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Borland JM. The effects of different types of social interactions on the electrophysiology of neurons in the nucleus accumbens in rodents. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 164:105809. [PMID: 39004323 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
BORLAND, J.M., The effects of different types of social interactions on the electrophysiology of neurons in the nucleus accumbens in rodents, NEUROSCI BIOBEH REV 21(1) XXX-XXX, 2024.-Sociality shapes an organisms' life. The nucleus accumbens is a critical brain region for mental health. In the following review, the effects of different types of social interactions on the physiology of neurons in the nucleus accumbens is synthesized. More specifically, the effects of sex behavior, aggression, social defeat, pair-bonding, play behavior, affiliative interactions, parental behaviors, the isolation from social interactions and maternal separation on measures of excitatory synaptic transmission, intracellular signaling and factors of transcription and translation in neurons in the nucleus accumbens in rodent models are reviewed. Similarities and differences in effects depending on the type of social interaction is then discussed. This review improves the understanding of the molecular and synaptic mechanisms of sociality.
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2
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Sokolowski MBC, Bottet G, Dacher M. Measuring honey bee feeding rhythms with the BeeBox, a platform for nectar foraging insects. Physiol Behav 2024; 283:114598. [PMID: 38821143 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
In honey bees, most studies of circadian rhythms involve a locomotion test performed in a small tube, a tunnel, or at the hive entrance. However, despite feeding playing an important role in honey bee health or fitness, no demonstration of circadian rhythm on feeding has been performed until recently. Here, we present the BeeBox, a new laboratory platform for bees based on the concept of the Skinner box, which dispenses discrete controlled amounts of food (sucrose syrup) following entrance into an artificial flower. We compared caged groups of bees in 12 h-12 h light/dark cycles, constant darkness and constant light and measured average hourly syrup consumption per living bee. Food intake was higher in constant light and lower in constant darkness; mortality increased in constant light. We observed rhythmic consumption with a period longer than 24 h; this is maintained in darkness without environmental cues, but is damped in the constant light condition. The BeeBox offers many new research perspectives and numerous potential applications in the study of nectar foraging animals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guillaume Bottet
- Université de Picardie - Jules Verne, 1, rue des Louvels, 80000 Amiens, France
| | - Matthieu Dacher
- Sorbonne Université, INRAE, Université Paris Est Créteil, CNRS, IRD - Institute for Ecology and Environnemental Sciences of Paris, iEES Paris, 78026, Versailles, France
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3
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Chakravarty P, Ashbury AM, Strandburg-Peshkin A, Iffelsberger J, Goldshtein A, Schuppli C, Snell KRS, Charpentier MJE, Núñez CL, Gaggioni G, Geiger N, Rößler DC, Gall G, Yang PP, Fruth B, Harel R, Crofoot MC. The sociality of sleep in animal groups. Trends Ecol Evol 2024:S0169-5347(24)00176-9. [PMID: 39242333 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Group-living animals sleep together, yet most research treats sleep as an individual process. Here, we argue that social interactions during the sleep period contribute in important, but largely overlooked, ways to animal groups' social dynamics, while patterns of social interaction and the structure of social connections within animal groups play important, but poorly understood, roles in shaping sleep behavior. Leveraging field-appropriate methods, such as direct and video-based observation, and increasingly common on-animal motion sensors (e.g., accelerometers), behavioral indicators can be tracked to measure sleep in multiple individuals in a group of animals simultaneously. Sleep proximity networks and sleep timing networks can then be used to investigate the collective dynamics of sleep in wild group-living animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritish Chakravarty
- Department for the Ecology of Animal Societies, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Konstanz, Germany; Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Alison M Ashbury
- Department for the Ecology of Animal Societies, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Konstanz, Germany; Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Ariana Strandburg-Peshkin
- Department for the Ecology of Animal Societies, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Konstanz, Germany; Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany; Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Josefine Iffelsberger
- Department for the Ecology of Animal Societies, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Konstanz, Germany; Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Aya Goldshtein
- Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany; Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany; Department of Collective Behavior, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Caroline Schuppli
- Development and Evolution of Cognition Research Group, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Katherine R S Snell
- Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany; Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Marie J E Charpentier
- Department for the Ecology of Animal Societies, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Konstanz, Germany; Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (ISEM), UMR5554, University of Montpellier/CNRS/IRD/EPHE, Montpellier, France
| | - Chase L Núñez
- Department for the Ecology of Animal Societies, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Konstanz, Germany; Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany; Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Giulia Gaggioni
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (ISEM), UMR5554, University of Montpellier/CNRS/IRD/EPHE, Montpellier, France; Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nadja Geiger
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany; Zukunftskolleg, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Daniela C Rößler
- Department for the Ecology of Animal Societies, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Konstanz, Germany; Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany; Zukunftskolleg, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Gabriella Gall
- Department for the Ecology of Animal Societies, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Konstanz, Germany; Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany; Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany; Zukunftskolleg, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Pei-Pei Yang
- Department for the Ecology of Animal Societies, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Konstanz, Germany; School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, China; International Collaborative Research Center for Huangshan Biodiversity and Tibetan Macaque Behavioral Ecology, Hefei, China
| | - Barbara Fruth
- Department for the Ecology of Animal Societies, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Konstanz, Germany; Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Konstanz, Germany; Centre for Research and Conservation/KMDA, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Roi Harel
- Department for the Ecology of Animal Societies, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Konstanz, Germany; Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany; Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Margaret C Crofoot
- Department for the Ecology of Animal Societies, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Konstanz, Germany; Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany; Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.
