms and represses their translation. The RA-mediated translational de-repression of postsynaptic BDNF results in the retrograde activation of presynaptic tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) receptors, facilitating presynaptic homeostatic compensation through enhanced presynaptic release. Together, our study illustrates an RA-mediated retrograde synaptic signaling pathway through which postsynaptic protein synthesis during synaptic inactivity drives compensatory changes at the presynaptic site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Thapliyal
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
| | - Kristin L Arendt
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
| | - Anthony G Lau
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
| | - Lu Chen
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
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2
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Cell-type-specific neuromodulation guides synaptic credit assignment in a spiking neural network. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2111821118. [PMID: 34916291 PMCID: PMC8713766 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2111821118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptic connectivity provides the foundation for our present understanding of neuronal network function, but static connectivity cannot explain learning and memory. We propose a computational role for the diversity of cortical neuronal types and their associated cell-type–specific neuromodulators in improving the efficiency of synaptic weight adjustments for task learning in neuronal networks. Brains learn tasks via experience-driven differential adjustment of their myriad individual synaptic connections, but the mechanisms that target appropriate adjustment to particular connections remain deeply enigmatic. While Hebbian synaptic plasticity, synaptic eligibility traces, and top-down feedback signals surely contribute to solving this synaptic credit-assignment problem, alone, they appear to be insufficient. Inspired by new genetic perspectives on neuronal signaling architectures, here, we present a normative theory for synaptic learning, where we predict that neurons communicate their contribution to the learning outcome to nearby neurons via cell-type–specific local neuromodulation. Computational tests suggest that neuron-type diversity and neuron-type–specific local neuromodulation may be critical pieces of the biological credit-assignment puzzle. They also suggest algorithms for improved artificial neural network learning efficiency.
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3
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de Mendonça Filho EJ, Barth B, Bandeira DR, de Lima RMS, Arcego DM, Dalmaz C, Pokhvisneva I, Sassi RB, Hall GBC, Meaney MJ, Silveira PP. Cognitive Development and Brain Gray Matter Susceptibility to Prenatal Adversities: Moderation by the Prefrontal Cortex Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Gene Co-expression Network. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:744743. [PMID: 34899157 PMCID: PMC8652300 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.744743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Previous studies focused on the relationship between prenatal conditions and neurodevelopmental outcomes later in life, but few have explored the interplay between gene co-expression networks and prenatal adversity conditions on cognitive development trajectories and gray matter density. Methods: We analyzed the moderation effects of an expression polygenic score (ePRS) for the Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor gene network (BDNF ePRS) on the association between prenatal adversity and child cognitive development. A score based on genes co-expressed with the prefrontal cortex (PFC) BDNF was created, using the effect size of the association between the individual single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and the BDNF expression in the PFC. Cognitive development trajectories of 157 young children from the Maternal Adversity, Vulnerability and Neurodevelopment (MAVAN) cohort were assessed longitudinally in 4-time points (6, 12, 18, and 36 months) using the Bayley-II mental scales. Results: Linear mixed-effects modeling indicated that BDNF ePRS moderates the effects of prenatal adversity on cognitive growth. In children with high BDNF ePRS, higher prenatal adversity was associated with slower cognitive development in comparison with those exposed to lower prenatal adversity. Parallel-Independent Component Analysis (pICA) suggested that associations of expression-based SNPs and gray matter density significantly differed between low and high prenatal adversity groups. The brain IC included areas involved in visual association processes (Brodmann area 19 and 18), reallocation of attention, and integration of information across the supramodal cortex (Brodmann area 10). Conclusion: Cognitive development trajectories and brain gray matter seem to be influenced by the interplay of prenatal environmental conditions and the expression of an important BDNF gene network that guides the growth and plasticity of neurons and synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Euclides José de Mendonça Filho
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Barbara Barth
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Denise Ruschel Bandeira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Randriely Merscher Sobreira de Lima
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Neurociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Danusa Mar Arcego
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Carla Dalmaz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Neurociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Irina Pokhvisneva
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Geoffrey B. C. Hall
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Michael J. Meaney
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Patricia Pelufo Silveira
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
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4
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Cepeda-Prado EA, Khodaie B, Quiceno GD, Beythien S, Edelmann E, Lessmann V. Calcium-Permeable AMPA Receptors Mediate Timing-Dependent LTP Elicited by Low Repeat Coincident Pre- and Postsynaptic Activity at Schaffer Collateral-CA1 Synapses. Cereb Cortex 2021; 32:1682-1703. [PMID: 34498663 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
High-frequency stimulation induced long-term potentiation (LTP) and low-frequency stimulation induced LTD are considered as cellular models of memory formation. Interestingly, spike timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) can induce equally robust timing-dependent LTP (t-LTP) and t-LTD in response to low frequency repeats of coincident action potential (AP) firing in presynaptic and postsynaptic cells. Commonly, STDP paradigms relying on 25-100 repeats of coincident AP firing are used to elicit t-LTP or t-LTD, but the minimum number of repeats required for successful STDP is barely explored. However, systematic investigation of physiologically relevant low repeat STDP paradigms is of utmost importance to explain learning mechanisms in vivo. Here, we examined low repeat STDP at Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses by pairing one presynaptic AP with either one postsynaptic AP (1:1 t-LTP), or a burst of 4 APs (1:4 t-LTP) and found 3-6 repeats to be sufficient to elicit t-LTP. 6× 1:1 t-LTP required postsynaptic Ca2+ influx via NMDARs and L-type VGCCs and was mediated by increased presynaptic glutamate release. In contrast, 1:4 t-LTP depended on postsynaptic metabotropic GluRs and ryanodine receptor signaling and was mediated by postsynaptic insertion of AMPA receptors. Unexpectedly, both 6× t-LTP variants were strictly dependent on activation of postsynaptic Ca2+-permeable AMPARs but were differentially regulated by dopamine receptor signaling. Our data show that synaptic changes induced by only 3-6 repeats of mild STDP stimulation occurring in ≤10 s can take place on time scales observed also during single trial learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efrain A Cepeda-Prado
