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Wu M, Sun C, Shi Q, Luo Y, Wang Z, Wang J, Qin Y, Cui W, Yan C, Dai H, Wang Z, Zeng J, Zhou Y, Zhu M, Liu X. Dry eye disease caused by viral infection: Past, present and future. Virulence 2024; 15:2289779. [PMID: 38047740 PMCID: PMC10761022 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2023.2289779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Following viral infection, the innate immune system senses viral products, such as viral nucleic acids, to activate innate defence pathways, leading to inflammation and apoptosis, control of cell proliferation, and consequently, threat to the whole body. The ocular surface is exposed to the external environment and extremely vulnerable to viral infection. Several studies have revealed that viral infection can induce inflammation of the ocular surface and reduce tear secretion of the lacrimal gland (LG), consequently triggering ocular morphological and functional changes and resulting in dry eye disease (DED). Understanding the mechanisms of DED caused by viral infection and its potential therapeutic strategies are crucial for clinical interventional advances in DED. This review summarizes the roles of viral infection in the pathogenesis of DED, applicable diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, and potential regions of future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cuilian Sun
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qin Shi
- Department of General Medicine, Gongli Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yalu Luo
- Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ziyu Wang
- Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianxiang Wang
- Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun Qin
- Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weihang Cui
- Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chufeng Yan
- Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huangyi Dai
- Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiyang Wang
- Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jia Zeng
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yamei Zhou
- Department of Microbiology Laboratory, Jiaxing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Manhui Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lixiang Eye Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaojuan Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
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2
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Oliveira LOD, Costa IB, Quaresma JAS. Association between Epstein-Barr virus LMP-1 and Hodgkin lymphoma LMP-1 mechanisms in Hodgkin lymphoma development. Rev Med Virol 2024; 34:e2561. [PMID: 38877989 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024]
Abstract
Hodgkin lymphoma is histologically characterised by the presence of Hodgkin (H) and Reed-Sternberg (RS) cells originating from germinal centre B-cells rearranged in the IgV gene. The formation of multinucleated RS cells is a product of telomere organisation in a process initiated by telomere aggregate accumulation in mononuclear H cells and may be mediated by latent membrane protein 1 (LMP-1) expression. LMP-1 is the main oncoprotein of EBV and supports several tumourigenic processes. LMP-1 may rescue proapoptotic B-cells through downregulation of B-cell receptor (BCR) components, mimicking and inducing multiple distinct B-cell signalling pathways to promote proliferation and survival, such as Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT), nuclear factor-kappa b (NF-кB), and cellular MYC (c-MYC), and inducing telomere instability mainly through Telomere repeat binding factor 2 (TRF2) downregulation to promote the formation of multinucleated RS cells. This review presents recent discoveries regarding the influence of LMP-1 on the surviving cellular signalling, genomic instability and mecanical formation of HRS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Igor Brasil Costa
- Virology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
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3
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Pociupany M, Snoeck R, Dierickx D, Andrei G. Treatment of Epstein-Barr Virus infection in immunocompromised patients. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 225:116270. [PMID: 38734316 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), is a ubiquitous γ-Herpesvirus that infects over 95% of the human population and can establish a life-long infection without causing any clinical symptoms in healthy individuals by residing in memory B-cells. Primary infection occurs in childhood and is mostly asymptomatic, however in some young adults it can result in infectious mononucleosis (IM). In immunocompromised individuals however, EBV infection has been associated with many different malignancies. Since EBV can infect both epithelial and B-cells and very rarely NK cells and T-cells, it is associated with both epithelial cancers like nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and gastric carcinoma (GC), with lymphomas including Burkitt Lymphoma (BL) or Post-transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder (PTLD) and rarely with NK/T-cell lymphomas. Currently there are no approved antivirals active in PTLD nor in any other malignancy. Moreover, lytic phase disease almost never requires antiviral treatment. Although many novel therapies against EBV have been described, the management and/or prevention of EBV primary infections or reactivations remains difficult. In this review, we discuss EBV infection, therapies targeting EBV in both lytic and latent state with novel therapeutics developed that show anti-EBV activity as well as EBV-associated malignancies both, epithelial and lymphoproliferative malignancies and emerging therapies targeting the EBV-infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Pociupany
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robert Snoeck
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daan Dierickx
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Hematology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Graciela Andrei
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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4
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Bae SE, Choi JW, Hong JW, Ku H, Sim KY, Ko GH, Jang DS, Shim SH, Park SG. A new compound, phomaherbarine A, induces cytolytic reactivation in epstein-barr virus-positive B cell lines. Antiviral Res 2024; 227:105906. [PMID: 38735576 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), the first virus found to induce cancer in humans, has been frequently detected in various types of B cell lymphomas. During its latent phase, EBV expresses a limited set of proteins crucial for its persistence. Induction of the lytic phase of EBV has shown promise in the treatment of EBV-associated malignancies. The present study assessed the ability of phomaherbarine A, a novel compound derived from the endophytic fungus Phoma herbarum DBE-M1, to stimulate lytic replication of EBV in B95-8 cells. Phomaherbarine A was found to efficiently initiate the expression of both early and late EBV lytic genes in B95-8 cells, with this initiation being further heightened by the addition of phorbol myristate acetate and sodium butyrate. Moreover, phomaherbarine A demonstrated notable cytotoxicity against the EBV-associated B cell lymphoma cell lines B95-8 and Raji. Mechanistically, phomaherbarine A induces apoptosis in these cells through the activation of caspase-3/7. When combined with ganciclovir, phomaherbarine A does not interfere with the reduction of viral replication by ganciclovir and sustains its apoptosis induction. In conclusion, these findings indicate that phomaherbarine A may be a promising candidate for therapeutic intervention in patients with EBV-associated B cell lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Eun Bae
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Won Choi
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Woon Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeri Ku
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Young Sim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang-Hoon Ko
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Sik Jang
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hee Shim
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung-Gyoo Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Nikiforow S, Whangbo JS, Reshef R, Tsai DE, Bunin N, Abu-Arja R, Mahadeo KM, Weng WK, Van Besien K, Loeb D, Nasta SD, Nemecek ER, Zhao W, Sun Y, Galderisi F, Wahlstrom J, Mehta A, Gamelin L, Dinavahi R, Prockop S. Tabelecleucel for EBV+ PTLD after allogeneic HCT or SOT in a multicenter expanded access protocol. Blood Adv 2024; 8:3001-3012. [PMID: 38625984 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023011626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Patients with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease (EBV+ PTLD) in whom initial treatment fails have few options and historically low median overall survival (OS) of 0.7 months after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) and 4.1 months after solid organ transplant (SOT). Tabelecleucel is an off-the-shelf, allogeneic EBV-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte immunotherapy for EBV+ PTLD. Previous single-center experience showed responses in patients with EBV+ PTLD after HCT or SOT. We now report outcomes from a multicenter expanded access protocol in HCT (n = 14) and SOT (n = 12) recipients treated with tabelecleucel for EBV+ PTLD that was relapsed/refractory (R/R) to rituximab with/without chemotherapy. The investigator-assessed objective response rate was 65.4% overall (including 38.5% with a complete and 26.9% with a partial response), 50.0% in HCT, and 83.3% in SOT. The estimated 1- and 2-year OS rates were both 70.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 46.5-84.7) overall, both 61.5% (95% CI, 30.8-81.8) in HCT, and both 81.5% (95% CI, 43.5-95.1) in SOT (median follow-up: 8.2, 2.8, and 22.5 months, respectively). Patients responding to tabelecleucel had higher 1- and 2-year OS rates (94.1%) than nonresponders (0%). Treatment was well tolerated, with no reports of tumor flare, cytokine release syndrome, or rejection of marrow and SOT. Results demonstrate clinically meaningful outcomes across a broad population treated with tabelecleucel, indicating a potentially transformative and accessible treatment advance for R/R EBV+ PTLD after HCT or SOT. This trial was registered at www.ClinicalTrials.gov as #NCT02822495.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Nikiforow
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Jennifer S Whangbo
- VOR Bio, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Ran Reshef
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cell Therapy Program, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Donald E Tsai
- Department of Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Nancy Bunin
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Blood and Marrow Transplant, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Rolla Abu-Arja
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Blood and Marrow Transplant, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Kris Michael Mahadeo
- Division of Pediatric Transplant and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Wen-Kai Weng
- BMT-Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Koen Van Besien
- Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - David Loeb
- Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Sunita Dwivedy Nasta
- Department of Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Eneida R Nemecek
- Pediatric Transplant & Cellular Therapy, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | | | - Yan Sun
- Atara Biotherapeutics, Thousand Oaks, CA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Susan Prockop
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- VOR Bio, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Boston Children's Hospital Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA
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6
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Mazur-Melewska K, Luczak M, Watral J, Małecki P, Mania A, Figlerowicz M. The Impact of Acute EBV Infection on Changes in the Serum Proteome in Children-A Pilot Study. Pathogens 2024; 13:471. [PMID: 38921769 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13060471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the impact of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection on children's proteomes across different phases of the disease, utilising seventy-nine blood samples categorised into three groups: EBV-naive patients, acute infectious mononucleosis (IM) cases, and convalescents followed up for 12 months post-IM. The aim is to identify proteins influenced by EBV infection, shedding light on the chronic processes triggered by the virus. The results reveal thirty-nine proteins distinguishing between naive patients and those with IM, including actin, lumican, peroxiredoxin-2, fibulin-1, gelsolin, and alpha-2-macroglobulin, which are involved in immune responses, cell adhesion, and inflammation. Elevated oxidative stress markers like peroxiredoxin-2 in IM patients suggest potential links to EBV's induction of reactive oxygen species. Increased levels of apolipoproteins A-I, A-IV, C-IV, and M during IM imply associations with viral infection, while complement system proteins (C1q, C1r, and C8 gamma chain) are also elevated, reflecting their role in the immune response and viral clearance. This study's focus on children provides unique insights into EBV's impact on young populations, emphasising proteomics' role in uncovering protein associations and understanding the virus's long-term consequences. However, specific relationships between identified proteins and EBV infection require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Mazur-Melewska
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Child Neurology, Karol Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Poznań, Poland
| | - Magdalena Luczak
- Department of Biomedical Proteomics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 61-704 Poznań, Poland
| | - Joanna Watral
- Department of Biomedical Proteomics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 61-704 Poznań, Poland
| | - Paweł Małecki
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Child Neurology, Karol Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Mania
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Child Neurology, Karol Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Poznań, Poland
| | - Magdalena Figlerowicz
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Child Neurology, Karol Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Poznań, Poland
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7
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Liu J. Global spatiotemporal distributions of lymphoma from 1990 to 2019: A Joinpoint regression analysis based on the global burden of disease study 2019, and projections until 2044. DIALOGUES IN HEALTH 2024; 4:100182. [PMID: 38846580 PMCID: PMC11153881 DOI: 10.1016/j.dialog.2024.100182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Lymphoma is a dissimilar collection of malignant neoplasms arising from the clonal propagation of lymphocytes. It is conventionally classified into two categories: Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The purpose of this study is to analyze the temporal patterns in the incidence of lymphoma worldwide over the past few decades and forecast the future trends from 2020 to 2044. Data on HL and NHL were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. In an effort to estimate the incidence rate trend, the Joinpoint regression analysis model was exploited. What's more, to project the disease burden by 2044, the Bayesian age-period-cohort analysis was employed. In 2019, higher incidence rates were observed in males and the elderly for both subtypes. Over the last three decades, a significant decline in the age-standardized incidence rate of HL was observed, while NHL has shown an increasing trend. By 2044, the age-standardized incidence rate of HL is anticipated to decrease in males and increase in females, while that of NHL is expected to rise. This study presents a new assessment of the spatiotemporal distributions of lymphoma. Significant emphasis should be placed on the effective management and long-term monitoring of patients to mitigate the potential future impact of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Liu
- Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China, Changsha, Hunan, China
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8
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Pipitò L, Murabito A, Cascio A. Two cases of misleading Epstein-Barr virus infection and the role of EBV-DNA. IDCases 2024; 36:e02001. [PMID: 38846027 PMCID: PMC11152966 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2024.e02001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Two atypical cases of infectious mononucleosis in two teenagers with initially negative serology and non-evocative blood examinations are reported. The first patient had recently traveled to Africa, and Epstein-Barr virus negative serology led us to make many extensive investigations. The second patient complained of asthenia for a month, and PET/CT was performed to suspicion of lymphoma. PET scan revealed hypermetabolic lymph nodes in the supradiaphragmatic and subdiaphragmatic stations, along with18F-FDG uptake in the spleen and pharynx, raising more suspicion of lymphoma. Fortunately, Epstein-Barr virus DNA testing was performed and turned positive in both cases, and Epstein-Barr virus serology subsequently became positive. Diagnosing EBV infection can be challenging in rare cases, as EBV-specific serology may be negative in the early stages and confounding factors may be present. Therefore, Epstein-Barr virus DNA testing should be considered early in the diagnostic algorithm to prevent unnecessary investigations in similar cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Pipitò