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4
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Benita M, Menahem A, Rath A, Scharf I, Gottlieb D. Beyond adult models: Tribolium castaneum larval timekeeping reveals unexpected robustness and insights into circadian clock. INSECT SCIENCE 2024. [PMID: 39126186 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are self-sustained endogenous oscillations that are found in all living organisms. In insects, circadian rhythms control a wide variety of behavioral and physiological processes, including feeding, locomotion, mating, and metabolism. While the role of circadian rhythms in adult insects is well-understood, it is largely unexplored in larvae. This study investigates the potential for larval synchronized activity in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum), a species exhibiting solitary and aggregation phases. We hypothesized that, similar to adults, larvae would exhibit a daily activity pattern governed by an endogenous circadian clock. We further predicted that the transition between the solitary and gregarious phases extends to unique temporal activity patterns. Our results revealed unique timekeeper gene expression in larvae, leading to a distinct daily rhythm characterized by nocturnal activity. Cues indicating on potential cannibalism did not change daily activity peak. However, the absence of these cues significantly reduced the proportion of rhythmic larvae and led to higher variation in peak activity, highlighting the crucial role of social interactions in shaping their rhythmicity. This study sheds light on the evolution and function of larval synchronization in group-living insects, offering novel insights into this complex behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Benita
- Department of Food Science, Institute of Post-Harvest and Food Science, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
- George S Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, School of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ariel Menahem
- Department of Food Science, Institute of Post-Harvest and Food Science, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Animesha Rath
- Department of Food Science, Institute of Post-Harvest and Food Science, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Inon Scharf
- George S Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, School of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Daphna Gottlieb
- Department of Food Science, Institute of Post-Harvest and Food Science, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
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Levy K, Wegrzyn Y, Moaraf S, Barnea A, Ayali A. When night becomes day: Artificial light at night alters insect behavior under semi-natural conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:171905. [PMID: 38531451 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Light is the most important Zeitgeber for temporal synchronization in nature. Artificial light at night (ALAN) disrupts the natural light-dark rhythmicity and thus negatively affects animal behavior. However, to date, ALAN research has been mostly conducted under laboratory conditions in this context. Here, we used the field cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus, to investigate the effect of ALAN on insect behavior under semi-natural conditions, i.e., under shaded natural lighting conditions, natural temperature and soundscape. Male crickets were placed individually in outdoor enclosures and exposed to ALAN conditions ranging from <0.01 to 1500 lx intensity. The crickets' stridulation behavior was recorded for 14 consecutive days and nights and their daily activity patterns were analysed. ALAN impaired the crickets' stridulation rhythm, evoking a change in the crickets' naturally synchronized daily activity period. This was manifested by a light-intensity-dependent increase in the proportion of insects demonstrating an intrinsic circadian rhythm (free-run behavior). This also resulted in a change in the population's median activity cycle period. These ALAN-induced effects occurred despite the crickets' exposure to almost natural conditions. Our findings provide further validity to our previous studies on ALAN conducted under lab conditions and establish the deleterious impacts of ALAN on animal behavioral patterns. TEASER: Artificial light at night alters cricket behavior and desynchronizes their stridulation even under near-natural conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keren Levy
- School of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Yoav Wegrzyn
- School of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Stan Moaraf
- School of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel; Department of Natural Sciences, The Open University of Israel, Ra'anana 4353701, Israel
| | - Anat Barnea
- Department of Natural Sciences, The Open University of Israel, Ra'anana 4353701, Israel
| | - Amir Ayali
- School of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel.
