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Masuelli S, Real S, McMillen P, Oudin M, Levin M, Roqué M. The Yin and Yang of Breast Cancer: Ion Channels as Determinants of Left-Right Functional Differences. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11121. [PMID: 37446299 PMCID: PMC10342022 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a complex and heterogeneous disease that displays diverse molecular subtypes and clinical outcomes. Although it is known that the location of tumors can affect their biological behavior, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. In our previous study, we found a differential methylation profile and membrane potential between left (L)- and right (R)-sided breast tumors. In this current study, we aimed to identify the ion channels responsible for this phenomenon and determine any associated phenotypic features. To achieve this, experiments were conducted in mammary tumors in mice, human patient samples, and with data from public datasets. The results revealed that L-sided tumors have a more depolarized state than R-sided. We identified a 6-ion channel-gene signature (CACNA1C, CACNA2D2, CACNB2, KCNJ11, SCN3A, and SCN3B) associated with the side: L-tumors exhibit lower expression levels than R-tumors. Additionally, in silico analyses show that the signature correlates inversely with DNA methylation writers and with key biological processes involved in cancer progression, such as proliferation and stemness. The signature also correlates inversely with patient survival rates. In an in vivo mouse model, we confirmed that KI67 and CD44 markers were increased in L-sided tumors and a similar tendency for KI67 was found in patient L-tumors. Overall, this study provides new insights into the potential impact of anatomical location on breast cancer biology and highlights the need for further investigation into possible differential treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Masuelli
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, National Council of Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), Parque General San Martin, Mendoza 5500, Argentina; (S.M.)
- Faculty of Medical Science, National University of Cuyo, Parque General San Martin, Mendoza 5500, Argentina
| | - Sebastián Real
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, National Council of Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), Parque General San Martin, Mendoza 5500, Argentina; (S.M.)
- Faculty of Medical Science, National University of Cuyo, Parque General San Martin, Mendoza 5500, Argentina
| | - Patrick McMillen
- Allen Discovery Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Madeleine Oudin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Michael Levin
- Allen Discovery Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - María Roqué
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, National Council of Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), Parque General San Martin, Mendoza 5500, Argentina; (S.M.)
- Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, National University of Cuyo, Parque General San Martin, Mendoza 5500, Argentina
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Cheng AA, Li W, Hernandez LL. Investigating the effect of positional variation on mid-lactation mammary gland transcriptomics in mice fed either a low-fat or high-fat diet. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255770. [PMID: 34437559 PMCID: PMC8389404 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Little attention has been given to the effect of positional variation of gene expression in the mammary gland. However, more research is shedding light regarding the physiological differences that mammary gland location can have on the murine mammary gland. Here we examined the differentially expressed genes between mammary gland positions under either a low-fat diet (LFD) or a high-fat diet (HFD) in the mid-lactation mammary gland (lactation day 11; L11). Three-week old WT C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to either a low-fat diet (LFD) or high fat diet (HFD) (n = 3/group) and either the right thoracic mammary gland (TMG) or inguinal mammary gland (IMG) was collected from each dam for a total of 12 unique glands. Within each diet, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were first filtered by adjusted p-value (cutoff ≤ 0.05) and fold-change (FC, cutoff ≥2). Genes were further filtered by mean normalized read count with a cutoff≥10. We observed that mammary gland position had a significant impact on mammary gland gene expression with either LFD or HFD diet, with 1264 DEGs in LFD dams and 777 DEGs in HFD dams. We found that genes related to snRNP binding and translation initiation were most significantly altered between the TMG and IMG. Although we were not able to discern a molecular mechanism, many small nuclear RNAs and small nucleolar RNAs were differentially expressed between the TMG and IMG responsible for cellular functions such as splicing and ribosome biogenesis, which provides and interesting avenue for future research. Our study supports the hypothesis that collection of the mammary gland from a particular location influences mammary gland gene expression, thereby highlighting the importance for researchers to be vigilant in documenting and reporting which mammary gland they are using for their studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne A. Cheng
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, UW-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, UW-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Wenli Li
- Cell Wall Biology and Utilization Research Unit, US Dairy Forage Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Laura L. Hernandez
