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Filazzola A, Johnson MTJ, Barrett K, Hayes S, Shrestha N, Timms L, MacIvor JS. The great urban shift: Climate change is predicted to drive mass species turnover in cities. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299217. [PMID: 38536797 PMCID: PMC10971775 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Human experiences with nature are important for our culture, economy, and health. Anthropogenically-driven climate change is causing widespread shifts in biodiversity and resident urban wildlife are no exception. We modelled over 2,000 animal species to predict how climate change will impact terrestrial wildlife within 60 Canadian and American cities. We found evidence of an impending great urban shift where thousands of species will disappear across the selected cities, being replaced by new species, or not replaced at all. Effects were largely species-specific, with the most negatively impacted taxa being amphibians, canines, and loons. These predicted shifts were consistent across scenarios of greenhouse gas emissions, but our results show that the severity of change will be defined by our action or inaction to mitigate climate change. An impending massive shift in urban wildlife will impact the cultural experiences of human residents, the delivery of ecosystem services, and our relationship with nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Filazzola
- Centre for Urban Environments, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
- Apex Resource Management Solutions, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marc T. J. Johnson
- Centre for Urban Environments, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Sue Hayes
- Toronto and Region Conservation Authority, Concord, ON, Canada
| | | | - Laura Timms
- Department of Watershed Knowledge, Credit Valley Conservation, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - James Scott MacIvor
- Centre for Urban Environments, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario Canada
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2
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Taichi N, Nakahama N, Ohmido N, Ushimaru A. Habitat diversification associated with urban development has a little effect on genetic structure in the annual native plant Commelina communis in an East Asian megacity. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e10975. [PMID: 38384819 PMCID: PMC10880129 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Urban development greatly alters the natural and semi-natural habitats of native plants. Urbanisation results in a range of diverse habitats including remnant agricultural lands, urban parks, and roadside habitats. This habitat diversity often promotes trait divergence within urban areas. However, the mechanisms by which diverse urban habitats influence the population genetic structure of individual plant species remain poorly understood. We investigated the effects of urbanisation on genetic diversity and structure within 24 Commelina communis populations across diverse habitat types (rural agricultural land, urban agricultural land, urban park land, and urban roadsides) within the Kyoto-Osaka-Kobe megacity in Japan. We conducted multiplexed inter-simple sequence repeat genotyping to compare genetic diversity among populations in different habitats. We also examined the correlation between Nei's genetic distance and geographic and environmental distances and performed principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) to evaluate genetic differentiation among urban habitats. There were no significant differences in genetic diversity indices between urban and rural populations and among urban habitat types. Although we detected no isolation-by-distance structure in population pairs of the same habitat type and in those of different habitats, the difference in surrounding landscape facilitated genetic differentiation not only between urban and rural habitats but also between different urban habitats. PCoA revealed no clear genetic differentiation among rural and urban habitat populations. Our findings indicate that the establishment of diverse habitat types through urbanisation has no and little impact on genetic diversity and structure, respectively, in C. communis, likely due to its high selfing rate and ability to adapt to urban conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nakata Taichi
- Graduate School of Human Development and EnvironmentKobe UniversityKobeJapan
| | - Naoyuki Nakahama
- Institute of Natural and Environmental SciencesUniversity of HyogoSandaJapan
- Museum of Nature and Human ActivitiesHyogoJapan
| | - Nobuko Ohmido
- Graduate School of Human Development and EnvironmentKobe UniversityKobeJapan
| | - Atushi Ushimaru
- Graduate School of Human Development and EnvironmentKobe UniversityKobeJapan
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3
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Luna LW, Williams LM, Duren K, Tyl R, Toews DPL, Avery JD. Whole genome assessment of a declining game bird reveals cryptic genetic structure and insights for population management. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:5498-5513. [PMID: 37688483 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Population genomics applied to game species conservation can help delineate management units, ensure appropriate harvest levels and identify populations needing genetic rescue to safeguard their adaptive potential. The ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus) is rapidly declining in much of the eastern USA due to a combination of forest maturation and habitat fragmentation. More recently, mortality from West Nile Virus may have affected connectivity of local populations; however, genetic approaches have never explicitly investigated this issue. In this study, we sequenced 54 individual low-coverage (~5X) grouse genomes to characterize population structure, assess migration rates across the landscape to detect potential barriers to gene flow and identify genomic regions with high differentiation. We identified two genomic clusters with no clear geographic correlation, with large blocks of genomic differentiation associated with chromosomes 4 and 20, likely due to chromosomal inversions. After excluding these putative inversions from the data set, we found weak but nonsignificant signals of population subdivision. Estimated gene flow revealed reduced rates of migration in areas with extensive habitat fragmentation and increased genetic connectivity in areas with less habitat fragmentation. Our findings provide a benchmark for wildlife managers to compare and scale the genetic diversity and structure of ruffed grouse populations in Pennsylvania and across the eastern USA, and we also reveal structural variation in the grouse genome that requires further study to understand its possible effects on individual fitness and population distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilton W Luna
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lisa M Williams
- Bureau of Wildlife Management, Pennsylvania Game Commission, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kenneth Duren
- Bureau of Wildlife Management, Pennsylvania Game Commission, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Reina Tyl
- Bureau of Wildlife Management, Pennsylvania Game Commission, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David P L Toews
- Department of Biology, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Julian D Avery
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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Weeks TL, Betts MG, Pfeifer M, Wolf C, Banks-Leite C, Barbaro L, Barlow J, Cerezo A, Kennedy CM, Kormann UG, Marsh CJ, Olivier PI, Phalan BT, Possingham HP, Wood EM, Tobias JA. Climate-driven variation in dispersal ability predicts responses to forest fragmentation in birds. Nat Ecol Evol 2023; 7:1079-1091. [PMID: 37248334 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-023-02077-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Species sensitivity to forest fragmentation varies latitudinally, peaking in the tropics. A prominent explanation for this pattern is that historical landscape disturbance at higher latitudes has removed fragmentation-sensitive species or promoted the evolution of more resilient survivors. However, it is unclear whether this so-called extinction filter is the dominant driver of geographic variation in fragmentation sensitivity, particularly because climatic factors may also cause latitudinal gradients in dispersal ability, a key trait mediating sensitivity to habitat fragmentation. Here we combine field survey data with a morphological proxy for avian dispersal ability (hand-wing index) to assess responses to forest fragmentation in 1,034 bird species worldwide. We find that fragmentation sensitivity is strongly predicted by dispersal limitation and that other factors-latitude, body mass and historical disturbance events-have relatively limited explanatory power after accounting for species differences in dispersal. We also show that variation in dispersal ability is only weakly predicted by historical disturbance and more strongly associated with intra-annual temperature fluctuations (seasonality). Our results suggest that climatic factors play a dominant role in driving global variation in the impacts of forest fragmentation, emphasizing the need for more nuanced environmental policies that take into account local context and associated species traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L Weeks
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK.
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum London, London, UK.