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties "G D′Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Unit, Sicilian Regional Reference Center for the Fight against AIDS, AOU Policlinico "P. Giaccone", 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Murabito
- Nuclear Medicine, Biomedical Department of Internal and Specialist Medicine, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Cascio
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties "G D′Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Unit, Sicilian Regional Reference Center for the Fight against AIDS, AOU Policlinico "P. Giaccone", 90127 Palermo, Italy
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9
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Müller-Durovic B, Jäger J, Engelmann C, Schuhmachers P, Altermatt S, Schlup Y, Duthaler U, Makowiec C, Unterstab G, Roffeis S, Xhafa E, Assmann N, Trulsson F, Steiner R, Edwards-Hicks J, West J, Turner L, Develioglu L, Ivanek R, Azzi T, Dehio P, Berger C, Kuzmin D, Saboz S, Mautner J, Löliger J, Geigges M, Palianina D, Khanna N, Dirnhofer S, Münz C, Bantug GR, Hess C. A metabolic dependency of EBV can be targeted to hinder B cell transformation. Science 2024:eadk4898. [PMID: 38781354 DOI: 10.1126/science.adk4898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Following infection of B cells, Epstein Barr virus (EBV) engages host pathways that mediate cell proliferation and transformation, contributing to the propensity of the virus to drive immune dysregulation and lymphomagenesis. We found that the EBV protein EBNA2 initiates NAD de novo biosynthesis by driving expression of the metabolic enzyme IDO1 in infected B cells. Virus-enforced NAD production sustained mitochondrial complex I activity, to match ATP-production with bioenergetic requirements of proliferation and transformation. In transplant patients, IDO1 expression in EBV-infected B cells, and a serum signature of increased IDO1 activity, preceded development of lymphoma. In humanized mice infected with EBV, IDO1 inhibition reduced both viremia and lymphomagenesis. Virus-orchestrated NAD biosynthesis is, thus, a druggable metabolic vulnerability of EBV-driven B cell transformation-opening therapeutic possibilities for EBV-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojana Müller-Durovic
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jessica Jäger
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christine Engelmann
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Schuhmachers
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Altermatt
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yannick Schlup
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Urs Duthaler
- Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Celia Makowiec
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gunhild Unterstab
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Roffeis
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Erta Xhafa
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nadine Assmann
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Axolabs GmbH, Kulmbach, Germany
| | - Fredrik Trulsson
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rebekah Steiner
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Joy Edwards-Hicks
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - James West
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lorinda Turner
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Leyla Develioglu
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Robert Ivanek
- Bioinformatics Facility, Department of Biomedicine, University Basel and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tarik Azzi
- Experimental Infectious Diseases and Cancer Research, University Children's Hospital of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Dehio
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Berger
- Experimental Infectious Diseases and Cancer Research, University Children's Hospital of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Dmitry Kuzmin
- Hornet Therapeutics Ltd, London, UK
- Department of Medical Oncology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sophie Saboz
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Josef Mautner
- Department of Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Centre Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jordan Löliger
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marco Geigges
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Darya Palianina
- Laboratory of Infection Biology, Department of Biomedicine, University Basel and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nina Khanna
- Laboratory of Infection Biology, Department of Biomedicine, University Basel and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Dirnhofer
- Pathology, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Münz
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Glenn R Bantug
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Hess
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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10
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Jauhiainen MK, Mohanraj U, Perdomo MF, Hagström J, Haglund C, Mäkitie AA, Söderlund-Venermo M, Sinkkonen ST. Presence of herpesviruses, parvoviruses, and polyomaviruses in sinonasal lymphoma. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2024:10.1007/s00405-024-08702-0. [PMID: 38758242 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-024-08702-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sinonasal lymphoma (SL) is a rare lymphatic neoplasm of the nasal cavities, paranasal sinuses and nasopharynx. Whereas some risk factors for SL subtypes have been identified, their aetiology is unknown. Along with other predisposing factors, the viral association of lymphomas, such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Burkitt and Hodgkin lymphomas, is well-established. Modern molecular biology techniques have enabled the discovery of novel human viruses, exemplified by the protoparvovirus cutavirus (CuV), associated with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. These findings, and the anatomical location of the sinonasal tract with its rich microbiome and infectious agents, justify in-depth studies among SL. METHODS We analysed the presence of 20 viruses of Orthoherpesviridae, Parvoviridae, and Polyomaviridae by qPCR in 24 SL tumours. We performed RNAscope in situ hybridisation (RISH) to localize the viruses. Parvovirus-specific IgG was analysed by enzyme immunoassay and targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) was applied to detect CuV in plasma. RESULTS We detected viral DNA in 15/24 (63%) tumours; nine of EBV, six of human herpesvirus (HHV) -7, four each of HHV-6B and parvovirus B19, two of cytomegalovirus, and one each of CuV and Merkel-cell polyomavirus. We found tumours with up to four viruses per tumour, and localized CuV and EBV DNAs by RISH. Two of the ten plasma samples exhibited CuV IgG, and one plasma sample demonstrated CuV viremia by NGS. CONCLUSION Viruses were frequent findings in SL. The EBV detection rate was high in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and co-detections with other viruses were prevalent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria K Jauhiainen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Head and Neck Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, POB 263, 00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland.
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- The Doctoral Programme in Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Ushanandini Mohanraj
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria F Perdomo
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana Hagström
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Oral Pathology and Radiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Translational Cancer Research Medicine, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Caj Haglund
- Translational Cancer Research Medicine, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Surgery, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti A Mäkitie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Head and Neck Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, POB 263, 00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Söderlund-Venermo
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Saku T Sinkkonen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Head and Neck Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, POB 263, 00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland
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11
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Tralongo P, Bakacs A, Larocca LM. EBV-Related Lymphoproliferative Diseases: A Review in Light of New Classifications. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis 2024; 16:e2024042. [PMID: 38882456 PMCID: PMC11178045 DOI: 10.4084/mjhid.2024.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a prevalent virus that can be detected in the vast majority of the population. Most people are asymptomatic and remain chronically infected throughout their lifetimes. However, in some populations, EBV has been linked to a variety of B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders (LPDs), such as Burkitt lymphoma, classic Hodgkin lymphoma, and other LPDs. T-cell LPDs have been linked to EBV in part of peripheral T-cell lymphomas, angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphomas, extranodal nasal natural killer/T-cell lymphomas, and other uncommon histotypes. This article summarizes the current evidence for EBV-associated LPDs in light of the upcoming World Health Organization classification and the 2022 ICC classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Tralongo
- Division of Anatomic Pathology and Histology - Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli"- IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito, 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Bakacs
- Division of Anatomic Pathology and Histology - Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli"- IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito, 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Maria Larocca
- Division of Anatomic Pathology and Histology - Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli"- IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito, 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
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12
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Incrocci R, Monroy Del Toro R, Devitt G, Salimian M, Braich K, Swanson-Mungerson M. Epstein-Barr Virus Latent Membrane Protein 2A (LMP2A) Enhances ATP Production in B Cell Tumors through mTOR and HIF-1α. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3944. [PMID: 38612754 PMCID: PMC11012313 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) exists in a latent state in 90% of the world's population and is linked to numerous cancers, such as Burkitt's Lymphoma, Hodgkin's, and non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma. One EBV latency protein, latency membrane protein 2A (LMP2A), is expressed in multiple latency phenotypes. LMP2A signaling has been extensively studied and one target of LMP2A is the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Since mTOR has been linked to reprogramming tumor metabolism and increasing levels of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 α (HIF-1α), we hypothesized that LMP2A would increase HIF-1α levels to enhance ATP generation in B lymphoma cell lines. Our data indicate that LMP2A increases ATP generation in multiple Burkitt lymphoma cell lines that were dependent on HIF-1α. Subsequent studies indicate that the addition of the mTOR inhibitor, rapamycin, blocked the LMP2A-dependent increase in HIF-1α. Further studies demonstrate that LMP2A does not increase HIF-1α levels by increasing HIF-1α RNA or STAT3 activation. In contrast, LMP2A and mTOR-dependent increase in HIF-1α required mTOR-dependent phosphorylation of p70 S6 Kinase and 4E-BP1. These findings implicate the importance of LMP2A in promoting B cell lymphoma survival by increasing ATP generation and identifying potential pharmaceutical targets to treat EBV-associated tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Incrocci
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA
| | - Rosalinda Monroy Del Toro
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA
| | - Grace Devitt
- Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA; (G.D.); (M.S.)
| | - Melody Salimian
- Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA; (G.D.); (M.S.)
| | - Kamaljit Braich
- Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA; (G.D.); (M.S.)
| | - Michelle Swanson-Mungerson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA
- Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA; (G.D.); (M.S.)
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13
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Jain A. Medical Jeopardy Quiz: Infections and Cancer. Am J Med 2024; 137:302-303. [PMID: 37774960 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2023.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Jain
- Department of Haematology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, Delhi, India.
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14
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Haghtalab A, Hejazi M, Goharnia N, Yekanlou A, Hazhir K, Barghi A, Bazzaz Z, Allahverdizadeh I, GhalibafSabbaghi A. Investigating the correlation between prominent viruses and hematological malignancies: a literature review. Med Oncol 2024; 41:102. [PMID: 38546893 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-024-02345-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Extensive research has been conducted on the correlation between viral infections and hematological cancers ever since the identification of the Rous Sarcoma Virus as a cancer-causing agent. Numerous viruses, such as the Epstein-Barr virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus, human T-lymphotropic virus 1, and severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2, have been identified as potential contributors to the development and progression of cancer by disrupting normal cellular processes. Different viruses are associated with distinct forms of blood cancers, each exhibiting unique infection mechanisms, pathogenesis, and clinical symptoms. Understanding these connections is crucial for the development of effective prevention and treatment strategies. Healthcare professionals who possess a solid understanding of these associations can offer precise treatments and closely monitor potential complications in individuals with blood cancers and viral infections. By leveraging this information, healthcare providers can optimize patient care and improve outcomes for those affected by both viral infections and hematological cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arian Haghtalab
- Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Milad Hejazi
- Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Naeem Goharnia
- Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Ali Yekanlou
- Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Kousha Hazhir
- Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Asma Barghi
- Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Zahra Bazzaz
- Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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15
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Yeo YY, Qiu H, Bai Y, Zhu B, Chang Y, Yeung J, Michel HA, Wright K, Shaban M, Sadigh S, Nkosi D, Shanmugam V, Rock P, Tung Yiu SP, Cramer P, Paczkowska J, Stephan P, Liao G, Huang AY, Wang H, Chen H, Frauenfeld L, Mitra B, Gewurz BE, Schürch CM, Zhao B, Nolan GP, Zhang B, Shalek AK, Angelo M, Mahmood F, Ma Q, Burack WR, Shipp MA, Rodig SJ, Jiang S. Epstein-Barr Virus Orchestrates Spatial Reorganization and Immunomodulation within the Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma Tumor Microenvironment. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.05.583586. [PMID: 38496566 PMCID: PMC10942289 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.05.583586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma (cHL) is a tumor composed of rare malignant Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells nested within a T-cell rich inflammatory immune infiltrate. cHL is associated with Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) in 25% of cases. The specific contributions of EBV to the pathogenesis of cHL remain largely unknown, in part due to technical barriers in dissecting the tumor microenvironment (TME) in high detail. Herein, we applied multiplexed ion beam imaging (MIBI) spatial pro-teomics on 6 EBV-positive and 14 EBV-negative cHL samples. We identify key TME features that distinguish between EBV-positive and EBV-negative cHL, including the relative predominance of memory CD8 T cells and increased T-cell dysfunction as a function of spatial proximity to HRS cells. Building upon a larger multi-institutional cohort of 22 EBV-positive and 24 EBV-negative cHL samples, we orthogonally validated our findings through a spatial multi-omics approach, coupling whole transcriptome capture with antibody-defined cell types for tu-mor and T-cell populations within the cHL TME. We delineate contrasting transcriptomic immunological signatures between EBV-positive and EBV-negative cases that differently impact HRS cell proliferation, tumor-immune interactions, and mecha-nisms of T-cell dysregulation and dysfunction. Our multi-modal framework enabled a comprehensive dissection of EBV-linked reorganization and immune evasion within the cHL TME, and highlighted the need to elucidate the cellular and molecular fac-tors of virus-associated tumors, with potential for targeted therapeutic strategies.