- Institut für Physiologie, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität (OVGU), Medizinische Fakultät, Magdeburg 39120, Germany
| | - Babak Khodaie
- Institut für Physiologie, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität (OVGU), Medizinische Fakultät, Magdeburg 39120, Germany.,OVGU International ESF-funded Graduate School ABINEP, Magdeburg 39104, Germany
| | - Gloria D Quiceno
- Institut für Physiologie, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität (OVGU), Medizinische Fakultät, Magdeburg 39120, Germany
| | - Swantje Beythien
- Institut für Physiologie, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität (OVGU), Medizinische Fakultät, Magdeburg 39120, Germany
| | - Elke Edelmann
- Institut für Physiologie, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität (OVGU), Medizinische Fakultät, Magdeburg 39120, Germany.,OVGU International ESF-funded Graduate School ABINEP, Magdeburg 39104, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg 39104, Germany
| | - Volkmar Lessmann
- Institut für Physiologie, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität (OVGU), Medizinische Fakultät, Magdeburg 39120, Germany.,OVGU International ESF-funded Graduate School ABINEP, Magdeburg 39104, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg 39104, Germany
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5
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Extracellular Metalloproteinases in the Plasticity of Excitatory and Inhibitory Synapses. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082055. [PMID: 34440823 PMCID: PMC8391609 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term synaptic plasticity is shaped by the controlled reorganization of the synaptic proteome. A key component of this process is local proteolysis performed by the family of extracellular matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). In recent years, considerable progress was achieved in identifying extracellular proteases involved in neuroplasticity phenomena and their protein substrates. Perisynaptic metalloproteinases regulate plastic changes at synapses through the processing of extracellular and membrane proteins. MMP9 was found to play a crucial role in excitatory synapses by controlling the NMDA-dependent LTP component. In addition, MMP3 regulates the L-type calcium channel-dependent form of LTP as well as the plasticity of neuronal excitability. Both MMP9 and MMP3 were implicated in memory and learning. Moreover, altered expression or mutations of different MMPs are associated with learning deficits and psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, addiction, or stress response. Contrary to excitatory drive, the investigation into the role of extracellular proteolysis in inhibitory synapses is only just beginning. Herein, we review the principal mechanisms of MMP involvement in the plasticity of excitatory transmission and the recently discovered role of proteolysis in inhibitory synapses. We discuss how different matrix metalloproteinases shape dynamics and turnover of synaptic adhesome and signal transduction pathways in neurons. Finally, we discuss future challenges in exploring synapse- and plasticity-specific functions of different metalloproteinases.
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Khamsing D, Lebrun S, Fanget I, Larochette N, Tourain C, de Sars V, Brunstein M, Oheim M, Carrel D, Darchen F, Desnos C. A role for BDNF- and NMDAR-induced lysosomal recruitment of mTORC1 in the regulation of neuronal mTORC1 activity. Mol Brain 2021; 14:112. [PMID: 34247625 PMCID: PMC8273036 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-021-00820-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory and long term potentiation require de novo protein synthesis. A key regulator of this process is mTORC1, a complex comprising the mTOR kinase. Growth factors activate mTORC1 via a pathway involving PI3-kinase, Akt, the TSC complex and the GTPase Rheb. In non-neuronal cells, translocation of mTORC1 to late endocytic compartments (LEs), where Rheb is enriched, is triggered by amino acids. However, the regulation of mTORC1 in neurons remains unclear. In mouse hippocampal neurons, we observed that BDNF and treatments activating NMDA receptors trigger a robust increase in mTORC1 activity. NMDA receptors activation induced a significant recruitment of mTOR onto lysosomes even in the absence of external amino acids, whereas mTORC1 was evenly distributed in neurons under resting conditions. NMDA receptor-induced mTOR translocation to LEs was partly dependent on the BDNF receptor TrkB, suggesting that BDNF contributes to the effect of NMDA receptors on mTORC1 translocation. In addition, the combination of Rheb overexpression and artificial mTORC1 targeting to LEs by means of a modified component of mTORC1 fused with a LE-targeting motif strongly activated mTOR. To gain spatial and temporal control over mTOR localization, we designed an optogenetic module based on light-sensitive dimerizers able to recruit mTOR on LEs. In cells expressing this optogenetic tool, mTOR was translocated to LEs upon photoactivation. In the absence of growth factor, this was not sufficient to activate mTORC1. In contrast, mTORC1 was potently activated by a combination of BDNF and photoactivation. The data demonstrate that two important triggers of synaptic plasticity, BDNF and NMDA receptors, synergistically power the two arms of the mTORC1 activation mechanism, i.e., mTORC1 translocation to LEs and Rheb activation. Moreover, they unmask a functional link between NMDA receptors and mTORC1 that could underlie the changes in the synaptic proteome associated with long-lasting changes in synaptic strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dany Khamsing
- Saints-Pères Paris Institute for the Neurosciences, Université de Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8003, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Solène Lebrun
- Saints-Pères Paris Institute for the Neurosciences, Université de Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8003, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Fanget
- Saints-Pères Paris Institute for the Neurosciences, Université de Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8003, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Nathanaël Larochette
- Saints-Pères Paris Institute for the Neurosciences, Université de Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8003, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, INSERM, B3OA, Paris, France, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, B3OA, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Christophe Tourain
- Wavefront-Engineering Microscopy Group, Sorbonne Université, INSERM S968, CNRS UMR7210, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Vincent de Sars
- Wavefront-Engineering Microscopy Group, Sorbonne Université, INSERM S968, CNRS UMR7210, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Maia Brunstein
- Saints-Pères Paris Institute for the Neurosciences, Université de Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8003, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Martin Oheim
- Saints-Pères Paris Institute for the Neurosciences, Université de Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8003, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Damien Carrel
- Saints-Pères Paris Institute for the Neurosciences, Université de Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8003, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006, Paris, France.
| | - François Darchen
- Saints-Pères Paris Institute for the Neurosciences, Université de Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8003, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006, Paris, France.,Service de Psychiatrie Infanto-Juvénile, Centre Hospitalier de Gonesse, 2 Boulevard du 19 mars 1962, 95500, Gonesse, France
| | - Claire Desnos
- Saints-Pères Paris Institute for the Neurosciences, Université de Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8003, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006, Paris, France.