| | - Matthew G Betts
- Forest Biodiversity Research Network, Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Marion Pfeifer
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Christopher Wolf
- Forest Biodiversity Research Network, Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | | | - Luc Barbaro
- Dynafor, University of Toulouse, INRAE, Castanet-Tolosan, France
- CESCO, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne-University, Paris, France
| | - Jos Barlow
- Lancaster Environmental Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Alexis Cerezo
- Foundation for Ecodevelopment and Conservation (FUNDAECO), Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala
| | - Christina M Kennedy
- Global Protect Oceans, Lands and Waters Program, The Nature Conservancy, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Urs G Kormann
- Swiss Ornithological Institute, Sempach, Switzerland
| | - Charles J Marsh
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, and Yale Center for Biodiversity and Global Change, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Center for Biodiversity and Global Change, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Pieter I Olivier
- M.A.P Scientific Services, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Benjamin T Phalan
- Centre for Conservation of Atlantic Forest Birds, Parque das Aves, Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil
| | - Hugh P Possingham
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Eric M Wood
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joseph A Tobias
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK
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Azevedo-Silva M, Lemos ASM, Gonçalves-Neto S, Salles LFP, Pereyra M, Christianini AV, Souza AP, Oliveira PS. Are There Edge Effects on the Genetic Diversity of the Trap-Jaw Ant Odontomachus chelifer (Formicidae: Ponerinae) in a Neotropical Savanna Fragment? A First Assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 52:279-285. [PMID: 36745143 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvad008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Habitat fragmentation is considered an important threat to biodiversity, increasing species exposure to edge effects. The Brazilian Cerrado savanna is considered a biodiversity hotspot and has been converted to small, isolated fragments due to human activities. Ant communities and colony survivorship are known to be affected by edge effects in Cerrado, but to date there is no information on the genetic diversity of ant colonies at the edge of fragmented areas. Here, we investigate if colony genetic diversity and structure of Odontomachus chelifer (Latreille) ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) are subject to edge effects in a Cerrado reserve in southeast Brazil. Using microsatellites, we evaluated the number of breeders (queens and males) and the genetic diversity in O. chelifer colonies located in the interior versus edge of a Cerrado fragment. All O. chelifer nests had multiple queens, which presented a low mating frequency. The number of breeders and most estimates of genetic diversity did not differ between colonies at the edge versus interior of the fragment. Genetic structure was not influenced by nest location as well. However, we detected a small and positive increase in the observed heterozygosity in colonies located at fragment edges. High heterozygosity is thought to be particularly important in fast-changing environments, such as edges, providing an advantage for genetic diversity. Further investigation is needed to assess in greater detail how habitat loss affects O. chelifer biology. Our study is a first step toward elucidating edge effects on genetic diversity of ant colonies, a topic still poorly explored in tropical environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Azevedo-Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandra S M Lemos
- Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Salatiel Gonçalves-Neto
- Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Luís F P Salles
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Pereyra
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, UNC-CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | - Anete P Souza
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo S Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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6
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de Souza Silva CC, Cirne D, Freitas O, Campos PRA. Phenotypic evolution as an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process: The effect of environmental variation and phenotypic plasticity. Phys Rev E 2023; 107:024417. [PMID: 36932534 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.107.024417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Here we investigate phenotypic evolution from the perspective of the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (OU) process. Evolutionarily speaking, the model assumes the existence of stabilizing selection toward a phenotypic optimum. The standard (OU) model is modified to include environmental variation by taking a moving phenotypic optimum and endowing organisms with phenotypic plasticity. These two processes lead to an effective fitness landscape, which deforms the original. We observe that the simultaneous occurrence of environmental variation and phenotypic plasticity leads to skewed phenotypic distributions. The skewness of the resulting phenotypic distributions strongly depends on the rate of environmental variation and strength of selection. When generalized to more than one trait, the phenotypic distributions are not only affected by the magnitude of the rate of environmental variation but also by its direction. A remarkable feature of our predictions is the existence of an upper bound for the critical rate of environmental variation to allow population persistence, even if there is no cost associated with phenotypic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diego Cirne
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-560 Recife-PE, Brazil
| | - Osmar Freitas
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-560 Recife-PE, Brazil
| | - Paulo R A Campos
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-560 Recife-PE, Brazil
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7
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Awais M, Zhao J, Cheng X, Ghaffar Khoso A, Ju M, Ur Rehman Z, Iqbal A, Rameez Khan M, Chen W, Liu M, Ma X, Wang L, Liu W, Du Z, Sun M, Zhang G, Kang Z, Ali S. Himalayan mountains imposing a barrier on gene flow of wheat yellow rust pathogen in the bordering regions of Pakistan and China. Fungal Genet Biol 2023; 164:103753. [PMID: 36574524 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2022.103753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The wheat yellow rust pathogen has been shown to be diverse and potentially originated in the Himalayan region. Although Himalayan populations of Pakistan, Nepal and Bhutan have been previously compared, little is known about the relative divergence and diversity in Puccinia striiformis populations in the bordering regions of Pakistan and China. To assess the relative diversity and divergence in these regions of Pakistan (Gilgit-Baltistan, Hazara and Azad Jammu Kashmir) and China (Xinjiang, Qinghai, Tibet, Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan), a total of 1245 samples were genotyped using 17 microsatellite SSR markers. A clear divergence was observed between the bordering regions of Pakistan and China (FST = 0.28) without any resampling of genetic groups and multilocus genotypes across two sides of the Himalayan mountains. The closest subpopulations across the two countries were Xinjiang and Gilgit-Baltistan (Nei's distance = 0.147), which were close geographically. A very high diversity and recombinant population structure was observed in both populations, though slightly higher in China (Genotypic diversity = 0.970; r¯d = 0.000) than in Pakistan (Genotypic diversity = 0.902; r¯d = 0.065). The distribution of genetic groups and resampling of MLGs revealed more gene flow across Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan regions in China, while between Hazara and Azad-Jammu Kashmir in Pakistan. The lack of gene flow between Pakistan and China populations is due to geographical barriers and a large patch of land without wheat. The information on the relative diversity and divergence in different geographical zones of the pathogen center of diversity and neighboring region should be considered in resistant wheat deployment while considering the invasion potential of the pathogen at regional and global contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Awais
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Jie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
| | - Xiangrui Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Abdul Ghaffar Khoso
- College of Plant Protection, Dept. Agriculture Entomology & pest control. Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Meng Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Zia Ur Rehman
- Dept. of Agriculture, Hazara University Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Aamir Iqbal
- Dept. of Agriculture, Hazara University Mansehra, Pakistan
| | | | - Wen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China; Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Plant Protection, Guiyang, PR China
| | - Maxinzhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Xinyao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Zhimin Du
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Mudi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Gensheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Zhensheng Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
| | - Sajid Ali
- Dept. of Agriculture, Hazara University Mansehra, Pakistan.
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8
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Rose JP, Sytsma KJ. Phylogeography and genetic variation in Western Jacob's ladder (Polemonium occidentale) provide insights into the origin and conservation of rare species in the Great Lakes region. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:79-94. [PMID: 36217576 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The perennial herb Western Jacob's Ladder (Polemonium occidentale, Polemoniaceae) is widespread in the mountains of western North America but reappears as a disjunct in the Great Lakes Region in Minnesota and Wisconsin, USA as the narrow endemic P. occidentale subsp. lacustre. This distribution is shown by a diverse assemblage of angiosperms. It has been hypothesized that these species became isolated just after the Last Glacial Maximum, but this has not been tested. Additionally, the genetic diversity and population connectivity of the endemic Great Lakes flora has been understudied, with important conservation implications. Using genotyping-by-sequencing, we examined the relationship of P. occidentale subsp. lacustre to its closest relatives, relationships among all known populations, and genetic diversity within these populations. Polemonium occidentale subsp. lacustre represents an isolated, unique lineage that diverged from its closest relatives 1.3 Ma and arrived in the Great Lakes Region by at least 38 ka. Nearly all extant populations diverged prior to the Last Glacial Maximum, are genetically distinct, and show little within-population genetic diversity. Clonality may mitigate reduction in diversity due to drift. Mixed population signal between Wisconsin and some Minnesota populations may be due to gene flow during the Late Pleistocene. While populations of P. occidentale subsp. lacustre may be relictual from a now extinct western relative, it is best treated as a distinct species. Conservation efforts should focus more on ensuring that current populations remain rather than maintaining large populations sizes across a few populations. However, encouraging habitat heterogeneity may accomplish both simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey P Rose
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kenneth J Sytsma
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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9
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Maia UM, Santos Júnior JED, Molina M, Galaschi-Teixeira JS, Carvalho AT, Miranda LDS, Imperatriz-Fonseca VL, Oliveira G, Giannini TC. Evidence for morphological and genetic structuring of Plebeia flavocincta (Apidae: Meliponini) populations in Northeast Brazil. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.1057624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropical dry forests are increasingly threatened by human activities. In Northeast Brazil, the Caatinga, an area of tropical dry forests surrounded by wetlands, is considered globally unique among these habitats. In this region, the stingless bee Plebeia flavocincta is found in a variety of environmental, ecological, and demographic conditions. We aimed to characterize P. flavocincta populations within its natural range through wing geometric morphometrics and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analyses. The characterization of population variability can clarify whether the species is morphologically and genetically diverse and whether populations are morphologically and genetically structured. We analyzed 673 samples by wing morphometry and 75 by cytochrome-b assays. Our results revealed P. flavocincta is genetically and morphologically diverse and populations are morphologically and genetically structured. Despite the differentiation between the two most morphologically distant populations, we verified a large overlap of morphological variation between all populations. The genetic analysis showed that the haplotypes were geographically structured into six clusters, four of which were located in coastal areas, and the remaining two in the drier inland region. The characterization of P. flavocincta populations is an important step toward decision-making in programs for the protection, management, and sustainable use of this stingless bee in local breeding efforts.
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10
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Shen J, Wang Y. An improved method for the identification and setting of ecological corridors in urbanized areas. Urban Ecosyst 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11252-022-01298-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Feigs JT, Holzhauer SIJ, Huang S, Brunet J, Diekmann M, Hedwall PO, Kramp K, Naaf T. Pollinator movement activity influences genetic diversity and differentiation of spatially isolated populations of clonal forest herbs. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.908258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In agricultural landscapes, forest herbs live in small, spatially isolated forest patches. For their long-term survival, their populations depend on animals as genetic linkers that provide pollen- or seed-mediated gene flow among different forest patches. However, whether insect pollinators serve as genetic linkers among spatially isolated forest herb populations in agricultural landscapes remains to be shown. Here, we used population genetic methods to analyze: (A) the genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of populations of two common, slow-colonizing temperate forest herb species [Polygonatum multiflorum (L.) All. and Anemone nemorosa L.] in spatially isolated populations within three agricultural landscapes in Germany and Sweden and (B) the movement activity of their most relevant associated pollinator species, i.e., the bumblebee Bombus pascuorum (Scopoli, 1,763) and the hoverfly Melanostoma scalare (Fabricus, 1,794), respectively, which differ in their mobility. We tested whether the indicated pollinator movement activity affected the genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of the forest herb populations. Bumblebee movement indicators that solely indicated movement activity between the forest patches affected both genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of the associated forest herb P. multiflorum in a way that can be explained by pollen-mediated gene flow among the forest herb populations. In contrast, movement indicators reflecting the total movement activity at a forest patch (including within-forest patch movement activity) showed unexpected effects for both plant-pollinator pairs that might be explained by accelerated genetic drift due to enhanced sexual reproduction. Our integrated approach revealed that bumblebees serve as genetic linkers of associated forest herb populations, even if they are more than 2 km apart from each other. No such evidence was found for the forest associated hoverfly species which showed significant genetic differentiation among forest patches itself. Our approach also indicated that a higher within-forest patch movement activity of both pollinator species might enhance sexual recruitment and thus diminishes the temporal buffer that clonal growth provides against habitat fragmentation effects.