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16
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Malik S, Biswas J, Sarkar P, Nag S, Gain C, Ghosh Roy S, Bhattacharya B, Ghosh D, Saha A. Differential carbonic anhydrase activities control EBV-induced B-cell transformation and lytic cycle reactivation. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1011998. [PMID: 38530845 PMCID: PMC10997083 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) contributes to ~1% of all human cancers including several B-cell neoplasms. A characteristic feature of EBV life cycle is its ability to transform metabolically quiescent B-lymphocytes into hyperproliferating B-cell blasts with the establishment of viral latency, while intermittent lytic cycle induction is necessary for the production of progeny virus. Our RNA-Seq analyses of both latently infected naïve B-lymphocytes and transformed B-lymphocytes upon lytic cycle replication indicate a contrasting expression pattern of a membrane-associated carbonic anhydrase isoform CA9, an essential component for maintaining cell acid-base homeostasis. We show that while CA9 expression is transcriptionally activated during latent infection model, lytic cycle replication restrains its expression. Pharmacological inhibition of CA-activity using specific inhibitors retards EBV induced B-cell transformation, inhibits B-cells outgrowth and colony formation ability of transformed B-lymphocytes through lowering the intracellular pH, induction of cell apoptosis and facilitating degradation of CA9 transcripts. Reanalyses of ChIP-Seq data along with utilization of EBNA2 knockout virus, ectopic expression of EBNA2 and sh-RNA mediated knockdown of CA9 expression we further demonstrate that EBNA2 mediated CA9 transcriptional activation is essential for EBV latently infected B-cell survival. In contrast, during lytic cycle reactivation CA9 expression is transcriptionally suppressed by the key EBV lytic cycle transactivator, BZLF1 through its transactivation domain. Overall, our study highlights the dynamic alterations of CA9 expression and its activity in regulating pH homeostasis act as one of the major drivers for EBV induced B-cell transformation and subsequent B-cell lymphomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaresh Malik
- Institute of Health Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Joyanta Biswas
- Institute of Health Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Purandar Sarkar
- Institute of Health Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhadeep Nag
- Institute of Health Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Chandrima Gain
- Institute of Health Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Shatadru Ghosh Roy
- Institute of Health Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Bireswar Bhattacharya
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Dipanjan Ghosh
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Abhik Saha
- Institute of Health Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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17
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Zhong Y, Xie J, Chen J, Ping L, Zang S, Zhang Y, Feng Y, Huang Y. Extranodal NK/T-Cell Lymphoma Predominantly Composed of Anaplastic Cells: A Frequently Misdiagnosed and Highly Aggressive Variant. Am J Surg Pathol 2024; 48:174-182. [PMID: 37982454 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000002156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL) is a non-Hodgkin lymphoma associated with the Epstein-Barr virus that primarily affects individuals in East Asia and indigenous populations in Central and South America. Morphologically, ENKTL typically consists of medium-sized cells or a combination of small and large cells. This report presents 10 cases characterized by predominantly anaplastic cells with diffuse expression of CD30, resembling anaplastic lymphoma kinase-negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALK-negative ALCL) and demonstrating highly aggressive behavior. The cohort included 9 males and 1 female, ranging in age from 29 to 65 years (median age: 47 y). Eight patients presented with nasal disease, while 2 had non-nasal disease. Five patients had stage I/II disease, and the remaining 5 had stage III/IV disease. Morphologically, necrosis was observed in 9 cases, angiocentric-angiodestructive growth in 3 cases, and pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia in 2 cases. Anaplastic cells predominated in all cases, with some displaying eccentric, horseshoe-shaped, or kidney-shaped nuclei (referred to as "Hallmark" cells). The morphology profile was monomorphic in 3 cases and polymorphic in 7 cases. Immunohistochemically, all cases tested positive for cytotoxic granule markers (TIA1 and granzymeB) and Epstein-Barr virus-encoded RNA. Cytoplasmic expression of CD3ε and CD56 was observed in 9 of 10 cases. Interestingly, most cases (7 of 8) exhibited variable expression of MuM1, ranging from 10% to 90%. All cases showed diffuse positivity for CD30 but were negative for ALK, resulting in 3 cases being initially misdiagnosed as ALK-negative ALCL. Compared with nonanaplastic cases, anaplastic cells predominant ENKTL had a significantly higher frequency of "B" symptoms, bone marrow involvement, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, and higher Ki67 proliferative index. These findings provide valuable information for pathologists, expanding their understanding of the cytologic spectrum of ENKTL. This rare variant of ENKTL, characterized by the predominance of anaplastic cells and diffuse CD30 expression, exhibits high aggressiveness and should be differentiated from ALK-negative ALCL. Awareness of this uncommon variant is crucial in preventing misdiagnosis and ensuring the timely initiation of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center
| | - Jianlan Xie
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University
| | - Jierong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center
| | - Liqin Ping
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shengbing Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center
| | - Yingchun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center
| | - Yanfen Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center
| | - Yuhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Gansu Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, Chiina
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18
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Mangiaterra T, Alonso-Alonso R, Rabinovich A, De Dios Soler M, Galluzzo L, Soria M, Colli S, De Matteo E, Rodriguez Pinilla SM, Chabay P. Presence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antigens detected by sensitive methods has no influence on local immune environment in diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2024; 73:29. [PMID: 38280007 PMCID: PMC10821829 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03617-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
EBV+ diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) not otherwise specified (NOS) is a new entity confirmed by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2017. In this new entity, the virus may contribute to a tolerogenic microenvironment. Traces of the virus have been described in DLBCL with more sensitive methods, in cases that were originally diagnosed as negative. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of immune response genes in the tumor microenvironment to disclose the role of the virus and its traces in DLBCL. In 48 DLBCL cases, the expression of immune response genes and the presence of molecules that induce tolerance, such as TIM3, LAG3 and PDL1 by immunohistochemistry (IHC), were studied. To broaden the study of the microenvironment, tumor-associated macrophages (TMAs) were also explored. No significant differences were observed in the expression of immune response genes in the EBV+ DLBCL and those cases that were EBV- DLBCL but that exhibited viral traces, assessed by ViewRNA assay. Only the EBV+ DLBCL cases displayed a significantly higher increase in the expression of CD8 and cytotoxic T cells detected by gene expression analysis, and of PDL1 in tumor cells and in the expression of CD68 in the tumor microenvironment detected by IHC, not observed in those cases with viral traces. The increase in CD8 and cytotoxic T cells, PDL1 and CD68 markers only in EBV+ DLBCL may indicate that traces of viral infection might not have influence in immune response markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Mangiaterra
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Pathology Division, Multidisciplinary Institute for Investigation in Pediatric Pathologies (IMIPP), CONICET-GCBA, Ricardo Gutierrez Children's Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - R Alonso-Alonso
- Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Rabinovich
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Pathology Division, Multidisciplinary Institute for Investigation in Pediatric Pathologies (IMIPP), CONICET-GCBA, Ricardo Gutierrez Children's Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M De Dios Soler
- Pathology Division, Marie Curie Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L Galluzzo
- Pathology Division, Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Soria
- Hematology Division, Ricardo Gutierrez Children's Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S Colli
- Pathology Division, Ricardo Gutierrez Children's Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - E De Matteo
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Pathology Division, Multidisciplinary Institute for Investigation in Pediatric Pathologies (IMIPP), CONICET-GCBA, Ricardo Gutierrez Children's Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Pathology Division, Ricardo Gutierrez Children's Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - P Chabay
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Pathology Division, Multidisciplinary Institute for Investigation in Pediatric Pathologies (IMIPP), CONICET-GCBA, Ricardo Gutierrez Children's Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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19
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Cable JM, Reinoso-Vizcaino NM, White RE, Luftig MA. Epstein-Barr virus protein EBNA-LP engages YY1 through leucine-rich motifs to promote naïve B cell transformation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.07.574580. [PMID: 38260266 PMCID: PMC10802455 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.07.574580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) is associated with numerous cancers including B cell lymphomas. In vitro, EBV transforms primary B cells into immortalized Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines (LCLs) which serves as a model to study the role of viral proteins in EBV malignancies. EBV induced cellular transformation is driven by viral proteins including EBV-Nuclear Antigens (EBNAs). EBNA-LP is important for the transformation of naïve but not memory B cells. While EBNA-LP was thought to promote gene activation by EBNA2, EBNA-LP Knock Out (LPKO) virus-infected cells express EBNA2-activated genes efficiently. Therefore, a gap in knowledge exists as to what roles EBNA-LP plays in naïve B cell transformation. We developed a trans-complementation assay wherein transfection with wild-type EBNA-LP rescues the transformation of peripheral blood- and cord blood-derived naïve B cells by LPKO virus. Despite EBNA-LP phosphorylation sites being important in EBNA2 co-activation; neither phospho-mutant nor phospho-mimetic EBNA-LP was defective in rescuing naïve B cell outgrowth. However, we identified conserved leucine-rich motifs in EBNA-LP that were required for transformation of adult naïve and cord blood B cells. Because cellular PPAR-γ coactivator (PGC) proteins use leucine-rich motifs to engage transcription factors including YY1, a key regulator of DNA looping and metabolism, we examined the role of EBNA-LP in engaging cellular transcription factors. We found a significant overlap between EBNA-LP and YY1 in ChIP-Seq data and confirmed their biochemical association in LCLs by endogenous co-immunoprecipitation. Moreover, we found that the EBNA-LP leucine-rich motifs were required for YY1 interaction in LCLs. Finally, we used Cas9 to knockout YY1 in primary total B cells and naïve B cells prior to EBV infection and found YY1 to be essential for EBV-mediated transformation. We propose that EBNA-LP engages YY1 through conserved leucine-rich motifs to promote EBV transformation of naïve B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana M Cable
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Nicolás M Reinoso-Vizcaino
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Robert E. White
- Section of Virology, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Micah A Luftig
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
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20
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Yu J, Jin S, Yin X, Du H. Expression of the immune checkpoint molecules PD‑L1 and PD‑1 in EBV‑associated lymphoproliferative disorders: A meta‑analysis. Exp Ther Med 2024; 27:7. [PMID: 38223325 PMCID: PMC10785044 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been implicated in the development of a wide range of lymphoproliferative disorders. In this process, the role of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) has remained to be clarified. A meta-analysis of 20 studies was performed and risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to evaluate the association between PD-L1/PD-1 expression and the status of EBV infection. The results showed that the expression level of PD-L1 in tumor cells was significantly higher in EBV+ cases with a pooled RR of 2.26 (95% CI, 1.63-3.14; P<0.01), particularly in subtypes of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and classical Hodgkin lymphoma. Similarly, EBV infection increased the expression of PD-L1 in immune cells with a pooled RR of 2.20 (95% CI, 1.55-3.12; P<0.01). In subtypes of DLBCL and post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder, the expression of PD-L1 in immune cells is increased in EBV+ cases. Regarding the expression level of PD-1 in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), no significance was found between EBV infection and PD-1 expression, with a pooled RR of 1.10 (95% CI, 0.81-1.48; P>0.05). The present meta-analysis demonstrated that in EBV-associated lymphoproliferative disorders, EBV infection was associated with the expression level of PD-L1 in tumor cells and immune cells but was not associated with the expression of PD-1 in TILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyao Yu
- Department of Hematology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Shenhe Jin
- Department of Hematology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Xiufeng Yin
- Department of Hematology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Huaping Du
- Department of Hematology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
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21
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Zhang M, Tan H, Gong Y, Faleti OD, Li D, Yang J, Huang J, Long J, Luo Q, Wu G, Zheng L, Lyu X. TRIM26 restricts Epstein-Barr virus infection in nasopharyngeal epithelial cells through K48-linked ubiquitination of HSP-90β. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23345. [PMID: 38038978 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300929rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The tripartite interaction motif (TRIM) family of proteins is known for their antiviral activity through different mechanisms, such as interfering with viral components, regulating immune responses, and participating in autophagy-mediated defense pathways. In this study, we investigated the role of tripartite interaction motif 26 (TRIM26), which is encoded by a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) gene, in regulating Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection of nasopharyngeal epithelial cells. We found that TRIM26 expression was induced upon EBV infection and that it indirectly targeted EphA2, a crucial epithelial receptor for EBV entry. Our results showed that TRIM26 interacted with heat shock protein 90-beta (HSP-90β) and promoted its polyubiquitination, which led to its degradation via the proteasome pathway. This, in turn, affected EphA2 integrity and suppressed EBV infection. These findings suggest that TRIM26 could be a valuable target for developing therapeutic interventions against EBV infection and its associated pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjiao Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiqi Tan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yibing Gong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Oluwasijibomi Damola Faleti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dengke Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunotherapy, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinlong Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingyi Long
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingshuang Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gongfa Wu
- Department of pathology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Lyu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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22