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7
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Genetic polymorphisms associated with high-altitude adaptation in a Baltí population. Meta Gene 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2020.100836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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8
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Abstract
The neurotrophic factor BDNF is an important regulator for the development of brain circuits, for synaptic and neuronal network plasticity, as well as for neuroregeneration and neuroprotection. Up- and downregulations of BDNF levels in human blood and tissue are associated with, e.g., neurodegenerative, neurological, or even cardiovascular diseases. The changes in BDNF concentration are caused by altered dynamics in BDNF expression and release. To understand the relevance of major variations of BDNF levels, detailed knowledge regarding physiological and pathophysiological stimuli affecting intra- and extracellular BDNF concentration is important. Most work addressing the molecular and cellular regulation of BDNF expression and release have been performed in neuronal preparations. Therefore, this review will summarize the stimuli inducing release of BDNF, as well as molecular mechanisms regulating the efficacy of BDNF release, with a focus on cells originating from the brain. Further, we will discuss the current knowledge about the distinct stimuli eliciting regulated release of BDNF under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Brigadski
- Department of Informatics and Microsystem Technology, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, D-66482, Zweibrücken, Germany.
| | - Volkmar Leßmann
- Institute of Physiology, Otto-von-Guericke University, D-39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany.
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9
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Induction of BDNF Expression in Layer II/III and Layer V Neurons of the Motor Cortex Is Essential for Motor Learning. J Neurosci 2020; 40:6289-6308. [PMID: 32651187 PMCID: PMC7424868 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0288-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor learning depends on synaptic plasticity between corticostriatal projections and striatal medium spiny neurons. Retrograde tracing from the dorsolateral striatum reveals that both layer II/III and V neurons in the motor cortex express BDNF as a potential regulator of plasticity in corticostriatal projections in male and female mice. The number of these BDNF-expressing cortical neurons and levels of BDNF protein are highest in juvenile mice when adult motor patterns are shaped, while BDNF levels in the adult are low. When mice are trained by physical exercise in the adult, BDNF expression in motor cortex is reinduced, especially in layer II/III projection neurons. Reduced expression of cortical BDNF in 3-month-old mice results in impaired motor learning while space memory is preserved. These findings suggest that activity regulates BDNF expression differentially in layers II/III and V striatal afferents from motor cortex and that cortical BDNF is essential for motor learning. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Motor learning in mice depends on corticostriatal BDNF supply, and regulation of BDNF expression during motor learning is highest in corticostriatal projection neurons in cortical layer II/III.
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10
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Lin PY, Kavalali ET, Monteggia LM. Genetic Dissection of Presynaptic and Postsynaptic BDNF-TrkB Signaling in Synaptic Efficacy of CA3-CA1 Synapses. Cell Rep 2020; 24:1550-1561. [PMID: 30089265 PMCID: PMC7176480 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its high-affinity receptor, tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB), regulate long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampus, although the sites of BDNF-TrkB receptors in this process are controversial. We used a viral-mediated approach to delete BDNF or TrkB specifically in CA1 and CA3 regions of the Schaffer collateral pathway. Deletion of BDNF in CA3 or CA1 revealed that presynaptic BDNF is involved in LTP induction, while postsynaptic BDNF contributes to LTP maintenance. Similarly, loss of presynaptic or postsynaptic TrkB receptors leads to distinct LTP deficits, with presynaptic TrkB required to maintain LTP, while postsynaptic TrkB is essential for LTP formation. In addition, loss of TrkB in CA3 significantly diminishes release probability, uncovering a role for presynaptic TrkB receptors in basal neurotransmission. Taken together, this direct comparison of presynaptic and postsynaptic BDNF-TrkB reveals insight into BDNF release and TrkB activation sites in hippocampal LTP. Lin et al. directly compare a role for presynaptic and postsynaptic BDNF and TrkB receptors in hippocampal LTP. They find that LTP induction is mediated by anterograde BDNF-TrkB signaling, while both anterograde and retrograde BDNFTrkB signaling persists presynaptically and postsynaptically for LTP maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yi Lin
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9111, USA
| | - Ege T Kavalali
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9111, USA
| | - Lisa M Monteggia
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9111, USA.
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11
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Cirillo C, Brihmat N, Castel-Lacanal E, Le Friec A, Barbieux-Guillot M, Raposo N, Pariente J, Viguier A, Simonetta-Moreau M, Albucher JF, Olivot JM, Desmoulin F, Marque P, Chollet F, Loubinoux I. Post-stroke remodeling processes in animal models and humans. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2020; 40:3-22. [PMID: 31645178 PMCID: PMC6928555 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x19882788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
After cerebral ischemia, events like neural plasticity and tissue reorganization intervene in lesioned and non-lesioned areas of the brain. These processes are tightly related to functional improvement and successful rehabilitation in patients. Plastic remodeling in the brain is associated with limited spontaneous functional recovery in patients. Improvement depends on the initial deficit, size, nature and localization of the infarction, together with the sex and age of the patient, all of them affecting the favorable outcome of reorganization and repair of damaged areas. A better understanding of cerebral plasticity is pivotal to design effective therapeutic strategies. Experimental models and clinical studies have fueled the current understanding of the cellular and molecular processes responsible for plastic remodeling. In this review, we describe the known mechanisms, in patients and animal models, underlying cerebral reorganization and contributing to functional recovery after ischemic stroke. We also discuss the manipulations and therapies that can stimulate neural plasticity. We finally explore a new topic in the field of ischemic stroke pathophysiology, namely the brain-gut axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Cirillo
- Toulouse NeuroImaging Center (ToNIC), INSERM, University Paul Sabatier, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Nabila Brihmat