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12
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Devlin JJ, Thomas RJ, Long SE, Boardman P, Dupuis JR. Impact of climate change on the elevational and latitudinal distributions of populations of Tipulidae (Diptera) in Wales, United Kingdom. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blac079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
As dominant features of most ecosystems, insects are responsive to changes in climate, both over short temporal scales (e.g. seasonal fluctuations in abundance) and over longer evolutionary scales (e.g. decade-scale changes in patterns of biodiversity). One such taxonomic group that is sensitive to changing climate are the craneflies (Diptera: Tipulidae). Here, we used aggregated biodiversity data to examine elevational and latitudinal distributions of adult Tipulidae between 1976 and 2019 in Wales, UK, and we related these distributions to climatic patterns. Our analyses showed that species with earlier-emerging adults were most affected by weather conditions in the year before observation. Specifically, as temperature increased, observed elevation increased in high-precipitation conditions, remained stable in average-precipitation conditions and decreased in low-precipitation conditions. For species with later-emerging adults, associations were seen between elevation and weather conditions in the year of observation. Observed latitude generally exhibited a negative association with maximum temperature in the year before observation, with observations of Tipulidae trending southwards during the 43-year study period. Our results support consideration of emergence phenology, weather and habitat data when predicting species distributional changes attributable to climate change, which is vital in understanding the selection pressures that species face in a changing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack J Devlin
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky , Lexington, KY , USA
| | - Robert J Thomas
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University , Cardiff , UK
| | | | - Pete Boardman
- Dipterist’s Forum, UK Cranefly Recording Scheme , UK
| | - Julian R Dupuis
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky , Lexington, KY , USA
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13
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Nauta J, Simoens P, Khaluf Y, Martinez-Garcia R. Foraging behaviour and patch size distribution jointly determine population dynamics in fragmented landscapes. J R Soc Interface 2022; 19:20220103. [PMID: 35730173 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2022.0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased fragmentation caused by habitat loss represents a major threat to the persistence of animal populations. How fragmentation affects populations depends on the rate at which individuals move between spatially separated patches. Whereas negative effects of habitat loss on biodiversity are well known, the effects of fragmentation per se on population dynamics and ecosystem stability remain less well understood. Here, we use a spatially explicit predator-prey model to investigate how the interplay between fragmentation and optimal foraging behaviour affects predator-prey interactions and, subsequently, ecosystem stability. We study systems wherein prey occupies isolated patches and are consumed by predators that disperse following Lévy random walks. Our results show that the Lévy exponent and the degree of fragmentation jointly determine coexistence probabilities. In highly fragmented landscapes, Brownian and ballistic predators go extinct and only scale-free predators can coexist with prey. Furthermore, our results confirm that predation causes irreversible habitat loss in fragmented landscapes owing to overexploitation of smaller patches of prey. Moreover, we show that predator dispersal can reduce, but not prevent or minimize, the amount of lost habitat. Our results suggest that integrating optimal foraging theory into population and landscape ecology is crucial to assessing the impact of fragmentation on biodiversity and ecosystem stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Nauta
- Department of Information Technology-IDLab, Ghent University-IMEC, Technologiepark Zwijnaarde 126, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Simoens
- Department of Information Technology-IDLab, Ghent University-IMEC, Technologiepark Zwijnaarde 126, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yara Khaluf
- Wageningen University and Research, Department of Social Sciences-Information Technology Group, Hollandseweg 1, 6706KN Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ricardo Martinez-Garcia
- ICTP South American Institute for Fundamental Research and Instituto de Física Teórica, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Rua Dr Bento Teobaldo Ferraz 271, Bloco 2 - Barra Funda, 01140-070 São Paulo, Brazil
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14
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Custer GF, Bresciani L, Dini-Andreote F. Ecological and Evolutionary Implications of Microbial Dispersal. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:855859. [PMID: 35464980 PMCID: PMC9019484 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.855859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Dispersal is simply defined as the movement of species across space and time. Despite this terse definition, dispersal is an essential process with direct ecological and evolutionary implications that modulate community assembly and turnover. Seminal ecological studies have shown that environmental context (e.g., local edaphic properties, resident community), dispersal timing and frequency, and species traits, collectively account for patterns of species distribution resulting in either their persistence or unsuccessful establishment within local communities. Despite the key importance of this process, relatively little is known about how dispersal operates in microbiomes across divergent systems and community types. Here, we discuss parallels of macro- and micro-organismal ecology with a focus on idiosyncrasies that may lead to novel mechanisms by which dispersal affects the structure and function of microbiomes. Within the context of ecological implications, we revise the importance of short- and long-distance microbial dispersal through active and passive mechanisms, species traits, and community coalescence, and how these align with recent advances in metacommunity theory. Conversely, we enumerate how microbial dispersal can affect diversification rates of species by promoting gene influxes within local communities and/or shifting genes and allele frequencies via migration or de novo changes (e.g., horizontal gene transfer). Finally, we synthesize how observed microbial assemblages are the dynamic outcome of both successful and unsuccessful dispersal events of taxa and discuss these concepts in line with the literature, thus enabling a richer appreciation of this process in microbiome research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon F Custer
- Department of Plant Science and Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Luana Bresciani
- Department of Plant Science and Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Francisco Dini-Andreote
- Department of Plant Science and Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
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15
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Greenbaum G, Dener E, Giladi I. Limits to the evolution of dispersal kernels under rapid fragmentation. J R Soc Interface 2022; 19:20210696. [PMID: 35317653 PMCID: PMC8941381 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2021.0696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptive evolution of dispersal strategies is one mechanism by which species can respond to rapid environmental changes. However, under rapid anthropogenic fragmentation, the evolution of dispersal may be limited, and species may be unable to adequately adapt to fragmented landscapes. Here, we develop a spatially explicit model to investigate the evolution of dispersal kernels under various combinations of fragmentation dynamics and initial conditions. We also study the consequences of modelling an evolutionary process in which dispersal phenotypes continuously and gradually shift in phenotype space in a manner corresponding to a polygenic underlying genetic architecture. With rapid fragmentation rates, we observed the emergence of long-term transient states in which dispersal strategies are not well suited to fragmented landscapes. We also show that the extent and length of these transient states depend on the pre-fragmentation dispersal strategy of the species, as well as on the rate of the fragmentation process leading to the fragmented landscape. In an increasingly fragmented world, understanding the ability of populations to adapt, and the effects that rapid fragmentation has on the evolution of dispersal, is critical for an informed assessment of species viability in the Anthropocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gili Greenbaum
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Behavior, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Efrat Dener
- Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel.,Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Swiss Institute for Dryland Environmental and Energy Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion 8499000, Israel
| | - Itamar Giladi
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Swiss Institute for Dryland Environmental and Energy Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion 8499000, Israel
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16
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Dahirel M, Wullschleger M, Berry T, Croci S, Pétillon J. Dispersal syndrome and landscape fragmentation in the salt-marsh specialist spider Erigone longipalpis. Curr Zool 2022; 69:21-31. [PMID: 36974147 PMCID: PMC10039173 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoac016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Dispersal and its evolution play a key role for population persistence in fragmented landscapes where habitat loss and fragmentation increase the cost of between-habitat movements. In such contexts, it is important to know how variation in dispersal and other traits is structured, and whether responses to landscape fragmentation are aligned with underlying dispersal-trait correlations, or dispersal syndromes. We therefore studied trait variation in Erigone longipalpis, a European spider species specialist of (often patchy) salt marshes. We collected spiders in two salt-marsh landscapes differing in habitat availability. We then reared lab-born spiders for two generations in controlled conditions, and measured dispersal and its association with various key traits. E. longipalpis population densities were lower in the more fragmented landscape. Despite this, we found no evidence of differences in dispersal, or any other trait we studied, between the two landscapes. While a dispersal syndrome was present at the among-individual level (dispersers were more fecund and faster growing, among others), there was no indication it was genetically driven: among-family differences in dispersal were not correlated with differences in other traits. Instead, we showed that the observed phenotypic covariations were mostly due to within-family correlations. We hypothesize that the dispersal syndrome is the result of asymmetric food access among siblings, leading to variation in development rates and carrying over to adult traits. Our results show we need to better understand the sources of dispersal variation and syndromes, especially when dispersal may evolve rapidly in response to environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Dahirel
- Univ Rennes, UR1, CNRS, ECOBIO (Ecosystèmes, Biodiversité, évolution), UMR 6553, F-35000, Rennes, France
- Department of Biology, Ghent University, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marie Wullschleger
- Univ Rennes, UR1, CNRS, ECOBIO (Ecosystèmes, Biodiversité, évolution), UMR 6553, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Tristan Berry
- Univ Rennes, UR1, CNRS, ECOBIO (Ecosystèmes, Biodiversité, évolution), UMR 6553, F-35000, Rennes, France
- Syndicat Mixte de Gestion des Milieux Naturels, Réserve Naturelle Nationale de l’Étang Noir, F-40510, Seignosse, France
| | - Solène Croci
- CNRS, Université de Rennes 2, EPHE-PSL, Université d’Angers, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Université de Caen Normandie, Université de Nantes, UMR LETG, F-35043, Rennes, France
| | - Julien Pétillon
- Univ Rennes, UR1, CNRS, ECOBIO (Ecosystèmes, Biodiversité, évolution), UMR 6553, F-35000, Rennes, France
- Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
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17
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Gervais L, Morellet N, David I, Hewison AJM, Réale D, Goulard M, Chaval Y, Lourtet B, Cargnelutti B, Merlet J, Quéméré E, Pujol B. Quantifying heritability and estimating evolutionary potential in the wild when individuals that share genes also share environments. J Anim Ecol 2022; 91:1239-1250. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Gervais
- Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CEFS, Castanet‐Tolosan, France ZA France
- PSL Université Paris : EHPE‐UPVD‐CNRS Perpignan France
| | - N. Morellet
- Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CEFS, Castanet‐Tolosan, France ZA France
| | - I. David
- Université de Toulouse Castanet Tolosan France
| | - A. J. M. Hewison
- Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CEFS, Castanet‐Tolosan, France ZA France
| | - D. Réale
- Département des sciences biologiques Université du Québec à Montréal QC Canada