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6
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Chiu JC. Editorial: Rising stars in chronobiology 2022. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1412956. [PMID: 38725565 PMCID: PMC11079284 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1412956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna C. Chiu
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
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7
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Ghosh S, Suray C, Bozzolan F, Palazzo A, Monsempès C, Lecouvreur F, Chatterjee A. Pheromone-mediated command from the female to male clock induces and synchronizes circadian rhythms of the moth Spodoptera littoralis. Curr Biol 2024; 34:1414-1425.e5. [PMID: 38479388 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
To extract any adaptive benefit, the circadian clock needs to be synchronized to the 24-h day-night cycles. We have investigated if it is a general property of the brain's circadian clock to recognize social interactions as external time givers. Sociosexual interactions with the opposite sex are universal, prevalent even in the lives of solitary animals. The solitary adult life of the Spodoptera littoralis moth is singularly dedicated to sex, offering an ideal context for exploring the impact of sociosexual cues on circadian timekeeping. We have identified specific olfactory cues responsible for social entrainment, revealing a surprisingly strong influence of pheromone-mediated remote sociosexual interactions on circadian rhythms. Males' free-running rhythms are induced and synchronized by the sex pheromone that the female releases in a rhythmic fashion, highlighting a hierarchical relation between the female and male circadian oscillators. Even a single pulse of the sex pheromone altered clock gene expression in the male brain, surpassing the effect of light on the clock. Our finding of a daytime-dependent, lasting impact of pheromone on male's courtship efficacy indicates that circadian timing in moths is a trait under sexual selection. We have identified specific components of the sex-pheromone blend that lack mate-attractive property but have powerful circadian effects, providing rationale for their continued retention by the female. We show that such volatiles, when shared across sympatric moth species, can trigger communal synchronization. Our results suggest that the sex pheromone released by female moths entrains males' behavioral activity rhythm to ensure synchronized timing of mating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagnik Ghosh
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES-Paris), INRAE, Sorbonne University, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, University of Paris, 78026 Versailles, France
| | - Caroline Suray
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES-Paris), INRAE, Sorbonne University, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, University of Paris, 78026 Versailles, France
| | - Françoise Bozzolan
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES-Paris), INRAE, Sorbonne University, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, University of Paris, 78026 Versailles, France
| | - Antonio Palazzo
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES-Paris), INRAE, Sorbonne University, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, University of Paris, 78026 Versailles, France
| | - Christelle Monsempès
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES-Paris), INRAE, Sorbonne University, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, University of Paris, 78026 Versailles, France
| | - François Lecouvreur
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES-Paris), INRAE, Sorbonne University, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, University of Paris, 78026 Versailles, France
| | - Abhishek Chatterjee
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES-Paris), INRAE, Sorbonne University, CNRS, IRD, UPEC, University of Paris, 78026 Versailles, France.
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8
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Bagchi D, Arumugam R, Chandrasekar VK, Senthilkumar DV. Generalized synchronization in a tritrophic food web metacommunity. J Theor Biol 2024; 582:111759. [PMID: 38367766 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2024.111759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Complete synchronization among the metacommunity is known to elevate the risk of their extinction due to stochasticity and other environmental perturbations. Owing to the inherent heterogeneous nature of the metacommunity, we demonstrate the emergence of generalized synchronization among the patches of dispersally connected tritrophic food web using the framework of an auxiliary system approach and the mutual false nearest neighbor. We find that the critical value of the dispersal rate increases significantly with the size of the metacommunity for both unidirectional and bidirectional dispersals, which in turn corroborates that larger metacommunities are more stable than smaller ones. Further, we find that the critical value of the dispersal for the onset of generalized synchronization is smaller(larger) for bidirectional dispersal than that for unidirectional dispersal for smaller(larger) metacommunities. Most importantly, complete synchronization error remains finite even after the onset of generalized synchronization in a wider range of dispersal rate elucidating that the latter can serve as an early warning signal for the extinction of the metacommunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dweepabiswa Bagchi
- School of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram 695 551, Kerala, India
| | - Ramesh Arumugam
- Department of Mathematics, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT-AP University, Guntur 522237, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - V K Chandrasekar
- Department of Physics, Centre for Nonlinear Science and Engineering, School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamilnadu, India
| | - D V Senthilkumar
- School of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram 695 551, Kerala, India.