- Toulouse NeuroImaging Center (ToNIC), INSERM, University Paul Sabatier, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Evelyne Castel-Lacanal
- Toulouse NeuroImaging Center (ToNIC), INSERM, University Paul Sabatier, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Alice Le Friec
- Toulouse NeuroImaging Center (ToNIC), INSERM, University Paul Sabatier, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Nicolas Raposo
- Toulouse NeuroImaging Center (ToNIC), INSERM, University Paul Sabatier, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Jérémie Pariente
- Toulouse NeuroImaging Center (ToNIC), INSERM, University Paul Sabatier, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Alain Viguier
- Toulouse NeuroImaging Center (ToNIC), INSERM, University Paul Sabatier, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Marion Simonetta-Moreau
- Toulouse NeuroImaging Center (ToNIC), INSERM, University Paul Sabatier, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-François Albucher
- Toulouse NeuroImaging Center (ToNIC), INSERM, University Paul Sabatier, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Marc Olivot
- Toulouse NeuroImaging Center (ToNIC), INSERM, University Paul Sabatier, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Franck Desmoulin
- Toulouse NeuroImaging Center (ToNIC), INSERM, University Paul Sabatier, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Philippe Marque
- Toulouse NeuroImaging Center (ToNIC), INSERM, University Paul Sabatier, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - François Chollet
- Toulouse NeuroImaging Center (ToNIC), INSERM, University Paul Sabatier, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle Loubinoux
- Toulouse NeuroImaging Center (ToNIC), INSERM, University Paul Sabatier, UPS, Toulouse, France
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12
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Brzosko Z, Mierau SB, Paulsen O. Neuromodulation of Spike-Timing-Dependent Plasticity: Past, Present, and Future. Neuron 2019; 103:563-581. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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13
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Gangarossa G, Perez S, Dembitskaya Y, Prokin I, Berry H, Venance L. BDNF Controls Bidirectional Endocannabinoid Plasticity at Corticostriatal Synapses. Cereb Cortex 2019; 30:197-214. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe dorsal striatum exhibits bidirectional corticostriatal synaptic plasticity, NMDAR and endocannabinoids (eCB) mediated, necessary for the encoding of procedural learning. Therefore, characterizing factors controlling corticostriatal plasticity is of crucial importance. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor, the tropomyosine receptor kinase-B (TrkB), shape striatal functions, and their dysfunction deeply affects basal ganglia. BDNF/TrkB signaling controls NMDAR plasticity in various brain structures including the striatum. However, despite cross-talk between BDNF and eCBs, the role of BDNF in eCB plasticity remains unknown. Here, we show that BDNF/TrkB signaling promotes eCB-plasticity (LTD and LTP) induced by rate-based (low-frequency stimulation) or spike-timing–based (spike-timing–dependent plasticity, STDP) paradigm in striatum. We show that TrkB activation is required for the expression and the scaling of both eCB-LTD and eCB-LTP. Using 2-photon imaging of dendritic spines combined with patch-clamp recordings, we show that TrkB activation prolongs intracellular calcium transients, thus increasing eCB synthesis and release. We provide a mathematical model for the dynamics of the signaling pathways involved in corticostriatal plasticity. Finally, we show that TrkB activation enlarges the domain of expression of eCB-STDP. Our results reveal a novel role for BDNF/TrkB signaling in governing eCB-plasticity expression in striatum and thus the engram of procedural learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Gangarossa
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, College de France, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche (INSERM), Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) Research University, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Perez
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, College de France, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche (INSERM), Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) Research University, Paris, France
| | - Yulia Dembitskaya
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, College de France, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche (INSERM), Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) Research University, Paris, France
| | - Ilya Prokin
- INRIA, Villeurbanne, France
- University of Lyon, LIRIS UMR, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Hugues Berry
- INRIA, Villeurbanne, France
- University of Lyon, LIRIS UMR, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Laurent Venance
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, College de France, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche (INSERM), Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) Research University, Paris, France
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Long-term population spike-timing-dependent plasticity promotes synaptic tagging but not cross-tagging in rat hippocampal area CA1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:5737-5746. [PMID: 30819889 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1817643116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP), the direction and degree of synaptic modification are determined by the coherence of pre- and postsynaptic activities within a neuron. However, in the adult rat hippocampus, it remains unclear whether STDP-like mechanisms in a neuronal population induce synaptic potentiation of a long duration. Thus, we asked whether the magnitude and maintenance of synaptic plasticity in a population of CA1 neurons differ as a function of the temporal order and interval between pre- and postsynaptic activities. Modulation of the relative timing of Schaffer collateral fibers (presynaptic component) and CA1 axons (postsynaptic component) stimulations resulted in an asymmetric population STDP (pSTDP). The resulting potentiation in response to 20 pairings at 1 Hz was largest in magnitude and most persistent (4 h) when presynaptic activity coincided with or preceded postsynaptic activity. Interestingly, when postsynaptic activation preceded presynaptic stimulation by 20 ms, an immediate increase in field excitatory postsynaptic potentials was observed, but it eventually transformed into a synaptic depression. Furthermore, pSTDP engaged in selective forms of late-associative activity: It facilitated the maintenance of tetanization-induced early long-term potentiation (LTP) in neighboring synapses but not early long-term depression, reflecting possible mechanistic differences with classical tetanization-induced LTP. The data demonstrate that a pairing of pre- and postsynaptic activities in a neuronal population can greatly reduce the required number of synaptic plasticity-evoking events and induce a potentiation of a degree and duration similar to that with repeated tetanization. Thus, pSTDP determines synaptic efficacy in the hippocampal CA3-CA1 circuit and could bias the CA1 neuronal population toward potentiation in future events.