| | - M. Goulard
- Université de Toulouse Castanet‐Tolosan France
| | - Y. Chaval
- Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CEFS, Castanet‐Tolosan, France ZA France
| | - B. Lourtet
- Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CEFS, Castanet‐Tolosan, France ZA France
| | - B. Cargnelutti
- Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CEFS, Castanet‐Tolosan, France ZA France
| | - J. Merlet
- Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CEFS, Castanet‐Tolosan, France ZA France
| | - E. Quéméré
- Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CEFS, Castanet‐Tolosan, France ZA France
- INRAE, DECOD (Ecosystem Dynamics and Sustainability), Institut Agro, IFREMER Rennes France
| | - B. Pujol
- PSL Université Paris : EHPE‐UPVD‐CNRS Perpignan France
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18
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Toczydlowski RH, Waller DM. Plastic and quantitative genetic divergence mirror environmental gradients among wild, fragmented populations of Impatiens capensis. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2022; 109:99-114. [PMID: 34643270 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Habitat fragmentation generates molecular genetic divergence among isolated populations, but few studies have assessed phenotypic divergence and fitness in populations where the genetic consequences of habitat fragmentation are known. Phenotypic divergence could reflect plasticity, local adaptation, and/or genetic drift. METHODS We examined patterns and potential drivers of phenotypic divergence among 12 populations of jewelweed (Impatiens capensis) that show strong molecular genetic signals of isolation and drift among fragmented habitats. We measured morphological and reproductive traits in both maternal plants within natural populations and their self-fertilized progeny grown together in a common garden. We also quantified environmental divergence between home sites and the common garden. RESULTS Populations with less molecular genetic variation expressed less maternal phenotypic variation. Progeny in the common garden converged in phenotypes relative to their wild mothers but retained among-population differences in morphology, survival, and reproduction. Among-population phenotypic variance was 3-10× greater in home sites than in the common garden for 6 of 7 morphological traits measured. Patterns of phenotypic divergence paralleled environmental gradients in ways suggestive of adaptation. Progeny resembled their mothers less as the environmental distance between their home site and the common garden increased. CONCLUSIONS Despite strong molecular signatures of isolation and drift, phenotypic differences among these Impatiens populations appear to reflect both adaptive quantitative genetic divergence and plasticity. Quantifying the extent of local adaptation and plasticity and how these covary with molecular and phenotypic variation help us predict when populations may lose their adaptive capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel H Toczydlowski
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 430 Lincoln Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Donald M Waller
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 430 Lincoln Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
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19
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Pal S, Debanshi S. Developing wetland landscape insecurity and hydrological security models and measuring their spatial linkages. ECOL INFORM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2021.101461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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20
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Brans KI, Tüzün N, Sentis A, De Meester L, Stoks R. Cryptic eco-evolutionary feedback in the city: Urban evolution of prey dampens the effect of urban evolution of the predator. J Anim Ecol 2021; 91:514-526. [PMID: 34606084 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Most research on eco-evolutionary feedbacks focuses on ecological consequences of evolution in a single species. This ignores the fact that evolution in response to a shared environmental factor in multiple species involved in interactions could alter the net cumulative effect of evolution on ecology. We empirically tested whether urbanization-driven evolution in a predator (nymphs of the damselfly Ischnura elegans) and its prey (the water flea Daphnia magna) jointly shape the outcome of predation under simulated heatwaves. Both interactors show genetic trait adaptation to urbanization, particularly to higher temperatures. We cross-exposed common-garden reared damselflies and Daphnia from replicated urban and rural populations, and quantified predation rates and functional response traits. Urban damselfly nymphs showed higher encounter and predation rates than rural damselflies when exposed to rural prey, but this difference disappeared when they preyed on urban Daphnia. This represents a case of a cryptic evo-to-eco feedback, where the evolution of one species dampens the effects of the evolution of another species on their interaction strength. The effects of evolution of each single species were strong: the scenario in which only the predator or prey was adapted to urbanization resulted in a c. 250% increase in encounter rate and a c. 25% increase in predation rate, compared to the rural predator-rural prey combination. Our results provide unique evidence for eco-evolutionary feedbacks in cities, and underscore the importance of a multi-species approach in eco-evolutionary dynamics research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristien I Brans
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nedim Tüzün
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Arnaud Sentis
- INRAE, Aix-Marseille University, UMR RECOVER, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Luc De Meester
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Robby Stoks
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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21
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Mackin CR, Goulson D, Castellanos MC. Novel nectar robbing negatively affects reproduction in Digitalis purpurea. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:13455-13463. [PMID: 34646482 PMCID: PMC8495828 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
With many plant-pollinator interactions undergoing change as species' distributions shift, we require a better understanding of how the addition of new interacting partners can affect plant reproduction. One such group of floral visitors, nectar robbers, can deplete plants of nectar rewards without contributing to pollination. The addition of nectar robbing to the floral visitor assemblage could therefore have costs to the plant´s reproductive output. We focus on a recent plant colonist, Digitalis purpurea, a plant that in its native range is rarely robbed, but experiences intense nectar robbing in areas it has been introduced to. Here, we test the costs to reproduction following experimental nectar robbing. To identify any changes in the behavior of the principal pollinators in response to nectar robbing, we measured visitation rates, visit duration, proportion of flowers visited, and rate of rejection of inflorescences. To find the effects of robbing on fitness, we used proxies for female and male components of reproductive output, by measuring the seeds produced per fruit and the pollen export, respectively. Nectar robbing significantly reduced the rate of visitation and lengths of visits by bumblebees. Additionally, bumblebees visited a lower proportion of flowers on an inflorescence that had robbed flowers. We found that flowers in the robbed treatment produced significantly fewer seeds per fruit on average but did not export fewer pollen grains. Our finding that robbing leads to reduced seed production could be due to fewer and shorter visits to flowers leading to less effective pollination. We discuss the potential consequences of new pollinator environments, such as exposure to nectar robbing, for plant reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dave Goulson
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of SussexBrightonUK
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22
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Lewis G, Dinter A, Elston C, Marx MT, Mayer CJ, Neumann P, Pilling E, Braaker S. The Role of Source-Sink Dynamics in the Assessment of Risk to Nontarget Arthropods from the Use of Plant Protection Products. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2021; 40:2667-2679. [PMID: 34111321 PMCID: PMC9291833 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The concept of source-sink dynamics as a potentially important component of metapopulation dynamics was introduced in the 1980s. The objective of the present review was to review the considerable body of work that has been developed, to consider its theoretical implications as well as to understand how source-sink dynamics may manifest under field conditions in the specific case of nontarget arthropods in the agricultural environment. Our review concludes that metapopulation dynamics based on field observations are often far more complex than existing theoretical source-sink models would indicate, because they are dependent on numerous population processes and influencing factors. The difficulty in identifying and measuring these factors likely explains why empirical studies assessing source-sink dynamics are scarce. Furthermore, we highlight the importance of considering the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of agricultural landscapes when assessing the population dynamics of nontarget arthropods in the context of the risk from the use of plant protection products. A need is identified to further develop and thoroughly validate predictive population models, which can incorporate all factors relevant to a specific system. Once reliable predictive models for a number of representative nontarget arthropod species are available, they could provide a meaningful tool for refined risk evaluations (higher tier level risk assessment), addressing specific concerns identified at the initial evaluation stages (lower tier level risk assessment). Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:2667-2679. © 2021 ERM, FMC, Syngenta, Bayer AG, BASF SE, Corteva agriscience. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ed Pilling
- Corteva AgrisciencesAbingdonOxfordshireUnited Kingdom
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23
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Brans KI, Almeida RA, Fajgenblat M. Genetic differentiation in pesticide resistance between urban and rural populations of a nontarget freshwater keystone interactor, Daphnia magna. Evol Appl 2021; 14:2541-2552. [PMID: 34745342 PMCID: PMC8549624 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that urbanization drives adaptive evolution in response to thermal gradients. One such example is documented in the water flea Daphnia magna. However, organisms residing in urban lentic ecosystems are increasingly exposed to chemical pollutants such as pesticides through run-off and aerial transportation. The extent to which urbanization drives the evolution of pesticide resistance in aquatic organisms and whether this is impacted by warming and thermal adaptation remains limitedly studied. We performed a common garden rearing experiment using multiple clonal lineages originating from five replicated urban and rural D. magna populations, in which we implemented an acute toxicity test exposing neonates (<24h) to either a solvent control or the organophosphate pesticide chlorpyrifos. Pesticide exposures were performed at two temperatures (20°C vs. 24°C) to test for temperature-associated differences in urbanization-driven evolved pesticide resistance. We identified a strong overall effect of pesticide exposure on Daphnia survival probability (-72.8 percentage points). However, urban Daphnia genotypes showed higher survival probabilities compared to rural ones in the presence of chlorpyrifos (+29.7 percentage points). Our experiment did not reveal strong temperature x pesticide or temperature x pesticide x urbanization background effects on survival probability. The here observed evolution of resistance to an organophosphate pesticide is a first indication Daphnia likely also adapts to pesticide pollution in urban areas. Increased pesticide resistance could facilitate their population persistence in urban ponds, and feed back to ecosystem functions, such as top-down control of algae. In addition, adaptive evolution of nontarget organisms to pest control strategies and occupational pesticide use may modulate how pesticide applications affect genetic and species diversity in urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristien I. Brans
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution, and ConservationKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Rafaela A. Almeida
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution, and ConservationKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Maxime Fajgenblat
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution, and ConservationKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
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24
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Abstract