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Una R, Glimm T. A Cellular Potts Model of the interplay of synchronization and aggregation. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16974. [PMID: 38435996 PMCID: PMC10909357 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
We investigate the behavior of systems of cells with intracellular molecular oscillators ("clocks") where cell-cell adhesion is mediated by differences in clock phase between neighbors. This is motivated by phenomena in developmental biology and in aggregative multicellularity of unicellular organisms. In such systems, aggregation co-occurs with clock synchronization. To account for the effects of spatially extended cells, we use the Cellular Potts Model (CPM), a lattice agent-based model. We find four distinct possible phases: global synchronization, local synchronization, incoherence, and anti-synchronization (checkerboard patterns). We characterize these phases via order parameters. In the case of global synchrony, the speed of synchronization depends on the adhesive effects of the clocks. Synchronization happens fastest when cells in opposite phases adhere the strongest ("opposites attract"). When cells of the same clock phase adhere the strongest ("like attracts like"), synchronization is slower. Surprisingly, the slowest synchronization happens in the diffusive mixing case, where cell-cell adhesion is independent of clock phase. We briefly discuss potential applications of the model, such as pattern formation in the auditory sensory epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Una
- Department of Mathematics, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, United States of America
| | - Tilmann Glimm
- Department of Mathematics, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, United States of America
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10
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Thoré ESJ, Aulsebrook AE, Brand JA, Almeida RA, Brodin T, Bertram MG. Time is of the essence: The importance of considering biological rhythms in an increasingly polluted world. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002478. [PMID: 38289905 PMCID: PMC10826942 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Biological rhythms have a crucial role in shaping the biology and ecology of organisms. Light pollution is known to disrupt these rhythms, and evidence is emerging that chemical pollutants can cause similar disruption. Conversely, biological rhythms can influence the effects and toxicity of chemicals. Thus, by drawing insights from the extensive study of biological rhythms in biomedical and light pollution research, we can greatly improve our understanding of chemical pollution. This Essay advocates for the integration of biological rhythmicity into chemical pollution research to gain a more comprehensive understanding of how chemical pollutants affect wildlife and ecosystems. Despite historical barriers, recent experimental and technological advancements now facilitate the integration of biological rhythms into ecotoxicology, offering unprecedented, high-resolution data across spatiotemporal scales. Recognizing the importance of biological rhythms will be essential for understanding, predicting, and mitigating the complex ecological repercussions of chemical pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli S. J. Thoré
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
- TRANSfarm—Science, Engineering, & Technology Group, KU Leuven, Lovenjoel, Belgium
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anne E. Aulsebrook
- Department of Ornithology, Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, Seewiesen, Germany
| | - Jack A. Brand
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rafaela A. Almeida
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tomas Brodin
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Michael G. Bertram
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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11
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Farina A. Discovering ecoacoustic codes in beehives: First evidence and perspectives. Biosystems 2023; 234:105041. [PMID: 37806648 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2023.105041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The sounds present inside a beehive originate from the overlap of honeybee buzzes with external sounds. They reveal patterns that support the hypothesis that the sonic context of the beehive may be utilized by honeybees as a source of ecoacoustic codes for communication and the coordination of social activity. Patterns were observed in a data series of acoustic files sampled at a frequency of 48 kHz during the period May-July 2023 in a beehive of Apis mellifera ligustica (Spinola, 1806). The acoustic information was extracted using the acoustic complexity index (ACItf) algorithm applied to a fast Fourier transform matrix. Data series, aggregated in 1368 min × 512 frequency bins × 61 days, were tentatively classified according to three temporal classes of aggregation (eight, six, and four clusters, respectively) using the hierarchical K-means clustering algorithm. The clusters obtained at these three resolutions were considered potential ecoacoustic codes (PECs) belonging to each minute of the data series. The number of discontinuities along the 24-h PEC sequence, the coefficient of variation of the number of PECs at daily and seasonal scales, and the PEC sample entropy confirmed a patterned distribution of PECs across the 24 h, modulated at a monthly scale. A significant correlation was found between these indices and the daily average wind speed, and temperature. Honeybee buzz is an informative medium used by honeybees to develop survival strategies.