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15
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Brem AK, Sensi SL. Towards Combinatorial Approaches for Preserving Cognitive Fitness in Aging. Trends Neurosci 2018; 41:885-897. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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16
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Yu C, Li CH, Chen S, Yoo H, Qin X, Park H. Decreased BDNF Release in Cortical Neurons of a Knock-in Mouse Model of Huntington's Disease. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16976. [PMID: 30451892 PMCID: PMC6242964 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34883-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington’s disease (HD) is a dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disease caused by an increase in CAG repeats in the Huntingtin gene (HTT). The striatum is one of the most vulnerable brain regions in HD, and altered delivery of BDNF to the striatum is believed to underlie this high vulnerability. However, the delivery of BDNF to the striatum in HD remains poorly understood. Here, we used real-time imaging to visualize release of BDNF from cortical neurons cultured alone or co-cultured with striatal neurons. BDNF release was significantly decreased in the cortical neurons of zQ175 mice (a knock-in model of HD), and total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy revealed several release patterns of single BDNF-containing vesicles, with distinct kinetics and prevalence, in co-cultured cortical HD neurons. Notably, a smaller proportion of single BDNF-containing vesicles underwent full release in HD neurons than in wild-type neurons. This decreased release of BDNF in cortical neurons might lead to decreased BDNF levels in the striatum because the striatum receives BDNF mainly from the cortex. In addition, we observed a decrease in the total travel length and speed of BDNF-containing vesicles in HD neurons, indicating altered transport of these vesicles in HD. Our findings suggest a potential mechanism for the vulnerability of striatal neurons in HD and offer new insights into the pathogenic mechanisms underlying the degeneration of neurons in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Yu
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun Hei Li
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sidong Chen
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hanna Yoo
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xianan Qin
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hyokeun Park
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China. .,Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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17
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Saito A, Imaizumi K. The broad spectrum of signaling pathways regulated by unfolded protein response in neuronal homeostasis. Neurochem Int 2018; 119:26-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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18
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Foncelle A, Mendes A, Jędrzejewska-Szmek J, Valtcheva S, Berry H, Blackwell KT, Venance L. Modulation of Spike-Timing Dependent Plasticity: Towards the Inclusion of a Third Factor in Computational Models. Front Comput Neurosci 2018; 12:49. [PMID: 30018546 PMCID: PMC6037788 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2018.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In spike-timing dependent plasticity (STDP) change in synaptic strength depends on the timing of pre- vs. postsynaptic spiking activity. Since STDP is in compliance with Hebb's postulate, it is considered one of the major mechanisms of memory storage and recall. STDP comprises a system of two coincidence detectors with N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) activation often posited as one of the main components. Numerous studies have unveiled a third component of this coincidence detection system, namely neuromodulation and glia activity shaping STDP. Even though dopaminergic control of STDP has most often been reported, acetylcholine, noradrenaline, nitric oxide (NO), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) or gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) also has been shown to effectively modulate STDP. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that astrocytes, via the release or uptake of glutamate, gate STDP expression. At the most fundamental level, the timing properties of STDP are expected to depend on the spatiotemporal dynamics of the underlying signaling pathways. However in most cases, due to technical limitations experiments grant only indirect access to these pathways. Computational models carefully constrained by experiments, allow for a better qualitative understanding of the molecular basis of STDP and its regulation by neuromodulators. Recently, computational models of calcium dynamics and signaling pathway molecules have started to explore STDP emergence in ex and in vivo-like conditions. These models are expected to reproduce better at least part of the complex modulation of STDP as an emergent property of the underlying molecular pathways. Elucidation of the mechanisms underlying STDP modulation and its consequences on network dynamics is of critical importance and will allow better understanding of the major mechanisms of memory storage and recall both in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Foncelle
- INRIA, Villeurbanne, France
- LIRIS UMR 5205 CNRS-INSA, University of Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Alexandre Mendes
- Dynamic and Pathophysiology of Neuronal Networks, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, INSERM U1050, CNRS UMR7241, Labex Memolife, Paris, France
- University Pierre et Marie Curie, ED 158, Paris, France
| | | | - Silvana Valtcheva
- Dynamic and Pathophysiology of Neuronal Networks, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, INSERM U1050, CNRS UMR7241, Labex Memolife, Paris, France
- University Pierre et Marie Curie, ED 158, Paris, France
| | - Hugues Berry
- INRIA, Villeurbanne, France
- LIRIS UMR 5205 CNRS-INSA, University of Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Kim T. Blackwell
- The Krasnow Institute for Advanced Studies, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
| | - Laurent Venance
- Dynamic and Pathophysiology of Neuronal Networks, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, INSERM U1050, CNRS UMR7241, Labex Memolife, Paris, France
- University Pierre et Marie Curie, ED 158, Paris, France
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19
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Park H. Cortical Axonal Secretion of BDNF in the Striatum Is Disrupted in the Mutant-huntingtin Knock-in Mouse Model of Huntington's Disease. Exp Neurobiol 2018; 27:217-225. [PMID: 30022873 PMCID: PMC6050413 DOI: 10.5607/en.2018.27.3.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Deficient BDNF signaling is known to be involved in neurodegenerative diseases such as Huntington's disease (HD). Mutant huntingtin (mhtt)-mediated disruption of either BDNF transcription or transport is thought to be a factor contributing to striatal atrophy in the HD brain. Whether and how activity-dependent BDNF secretion is affected by the mhtt remains unclear. In the present study, I provide evidence for differential effects of the mhtt on cortical BDNF secretion in the striatum during HD progression. By two-photon imaging of fluorescent BDNF sensor (BDNF-pHluorin and -EGFP) in acute striatal slices of HD knock-in model mice, I found deficient cortical BDNF secretion regardless of the HD onset, but antisense oligonucleotide (ASO)-mediated reduction of htts only rescues BDNF secretion in the early HD brain before the disease onset. Although secretion modes of individual BDNF-containing vesicle were not altered in the pre-symptomatic brain, the full-fusion and partial-fusion modes of BDNF-containing vesicles were significantly altered after the onset of HD symptoms. Thus, besides abnormal BDNF transcription and transport, our results suggest that mhtt-mediated alteration in activity-dependent BDNF secretion at corticostriatal synapses also contributes to the development of HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungju Park
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Molecular Neurobiology Lab, Department of Structure and Function of Neural Network, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41062, Korea
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20
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Cabezas-Llobet N, Vidal-Sancho L, Masana M, Fournier A, Alberch J, Vaudry D, Xifró X. Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide (PACAP) Enhances Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity and Improves Memory Performance in Huntington's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2018. [PMID: 29526016 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-0972-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Deficits in hippocampal synaptic plasticity result in cognitive impairment in Huntington's disease (HD). Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a neuropeptide that exerts neuroprotective actions, mainly through the PAC1 receptor. However, the role of PACAP in cognition is poorly understood, and no data exists in the context of Huntington's disease (HD). Here, we investigated the ability of PACAP receptor stimulation to enhance memory development in HD. First, we observed a hippocampal decline of all three PACAP receptor expressions, i.e., PAC1, VPAC1, and VPAC2, in two different HD mouse models, R6/1 and HdhQ7/Q111, from the onset of cognitive dysfunction. In hippocampal post-mortem human samples, we found a specific decrease of PAC1, without changes in VPAC1 and VPAC2 receptors. To determine whether activation of PACAP receptors could contribute to improve memory performance, we conducted daily intranasal administration of PACAP38 to R6/1 mice at the onset of cognitive impairment for seven days. We found that PACAP treatment rescued PAC1 level in R6/1 mice, promoted expression of the hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and reduced the formation of mutant huntingtin aggregates. Furthermore, PACAP administration counteracted R6/1 mice memory deficits as analyzed by the novel object recognition test and the T-maze spontaneous alternation task. Importantly, the effect of PACAP on cognitive performance was associated with an increase of VGlut-1 and PSD95 immunolabeling in hippocampus of R6/1 mice. Taken together, these results suggest that PACAP, acting through stimulation of PAC1 receptor, may have a therapeutic potential to counteract cognitive deficits induced in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Cabezas-Llobet
- New Therapeutic Targets Group, Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - L Vidal-Sancho
- New Therapeutic Targets Group, Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
- Departament de Biomedicina, Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - M Masana
- Departament de Biomedicina, Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - A Fournier
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada
- International Associate Laboratory Samuel de Champlain, 531 boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7 1B7, Canada
| | - J Alberch
- Departament de Biomedicina, Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - D Vaudry
- Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Communication and Differentiation, Neuropeptides, Neuronal Death and Cell Plasticity Team, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - X Xifró
- New Therapeutic Targets Group, Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain.