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Krishnan D, Babu S, Raju R, Veettil MV, Prasad TSK, Abhinand CS. Epstein-Barr Virus: Human Interactome Reveals New Molecular Insights into Viral Pathogenesis for Potential Therapeutics and Antiviral Drug Discovery. OMICS : A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2024; 28:32-44. [PMID: 38190109 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2023.0241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Host-virus Protein-Protein Interactions (PPIs) play pivotal roles in biological processes crucial for viral pathogenesis and by extension, inform antiviral drug discovery and therapeutics innovations. Despite efforts to develop the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-host PPI network, there remain significant knowledge gaps and a limited number of interacting human proteins deciphered. Furthermore, understanding the dynamics of the EBV-host PPI network in the distinct lytic and latent viral stages remains elusive. In this study, we report a comprehensive map of the EBV-human protein interactions, encompassing 1752 human and 61 EBV proteins by integrating data from the public repository HPIDB (v3.0) as well as curated high-throughput proteomic data from the literature. To address the stage-specific nature of EBV infection, we generated two detailed subset networks representing the latent and lytic stages, comprising 747 and 481 human proteins, respectively. Functional and pathway enrichment analysis of these subsets uncovered the profound impact of EBV proteins on cancer. The identification of highly connected proteins and the characterization of intrinsically disordered and cancer-related proteins provide valuable insights into potential therapeutic targets. Moreover, the exploration of drug-protein interactions revealed notable associations between hub proteins and anticancer drugs, offering novel perspectives for controlling EBV pathogenesis. This study represents, to the best of our knowledge, the first comprehensive investigation of the two distinct stages of EBV infection using high-throughput datasets. This makes a contribution to our understanding of EBV-host interactions and provides a foundation for future drug discovery and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Krishnan
- Centre for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine (CSBMM), Yenepoya Research Centre (YRC), Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Sreeranjini Babu
- Centre for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine (CSBMM), Yenepoya Research Centre (YRC), Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Rajesh Raju
- Centre for Integrative Omics Data Science (CIODS), Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | | | | | - Chandran S Abhinand
- Centre for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine (CSBMM), Yenepoya Research Centre (YRC), Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
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23
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Sausen DG, Poirier MC, Spiers LM, Smith EN. Mechanisms of T cell evasion by Epstein-Barr virus and implications for tumor survival. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1289313. [PMID: 38179040 PMCID: PMC10764432 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1289313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a prevalent oncogenic virus estimated to infect greater than 90% of the world's population. Following initial infection, it establishes latency in host B cells. EBV has developed a multitude of techniques to avoid detection by the host immune system and establish lifelong infection. T cells, as important contributors to cell-mediated immunity, make an attractive target for these immunoevasive strategies. Indeed, EBV has evolved numerous mechanisms to modulate T cell responses. For example, it can augment expression of programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1), which inhibits T cell function, and downregulates the interferon response, which has a strong impact on T cell regulation. It also modulates interleukin secretion and can influence major histocompatibility complex (MHC) expression and presentation. In addition to facilitating persistent EBV infection, these immunoregulatory mechanisms have significant implications for evasion of the immune response by tumor cells. This review dissects the mechanisms through which EBV avoids detection by host T cells and discusses how these mechanisms play into tumor survival. It concludes with an overview of cancer treatments targeting T cells in the setting of EBV-associated malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. G. Sausen
- School of Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States
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24
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Luo S, Wang X, Ren X, Cheng Y, Guo L, Yan P, Lv J, Su X, Shen J, Zhao K, Sun K, Chen J, Wang R. A case of TM infection with challenging differential diagnosis from lymphoma post-renal transplant. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:888. [PMID: 38114917 PMCID: PMC10729359 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08912-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lymphomas involving the gastrointestinal tract may be manifested as anti-inflammatory tract bleeding, abdominal lymph node enlargement, or even perforation of the gastrointestinal tract. After organ transplantation, the likelihood of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders increases, and some rare infections may also appear. CASE PRESENTATION Herein, we report a living transplant patient with talaromycosis marneffei (TSM) or Talaromyces marneffei (TM) infection with gastrointestinal hemorrhage and systemic lymph node enlargement, which presented clinically as lymphoma. CONCLUSION This case is TSM in a kidney transplant patient, confirmed by lymph node biopsy and blood culture. The patient discharged from hospital successfully under the treatment of antifungal therapy and immunosuppressive therapy. Physicians should be aware that TSM can mimic lymphoma, and early diagnosis and treatment can benefit the outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulin Luo
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- National Key Clinical Department of Kidney Diseases, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xingxia Wang
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, 903rd Hospital of PLA, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xue Ren
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yamei Cheng
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- National Key Clinical Department of Kidney Diseases, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, China
| | - Luying Guo
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- National Key Clinical Department of Kidney Diseases, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pengpeng Yan
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- National Key Clinical Department of Kidney Diseases, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junhao Lv
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- National Key Clinical Department of Kidney Diseases, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinhui Su
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, PET Centre, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia Shen
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- National Key Clinical Department of Kidney Diseases, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kui Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, PET Centre, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ke Sun
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianghua Chen
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- National Key Clinical Department of Kidney Diseases, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rending Wang
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
- National Key Clinical Department of Kidney Diseases, Hangzhou, China.
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, China.
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25
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Tuchinsky A, Montalvo A, Lent D, Goldman J. Acute myositis secondary to Epstein-Barr virus in the absence of infectious mononucleosis with severe rhabdomyolysis. BMJ Case Rep 2023; 16:e256313. [PMID: 38103909 PMCID: PMC10728920 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2023-256313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
SummaryRhabdomyolysis is characterised by muscle breakdown which causes myoglobin light chain release and can result in renal injury. While some of the most common causes of rhabdomyolysis are trauma related, others include toxins, autoimmune processes or viral aetiologies. We present the case of a 20s-year-old man, with no significant medical history, who presented to the emergency department with a 1-week history of weakness, myalgias, nausea, vomiting and subjective fevers. A review of systems and physical exam were otherwise unremarkable, including being negative for sore throat, dysphagia and lymphadenopathy. On presentation, the patient was noted to have dark urine with a creatine kinase value of 452 458 U/L and an elevated creatinine at 7.23 mg/dL. The patient denied any trauma or increased physical activity. His toxin screen and autoimmune workup were negative. The patient's serological workup was significant for acute Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, without additional viral coinfection or mononucleosis. During his hospitalisation course, the patient was managed with supportive care including haemodialysis. The patient made a full renal recovery and was discharged with scheduled outpatient follow-up. This case highlights the recognition of an acute EBV infection causing rhabdomyolysis in the absence of mononucleosis or concomitant infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Tuchinsky
- Internal Medicine, UPMC-Lititz, Lititz, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Dale Lent
- Internal Medicine, UPMC-Lititz, Lititz, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John Goldman
- Division of Infectious Disease, UPMC-Harrisburg, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, USA
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26
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Leyh C, Roderburg C, Luedde T, Loosen SH, Kostev K. Herpes zoster is not associated with subsequent gastrointestinal cancer: data from over 200,000 outpatients in Germany. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:17115-17121. [PMID: 37759134 PMCID: PMC10657323 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05432-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are an increasing global health challenge. Viral diseases play an important role in the development of GI cancers. For example, Epstein-Barr virus, which belongs to the human herpesvirus family, is a well-recognized risk factor for the development of gastric cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate a possible association between varicella-zoster virus reactivation and subsequent diagnosis of GI cancer. METHODS In this retrospective cohort study, a total of 103,123 patients with a first diagnosis of herpes zoster (HZ) between 2005 and 2021 were propensity score matched to a cohort of 103,123 patients without HZ. Patient data was extracted from the Disease Analyzer database (IQVIA). The incidence of GI cancer was compared as a function of HZ. Cox regression analysis was used to examine the association between HZ and GI cancer. RESULTS Over a follow-up period of up to 10 years, the incidence of GI cancer did not differ between the two cohorts (HZ cohort 2.26 cases per 1000 patient-years vs. non-HZ cohort 2.37 cases per 1000 patient-years, p = 0.548). In regression analysis, HZ was not associated with an increased risk of developing GI cancer (HR: 0.97; 95% CI 0.89-1.05). Furthermore, no significant effect of the presence of HZ on the incidence of different GI cancer entities was found. CONCLUSION In this retrospective cohort study consisting of well-matched patients, we observed no significant association between a HZ infection and the development of GI cancer during a long-term follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Leyh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology, Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christoph Roderburg
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- Center for Integrated Oncology, Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Tom Luedde
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology, Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sven H Loosen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- Center for Integrated Oncology, Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Düsseldorf, Germany.
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27
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Hooper MJ, Lee WJ, LeWitt TM, Nguyen C, Griffin T, Chung C, Zhou XA, Guitart J. Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Lymphomatoid Papules: A Sign of Immunosuppression Resembling Lymphomatoid Papulosis. Am J Dermatopathol 2023; 45:789-800. [PMID: 37982462 PMCID: PMC10662656 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000002479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive lymphoproliferative disorders associated with immunodeficiency constitute a spectrum of lymphoid and plasma cell proliferations that vary in cytomorphology, immunophenotype, and clinical behavior. CD30-positive cutaneous lymphocytic infiltrates with EBV expression and lymphomatoid papulosis-like presentations have been rarely reported. This retrospective study assessed the clinical and histopathological characteristics of EBV-positive cases with papulonodular morphologies and CD30 positivity seen by Northwestern Medicine Dermatopathology. Twelve patients (7M:5F, mean age 69 years) were presented with papular cutaneous lesions without antecedent patch/plaque disease. Nine cases were associated with known immunosuppression in the setting of transplant-related therapies (n = 4), hematopoietic malignancy (n = 2), post-transplant hematopoietic malignancy (n = 1), and autoimmune disease treatment (n = 2). Two patients had age-related immunosenescence. Four patients demonstrated EBV viremia; for 2 patients, this finding comprised the first sign of immunosuppression. Workup was negative for systemic lymphoma in all patients. Various treatment strategies were used, including observation (n = 3), discontinuation/reduction of immunosuppression (n = 3), rituximab (n = 4), and steroids (n = 4). At mean 30-month follow-up, 4 patients (33.3%) were alive, 3 with and 1 without disease. Eight patients (67.6%) had died, 3 after lesional resolution and 5 with recurrent disease. Biopsies revealed mixed lymphoid infiltrates composed of atypical CD30-positive T cells (n = 5) or B cells (n = 7) with variable EBV-encoded small RNA expression. These cases suggest clinicopathologic presentations resembling lymphomatoid papulosis with atypical, large CD30-positive, EBV-positive cells could comprise first sign of potentially serious immunodeficiency and should prompt evaluation for EBV viremia. These cases also broaden the current picture of immunodeficiency-associated lymphoproliferative disorders to include lymphomatoid papulosis-like clinical presentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline J Hooper
- Resident Physician, Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Woo Jin Lee
- Assistant Professor, Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tessa M LeWitt
- Resident Physician, Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Cuong Nguyen
- Assistant Professor, Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Teresa Griffin
- Visiting Predoctoral Research Fellow, Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; and
| | - Christopher Chung
- Resident Physician, Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Xiaolong A Zhou
- Assistant Professor, Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Joan Guitart
- Professor, Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
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28
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Peuchmaur M, Voisin J, Vaillant M, Truffot A, Lupo J, Morand P, Le Maréchal M, Germi R. Epstein-Barr Virus Encephalitis: A Review of Case Reports from the Last 25 Years. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2825. [PMID: 38137968 PMCID: PMC10745555 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Although uncommon, Epstein-Barr virus-related neurological disorders represent the seventh most frequent cause of infectious encephalitis in adults. The limited number of publications on EBV encephalitis mainly document isolated clinical cases. This study aimed to summarize published data on EBV encephalitis. A systematic literature search identified 97 EBV encephalitis cases. In the selected cases, EBV-related neurological disorders manifested as lymphocytic pleocytosis in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with moderate hyperproteinorachia. The EBV PCR test was positive in 87% of the CSF samples, with wide-ranging viral loads. When encephalitis occurred in the context of past EBV infections, all of the EBV PCR tests on CSF samples were positive. On the contrary, negative EBV PCR tests on CSF samples occurred only in the context of primary infections. EBV PCR was rarely carried out on blood samples, contributing minimally to the diagnosis. For the treatment of EBV encephalitis, Aciclovir was used alone in 29% of cases, and in association with other drugs in 40% of cases. Ganciclovir (30%), corticoids (52%), and immunoglobulins (15%) were mainly used in association with other drugs. Cerebral imaging was abnormal in 69% of cases, mostly in the cerebellum and basal ganglia. This work highlights that the EBV PCR test on CSF samples is currently the main laboratory diagnostic test to diagnose EBV encephalitis. This diagnostic test is useful; however, it is imperfect. New complementary diagnostic tools, approved treatments, and standardized practices could improve patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joris Voisin
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG IBS, 38000 Grenoble, France; (J.V.); (A.T.); (J.L.); (P.M.)