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12
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Minasandra P, Jensen FH, Gersick AS, Holekamp KE, Strauss ED, Strandburg-Peshkin A. Accelerometer-based predictions of behaviour elucidate factors affecting the daily activity patterns of spotted hyenas. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 10:230750. [PMID: 38026018 PMCID: PMC10645113 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.230750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Animal activity patterns are highly variable and influenced by internal and external factors, including social processes. Quantifying activity patterns in natural settings can be challenging, as it is difficult to monitor animals over long time periods. Here, we developed and validated a machine-learning-based classifier to identify behavioural states from accelerometer data of wild spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta), social carnivores that live in large fission-fusion societies. By combining this classifier with continuous collar-based accelerometer data from five hyenas, we generated a complete record of activity patterns over more than one month. We used these continuous behavioural sequences to investigate how past activity, individual idiosyncrasies, and social synchronization influence hyena activity patterns. We found that hyenas exhibit characteristic crepuscular-nocturnal daily activity patterns. Time spent active was independent of activity level on previous days, suggesting that hyenas do not show activity compensation. We also found limited evidence for an effect of individual identity on activity, and showed that pairs of hyenas who synchronized their activity patterns must have spent more time together. This study sheds light on the patterns and drivers of activity in spotted hyena societies, and also provides a useful tool for quantifying behavioural sequences from accelerometer data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranav Minasandra
- Department for the Ecology of Animal Societies, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Konstanz, Germany
- Biology Department, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Organismal Biology, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Frants H. Jensen
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
- Biology Department, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Andrew S. Gersick
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Department of Computer Science, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kay E. Holekamp
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Eli D. Strauss
- Department for the Ecology of Animal Societies, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Konstanz, Germany
- Biology Department, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Ariana Strandburg-Peshkin
- Department for the Ecology of Animal Societies, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Konstanz, Germany
- Biology Department, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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Shpigler HY, Yaniv A, Gernat T, Robinson GE, Bloch G. The Influences of Illumination Regime on Egg-laying Rhythms of Honey Bee Queens. J Biol Rhythms 2022; 37:609-619. [PMID: 36226630 PMCID: PMC9727117 DOI: 10.1177/07487304221126782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Honey bee queens show extreme fecundity, commonly laying more than a thousand eggs in a single day. It has proven challenging to study the temporal organization of egg-laying behavior because queens are typically active around the clock in the dark cavity of a densely populated nest. To contend with this challenge, we developed two novel methods allowing detailed monitoring of queen activity and egg laying. We first adapted a high-resolution, continuous, tracking system allowing to track the position of barcode-tagged queens in observation hives with colonies foraging outside. We found that the queen is active ~96% of the day with typically no diurnal rhythm. Next, we developed a new laboratory procedure to monitor egg laying at single egg resolution under different light regimes. We found that under constant darkness (DD) and temperature conditions, queens laid eggs with no circadian rhythms. Queen fecundity was severely reduced under constant light (LL). Under a 12:12 illumination regime, queen fecundity was comparable to under constant darkness, with a higher number of eggs during the light phase. These daily rhythms in egg laying continued when these queens were released to DD conditions, suggesting that egg-laying rhythms are influenced by endogenous circadian clocks. These results suggest that honey bee queens are active and lay eggs around the clock with no diurnal rhythms. Light has complex influences on these behaviors, but more studies are needed to determine whether these effects reflect the influence of light directly on the queen or indirectly by affecting workers that interact with the queen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagai Y. Shpigler
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and
Behavior, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University
of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic
Biology, University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA,Department of Entomology, Agricultural
Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel,Hagai Y. Shpigler,
Department of Entomology, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani
Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel; e-mail:
| | - Almog Yaniv
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and
Behavior, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University
of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tim Gernat
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic
Biology, University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Gene E. Robinson
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic
Biology, University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA,Entomology Department, University of
Illinois Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA,Neuroscience Program, University of
Illinois Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Guy Bloch
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and
Behavior, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University