- Departament de Biomedicina, Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.
- Departament de Ciències Mèdiques, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Girona, C/ Emili Grahit 77, E-17003, Girona, Spain.
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21
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Saito A, Cai L, Matsuhisa K, Ohtake Y, Kaneko M, Kanemoto S, Asada R, Imaizumi K. Neuronal activity-dependent local activation of dendritic unfolded protein response promotes expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in cell soma. J Neurochem 2017; 144:35-49. [PMID: 28921568 PMCID: PMC5765399 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Unfolded protein response (UPR) has roles not only in resolving the accumulation of unfolded proteins owing to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, but also in regulation of cellular physiological functions. ER stress transducers providing the branches of UPR signaling are known to localize in distal dendritic ER of neurons. These reports suggest that local activation of UPR branches may produce integrated outputs for distant communication, and allow regulation of local events in highly polarized neurons. Here, we demonstrated that synaptic activity‐ and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)‐dependent local activation of UPR signaling could be associated with dendritic functions through retrograde signal propagation by using murine neuroblastoma cell line, Neuro‐2A and primary cultured hippocampal neurons derived from postnatal day 0 litter C57BL/6 mice. ER stress transducer, inositol‐requiring kinase 1 (IRE1), was activated at postsynapses in response to excitatory synaptic activation. Activated dendritic IRE1 accelerated accumulation of the downstream transcription factor, x‐box‐binding protein 1 (XBP1), in the nucleus. Interestingly, excitatory synaptic activation‐dependent up‐regulation of XBP1 directly facilitated transcriptional activation of BDNF. BDNF in turn drove its own expression via IRE1‐XBP1 pathway in a protein kinase A‐dependent manner. Exogenous treatment with BDNF promoted extension and branching of dendrites through the protein kinase A‐IRE1‐XBP1 cascade. Taken together, our findings indicate novel mechanisms for communication between soma and distal sites of polarized neurons that are coordinated by local activation of IRE1‐XBP1 signaling. Synaptic activity‐ and BDNF‐dependent distinct activation of dendritic IRE1‐XBP1 cascade drives BDNF expression in cell soma and may be involved in dendritic extension. Cover Image for this issue: doi. 10.1111/jnc.14159. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Saito
- Department of Stress Protein Processing, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Longjie Cai
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Koji Matsuhisa
- Department of Stress Protein Processing, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yosuke Ohtake
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kaneko
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Soshi Kanemoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Rie Asada
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazunori Imaizumi
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
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22
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Saito A, Cai L, Matsuhisa K, Ohtake Y, Kaneko M, Kanemoto S, Asada R, Imaizumi K. Neuronal activity-dependent local activation of dendritic unfolded protein response promotes expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in cell soma. J Neurochem 2017. [PMID: 28921568 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Unfolded protein response (UPR) has roles not only in resolving the accumulation of unfolded proteins owing to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, but also in regulation of cellular physiological functions. ER stress transducers providing the branches of UPR signaling are known to localize in distal dendritic ER of neurons. These reports suggest that local activation of UPR branches may produce integrated outputs for distant communication, and allow regulation of local events in highly polarized neurons. Here, we demonstrated that synaptic activity- and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-dependent local activation of UPR signaling could be associated with dendritic functions through retrograde signal propagation by using murine neuroblastoma cell line, Neuro-2A and primary cultured hippocampal neurons derived from postnatal day 0 litter C57BL/6 mice. ER stress transducer, inositol-requiring kinase 1 (IRE1), was activated at postsynapses in response to excitatory synaptic activation. Activated dendritic IRE1 accelerated accumulation of the downstream transcription factor, x-box-binding protein 1 (XBP1), in the nucleus. Interestingly, excitatory synaptic activation-dependent up-regulation of XBP1 directly facilitated transcriptional activation of BDNF. BDNF in turn drove its own expression via IRE1-XBP1 pathway in a protein kinase A-dependent manner. Exogenous treatment with BDNF promoted extension and branching of dendrites through the protein kinase A-IRE1-XBP1 cascade. Taken together, our findings indicate novel mechanisms for communication between soma and distal sites of polarized neurons that are coordinated by local activation of IRE1-XBP1 signaling. Synaptic activity- and BDNF-dependent distinct activation of dendritic IRE1-XBP1 cascade drives BDNF expression in cell soma and may be involved in dendritic extension. Cover Image for this issue: doi. 10.1111/jnc.14159.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Saito
- Department of Stress Protein Processing, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Longjie Cai
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Koji Matsuhisa
- Department of Stress Protein Processing, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yosuke Ohtake
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kaneko
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Soshi Kanemoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Rie Asada
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazunori Imaizumi
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
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Chen YJ, Lankford L, Kabagambe S, Saenz Z, Kumar P, Farmer D, Wang A. Effect of 2-octylcyanoacrylate on placenta derived mesenchymal stromal cells on extracellular matrix. Placenta 2017; 59:163-168. [PMID: 28465002 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2017.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Determine the effect of 2-octylcyanoacrylate on placenta derived mesenchymal stromal cells (PMSCs) seeded onto extracellular matrix (ECM) in order to assess its biocompatibility as a potential adhesive for in-vivo fetal cell delivery. METHODS PMSCs isolated from chorionic villus tissue were seeded onto ECM. A MTS proliferation assay assessed cellular metabolic activity at various time points in PMSC-ECM with direct, indirect, and no glue contact. Conditioned media collected prior to and 24 hours after glue exposure was analyzed for secretion of human brain-derived neurotrophic factor, hepatocyte growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor. RESULTS Direct and indirect contact with 2-octylcyanoacrylate results in progressively decreased cellular metabolic activity over 24 hours compared to no glue controls. Cells with direct contact are less metabolically active than cells with indirect contact. 24 hours of glue exposure resulted in suppression of growth factor secretion that is near complete with direct contact. DISCUSSION Exposure to 2-octylcyanoacrylate results in decreased metabolic activity and decreased measurable secretion of growth factors by PMSCs seeded onto ECM. Thus, the application of 2-octylcyanoacrylate glue should be limited when working with cell-engineered scaffolds as its inhibitory effects on cell growth and secretory function can limit the therapeutic potential of cell-based interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Julia Chen
- Surgical Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
| | - Lee Lankford
- Surgical Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
| | - Sandra Kabagambe
- Surgical Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
| | - Zoe Saenz
- Surgical Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
| | - Priyadarsini Kumar
- Surgical Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
| | - Diana Farmer
- Surgical Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
| | - Aijun Wang
- Surgical Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States.