| | - Mathieu Vaillant
- University Grenoble Alpes, Service de Neurologie, CHU Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France;
| | - Aurélie Truffot
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG IBS, 38000 Grenoble, France; (J.V.); (A.T.); (J.L.); (P.M.)
| | - Julien Lupo
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG IBS, 38000 Grenoble, France; (J.V.); (A.T.); (J.L.); (P.M.)
| | - Patrice Morand
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG IBS, 38000 Grenoble, France; (J.V.); (A.T.); (J.L.); (P.M.)
| | - Marion Le Maréchal
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, GIN, 38000 Grenoble, France;
| | - Raphaele Germi
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG IBS, 38000 Grenoble, France; (J.V.); (A.T.); (J.L.); (P.M.)
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29
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Kolijn PM, Langerak AW. Immune dysregulation as a leading principle for lymphoma development in diverse immunological backgrounds. Immunol Lett 2023; 263:46-59. [PMID: 37774986 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2023.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Lymphoma is a heterogeneous group of malignancies arising from lymphocytes, which poses a significant challenge in terms of diagnosis and treatment due to its diverse subtypes and underlying mechanisms. This review aims to explore the shared and distinct features of various forms of lymphoma predisposing conditions, with a focus on genetic, immunological and molecular aspects. While diseases such as autoimmune disorders, inborn errors of immunity and iatrogenic immunodeficiencies are biologically and immunologically distinct, each of these diseases results in profound immune dysregulation and a predisposition to lymphoma development. Interestingly, the increased risk is often skewed towards a particular subtype of lymphoma. Patients with inborn errors of immunity in particular present with extreme forms of lymphoma predisposition, providing a unique opportunity to study the underlying mechanisms. External factors such as chronic infections and environmental exposures further modulate the risk of lymphoma development. Common features of conditions predisposing to lymphoma include: persistent inflammation, recurrent DNA damage or malfunctioning DNA repair, impaired tumor surveillance and viral clearance, and dysregulation of fundamental cellular processes such as activation, proliferation and apoptosis. Our growing understanding of the underlying mechanisms of lymphomagenesis provides opportunities for early detection, prevention and tailored treatment of lymphoma development.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Martijn Kolijn
- Laboratory Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anton W Langerak
- Laboratory Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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Haverkos B, Alpdogan O, Baiocchi R, Brammer JE, Feldman TA, Capra M, Brem EA, Nair S, Scheinberg P, Pereira J, Shune L, Joffe E, Young P, Spruill S, Katkov A, McRae R, Royston I, Faller DV, Rojkjaer L, Porcu P. Targeted therapy with nanatinostat and valganciclovir in recurrent EBV-positive lymphoid malignancies: a phase 1b/2 study. Blood Adv 2023; 7:6339-6350. [PMID: 37530631 PMCID: PMC10587711 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023010330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphomas are not infrequently associated with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and EBV positivity is linked to worse outcomes in several subtypes. Nanatinostat is a class-I selective oral histone deacetylase inhibitor that induces the expression of lytic EBV BGLF4 protein kinase in EBV+ tumor cells, activating ganciclovir via phosphorylation, resulting in tumor cell apoptosis. This phase 1b/2 study investigated the combination of nanatinostat with valganciclovir in patients aged ≥18 years with EBV+ lymphomas relapsed/refractory to ≥1 prior systemic therapy with no viable curative treatment options. In the phase 1b part, 25 patients were enrolled into 5 dose escalation cohorts to determine the recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) for phase 2 expansion. Phase 2 patients (n = 30) received RP2D (nanatinostat 20 mg daily, 4 days per week with valganciclovir 900 mg orally daily) for 28-day cycles. The primary end points were safety, RP2D determination (phase 1b), and overall response rate (ORR; phase 2). Overall, 55 patients were enrolled (B-non-Hodgkin lymphoma [B-NHL], [n = 10]; angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma-NHL, [n = 21]; classical Hodgkin lymphoma, [n = 11]; and immunodeficiency-associated lymphoproliferative disorders, [n = 13]). The ORR was 40% in 43 evaluable patients (complete response rate [CRR], 19% [n = 8]) with a median duration of response of 10.4 months. For angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma-NHL (n = 15; all refractory to the last prior therapy), the ORR/CRR ratio was 60%/27%. The most common adverse events were nausea (38% any grade) and cytopenia (grade 3/4 neutropenia [29%], thrombocytopenia [20%], and anemia [20%]). This novel oral regimen provided encouraging efficacy across several EBV+ lymphoma subtypes and warrants further evaluation; a confirmatory phase 2 study (NCT05011058) is underway. This phase 1b/2 study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT03397706.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Onder Alpdogan
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Hematopoetic Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Robert Baiocchi
- The Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | | | - Tatyana A. Feldman
- John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ
| | - Marcelo Capra
- Centro Integrado de Hematologia e Oncologia - Hospital Mãe de Deus, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth A. Brem
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Deptartment of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA
| | - Santosh Nair
- Mid Florida Hematology and Oncology Center, Orange City, FL
| | - Phillip Scheinberg
- Division of Hematology, Hospital A Beneficência Portuguesa, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Pereira
- Division of Hematology, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leyla Shune
- University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Erel Joffe
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Pierluigi Porcu
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Hematopoetic Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA
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31
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Li J, Xiao Z, Wang D, Jia L, Nie S, Zeng X, Hu W. The screening, identification, design and clinical application of tumor-specific neoantigens for TCR-T cells. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:141. [PMID: 37649123 PMCID: PMC10466891 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01844-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in neoantigen research have accelerated the development of tumor immunotherapies, including adoptive cell therapies (ACTs), cancer vaccines and antibody-based therapies, particularly for solid tumors. With the development of next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics technology, the rapid identification and prediction of tumor-specific antigens (TSAs) has become possible. Compared with tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), highly immunogenic TSAs provide new targets for personalized tumor immunotherapy and can be used as prospective indicators for predicting tumor patient survival, prognosis, and immune checkpoint blockade response. Here, the identification and characterization of neoantigens and the clinical application of neoantigen-based TCR-T immunotherapy strategies are summarized, and the current status, inherent challenges, and clinical translational potential of these strategies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangping Li
- Division of Thoracic Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhiwen Xiao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, People's Republic of China
| | - Donghui Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Jia
- International Health Medicine Innovation Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Shihong Nie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Cancer Center, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingda Zeng
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, People's Republic of China
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32
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Xia W, Liu L, Shi N, Zhang C, Tang A, He G. Epstein Barr virus infection in tree shrews alters the composition of gut microbiota and metabolome profile. Virol J 2023; 20:177. [PMID: 37553712 PMCID: PMC10410904 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02147-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is a major global threat; its manifestations range from the absence of symptoms to multiorgan malignancies and various gastrointestinal diseases. Analyzing the composition and metabolomic profile of gut microbiota during acute EBV infection might be instrumental in understanding and controlling EBV. METHODS Six tree shrews were inoculated with EBV by intravenous injection. Blood was collected at regular intervals thereafter from the femoral vein to detect EBV and inflammatory biomarker. At the same time, tree shrew faeces were collected for 16 S rRNA gene sequencing and Non-targeted metabolomics analysis. RESULTS 16 S rRNA gene characterization along with β diversity analysis exhibited remarkable alterations in gut microflora structure with a peak at 7 days post-infection(dpi). Some alterations in the relative richness of bacterial taxon were linked to infectious indicators. Of note, Butyricicoccus relative richness was positively linked to EBV presence in the blood and plasma, the opposite correlation was seen with Variovorax and Paramuribaculum. Non-targeted metabolomics indicated the fecal metabolome profile altered during EBV infection, particularly 7 dpi. The relative abundance of geranic acid and undecylenic acid in stool samples was positively linked to systemic inflammatory biomarkers, and an inverse relationship was reported with the estrone glucuronide, linoleic acid, protoporphyrin IX and tyramine. CONCLUSION Collectively, EBV infection in this model correlated with changes in the composition and metabolome profile of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xia
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Gaungxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Gaungxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Nan Shi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Gaungxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Chaoyin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Gaungxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Anzhou Tang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Gaungxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
| | - Guangyao He
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Gaungxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
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Lee M, Abousaud A, Harkins RA, Marin E, Balasubramani D, Churnetski MC, Peker D, Singh A, Koff JL. Important Considerations in the Diagnosis and Management of Post-transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder. Curr Oncol Rep 2023; 25:883-895. [PMID: 37162742 PMCID: PMC10390257 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-023-01418-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW A relative lack of molecular and clinical studies compared to other lymphoid cancers has historically made it difficult to determine optimal management approaches in post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD). We sought to better define the "state of the science" in PTLD by examining recent advances in risk assessment, genomic profiling, and trials of PTLD-directed therapy. RECENT FINDINGS Several major clinical trials highlight risk-stratified sequential therapy incorporating rituximab with or without chemotherapy as a rational treatment strategy in patients with CD20+ PTLD who do not respond to reduction of immunosuppression alone. Epstein Barr virus (EBV)-targeted cytotoxic lymphocytes are a promising approach in patients with relapsed/refractory EBV+ PTLD, but dedicated clinical trials should determine how autologous chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy (CAR-T) may be safely administered to PTLD patients. Sequencing studies underscore the important effect of EBV infection on PTLD pathogenesis, but comprehensive genomic and tumor microenvironment profiling are needed to identify biomarkers that predict response to treatment in this clinically heterogeneous disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aseala Abousaud
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Ellen Marin
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Michael C Churnetski
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Deniz Peker
- Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ankur Singh
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jean L Koff
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Soo Hoo WI, Higa K, McCormick AA. Vaccination against Epstein-Barr Latent Membrane Protein 1 Protects against an Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated B Cell Model of Lymphoma. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:983. [PMID: 37508413 PMCID: PMC10376452 DOI: 10.3390/biology12070983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrate that expression of viral latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) in a mouse B cell line renders the animals responsive to protection from a 38C13-LMP1 tumor challenge with a novel vaccine. The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) preferentially infects circulating B lymphocytes, has oncogenic potential, and is associated with a wide variety of B cell lymphomas. EBV is ectotrophic to human cells, and currently there are no B cell animal models of EBV-associated lymphoma that can be used to investigate vaccine immunotherapy. Since most EBV-infected human tumor cells express latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) on their surface, this viral antigen was tested as a potential target for an anticancer vaccine in a mouse model. Here, we describe a new mouse model of LMP1-expressing B cell lymphoma produced with plasmid transduction of 38C13 into mouse B cells. The expression of LMP-1 was confirmed with a western blot analysis and immunocytochemistry. We then designed a novel LMP1 vaccine, by fusing viral antigen LMP1 surface loop epitopes to the surface of a viral antigen carrier, the Tobacco Mosaic virus (TMV). Vaccinated mice produced high titer antibodies against the TMV-LMP1 vaccine; however, cellular responses were at the baseline, as measured with IFNγ ELISpot. Despite this, the vaccine showed significant protection from a 38C13-LMP1 tumor challenge. To provide additional immune targets, we compared TMV-LMP1 peptide immunization with DNA immunization with the full-length LMP1 gene. Anti-LMP1 antibodies were significantly higher in TMV-LMP1-vaccinated mice compared to the DNA-immunized mice, but, as predicted, DNA-vaccinated mice had improved cellular responses using IFNγ ELISpot. Surprisingly, the TMV-LMP1 vaccine provided protection from a 38C13-LMP1 tumor challenge, while the DNA vaccine did not. Thus, we demonstrated that LMP1 expression in a mouse B cell line is responsive to antibody immunotherapy that may be applied to EBV-associated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley I Soo Hoo
- College of Pharmacy, Touro University California, 1310 Club Drive, Mare Island, Vallejo, CA 94592, USA
| | - Kaylie Higa
- College of Pharmacy, Touro University California, 1310 Club Drive, Mare Island, Vallejo, CA 94592, USA
| | - Alison A McCormick
- College of Pharmacy, Touro University California, 1310 Club Drive, Mare Island, Vallejo, CA 94592, USA
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Yiu SPT, Zerbe C, Vanderwall D, Huttlin EL, Weekes MP, Gewurz BE. An Epstein-Barr virus protein interaction map reveals NLRP3 inflammasome evasion via MAVS UFMylation. Mol Cell 2023; 83:2367-2386.e15. [PMID: 37311461 PMCID: PMC10372749 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) causes infectious mononucleosis, triggers multiple sclerosis, and is associated with 200,000 cancers/year. EBV colonizes the human B cell compartment and periodically reactivates, inducing expression of 80 viral proteins. However, much remains unknown about how EBV remodels host cells and dismantles key antiviral responses. We therefore created a map of EBV-host and EBV-EBV interactions in B cells undergoing EBV replication, uncovering conserved herpesvirus versus EBV-specific host cell targets. The EBV-encoded G-protein-coupled receptor BILF1 associated with MAVS and the UFM1 E3 ligase UFL1. Although UFMylation of 14-3-3 proteins drives RIG-I/MAVS signaling, BILF1-directed MAVS UFMylation instead triggered MAVS packaging into mitochondrial-derived vesicles and lysosomal proteolysis. In the absence of BILF1, EBV replication activated the NLRP3 inflammasome, which impaired viral replication and triggered pyroptosis. Our results provide a viral protein interaction network resource, reveal a UFM1-dependent pathway for selective degradation of mitochondrial cargo, and highlight BILF1 as a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Pei Tung Yiu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Graduate Program in Virology, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Center for Integrated Solutions to Infectious Diseases, Broad Institute and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02115, USA; Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Cassie Zerbe
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - David Vanderwall
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Edward L Huttlin
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael P Weekes
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.