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, UW-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Kim JG, Kim HH, Bae SJ. Akap12beta supports asymmetric heart development via modulating the Kupffer’s vesicle formation in zebrafish. BMB Rep 2019. [PMID: 31383248 PMCID: PMC6726206 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2019.52.8.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The vertebrate body plan is accomplished by left-right asymmetric organ development and the heart is a representative asymmetric internal organ which jogs to the left-side. Kupffer’s vesicle (KV) is a spherical left-right organizer during zebrafish embryogenesis and is derived from a cluster of dorsal forerunner cells (DFCs). Cadherin1 is required for collective migration of a DFC cluster and failure of DFC collective migration by Cadherin1 decrement causes KV malformation which results in defective heart laterality. Recently, loss of function mutation of A-kinase anchoring protein 12 (AKAP12) is reported as a high-risk gene in congenital heart disease patients. In this study, we demonstrated the role of akap12β in asymmetric heart development. The akap12β, one of the akap12 isoforms, was expressed in DFCs which give rise to KV and akap12β-deficient zebrafish embryos showed defective heart laterality due to the fragmentation of DFC clusters which resulted in KV malformation. DFC-specific loss of akap12β also led to defective heart laterality as a consequence of the failure of collective migration by cadherin1 reduction. Exogenous akap12β mRNA not only restored the defective heart laterality but also increased cadherin1 expression in akap12β morphant zebrafish embryos. Taken together, these findings provide the first experimental evidence that akap12β regulates heart laterality via cadherin1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-gyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ho Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Biological and Medical Device Evaluation Team, Korea Testing & Research Institute, Gwacheon 13810, Korea
| | - Sung-Jin Bae
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Korean Medicine Research Center for Healthy Aging, Pusan National Univerity, Yangsan 50612, Korea
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Pokharel A, Kolla S, Matouskova K, Vandenberg LN. Asymmetric development of the male mouse mammary gland and its response to a prenatal or postnatal estrogen challenge. Reprod Toxicol 2018; 82:63-71. [PMID: 30315872 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The CD-1 mouse mammary gland is sexually dimorphic, with males lacking nipples. Recent studies have revealed that the underlying epithelium in the male mammary gland is sensitive to estrogenic environmental chemicals. In ongoing investigations, we observed asymmetric morphology in the left and right male mouse mammary glands. Here, we quantified these asymmetries in the embryonic, prepubertal, pubertal and adult male mammary gland. We found that the right gland was typically larger with more branching points compared to the left gland. We next evaluated the response of the left and right glands to 17α-ethinyl estradiol (EE2) after perinatal or peripubertal exposures. We found that the right gland was more responsive to EE2 than the left at both periods of exposure. These results reveal novel aspects of male mammary gland biology and suggest that future studies should control for laterality in the evaluation of hazards associated with exposures to estrogenic chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aastha Pokharel
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, United States
| | - SriDurgaDevi Kolla
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, United States
| | - Klara Matouskova
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, United States
| | - Laura N Vandenberg
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, United States.
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Levin M, Klar AJS, Ramsdell AF. Introduction to provocative questions in left-right asymmetry. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2016; 371:20150399. [PMID: 27821529 PMCID: PMC5104499 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2015.0399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Left-right asymmetry is a phenomenon that has a broad appeal-to anatomists, developmental biologists and evolutionary biologists-because it is a morphological feature of organisms that spans scales of size and levels of organization, from unicellular protists, to vertebrate organs, to social behaviour. Here, we highlight a number of important aspects of asymmetry that encompass several areas of biology-cell-level, physiological, genetic, anatomical and evolutionary components-and that are based on research conducted in diverse model systems, ranging from single cells to invertebrates to human developmental disorders. Together, the contributions in this issue reveal a heretofore-unsuspected variety in asymmetry mechanisms, including ancient chirality elements that could underlie a much more universal basis to asymmetry development, and provide much fodder for thought with far reaching implications in biomedical, developmental, evolutionary and synthetic biology. The new emerging theme of binary cell-fate choice, promoted by asymmetric cell division of a deterministic cell, has focused on investigating asymmetry mechanisms functioning at the single cell level. These include cytoskeleton and DNA chain asymmetry-mechanisms that are amplified and coordinated with those employed for the determination of the anterior-posterior and dorsal-ventral axes of the embryo.This article is part of the themed issue 'Provocative questions in left-right asymmetry'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Levin
- Biology Department, Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Amar J S Klar
- Gene Regulation and Chromosome Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Ann F Ramsdell
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine and Program in Women's and Gender Studies, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
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