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Edelmann E, Cepeda-Prado E, Leßmann V. Coexistence of Multiple Types of Synaptic Plasticity in Individual Hippocampal CA1 Pyramidal Neurons. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2017; 9:7. [PMID: 28352224 PMCID: PMC5348504 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2017.00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding learning and memory mechanisms is an important goal in neuroscience. To gain insights into the underlying cellular mechanisms for memory formation, synaptic plasticity processes are studied with various techniques in different brain regions. A valid model to scrutinize different ways to enhance or decrease synaptic transmission is recording of long-term potentiation (LTP) or long-term depression (LTD). At the single cell level, spike timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) protocols have emerged as a powerful tool to investigate synaptic plasticity with stimulation paradigms that also likely occur during memory formation in vivo. Such kind of plasticity can be induced by different STDP paradigms with multiple repeat numbers and stimulation patterns. They subsequently recruit or activate different molecular pathways and neuromodulators for induction and expression of STDP. Dopamine (DA) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) have been recently shown to be important modulators for hippocampal STDP at Schaffer collateral (SC)-CA1 synapses and are activated exclusively by distinguishable STDP paradigms. Distinct types of parallel synaptic plasticity in a given neuron depend on specific subcellular molecular prerequisites. Since the basal and apical dendrites of CA1 pyramidal neurons are known to be heterogeneous, and distance-dependent dendritic gradients for specific receptors and ion channels are described, the dendrites might provide domain specific locations for multiple types of synaptic plasticity in the same neuron. In addition to the distinct signaling and expression mechanisms of various types of LTP and LTD, activation of these different types of plasticity might depend on background brain activity states. In this article, we will discuss some ideas why multiple forms of synaptic plasticity can simultaneously and independently coexist and can contribute so effectively to increasing the efficacy of memory storage and processing capacity of the brain. We hypothesize that resolving the subcellular location of t-LTP and t-LTD mechanisms that are regulated by distinct neuromodulator systems will be essential to reach a more cohesive understanding of synaptic plasticity in memory formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Edelmann
- Institute of Physiology, Otto-von-Guericke UniversityMagdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Otto-von-Guericke UniversityMagdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Volkmar Leßmann
- Institute of Physiology, Otto-von-Guericke UniversityMagdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Otto-von-Guericke UniversityMagdeburg, Germany
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Gulyaeva NV. Interplay between brain BDNF and glutamatergic systems: A brief state of the evidence and association with the pathogenesis of depression. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2017; 82:301-307. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297917030087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor Is Associated With Disease Severity and Clinical Outcome in Ugandan Children Admitted to Hospital With Severe Malaria. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2017; 36:146-150. [PMID: 27798544 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000001382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria remains a leading cause of childhood death and neurologic disability in sub-Saharan Africa. Here, we test the hypothesis that malaria-induced alterations to circulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are associated with poor clinical outcomes in children with severe malaria. METHODS We quantified BDNF (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) in plasma samples collected [at presentation (day 1), day 3 and day 14], during a prospective study of Ugandan children admitted to hospital with severe malaria (n = 179). RESULTS BDNF concentration at presentation (day 1) was lower in children with cerebral malaria (P < 0.01), coma (P < 0.01), Lambaréné Organ Dysfunction Score >1 (P < 0.05) and respiratory distress (P < 0.01). Higher BDNF concentration at presentation was associated with shorter time to coma recovery [hazard ratio = 1.655 (1.194-2.293); P = 0.002] and a reduced odds ratio of disability [0.50 (0.27-0.94); P = 0.047] and death [0.45 (0.22-0.92); P = 0.035]. BDNF concentration was lower on day 1 and increased in children surviving severe malaria (day 14; P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide the new evidence linking circulating BDNF with disease severity, coma recovery and clinical outcome in children with severe malaria.