| | - Benjamin E Gewurz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Graduate Program in Virology, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Center for Integrated Solutions to Infectious Diseases, Broad Institute and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02115, USA; Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Upadhyay A, Shekhar S, Pandey V, Prakash A, Saha K. Synchronous Adenocarcinoma Stomach With Marginal Zone Lymphoma: A Sporadic Occurrence and Review of Literature. Cureus 2023; 15:e41631. [PMID: 37565106 PMCID: PMC10410680 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.41631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Synchronous adenocarcinoma of the stomach with lymphoma is extremely rare. We report a case of a 65-year-old male patient with synchronous adenocarcinoma of the stomach with nodal marginal zone lymphoma. Initial endoscopic biopsy suggested invasive moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma and a locoregional disease, per contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) scans. The patient was started on neo-adjuvant chemotherapy with the 5FU, leucovorin, oxaliplatin, docetaxel (FLOT) regime and, after response evaluation, underwent radical gastrectomy. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry suggested synchronous adenocarcinoma of the stomach with marginal zone lymphoma in perigastric lymph nodes. This case is probably the first such synchronous malignancy case reported from India. The prognosis of multiple primary malignancies is usually poor because no standard guidelines are available regarding optimum treatment and sequencing of available treatment modalities. The frequency of synchronous primary cancers has been increasing in recent years, probably due to better diagnostic modalities, and second primary in patients with cancer should be considered as one of the differential diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shashank Shekhar
- Medical Oncology, Meherbai Tata Memorial Hospital, Jamshedpur, IND
| | - Vanita Pandey
- Pathology, Meherbai Tata Memorial Hospital, Jamshedpur, IND
| | | | - Kaushik Saha
- Specialist, Pathology, Tata Main Hospital, Jamshedpur, IND
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37
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Vietzen H, Staber PB, Berger SM, Furlano PL, Kühner LM, Lubowitzki S, Pichler A, Strassl R, Cornelissen JJ, Puchhammer-Stöckl E. Inhibitory NKG2A + and absent activating NKG2C + NK cell responses are associated with the development of EBV + lymphomas. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1183788. [PMID: 37426645 PMCID: PMC10324562 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1183788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous herpesvirus, which infects over 90% of the adult human population worldwide. After primary infections, EBV is recurrently reactivating in most adult individuals. It is, however, unclear, why these EBV reactivations progress to EBV+ Hodgkin (EBV+HL) or non-Hodgkin lymphomas (EBV+nHL) only in a minority of EBV-infected individuals. The EBV LMP-1 protein encodes for a highly polymorphic peptide, which upregulates the immunomodulatory HLA-E in EBV-infected cells, thereby stimulating the inhibitory NKG2A-, but also the activating NKG2C-receptor on natural killer (NK) cells. Using a genetic-association approach and functional NK cell analyses, we now investigated, whether these HLA-E-restricted immune responses impact the development of EBV+HL and EBV+nHL. Therefore, we recruited a study cohort of 63 EBV+HL and EBV+nHL patients and 192 controls with confirmed EBV reactivations, but without lymphomas. Here, we demonstrate that in EBV+ lymphoma patients exclusively the high-affine LMP-1 GGDPHLPTL peptide variant-encoding EBV-strains reactivate. In EBV+HL and EBV+nHL patients, the high-expressing HLA-E*0103/0103 genetic variant was significantly overrepresented. Combined, the LMP-1 GGDPHLPTL and HLA-E*0103/0103 variants efficiently inhibited NKG2A+ NK cells, thereby facilitating the in vitro spread of EBV-infected tumor cells. In addition, EBV+HL and EBV+nHL patients, showed impaired pro-inflammatory NKG2C+ NK cell responses, which accelerated the in vitro EBV-infected tumor cells spread. In contrast, the blocking of NKG2A by monoclonal antibodies (Monalizumab) resulted in efficient control of EBV-infected tumor cell growth, especially by NKG2A+NKG2C+ NK cells. Thus, the HLA-E/LMP-1/NKG2A pathway and individual NKG2C+ NK cell responses are associated with the progression toward EBV+ lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Vietzen
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp B. Staber
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sarah M. Berger
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Laura M. Kühner
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Simone Lubowitzki
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Pichler
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Strassl
- Division of Clinical Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jan J. Cornelissen
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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38
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Pearce DR, Akarca AU, De Maeyer RPH, Kostina E, Huebner A, Sivakumar M, Karasaki T, Shah K, Janes SM, McGranahan N, Reddy V, Akbar AN, Moore DA, Marafioti T, Swanton C, Hynds RE. Phenotyping of lymphoproliferative tumours generated in xenografts of non-small cell lung cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1156743. [PMID: 37342197 PMCID: PMC10277614 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1156743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models involve the engraftment of tumour tissue in immunocompromised mice and represent an important pre-clinical oncology research method. A limitation of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) PDX model derivation in NOD-scid IL2Rgammanull (NSG) mice is that a subset of initial engraftments are of lymphocytic, rather than tumour origin. Methods The immunophenotype of lymphoproliferations arising in the lung TRACERx PDX pipeline were characterised. To present the histology data herein, we developed a Python-based tool for generating patient-level pathology overview figures from whole-slide image files; PATHOverview is available on GitHub (https://github.com/EpiCENTR-Lab/PATHOverview). Results Lymphoproliferations occurred in 17.8% of lung adenocarcinoma and 10% of lung squamous cell carcinoma transplantations, despite none of these patients having a prior or subsequent clinical history of lymphoproliferative disease. Lymphoproliferations were predominantly human CD20+ B cells and had the immunophenotype expected for post-transplantation diffuse large B cell lymphoma with plasma cell features. All lymphoproliferations expressed Epstein-Barr-encoded RNAs (EBER). Analysis of immunoglobulin light chain gene rearrangements in three tumours where multiple tumour regions had resulted in lymphoproliferations suggested that each had independent clonal origins. Discussion Overall, these data suggest that B cell clones with lymphoproliferative potential are present within primary NSCLC tumours, and that these are under continuous immune surveillance. Since these cells can be expanded following transplantation into NSG mice, our data highlight the value of quality control measures to identify lymphoproliferations within xenograft pipelines and support the incorporation of strategies to minimise lymphoproliferations during the early stages of xenograft establishment pipelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R. Pearce
- Cancer Research UK (CRUK) Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Stability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ayse U. Akarca
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Emily Kostina
- Epithelial Cell Biology in ENT Research (EpiCENTR) Group, Developmental Biology and Cancer Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ariana Huebner
- Cancer Research UK (CRUK) Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Stability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Cancer Genome Evolution Research Group, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Monica Sivakumar
- Cancer Research UK (CRUK) Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
| | - Takahiro Karasaki
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Stability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kavina Shah
- Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sam M. Janes
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas McGranahan
- Cancer Research UK (CRUK) Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Cancer Genome Evolution Research Group, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Venkat Reddy
- Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Arne N. Akbar
- Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Moore
- Cancer Research UK (CRUK) Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
| | - Teresa Marafioti
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charles Swanton
- Cancer Research UK (CRUK) Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Stability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert E. Hynds
- Cancer Research UK (CRUK) Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Stability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Epithelial Cell Biology in ENT Research (EpiCENTR) Group, Developmental Biology and Cancer Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Zheng H, Zhao H, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Ye B, Guo Q. Epstein-Barr virus immediate-early protein Zta mediates the proliferation and migration of HER2-overexpressing cancer cells. Arch Virol 2023; 168:150. [PMID: 37133552 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-023-05774-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus immediate-early protein Zta plays an active role in altering cellular gene expression, which may be fundamentally linked to the viral life cycle, cell cycle, cell growth, and differentiation. HER2 is associated with a wide variety of human cancers, and its knockdown significantly reverses the malignant features of HER2-positive cancers. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential role of Zta in regulating HER2 expression and phenotype changes of MDA-MB-453 cells. Our results indicate that ectopic expression of Zta resulted in downregulation of the HER2 protein in cancer cells (MDA-MB-453, SKBR-3, BT474, and SKOV-3). The Zta protein significantly decreased HER2 mRNA and protein expression in MDA-MB-453 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanistically, Zta recognized and targeted the promoter of HER2 gene, reducing the transcriptional activity of the HER2 gene. Zta induced G0/G1 arrest of MDA-MB-453 cells, inhibiting their proliferation and migration activity. These data suggest that Zta may act as a transforming suppressor of the HER2 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongling Zheng
- Department of Emergency, Jinan Children's Hospital, Jinan, 250022, People's Republic of China
| | - Haitao Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, 256600, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Jinan Children's Hospital, Jinan, 250022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Jinan Children's Hospital, Jinan, 250022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Respiratory, Jinan Children's Hospital, Jinan, 250022, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Ye
- Department of Emergency, Jinan Children's Hospital, Jinan, 250022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qingwei Guo
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Jinan Children's Hospital, Jinan, 250022, People's Republic of China.
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Chatterjee S, Sanjeev BS. Community detection in Epstein-Barr virus associated carcinomas and role of tyrosine kinase in etiological mechanisms for oncogenesis. Microb Pathog 2023; 180:106115. [PMID: 37137346 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) affects more than 90% of global population. The role of the virus in causing infectious mononucleosis (IM) affecting B-cells and epithelial cells and in the development of EBV associated cancers is well documented. Investigating the associated interactions can pave way for the discovery of novel therapeutic targets for EBV associated lymphoproliferative (Burkitt's Lymphoma and Hodgkin's Lymphoma) and non-lymphoproliferative diseases (Gastric cancer and Nasopharyngeal cancer). METHODS Based on the DisGeNET (v7.0) data set, we constructed a disease-gene network to identify genes that are involved in various carcinomas, viz. Gastric cancer (GC), Nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC), Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) and Burkitt's lymphoma (BL). We identified communities in the disease-gene network and performed functional enrichment using over-representation analysis to detect significant biological processes/pathways and the interactions between them. RESULT We identified the modular communities to explore the relation of this common causative pathogen (EBV) with different carcinomas such as GC, NPC, HL and BL. Through network analysis we identified the top 10 genes linked with EBV associated carcinomas as CASP10, BRAF, NFKBIA, IFNA2, GSTP1, CSF3, GATA3, UBR5, AXIN2 and POLE. Further, the tyrosine-protein kinase (ABL1) gene was significantly over-represented in 3 out of 9 critical biological processes, viz. in regulatory pathways in cancer, the TP53 network and the Imatinib and chronic myeloid leukemia biological processes. Consequently, the EBV pathogen appears to target critical pathways involved in cellular growth arrest/apoptosis. We make our case for BCR-ABL1 tyrosine-kinase inhibitors (TKI) for further clinical investigations in the inhibition of BCR-mediated EBV activation in carcinomas for better prognostic and therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chatterjee
- Department of Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad, India.
| | - B S Sanjeev
- Department of Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad, India.