Recent human activity has profoundly transformed Earth biomes on a scale and at rates that are unprecedented. Given the central role of symbioses in ecosystem processes, functions, and services throughout the Earth biosphere, the impacts of human-driven change on symbioses are critical to understand. Symbioses are not merely collections of organisms, but co-evolved partners that arise from the synergistic combination and action of different genetic programs. They function with varying degrees of permanence and selection as emergent units with substantial potential for combinatorial and evolutionary innovation in both structure and function. Following an articulation of operational definitions of symbiosis and related concepts and characteristics of the Anthropocene, we outline a basic typology of anthropogenic change (AC) and a conceptual framework for how AC might mechanistically impact symbioses with select case examples to highlight our perspective. We discuss surprising connections between symbiosis and the Anthropocene, suggesting ways in which new symbioses could arise due to AC, how symbioses could be agents of ecosystem change, and how symbioses, broadly defined, of humans and “farmed” organisms may have launched the Anthropocene. We conclude with reflections on the robustness of symbioses to AC and our perspective on the importance of symbioses as ecosystem keystones and the need to tackle anthropogenic challenges as wise and humble stewards embedded within the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik F Y Hom
- Department of Biology and Center for Biodiversity and Conservation Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA
| | - Alexandra S Penn
- Department of Sociology and Centre for Evaluation of Complexity Across the Nexus, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH UK
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25
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Phenotypic variation in a neotropical understory bird driven by environmental change in an urbanizing Amazonian landscape. Oecologia 2021; 196:763-779. [PMID: 34259906 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-04976-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Environmental change through habitat fragmentation and urbanization drives biodiversity loss in the Neotropics at an alarming rate. Some individuals and species confined to habitat fragments may develop phenotypic adjustments that allow populations to persist, even in landscapes made harsh by human activities. Behavioral and morphological adjustments may enhance a population's ability to cope with anthropogenic hazards. We examined potential differences in the behavioral and morphological phenotype of populations of the neotropical Wedge-billed Woodcreeper (Glyphorynchus spirurus)-an understory forest specialist insectivorous bird-between populations from urban fragmented forests and continuous preserved forests. We evaluated exploratory behavior and morphological traits using generalized linear models and linear discriminant analysis to quantify phenotypical differences among populations. We used failure time analysis to compare latency to explore and move during exploration in a Novel Environment Test (NET). Our analyses detected differences in certain movement behaviors (latencies to move during NET), indicating that individuals from fragmented forests are slow explorers in relation to individuals from the continuous forest. We also found shorter tarsi and tails in the fragmented forest population which were attributed to an overall reduction in body size in these populations. Our results suggest that environmental change driven by fragmentation in an urban landscape is causing population differentiation, but we cannot ascribe observed variations to evolutionary processes only, as the differences observed may be explained by other processes too. However, we suggest that phenotypic differences may be aiding this small understory forest specialist to persist in an urban fragmented landscape.
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26
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Lewis MA, Fagan WF, Auger-Méthé M, Frair J, Fryxell JM, Gros C, Gurarie E, Healy SD, Merkle JA. Learning and Animal Movement. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.681704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrating diverse concepts from animal behavior, movement ecology, and machine learning, we develop an overview of the ecology of learning and animal movement. Learning-based movement is clearly relevant to ecological problems, but the subject is rooted firmly in psychology, including a distinct terminology. We contrast this psychological origin of learning with the task-oriented perspective on learning that has emerged from the field of machine learning. We review conceptual frameworks that characterize the role of learning in movement, discuss emerging trends, and summarize recent developments in the analysis of movement data. We also discuss the relative advantages of different modeling approaches for exploring the learning-movement interface. We explore in depth how individual and social modalities of learning can matter to the ecology of animal movement, and highlight how diverse kinds of field studies, ranging from translocation efforts to manipulative experiments, can provide critical insight into the learning process in animal movement.
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27
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Morris AB, Trostel K, Scalf C, Burleyson A, Call G, Albrecht MA. Genetic variation and structure in natural and reintroduced populations of the endangered legume, Pyne’s ground plum (Astragalus bibullatus). CONSERV GENET 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-021-01346-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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28
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Solórzano‐García B, Zubillaga D, Piñero D, Vázquez‐Domínguez E. Conservation implications of living in forest remnants: Inbreeding and genetic structure of the northernmost mantled howler monkeys. Biotropica 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Diego Zubillaga
- Departamento de Ecología de la Biodiversidad. Instituto de Ecología UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria CDMX Mexico City Mexico
| | - Daniel Piñero
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva Instituto de Ecología UNAM CDMX Mexico City Mexico
| | - Ella Vázquez‐Domínguez
- Departamento de Ecología de la Biodiversidad. Instituto de Ecología UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria CDMX Mexico City Mexico
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29
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Urquhart CA, Williams JL. Trait correlations and landscape fragmentation jointly alter expansion speed via evolution at the leading edge in simulated range expansions. THEOR ECOL-NETH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12080-021-00503-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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30
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Theodorou P, Baltz LM, Paxton RJ, Soro A. Urbanization is associated with shifts in bumblebee body size, with cascading effects on pollination. Evol Appl 2021; 14:53-68. [PMID: 33519956 PMCID: PMC7819558 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Urbanization is a global phenomenon with major effects on species, the structure of community functional traits and ecological interactions. Body size is a key species trait linked to metabolism, life-history and dispersal as well as a major determinant of ecological networks. Here, using a well-replicated urban-rural sampling design in Central Europe, we investigate the direction of change of body size in response to urbanization in three common bumblebee species, Bombus lapidarius, Bombus pascuorum and Bombus terrestris, and potential knock-on effects on pollination service provision. We found foragers of B. terrestris to be larger in cities and the body size of all species to be positively correlated with road density (albeit at different, species-specific scales); these are expected consequences of habitat fragmentation resulting from urbanization. High ambient temperature at sampling was associated with both a small body size and an increase in variation of body size in all three species. At the community level, the community-weighted mean body size and its variation increased with urbanization. Urbanization had an indirect positive effect on pollination services through its effects not only on flower visitation rate but also on community-weighted mean body size and its variation. We discuss the eco-evolutionary implications of the effect of urbanization on body size, and the relevance of these findings for the key ecosystem service of pollination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Theodorou
- General ZoologyInstitute of BiologyMartin Luther University Halle‐WittenbergHalle (Saale)Germany
| | - Lucie M. Baltz
- General ZoologyInstitute of BiologyMartin Luther University Halle‐WittenbergHalle (Saale)Germany
| | - Robert J. Paxton
- General ZoologyInstitute of BiologyMartin Luther University Halle‐WittenbergHalle (Saale)Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Antonella Soro
- General ZoologyInstitute of BiologyMartin Luther University Halle‐WittenbergHalle (Saale)Germany
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31
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Cousseau L, Hammers M, Van de Loock D, Apfelbeck B, Githiru M, Matthysen E, Lens L. Habitat fragmentation shapes natal dispersal and sociality in an Afrotropical cooperative breeder. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20202428. [PMID: 33323076 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.2428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It remains poorly understood how effects of anthropogenic activity, such as large-scale habitat fragmentation, impact sociality in animals. In cooperatively breeding species, groups are mostly formed through delayed offspring dispersal, and habitat fragmentation can affect this process in two opposite directions. Increased habitat isolation may increase dispersal costs, promoting delayed dispersal. Alternatively, reduced patch size and quality may decrease benefits of philopatry, promoting dispersal. Here, we test both predictions in a cooperatively breeding bird (placid greenbul, Phyllastrephus placidus) from an Afrotropical cloud forest archipelago. Males born in fragmented forest dispersed about 1 year earlier than those born in continuous forest. Contrary to females, males also started to reproduce earlier and mostly settled within their natal patch. Females only rarely delayed their dispersal for more than 1 year, both in fragmented and continuous forests. Our results suggest that early male dispersal and reproduction is jointly driven by a decrease in the value of the natal territory and an increase in local breeding opportunities in fragmented forest. While plasticity in dispersal strategies of cooperative breeders in response to anthropogenic change is believed to optimize reproduction-survival trade-offs, to what extent it shapes the ability of species to respond to rapid environmental change remains to be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Cousseau
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Ghent University, K. L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Martijn Hammers
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, PO Box 11103, 9700 CC Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dries Van de Loock
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Ghent University, K. L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.,Evolutionary Ecology Group, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.,Department of Zoology, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Beate Apfelbeck
- Evolutionary Zoology Group, Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Strasse 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.,Department of Zoology, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Mwangi Githiru
- Department of Zoology, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya.,Wildlife Works, PO Box 310-80300, Voi, Kenya
| | - Erik Matthysen
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Luc Lens
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Ghent University, K. L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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32
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Kletty F, Pelé M, Capber F, Habold C. Are All Conservation Measures for Endangered Species Legitimate? Lines of Thinking With the European Hamster. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.536937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
When dealing with the protection of an endangered species, it appears more and more important to address the ethical limits and the societal perception of the implemented conservation measures. This will be illustrated here through the example of conservation programs of the European hamster (Cricetus cricetus) in France. The main threats for this critically endangered rodent are the impoverishment and fragmentation of its habitat due to recent changes in agricultural practices and urbanization. Thus, the status of this species changed from harmful to endangered in only a few decades. This must lead to acceptance of the species by citizens and especially farmers paid to destroy this species until the 1990s while nowadays to protect it. To stem the decline, several measures have been taken through the last 20 years including population reinforcement, wild animal tracking, and implementation of suitable habitats. One can, therefore, discuss the efficiency of these measures and their integration in the entire socio-ecosystem. Population reinforcement and the questions that can arise from it will first be addressed. Secondly, in situ animal monitoring and implications of the methods used will be discussed. Third, we will deal with agricultural practices favorable to the species. Finally, we will highlight the links between European hamster conservation measures and wider problematics.