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Snow WM, Albensi BC. Neuronal Gene Targets of NF-κB and Their Dysregulation in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2016; 9:118. [PMID: 27881951 PMCID: PMC5101203 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2016.00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although, better known for its role in inflammation, the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) has more recently been implicated in synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory. This has been, in part, to the discovery of its localization not just in glia, cells that are integral to mediating the inflammatory process in the brain, but also neurons. Several effectors of neuronal NF-κB have been identified, including calcium, inflammatory cytokines (i.e., tumor necrosis factor alpha), and the induction of experimental paradigms thought to reflect learning and memory at the cellular level (i.e., long-term potentiation). NF-κB is also activated after learning and memory formation in vivo. In turn, activation of NF-κB can elicit either suppression or activation of other genes. Studies are only beginning to elucidate the multitude of neuronal gene targets of NF-κB in the normal brain, but research to date has confirmed targets involved in a wide array of cellular processes, including cell signaling and growth, neurotransmission, redox signaling, and gene regulation. Further, several lines of research confirm dysregulation of NF-κB in Alzheimer's disease (AD), a disorder characterized clinically by a profound deficit in the ability to form new memories. AD-related neuropathology includes the characteristic amyloid beta plaque formation and neurofibrillary tangles. Although, such neuropathological findings have been hypothesized to contribute to memory deficits in AD, research has identified perturbations at the cellular and synaptic level that occur even prior to more gross pathologies, including transcriptional dysregulation. Indeed, synaptic disturbances appear to be a significant correlate of cognitive deficits in AD. Given the more recently identified role for NF-κB in memory and synaptic transmission in the normal brain, the expansive network of gene targets of NF-κB, and its dysregulation in AD, a thorough understanding of NF-κB-related signaling in AD is warranted and may have important implications for uncovering treatments for the disease. This review aims to provide a comprehensive view of our current understanding of the gene targets of this transcription factor in neurons in the intact brain and provide an overview of studies investigating NF-κB signaling, including its downstream targets, in the AD brain as a means of uncovering the basic physiological mechanisms by which memory becomes fragile in the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanda M Snow
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital ResearchWinnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of ManitobaWinnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Benedict C Albensi
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital ResearchWinnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of ManitobaWinnipeg, MB, Canada
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Affiliation(s)
- Terje Lømo
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway;
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Activity-dependent BDNF release via endocytic pathways is regulated by synaptotagmin-6 and complexin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015. [PMID: 26216953 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1511830112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is known to modulate synapse development and plasticity, but the source of synaptic BDNF and molecular mechanisms regulating BDNF release remain unclear. Using exogenous BDNF tagged with quantum dots (BDNF-QDs), we found that endocytosed BDNF-QDs were preferentially localized to postsynaptic sites in the dendrite of cultured hippocampal neurons. Repetitive neuronal spiking induced the release of BDNF-QDs at these sites, and this process required activation of glutamate receptors. Down-regulating complexin 1/2 (Cpx1/2) expression eliminated activity-induced BDNF-QD secretion, although the overall activity-independent secretion was elevated. Among eight synaptotagmin (Syt) isoforms examined, down-regulation of only Syt6 impaired activity-induced BDNF-QD secretion. In contrast, activity-induced release of endogenously synthesized BDNF did not depend on Syt6. Thus, neuronal activity could trigger the release of endosomal BDNF from postsynaptic dendrites in a Cpx- and Syt6-dependent manner, and endosomes containing BDNF may serve as a source of BDNF for activity-dependent synaptic modulation.
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Ruyang T, Yang Z, Wei F. Gabapentin prevents oxaliplatin-induced central sensitization in the dorsal horn neurons in rats. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2015; 18:493-8. [PMID: 26124936 PMCID: PMC4475658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study aims to study the alteration of glutamatergic transmission in the dorsal horn neurons and the effect of gabapentin on oxaliplatin-induced neuropathic pain in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Oxaliplatin (5 mg/kg) or saline was administered to adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Gabapentin (60 mg/kg, IP) or vehicle was injected daily. Mechanical allodynia was assessed using a series of von Frey filaments. The expression of glutamate receptor subunits (NR2B and GluR1) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was measured in the dorsal horn. The glutamatergic strength was recorded in the spinal cord slices. RESULTS Administration of oxaliplatin induced significant hyperreactivity to mechanical stimuli in rats, which was attenuated by gabapentin. Significant increase in the expression of BDNF was found in the dorsal horn in rats receiving oxaliplatin, which was prevented by gabapentin. Further studies also observed a significant increase in the expression of GluR1 and NR2B, as well as enhanced glutamatergic transmission in the dorsal horn neurons in rats treated with oxaliplatin. The upregulation of glutamatergic transmission was significantly reversed by gabapentin. CONCLUSION These results illustrated an increased expression of BDNF and enhanced glutamatergic transmission in rats with oxaliplatin-induced neuropathic pain, which was markedly attenuated by gabapentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Ruyang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Zhao Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Feng Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266100, China,*Corresponding author: Feng Wei. Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 59 Haier Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China. Tel: +86-532-82911847;
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Edelmann E, Cepeda-Prado E, Franck M, Lichtenecker P, Brigadski T, Leßmann V. Theta Burst Firing Recruits BDNF Release and Signaling in Postsynaptic CA1 Neurons in Spike-Timing-Dependent LTP. Neuron 2015; 86:1041-1054. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2013] [Revised: 01/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Modulation of the extinction of fear learning. Brain Res Bull 2014; 105:61-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Lomo T. The Response of Denervated Muscle to Long-Term Stimulation (1985, Revisited here in 2014). Eur J Transl Myol 2014; 24:3294. [PMID: 26913126 PMCID: PMC4749002 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2014.3294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In 1985, at a meeting in Abano, I presented results showing that direct stimulation of skeletal muscles with appropriate stimulus patterns prevents the effects of denervation on non-junctional properties of muscle fibers. Hence, it appeared unnecessary to postulate that unknown nerve-derived trophic factors control such properties, as posited by the (anterograde) neurotrophic hypothesis. Here I discuss this conclusion in the light of what we know today, particularly with respect to the many lines of evidence that were then taken to support the trophic hypothesis, but which today have alternative interpretations consistent with control by evoked impulse activity. Despite much effort, no one has yet identified any nerve-derived factor consistent with the neurotrophic hypothesis. Reports favoring the existence of neurotrophic factors were numerous before 2000. Now they have essentially disappeared from the literature, including original research papers, textbooks and handbooks, suggesting that the hypothesis is no longer arguable. Thus, the results that I presented in our paper in 1985 seem to have held up rather well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terje Lomo
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo , Norway
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Bliss TVP, Collingridge GL, Morris RGM. Synaptic plasticity in health and disease: introduction and overview. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2013; 369:20130129. [PMID: 24298133 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We summarize the reviews and research papers submitted by speakers at a discussion meeting on Synaptic Plasticity in Health and Disease held at the Royal Society, London on 2-3 December 2013, and a subsequent satellite meeting convened at the Royal Society/Kavli Centre at Chicheley Hall on 4-5 December 2013. Together, these contributions give an overview of current research and controversies in a vibrant branch of neuroscience with important implications for the understanding of many forms of learning and memory, and a wide spectrum of neurological and cognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- T V P Bliss
- Division of Neurophysiology, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, , London NW7 1AA, UK
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