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Sausen DG, Basith A, Muqeemuddin S. EBV and Lymphomagenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15072133. [PMID: 37046794 PMCID: PMC10093459 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical significance of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) cannot be understated. Not only does it infect approximately 90% of the world’s population, but it is also associated with numerous pathologies. Diseases linked to this virus include hematologic malignancies such as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, Burkitt lymphoma, primary CNS lymphoma, and NK/T-cell lymphoma, epithelial malignancies such as nasopharyngeal carcinoma and gastric cancer, autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, Graves’ disease, and lupus. While treatment for these disease states is ever evolving, much work remains to more fully elucidate the relationship between EBV, its associated disease states, and their treatments. This paper begins with an overview of EBV latency and latency-associated proteins. It will then review EBV’s contributions to select hematologic malignancies with a focus on the contribution of latent proteins as well as their associated management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G. Sausen
- School of Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
| | - Ayeman Basith
- Department of Internal Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
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Lupo J, Truffot A, Andreani J, Habib M, Epaulard O, Morand P, Germi R. Virological Markers in Epstein–Barr Virus-Associated Diseases. Viruses 2023; 15:v15030656. [PMID: 36992365 PMCID: PMC10051789 DOI: 10.3390/v15030656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is an oncogenic virus infecting more than 95% of the world’s population. After primary infection—responsible for infectious mononucleosis in young adults—the virus persists lifelong in the infected host, especially in memory B cells. Viral persistence is usually without clinical consequences, although it can lead to EBV-associated cancers such as lymphoma or carcinoma. Recent reports also suggest a link between EBV infection and multiple sclerosis. In the absence of vaccines, research efforts have focused on virological markers applicable in clinical practice for the management of patients with EBV-associated diseases. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is an EBV-associated malignancy for which serological and molecular markers are widely used in clinical practice. Measuring blood EBV DNA load is additionally, useful for preventing lymphoproliferative disorders in transplant patients, with this marker also being explored in various other EBV-associated lymphomas. New technologies based on next-generation sequencing offer the opportunity to explore other biomarkers such as the EBV DNA methylome, strain diversity, or viral miRNA. Here, we review the clinical utility of different virological markers in EBV-associated diseases. Indeed, evaluating existing or new markers in EBV-associated malignancies or immune-mediated inflammatory diseases triggered by EBV infection continues to be a challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Lupo
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, Université Grenoble Alpes, UMR 5075 CEA/CNRS/UGA, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Laboratoire de Virologie, CHU Grenoble Alpes, CS 10217, CEDEX 09, 38043 Grenoble, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Aurélie Truffot
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, Université Grenoble Alpes, UMR 5075 CEA/CNRS/UGA, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Laboratoire de Virologie, CHU Grenoble Alpes, CS 10217, CEDEX 09, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Julien Andreani
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, Université Grenoble Alpes, UMR 5075 CEA/CNRS/UGA, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Laboratoire de Virologie, CHU Grenoble Alpes, CS 10217, CEDEX 09, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Mohammed Habib
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, Université Grenoble Alpes, UMR 5075 CEA/CNRS/UGA, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Olivier Epaulard
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, Université Grenoble Alpes, UMR 5075 CEA/CNRS/UGA, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Service de Maladies Infectieuses, CHU Grenoble Alpes, CS 10217, CEDEX 09, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Patrice Morand
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, Université Grenoble Alpes, UMR 5075 CEA/CNRS/UGA, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Laboratoire de Virologie, CHU Grenoble Alpes, CS 10217, CEDEX 09, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Raphaële Germi
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, Université Grenoble Alpes, UMR 5075 CEA/CNRS/UGA, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Laboratoire de Virologie, CHU Grenoble Alpes, CS 10217, CEDEX 09, 38043 Grenoble, France
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Cho J, Kim E, Yoon SE, Kim SJ, Kim WS. TET2 and LILRB1 mutations are frequent in Epstein-Barr virus-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma especially in elderly patients. Cancer 2023; 129:1502-1512. [PMID: 36812290 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.34698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) harboring Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) primarily occurs in patients who have underlying immunodeficiency or in elderly patients but is also reported in young, immunocompetent patients. The authors investigated the pathologic differences in EBV-positive DLBCL in these three groups of patients. METHODS In total, 57 patients with EBV-positive DLBCL were included in the study; of these, 16 patients had associated immunodeficiency, 10 were young (younger than 50 years), and 31 were elderly (aged 50 years or older). Immunostaining for CD8, CD68, PD-L1, and EBV nuclear antigen 2, and panel-based next-generation sequencing was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded blocks. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry revealed EBV nuclear antigen 2 positivity in 21 of the 49 patients. The degree of CD8-positive and CD68-positive immune cell infiltration and PD-L1 expression did not differ significantly in each group. Extranodal site involvement was more common in young patients (p = .021). In mutational analysis, the genes with the highest mutation frequency were PCLO (n = 14), TET2 (n = 10), and LILRB1 (n = 10). For the TET2 gene, all 10 mutations were found in elderly patients (p = .007). Compared with a validation cohort, both TET2 and LILRB1 showed a higher mutation frequency in EBV-positive patients than in EBV-negative patients. CONCLUSIONS EBV-positive DLBCL occurring in three different age and immune status groups showed similar pathologic characteristics. Notably, a high frequency of TET2 and LILRB1 mutations was characteristic of this disease in elderly patients. Further studies are needed to determine the role of TET2 and LILRB1 mutations in the development of EBV-positive DLBCL along with immune senescence. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY Epstein-Barr virus-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma occurring in three different groups (immunodeficiency-associated, young, and elderly) showed similar pathologic characteristics. The frequency of TET2 and LILRB1 mutations was high in elderly patients with Epstein-Barr virus-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhun Cho
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eojin Kim
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Eun Yoon
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok Jin Kim
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Seog Kim
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Domingues C, Cabral C, Jarak I, Veiga F, Dourado M, Figueiras A. The Debate between the Human Microbiota and Immune System in Treating Aerodigestive and Digestive Tract Cancers: A Review. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11030492. [PMID: 36992076 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The human microbiota comprises a group of microorganisms co-existing in the human body. Unbalanced microbiota homeostasis may impact metabolic and immune system regulation, shrinking the edge between health and disease. Recently, the microbiota has been considered a prominent extrinsic/intrinsic element of cancer development and a promising milestone in the modulation of conventional cancer treatments. Particularly, the oral cavity represents a yin-and-yang target site for microorganisms that can promote human health or contribute to oral cancer development, such as Fusobacterium nucleatum. Moreover, Helicobacter pylori has also been implicated in esophageal and stomach cancers, and decreased butyrate-producing bacteria, such as Lachnospiraceae spp. and Ruminococcaceae, have demonstrated a protective role in the development of colorectal cancer. Interestingly, prebiotics, e.g., polyphenols, probiotics (Faecalibacterium, Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Burkholderia), postbiotics (inosine, butyrate, and propionate), and innovative nanomedicines can modulate antitumor immunity, circumventing resistance to conventional treatments and could complement existing therapies. Therefore, this manuscript delivers a holistic perspective on the interaction between human microbiota and cancer development and treatment, particularly in aerodigestive and digestive cancers, focusing on applying prebiotics, probiotics, and nanomedicines to overcome some challenges in treating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Domingues
- Laboratory of Drug Development and Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Drug Development and Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cristiana Cabral
- Laboratory of Drug Development and Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ivana Jarak
- Laboratory of Drug Development and Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Francisco Veiga
- Laboratory of Drug Development and Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Drug Development and Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marília Dourado
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Health Studies and Research of the University of Coimbra (CEISUC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Studies and Development of Continuous and Palliative Care (CEDCCP), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Figueiras
- Laboratory of Drug Development and Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Drug Development and Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
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Sallustio F, Picerno A, Montenegro F, Cimmarusti MT, Di Leo V, Gesualdo L. The Human Virome and Its Crosslink with Glomerulonephritis and IgA Nephropathy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043897. [PMID: 36835304 PMCID: PMC9964221 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The prokaryotic, viral, fungal, and parasitic microbiome exists in a highly intricate connection with the human host. In addition to eukaryotic viruses, due to the existence of various host bacteria, phages are widely spread throughout the human body. However, it is now evident that some viral community states, as opposed to others, are indicative of health and might be linked to undesirable outcomes for the human host. Members of the virome may collaborate with the human host to retain mutualistic functions in preserving human health. Evolutionary theories contend that a particular microbe's ubiquitous existence may signify a successful partnership with the host. In this Review, we present a survey of the field's work on the human virome and highlight the role of viruses in health and disease and the relationship of the virobiota with immune system control. Moreover, we will analyze virus involvement in glomerulonephritis and in IgA nephropathy, theorizing the molecular mechanisms that may be responsible for the crosslink with these renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Sallustio
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Angela Picerno
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (DIM), University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesca Montenegro
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (DIM), University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Cimmarusti
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Leo
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Loreto Gesualdo
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
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Epstein-Barr Virus and the Pathogenesis of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020521. [PMID: 36836878 PMCID: PMC9967091 DOI: 10.3390/life13020521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), defined as a group I carcinogen by the World Health Organization (WHO), is present in the tumour cells of patients with different forms of B-cell lymphoma, including Burkitt lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders, and, most recently, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Understanding how EBV contributes to the development of these different types of B-cell lymphoma has not only provided fundamental insights into the underlying mechanisms of viral oncogenesis, but has also highlighted potential new therapeutic opportunities. In this review, we describe the effects of EBV infection in normal B-cells and we address the germinal centre model of infection and how this can lead to lymphoma in some instances. We then explore the recent reclassification of EBV+ DLBCL as an established entity in the WHO fifth edition and ICC 2022 classifications, emphasising the unique nature of this entity. To that end, we also explore the unique genetic background of this entity and briefly discuss the potential role of the tumour microenvironment in lymphomagenesis and disease progression. Despite the recent progress in elucidating the mechanisms of this malignancy, much work remains to be done to improve patient stratification, treatment strategies, and outcomes.
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Hirabayashi M, Traverse-Glehen A, Combes JD, Clifford GM, de Martel C. Estimating the prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus in primary gastric lymphoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Infect Agent Cancer 2023; 18:8. [PMID: 36765388 PMCID: PMC9912516 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-023-00482-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The stomach is a common site for extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. While Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the main established risk factor for primary gastric lymphoma, a fraction could be aetiologically associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a known haematolymphoid carcinogen. We systematically searched five databases from 1 January 1990 until 31 May 2022 for studies reporting EBV prevalence in gastric lymphoma tumour tissue by in-situ hybridisation (ISH) for EBV-encoded small RNA (PROSPERO CRD42020164473). We included representative series of more than five gastric lymphoma cases. Pooled prevalence and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) of EBV in gastric tumour cells were calculated for two major gastric B-cell lymphoma types, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). When available, we also extracted data on H. pylori prevalence and survival by EBV status. We found ten studies including 194 cases of gastric MALT lymphoma and 11 studies including 643 cases of gastric DLBCL. EBV prevalence was 2.2% (95% CI: 0.5-13.3) in gastric MALT lymphoma and 11.0% (95% CI: 5.2-20.0) in gastric DLBCL. In a subset of studies, the prevalence of H. pylori was higher in gastric MALT lymphoma (51/69) compared to gastric DLBCL (62/102). Overall, our findings suggest that EBV is rarely seen in MALT lymphoma but is associated with around 10% of gastric DLBCL, similar to the proportion observed at other primary sites. EBV-related lymphoma adds a small number of cases to the burden of cancer that could be prevented by the future development of a vaccine against EBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayo Hirabayashi
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), 25 avenue Tony Garnier, CS 90627, 69633, Lyon CEDEX 07, France
| | - Alexandra Traverse-Glehen
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Institut de Pathologie Multisite, Hôpital Lyon-Sud, Pierre Bénite, France
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI) INSERM U1111 - CNRS UMR5308, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I - ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Damien Combes
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), 25 avenue Tony Garnier, CS 90627, 69633, Lyon CEDEX 07, France
| | - Gary M Clifford
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), 25 avenue Tony Garnier, CS 90627, 69633, Lyon CEDEX 07, France
| | - Catherine de Martel
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), 25 avenue Tony Garnier, CS 90627, 69633, Lyon CEDEX 07, France.