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33
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O'Connor LMJ, Fugère V, Gonzalez A. Evolutionary Rescue Is Mediated by the History of Selection and Dispersal in Diversifying Metacommunities. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.517434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid evolution can sometimes prevent population extirpation in stressful environments, but the conditions leading to “evolutionary rescue” in metacommunities are unclear. Here we studied the eco-evolutionary response of microbial metacommunities adapting to selection by the antibiotic streptomycin. Our experiment tested how the history of antibiotic selection and contrasting modes of dispersal influenced diversification and subsequent evolutionary rescue in microbial metacommunities undergoing adaptive radiation. We first tracked the change in diversity and density of Pseudomonas fluorescens morphotypes selected on a gradient of antibiotic stress. We then examined the recovery of these metacommunities following abrupt application of a high concentration of streptomycin lethal to the ancestral organisms. We show that dispersal increases diversity within the stressed metacommunities, that exposure to stress alters diversification dynamics, and that community composition, dispersal, and past exposure to stress mediate the speed at which evolutionary rescue occurs, but not the final outcome of recovery in abundance and diversity. These findings extend recent experiments on evolutionary rescue to the case of metacommunities undergoing adaptive diversification, and should motivate new theory on this question. Our findings are also relevant to evolutionary conservation biology and research on antimicrobial resistance.
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34
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Ham-Dueñas JG, Canales-del-Castillo R, Voelker G, Ruvalcaba-Ortega I, Aguirre-Calderón CE, González-Rojas JI. Adaptive genetic diversity and evidence of population genetic structure in the endangered Sierra Madre Sparrow (Xenospiza baileyi). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232282. [PMID: 32352998 PMCID: PMC7192469 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The magnitude and distribution of genetic diversity through space and time can provide useful information relating to evolutionary potential and conservation status in threatened species. In assessing genetic diversity in species that are of conservation concern, several studies have focused on the use of Toll-like receptors (TLRs). TLRs are innate immune genes related to pathogen resistance, and polymorphisms may reflect not only levels of functional diversity, but may also be used to assess genetic diversity within and among populations. Here, we combined four potentially adaptive markers (TLRs) with one mitochondrial (COI) marker to evaluate genetic variation in the endangered Sierra Madre Sparrow (Xenospiza baileyi). This species offers an ideal model to investigate population and evolutionary genetic processes that may be occurring in a habitat restricted endangered species with disjunct populations (Mexico City and Durango), the census sizes of which differ by an order of magnitude. TLRs diversity in the Sierra Madre Sparrow was relatively high, which was not expected given its two small, geographically isolated populations. Genetic diversity was different (but not significantly so) between the two populations, with less diversity seen in the smaller Durango population. Population genetic structure between populations was due to isolation and different selective forces acting on different TLRs; population structure was also evident in COI. Reduction of genetic diversity in COI was observed over 20 years in the Durango population, a result likely caused by habitat loss, a factor which may be the main cause of diversity decline generally. Our results provide information related to the ways in which adaptive variation can be altered by demographic changes due to human-mediated habitat alterations. Furthermore, our findings may help to guide conservation schemes for both populations and their restricted habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- José G. Ham-Dueñas
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Conservación y Desarrollo Sustentable. Cd. Universitaria, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México
| | - Ricardo Canales-del-Castillo
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Conservación y Desarrollo Sustentable. Cd. Universitaria, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México
- * E-mail:
| | - Gary Voelker
- Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, Biodiversity Research and Teaching Collections, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Irene Ruvalcaba-Ortega
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Conservación y Desarrollo Sustentable. Cd. Universitaria, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México
| | | | - José I. González-Rojas
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Conservación y Desarrollo Sustentable. Cd. Universitaria, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México
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35
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Cayuela H, Besnard A, Cote J, Laporte M, Bonnaire E, Pichenot J, Schtickzelle N, Bellec A, Joly P, Léna J. Anthropogenic disturbance drives dispersal syndromes, demography, and gene flow in amphibian populations. ECOL MONOGR 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Cayuela
- Univ. Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR5023 LEHNA F‐69622 Villeurbanne France
- EPHE, UM, SupAgro, IRD, INRA, UMR 5175 CEFE, CNRS PSL Research University Montpellier F‐34293 France
| | - Aurélien Besnard
- EPHE, UM, SupAgro, IRD, INRA, UMR 5175 CEFE, CNRS PSL Research University Montpellier F‐34293 France
| | - Julien Cote
- CNRS, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, ENFA UMR5174EDB (Laboratoire Évolution & Diversité Biologique) 118 route de Narbonne F‐31062 Toulouse France
| | - Martin Laporte
- EPHE, UM, SupAgro, IRD, INRA, UMR 5175 CEFE, CNRS PSL Research University Montpellier F‐34293 France
| | - Eric Bonnaire
- Office National des Forêts Agence de Verdun 55100 Verdun France
| | - Julian Pichenot
- Centre de Recherche et Formation en Eco‐éthologie (CERFE) CERFE 08240 Boult‐aux‐Bois France
| | - Nicolas Schtickzelle
- Earth and Life Institute Biodiversity Research Centre Université Catholique de Louvain 1348 Louvain‐la‐Neuve Belgium
| | - Arnaud Bellec
- Univ. Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR5023 LEHNA F‐69622 Villeurbanne France
| | - Pierre Joly
- Univ. Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR5023 LEHNA F‐69622 Villeurbanne France
| | - Jean‐Paul Léna
- Univ. Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR5023 LEHNA F‐69622 Villeurbanne France
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36
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Low genetic differentiation despite high fragmentation in the endemic serpentinophyte Minuartia smejkalii (M. verna agg., Caryophyllaceae) revealed by RADSeq SNP markers. CONSERV GENET 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-019-01239-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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37
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38
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Masier S, Bonte D. Spatial connectedness imposes local‐ and metapopulation‐level selection on life history through feedbacks on demography. Ecol Lett 2019; 23:242-253. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.13421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Masier
- Department of Biology Terrestrial Ecology Unit Ghent University K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Dries Bonte
- Department of Biology Terrestrial Ecology Unit Ghent University K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35 9000 Ghent Belgium
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39
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Faillace CA, Morin PJ. Evolution alters post-invasion temporal dynamics in experimental communities. J Anim Ecol 2019; 89:285-298. [PMID: 31556097 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The causes and consequences of temporal variation in the abundance of organisms constitute central themes in ecological inquiry. Rapid evolution can occur over ecological time-scales, potentially resulting in altered temporal variation in abundance and complicating inferences about the consequences of temporal variation. We assessed whether evolution altered the temporal variability in species' abundances in simple assemblages of species. We then compared experimental results to predictions from two-species models to better understand our results in the context of competitive and predator-prey interactions. We compared founder populations and their evolved descendants in experimental communities of ciliates and rotifers. Using a series of orthogonal contrasts, we then evaluated whether: (a) evolutionary history of invaders or (b) residents, (c) co-evolution among invaders and residents, and (d) invasion itself altered temporal variability in species abundances following invasion by a novel species. Using two-species competition and predator-prey models, we also generated predictions to better understand the effects of evolution on temporal variation in the abundances of interacting species. Finally, we compared experimental and modelling results to aid in the interpretation of which interspecific interactions might be affected by ongoing evolution in our communities. In experimental populations, differing evolutionary histories resulted in significant differences among treatments in abundances and temporal variation in abundances of both resident and invading species. For the contrasts, we found evidence that evolutionary history of the invader and residents, co-evolution among invaders and residents, and invasion itself affected temporal variability in abundance, but the importance of each differed for the two communities and the species within those communities. When comparing experimental results to model predictions, the increased abundance and decreased temporal variation in one invader, Euplotes daidaleos, are potentially consistent with evolution resulting in reduced attack rates in the novel community. Evolutionary history alone can affect temporal variation in the abundances of species, generating important consequences for interspecific interactions among species and complicating inferences about the consequences of temporal variability in biological communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara A Faillace
- Graduate Program in Ecology and Evolution, Dept. of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Peter J Morin
- Graduate Program in Ecology and Evolution, Dept. of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
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40