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Broussard G, Ni G, Zhang Z, Li Q, Cano P, Dittmer DP, Damania B. Barrier-to-autointegration factor 1 promotes gammaherpesvirus reactivation from latency. Nat Commun 2023; 14:434. [PMID: 36746947 PMCID: PMC9902469 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-35898-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gammaherpesviruses, including Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), are DNA viruses that are globally associated with human cancers and establish lifelong latency in the human population. Detection of gammaherpesviral infection by the cGAS-STING innate immune DNA-sensing pathway is critical for suppressing viral reactivation from latency, a process that promotes viral pathogenesis and transmission. We report that barrier-to-autointegration factor 1 (BAF)-mediated suppression of the cGAS-STING signaling pathway is necessary for reactivation of KSHV and EBV. We demonstrate a role for BAF in destabilizing cGAS expression and show that inhibiting BAF expression in latently infected, reactivating, or uninfected cells leads to increased type I interferon-mediated antiviral responses and decreased viral replication. Furthermore, BAF overexpression resulted in decreased cGAS expression at the protein level. These results establish BAF as a key regulator of the lifecycle of gammaherpesviruses and a potential target for treating viral infections and malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant Broussard
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Guoxin Ni
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Qian Li
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Patricio Cano
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Dirk P Dittmer
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Blossom Damania
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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Elkhalifa AME, Nabi SU, Shah OS, Bashir SM, Muzaffer U, Ali SI, Wani IA, Alzerwi NAN, Elderdery AY, Alanazi A, Alenazy FO, Alharbi AHA. Insight into Oncogenic Viral Pathways as Drivers of Viral Cancers: Implication for Effective Therapy. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:1924-1944. [PMID: 36826111 PMCID: PMC9955780 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30020150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
As per a recent study conducted by the WHO, 15.4% of all cancers are caused by infectious agents of various categories, and more than 10% of them are attributed to viruses. The emergence of COVID-19 has once again diverted the scientific community's attention toward viral diseases. Some researchers have postulated that SARS-CoV-2 will add its name to the growing list of oncogenic viruses in the long run. However, owing to the complexities in carcinogenesis of viral origin, researchers across the world are struggling to identify the common thread that runs across different oncogenic viruses. Classical pathways of viral oncogenesis have identified oncogenic mediators in oncogenic viruses, but these mediators have been reported to act on diverse cellular and multiple omics pathways. In addition to viral mediators of carcinogenesis, researchers have identified various host factors responsible for viral carcinogenesis. Henceforth owing to viral and host complexities in viral carcinogenesis, a singular mechanistic pathway remains yet to be established; hence there is an urgent need to integrate concepts from system biology, cancer microenvironment, evolutionary perspective, and thermodynamics to understand the role of viruses as drivers of cancer. In the present manuscript, we provide a holistic view of the pathogenic pathways involved in viral oncogenesis with special emphasis on alteration in the tumor microenvironment, genomic alteration, biological entropy, evolutionary selection, and host determinants involved in the pathogenesis of viral tumor genesis. These concepts can provide important insight into viral cancers, which can have an important implication for developing novel, effective, and personalized therapeutic options for treating viral cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. E. Elkhalifa
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Saudi Electronic University, Riyadh 11673, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Haematology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of El Imam El Mahdi, Kosti 1158, Sudan
- Correspondence:
| | - Showkat Ul Nabi
- Large Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ethics & Jurisprudence, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Ovais Shabir Shah
- Department of Sheep Husbandry Kashmir, Government of Jammu and Kashmir, Srinagar 182301, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Showkeen Muzamil Bashir
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Lab, Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Umar Muzaffer
- Department of Medicine, Government Medical College and Associated Hospital, Srinagar 190010, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Sofi Imtiyaz Ali
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Lab, Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Imtiyaz Ahmad Wani
- Clinical Research Laboratory, SKIMS, Srinagar 190011, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Nasser A. N. Alzerwi
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Ministry of Education, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abozer Y. Elderdery
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Awadh Alanazi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fawaz O. Alenazy
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
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Dudley IM, Sunguc C, Heymer EJ, Winter DL, Teepen JC, Belle FN, Bárdi E, Bagnasco F, Gudmundsdottir T, Skinner R, Michel G, Byrne J, Øfstaas H, Jankovic M, Mazić MČ, Mader L, Loonen J, Garwicz S, Wiebe T, Alessi D, Allodji RS, Haddy N, Grabow D, Kaatsch P, Kaiser M, Maule MM, Jakab Z, Gunnes MW, Terenziani M, Zaletel LZ, Kuehni CE, Haupt R, de Vathaire F, Kremer LC, Lähteenmäki PM, Winther JF, Hjorth L, Hawkins MM, Reulen RC. Risk of subsequent primary lymphoma in a cohort of 69,460 five-year survivors of childhood and adolescent cancer in Europe: The PanCareSurFup study. Cancer 2023; 129:426-440. [PMID: 36444554 PMCID: PMC10099796 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.34561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Survivors of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) are at risk of developing non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) after treatment; however, the risks of developing subsequent primary lymphomas (SPLs), including HL and NHL, after different types of childhood cancer are unknown. The authors quantified the risk of SPLs using the largest cohort of childhood cancer survivors worldwide. METHODS The Pan-European Network for Care of Survivors After Childhood and Adolescent Cancer (PanCare) Survivor Care and Follow-Up Studies (PanCareSurFup) cohort includes 69,460 five-year survivors of childhood cancer, diagnosed during 1940 through 2008, from 12 European countries. Risks of SPLs were quantified by standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and relative risks (RRs) using multivariable Poisson regression. RESULTS Overall, 140 SPLs, including 104 NHLs and 36 HLs, were identified. Survivors were at 60% increased risk of an SPL compared with the general population (SIR, 1.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4-1.9). Survivors were twice as likely to develop NHL (SIR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.9-2.8), with the greatest risks among survivors of HL (SIR, 7.1; 95% CI, 5.1-10.0), Wilms tumor (SIR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.7-5.7), leukemia (SIR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.8-4.4), and bone sarcoma (SIR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.4-5.4). Treatment with chemotherapy for any cancer doubled the RR of NHL (RR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.2-3.9), but treatment with radiotherapy did not (RR, 1.2; 95% CI, 0.7-2.0). Survivors were at similar risk of developing a subsequent HL as the general population (SIR, 1.1; 95% CI, 0.8-1.5). CONCLUSIONS In addition to HL, the authors show here for the first time that survivors of Wilms tumor, leukemia, and bone sarcoma are at risk of NHL. Survivors and health care professionals should be aware of the risk of NHL in these survivors and in any survivors treated with chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle M. Dudley
- Center for Childhood Cancer Survivor StudiesInstitute of Applied Health ResearchUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Ceren Sunguc
- Center for Childhood Cancer Survivor StudiesInstitute of Applied Health ResearchUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Emma J. Heymer
- Center for Childhood Cancer Survivor StudiesInstitute of Applied Health ResearchUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - David L. Winter
- Center for Childhood Cancer Survivor StudiesInstitute of Applied Health ResearchUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Jop C. Teepen
- Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric OncologyUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Fabiën N. Belle
- Childhood Cancer Research GroupInstitute of Social and Preventive MedicineUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisante)University of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Edit Bárdi
- St Anna Children's HospitalViennaAustria
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineJohannes Kepler University LinzKepler University HospitalLinzAustria
| | | | - Thorgerdur Gudmundsdottir
- Danish Cancer Society Research CenterChildhood Cancer Research GroupCopenhagenDenmark
- Children's HospitalLandspitali University HospitalReykjavikIceland
| | - Roderick Skinner
- Great North Children's HospitalNewcastle upon Tyne Hospitals National Health Service Foundation TrustNewcastle upon TyneUK
- Newcastle University Center for CancerNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Gisela Michel
- Department of Health Sciences and MedicineUniversity of LucerneLucerneSwitzerland
| | | | - Hilde Øfstaas
- Division of Pediatric and Adolescent MedicineOslo University Hospital RikshospitaletOsloNorway
| | - Momcilo Jankovic
- Pediatric ClinicUniversity of Milano‐BicoccaHospital San GerardoMonzaItaly
| | - Maja Česen Mazić
- University Children's Hospital LjubljanaUniversity Medical Center LjubljanaLjubljanaSlovenia
| | - Luzius Mader
- Childhood Cancer Research GroupInstitute of Social and Preventive MedicineUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Jaqueline Loonen
- Department of HematologyRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenNetherlands
| | - Stanislaw Garwicz
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, PediatricsLund UniversitySkane University HospitalLundSweden
| | - Thomas Wiebe
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, PediatricsLund UniversitySkane University HospitalLundSweden
| | - Daniela Alessi
- Childhood Cancer Registry of PiedmontCancer Epidemiology UnitDepartment of Medical SciencesUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
- Reference Center for Epidemiology and Cancer Prevention‐PiemonteUniversity Hospital Citta della Salute e della Scienza di TorinoTurinItaly
| | - Rodrigue S. Allodji
- Radiation Epidemiology TeamCenter for Research in Epidemiology and Population HealthNational Institute of Health and Medical Research Unit 1018University Paris SaclayGustave RoussyVillejuifFrance
| | - Nadia Haddy
- Radiation Epidemiology TeamCenter for Research in Epidemiology and Population HealthNational Institute of Health and Medical Research Unit 1018University Paris SaclayGustave RoussyVillejuifFrance
| | - Desiree Grabow
- German Childhood Cancer RegistryDivision of Childhood Cancer EpidemiologyInstitute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and InformaticsJohannes‐Gutenberg University MainzMainzGermany
| | - Peter Kaatsch
- German Childhood Cancer RegistryDivision of Childhood Cancer EpidemiologyInstitute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and InformaticsJohannes‐Gutenberg University MainzMainzGermany
| | - Melanie Kaiser
- German Childhood Cancer RegistryDivision of Childhood Cancer EpidemiologyInstitute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and InformaticsJohannes‐Gutenberg University MainzMainzGermany
| | - Milena M. Maule
- Childhood Cancer Registry of PiedmontCancer Epidemiology UnitDepartment of Medical SciencesUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
- Reference Center for Epidemiology and Cancer Prevention‐PiemonteUniversity Hospital Citta della Salute e della Scienza di TorinoTurinItaly
| | - Zsuzsanna Jakab
- Hungarian Childhood Cancer RegistrySecond Department of PediatricsSemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Maria Winther Gunnes
- Division of Pediatric and Adolescent MedicineOslo University Hospital RikshospitaletOsloNorway
- Department of RegistrationCancer Registry of NorwayOsloNorway
| | - Monica Terenziani
- Pediatric Oncology UnitFondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei TumoriMilanItaly
| | | | - Claudia E. Kuehni
- Childhood Cancer Research GroupInstitute of Social and Preventive MedicineUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/OncologyDepartment of PediatricsUniversity Children's Hospital of BernUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Riccardo Haupt
- Diagnosis, Observation, Prevention After Oncologic Treatment (DOPO) ClinicDivision of Hematology/OncologyIRCCS Istituto Giannina GasliniGenovaItaly
| | - Florent de Vathaire
- Radiation Epidemiology TeamCenter for Research in Epidemiology and Population HealthNational Institute of Health and Medical Research Unit 1018University Paris SaclayGustave RoussyVillejuifFrance
| | - Leontien C. Kremer
- Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric OncologyUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Emma Children's HospitalAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Päivi M. Lähteenmäki
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineTurku University and Turku University HospitalTurkuFinland
| | - Jeanette F. Winther
- Danish Cancer Society Research CenterChildhood Cancer Research GroupCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Clinical MedicineFaculty of HealthAarhus University and University HospitalAarhusDenmark
| | - Lars Hjorth
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, PediatricsLund UniversitySkane University HospitalLundSweden
| | - Michael M. Hawkins
- Center for Childhood Cancer Survivor StudiesInstitute of Applied Health ResearchUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Raoul C. Reulen
- Center for Childhood Cancer Survivor StudiesInstitute of Applied Health ResearchUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
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