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Tóth EG, Tremblay F, Housset JM, Bergeron Y, Carcaillet C. Geographic isolation and climatic variability contribute to genetic differentiation in fragmented populations of the long-lived subalpine conifer Pinus cembra L. in the western Alps. BMC Evol Biol 2019; 19:190. [PMID: 31623551 PMCID: PMC6798344 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-019-1510-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genetic processes shape the modern-day distribution of genetic variation within and between populations and can provide important insights into the underlying mechanisms of evolution. The resulting genetic variation is often unequally partitioned within species’ distribution range and especially large differences can manifest at the range limit, where population fragmentation and isolation play a crucial role in species survival. Despite several molecular studies investigating the genetic diversity and differentiation of European Alpine mountain forests, the climatic and demographic constrains which influence the genetic processes are often unknown. Here, we apply non-coding microsatellite markers to evaluate the sporadic peripheral and continuous populations of cembra pine (Pinus cembra L.), a long-lived conifer species that inhabits the subalpine treeline ecotone in the western Alps to investigate how the genetic processes contribute to the modern-day spatial distribution. Moreover, we corroborate our findings with paleoecological records, micro and macro-remains, to infer the species’ possible glacial refugia and expansion scenarios. Results Four genetically distinct groups were identified, with Bayesian and FST based approaches, across the range of the species, situated in the northern, inner and south-western Alps. We found that genetic differentiation is substantially higher in marginal populations than at the center of the range, and marginal stands are characterized by geographic and genetic isolation due to spatial segregation and restricted gene flow. Moreover, multiple matrix regression approaches revealed effects of climatic heterogeneity in species’ spatial genetic pattern. Also, population stability tests indicated that all populations had experienced a severe historical bottleneck, no heterozygosity excess was detected, suggesting that more recently population sizes have remained relatively stable. Conclusions Our study demonstrated that cembra pine might have survived in multiple glacial refugia and subsequently recolonized the Alps by different routes. Modern-day marginal populations, at the edge of the species’ range, could maintain stable sizes over long periods without inbreeding depression and preserve high amounts of genetic variation. Moreover, our analyses indicate that climatic variability has played a major role in shaping differentiation, in addition to past historical events such as migration and demographic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endre Gy Tóth
- Forest Research Institute (IRF), University of Quebec in Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT), 445 Boul. de l'Université, Rouyn-Noranda, QC, J9X 5E4, Canada. .,National Agricultural Research and Innovation Center (NARIC), Forest Research Institute (FRI), Várkerület u. 30/A, Sárvár, 9600, Hungary.
| | - Francine Tremblay
- Forest Research Institute (IRF), University of Quebec in Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT), 445 Boul. de l'Université, Rouyn-Noranda, QC, J9X 5E4, Canada
| | - Johann M Housset
- Centre for Forest Research (CEF), University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), C.P. 8888, succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada.,Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (EPHE), Paris Sciences & Lettres University (PSL), Paris, France.,Alcina, 10 rue des Amaryllis, 34070, Montpellier, France
| | - Yves Bergeron
- Forest Research Institute (IRF), University of Quebec in Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT), 445 Boul. de l'Université, Rouyn-Noranda, QC, J9X 5E4, Canada.,Centre for Forest Research (CEF), University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), C.P. 8888, succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Christopher Carcaillet
- Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (EPHE), Paris Sciences & Lettres University (PSL), Paris, France.,Laboratory for Ecology of Natural and Anthropised Hydrosystems (UMR 5023 CNRS UCBL ENTPE), Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
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41
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Pérez-Tris J, Llanos-Garrido A, Bloor P, Carbonell R, Tellería JL, Santos T, Díaz JA. Increased individual homozygosity is correlated with low fitness in a fragmented lizard population. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blz144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AbstractIsolation owing to anthropogenic habitat fragmentation is expected to increase the homozygosity of individuals, which might reduce their fitness as a result of inbreeding depression. Using samples from a fragmented population of the lizard Psammodromus algirus, for which we had data about two correlates of fitness, we genotyped individuals for six microsatellite loci that correctly capture genome-wide individual homozygosity of these lizards (as validated with an independent sample of lizards genotyped for both these microsatellites and > 70 000 single nucleotide polymorphisms). Our data revealed genetic structure at a very small geographical scale, which was compatible with restricted gene flow among populations disconnected in a matrix of inhospitable habitat. Lizards from the same fragment were genetically more related to one another than expected by chance, and individual homozygosity was greater in small than in large fragments. Within fragments, individual homozygosity was negatively associated with adult body size and clutch mass, revealing a link among reduced gene flow, increased homozygosity and lowered fitness that might reduce population viability deterministically. Our results contribute to mounting evidence of the impact of the loss of genetic diversity on fragmented wild populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Pérez-Tris
- Departamento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Llanos-Garrido
- Departamento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paul Bloor
- Instituto de Genética, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Roberto Carbonell
- Consejería de Medio Ambiente, Servicio Espacios Naturales, Valladolid, Spain
| | - José Luis Tellería
- Departamento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tomás Santos
- Departamento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José A Díaz
- Departamento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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42
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Homola JJ, Loftin CS, Kinnison MT. Landscape genetics reveals unique and shared effects of urbanization for two sympatric pool-breeding amphibians. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:11799-11823. [PMID: 31695889 PMCID: PMC6822048 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Metapopulation-structured species can be negatively affected when landscape fragmentation impairs connectivity. We investigated the effects of urbanization on genetic diversity and gene flow for two sympatric amphibian species, spotted salamanders (Ambystoma maculatum) and wood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus), across a large (>35,000 km2) landscape in Maine, USA, containing numerous natural and anthropogenic gradients. Isolation-by-distance (IBD) patterns differed between the species. Spotted salamanders showed a linear and relatively high variance relationship between genetic and geographic distances (r = .057, p < .001), whereas wood frogs exhibited a strongly nonlinear and lower variance relationship (r = 0.429, p < .001). Scale dependence analysis of IBD found gene flow has its most predictable influence (strongest IBD correlations) at distances up to 9 km for spotted salamanders and up to 6 km for wood frogs. Estimated effective migration surfaces revealed contrasting patterns of high and low genetic diversity and gene flow between the two species. Population isolation, quantified as the mean IBD residuals for each population, was associated with local urbanization and less genetic diversity in both species. The influence of geographic proximity and urbanization on population connectivity was further supported by distance-based redundancy analysis and multiple matrix regression with randomization. Resistance surface modeling found interpopulation connectivity to be influenced by developed land cover, light roads, interstates, and topography for both species, plus secondary roads and rivers for wood frogs. Our results highlight the influence of anthropogenic landscape features within the context of natural features and broad spatial genetic patterns, in turn supporting the premise that while urbanization significantly restricts interpopulation connectivity for wood frogs and spotted salamanders, specific landscape elements have unique effects on these two sympatric species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cynthia S. Loftin
- Maine Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research UnitU.S. Geological SurveyOronoMEUSA
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43
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Wang ZF, Liu HL, Dai SP, Cao HL, Wang RJ, Wang ZM. Endangered but genetically stable- Erythrophleum fordii within Feng Shui woodlands in suburbanized villages. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:10950-10963. [PMID: 32523682 PMCID: PMC7277784 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Feng Shui woodlands are naturally or artificially formed green areas in southern China. They are precious for maintaining ecosystem balance in modern semiurban environments. However, they are generally small and geographically isolated from each other, and the status of genetic diversity of the plant species within them has been almost neglected. Therefore, we studied the genetic diversity of the endangered Erythrophleum fordii in eight Feng Shui woodlands (a total of 1,061 individuals) in Guangzhou, a large city in southern China, using microsatellites. For comparison, one population with 33 individuals sampled in a nature reserve was also studied. Although our results indicate that significant demographic declines occurred historically in E. fordii, such declines have not resulted in consistent reductions in genetic variation over generations in Feng Shui populations in the recent past, and the levels of genetic variation in these populations were higher than or comparable to the genetic variation of the population in the nature reserve. In addition, our parentage and paternity analyses indicated widespread and potential long‐distance pollen flow within one Feng Shui woodland, indicating the presence of an unbroken pollination network, which would at least partially alleviate the genetic erosion due to habitat fragmentation and the unequal gene contributions of E. fordii parents to their progenies when favorable recruitment habitats are absent under most of the parent trees. Overall, our results suggest that E. fordii in Feng Shui woodlands may not be driven to extinction in the near future. Nevertheless, uncontrolled fast urban development with a lack of awareness of Feng Shui woodlands will cause the local extinction of E. fordii, which has already happened in some Feng Shui woodlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Feng Wang
- Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
| | - Hai-Lin Liu
- Environmental Horticulture Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences Guangzhou China.,Key Lab of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization Guangzhou China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Se-Ping Dai
- Guangzhou Institute of Forestry and Landscape Architecture Guangzhou China
| | - Hong-Lin Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
| | - Rui-Jiang Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
| | - Zhang-Ming Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
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García-Fernández A, Manzano P, Seoane J, Azcárate FM, Iriondo JM, Peco B. Herbivore corridors sustain genetic footprint in plant populations: a case for Spanish drove roads. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7311. [PMID: 31341747 PMCID: PMC6637930 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Habitat fragmentation is one of the greatest threats to biodiversity conservation and ecosystem productivity mediated by direct human impact. Its consequences include genetic depauperation, comprising phenomena such as inbreeding depression or reduction in genetic diversity. While the capacity of wild and domestic herbivores to sustain long-distance seed dispersal has been proven, the impact of herbivore corridors in plant population genetics remains to be observed. We conducted this study in the Conquense Drove Road in Spain, where sustained use by livestock over centuries has involved transhumant herds passing twice a year en route to winter and summer pastures. We compared genetic diversity and inbreeding coefficients of Plantago lagopus populations along the drove road with populations in the surrounding agricultural matrix, at varying distances from human settlements. We observed significant differences in coefficients of inbreeding between the drove road and the agricultural matrix, as well as significant trends indicative of higher genetic diversity and population nestedness around human settlements. Trends for higher genetic diversity along drove roads may be present, although they were only marginally significant due to the available sample size. Our results illustrate a functional landscape with human settlements as dispersal hotspots, while the findings along the drove road confirm its role as a pollinator reservoir observed in other studies. Drove roads may possibly also function as linear structures that facilitate long-distance dispersal across the agricultural matrix, while local P. lagopus populations depend rather on short-distance seed dispersal. These results highlight the role of herbivore corridors for conserving the migration capacity of plants, and contribute towards understanding the role of seed dispersal and the spread of invasive species related to human activities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pablo Manzano
- Commission on Ecosystem Management, International Union for Conservation of Nature, Nairobi, Kenya.,Terrestrial Ecology Group-Departamento de Ecología, Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,HELSUS, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Javier Seoane
- Terrestrial Ecology Group-Departamento de Ecología, Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco M Azcárate
- Terrestrial Ecology Group-Departamento de Ecología, Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose M Iriondo
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Peco
- Terrestrial Ecology Group-Departamento de Ecología, Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Winandy L, Cote J, Di Gesu L, Pellerin F, Trochet A, Legrand D. Local predation risk and matrix permeability interact to shape movement strategy. OIKOS 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.06403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurane Winandy
- Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique UMR5174 EDB, CNRS, Univ. Paul Sabatier FR‐31062 Toulouse France
| | - Julien Cote
- Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique UMR5174 EDB, CNRS, Univ. Paul Sabatier FR‐31062 Toulouse France
| | - Lucie Di Gesu
- Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique UMR5174 EDB, CNRS, Univ. Paul Sabatier FR‐31062 Toulouse France
| | - Félix Pellerin
- Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique UMR5174 EDB, CNRS, Univ. Paul Sabatier FR‐31062 Toulouse France
| | - Audrey Trochet
- CNRS, UMR5321, Station d’Écologie Théorique et Expérimentale >Moulis France
| | - Delphine Legrand
- CNRS, UMR5321, Station d’Écologie Théorique et Expérimentale >Moulis France
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Fedorca A, Russo IRM, Ionescu O, Ionescu G, Popa M, Fedorca M, Curtu AL, Sofletea N, Tabor GM, Bruford MW. Inferring fine-scale spatial structure of the brown bear (Ursus arctos) population in the Carpathians prior to infrastructure development. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9494. [PMID: 31263171 PMCID: PMC6602936 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45999-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Landscape genetics is increasingly being used in landscape planning for biodiversity conservation by assessing habitat connectivity and identifying landscape barriers, using intraspecific genetic data and quantification of landscape heterogeneity to statistically test the link between genetic variation and landscape variability. In this study we used genetic data to understand how landscape features and environmental factors influence demographic connectedness in Europe’s largest brown bear population and to assist in mitigating planned infrastructure development in Romania. Model-based clustering inferred one large and continuous bear population across the Carpathians suggesting that suitable bear habitat has not become sufficiently fragmented to restrict movement of individuals. However, at a finer scale, large rivers, often located alongside large roads with heavy traffic, were found to restrict gene flow significantly, while eastern facing slopes promoted genetic exchange. Since the proposed highway infrastructure development threatens to fragment regions of the Carpathians where brown bears occur, we develop a decision support tool based on models that assess the landscape configuration needed for brown bear conservation using wildlife corridor parameters. Critical brown bear corridors were identified through spatial mapping and connectivity models, which may be negatively influenced by infrastructure development and which therefore require mitigation. We recommend that current and proposed infrastructure developments incorporate these findings into their design and where possible avoid construction measures that may further fragment Romania’s brown bear population or include mitigation measures where alternative routes are not feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ancuta Fedorca
- National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry Marin Dracea, Brasov, 500040, Closca Street 13, Romania. .,Faculty of Silviculture and Forest Engineering, Transilvania University of Brasov, Brasov, 500123, Beethoven Lane 1, Romania.
| | - Isa-Rita M Russo
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Sir Martin Evans Building, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
| | - Ovidiu Ionescu
- National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry Marin Dracea, Brasov, 500040, Closca Street 13, Romania.,Faculty of Silviculture and Forest Engineering, Transilvania University of Brasov, Brasov, 500123, Beethoven Lane 1, Romania
| | - Georgeta Ionescu
- National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry Marin Dracea, Brasov, 500040, Closca Street 13, Romania.,Faculty of Silviculture and Forest Engineering, Transilvania University of Brasov, Brasov, 500123, Beethoven Lane 1, Romania
| | - Marius Popa
- National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry Marin Dracea, Brasov, 500040, Closca Street 13, Romania.,Faculty of Silviculture and Forest Engineering, Transilvania University of Brasov, Brasov, 500123, Beethoven Lane 1, Romania
| | - Mihai Fedorca
- National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry Marin Dracea, Brasov, 500040, Closca Street 13, Romania.,Faculty of Silviculture and Forest Engineering, Transilvania University of Brasov, Brasov, 500123, Beethoven Lane 1, Romania
| | - Alexandru Lucian Curtu
- Faculty of Silviculture and Forest Engineering, Transilvania University of Brasov, Brasov, 500123, Beethoven Lane 1, Romania
| | - Neculae Sofletea
- Faculty of Silviculture and Forest Engineering, Transilvania University of Brasov, Brasov, 500123, Beethoven Lane 1, Romania
| | - Gary M Tabor
- Center for Large Landscape Conservation, 303 W Mendenhall St #4, Bozeman, MT, 59715, USA
| | - Michael W Bruford
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Sir Martin Evans Building, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
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Vilà‐Cabrera A, Jump AS. Greater growth stability of trees in marginal habitats suggests a patchy pattern of population loss and retention in response to increased drought at the rear edge. Ecol Lett 2019; 22:1439-1448. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.13329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Vilà‐Cabrera
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences University of Stirling StirlingFK9 4LA Scotland UK
| | - Alistair S. Jump
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences University of Stirling StirlingFK9 4LA Scotland UK
- CREAF Cerdanyola del Vallès Barcelona08193Catalonia Spain
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Gallego‐García N, Forero‐Medina G, Vargas‐Ramírez M, Caballero S, Shaffer HB. Landscape genomic signatures indicate reduced gene flow and forest‐associated adaptive divergence in an endangered neotropical turtle. Mol Ecol 2019; 28:2757-2771. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.15112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Gallego‐García
- Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular de Vertebrados Acuáticos LEMVA, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad de los Andes Bogotá Colombia
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, California Conservation Science, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability University of California Los Angeles California USA
- Wildlife Conservation Society Turtle Survival Alliance Cali Colombia
| | | | - Mario Vargas‐Ramírez
- Biodiversidad y Conservación Genética, Instituto de Genética Universidad Nacional de Colombia Bogotá Colombia
| | - Susana Caballero
- Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular de Vertebrados Acuáticos LEMVA, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad de los Andes Bogotá Colombia
| | - Howard Bradley Shaffer
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, California Conservation Science, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability University of California Los Angeles California USA
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Joly P. Behavior in a Changing Landscape: Using Movement Ecology to Inform the Conservation of Pond-Breeding Amphibians. Front Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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