of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel,Guy Bloch, Department of
Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life
Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Berman 114, Jerusalem 9190401,
Israel; e-mail:
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14
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Siehler O, Wang S, Bloch G. Remarkable Sensitivity of Young Honey Bee Workers to Multiple Non-photic, Non-thermal, Forager Cues That Synchronize Their Daily Activity Rhythms. Front Physiol 2022; 12:789773. [PMID: 35002771 PMCID: PMC8733668 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.789773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Honey bees live in colonies containing tens of thousands of workers that coordinate their activities to produce efficient colony-level behavior. In free-foraging colonies, nest bees are entrained to the forager daily phase of activity even when experiencing conflicting light-dark illumination regime, but little is known on the cues mediating this potent social synchronization. We monitored locomotor activity in an array of individually caged bees in which we manipulated the contact with neighbour bees. We used circular statistics and coupling function analyses to estimate the degree of social synchronization. We found that young bees in cages connected to cages housing foragers showed stronger rhythms, better synchronization with each other, higher coupling strength, and a phase more similar to that of the foragers compared to similar bees in unconnected cages. These findings suggest that close distance contacts are sufficient for social synchronization or that cage connection facilitated the propagation of time-giving social cues. Coupling strength was higher for bees placed on the same tray compared with bees at a similar distance but on a different tray, consistent with the hypothesis that substrate borne vibrations mediate phase synchronization. Additional manipulation of the contact between cages showed that social synchronization is better among bees in cages connected with tube with a single mesh partition compared to sealed tubes consistent with the notion that volatile cues act additively to substrate borne vibrations. These findings are consistent with self-organization models for social synchronization of activity rhythms and suggest that the circadian system of honey bees evolved remarkable sensitivity to non-photic, non-thermal, time giving entraining cues enabling them to tightly coordinate their behavior in the dark and constant physical environment of their nests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Siehler
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Guy Bloch
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,The Federmann Center for the Study of Rationality, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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15
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Beer K, Härtel S, Helfrich-Förster C. The pigment-dispersing factor neuronal network systematically grows in developing honey bees. J Comp Neurol 2021; 530:1321-1340. [PMID: 34802154 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The neuropeptide pigment-dispersing factor (PDF) plays a prominent role in the circadian clock of many insects including honey bees. In the honey bee brain, PDF is expressed in about 15 clock neurons per hemisphere that lie between the central brain and the optic lobes. As in other insects, the bee PDF neurons form wide arborizations in the brain, but certain differences are evident. For example, they arborize only sparsely in the accessory medulla (AME), which serves as important communication center of the circadian clock in cockroaches and flies. Furthermore, all bee PDF neurons cluster together, which makes it impossible to distinguish individual projections. Here, we investigated the developing bee PDF network and found that the first three PDF neurons arise in the third larval instar and form a dense network of varicose fibers at the base of the developing medulla that strongly resembles the AME of hemimetabolous insects. In addition, they send faint fibers toward the lateral superior protocerebrum. In last larval instar, PDF cells with larger somata appear and send fibers toward the distal medulla and the medial protocerebrum. In the dorsal part of the medulla serpentine layer, a small PDF knot evolves from which PDF fibers extend ventrally. This knot disappears during metamorphosis and the varicose arborizations in the putative AME become fainter. Instead, a new strongly stained PDF fiber hub appears in front of the lobula. Simultaneously, the number of PDF neurons increases and the PDF neuronal network in the brain gets continuously more complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Beer
- Department of Neurobiology and Genetics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Härtel
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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16
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Greenfield MD, Honing H, Kotz SA, Ravignani A. Synchrony and rhythm interaction: from the brain to behavioural ecology. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2021; 376:20200324. [PMID: 34420379 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This theme issue assembles current studies that ask how and why precise synchronization and related forms of rhythm interaction are expressed in a wide range of behaviour. The studies cover human activity, with an emphasis on music, and social behaviour, reproduction and communication in non-human animals. In most cases, the temporally aligned rhythms have short-from several seconds down to a fraction of a second-periods and are regulated by central nervous system pacemakers, but interactions involving rhythms that are 24 h or longer and originate in biological clocks also occur. Across this spectrum of activities, species and time scales, empirical work and modelling suggest that synchrony arises from a limited number of coupled-oscillator mechanisms with which individuals mutually entrain. Phylogenetic distribution of these common mechanisms points towards convergent evolution. Studies of animal communication indicate that many synchronous interactions between the signals of neighbouring individuals are specifically favoured by selection. However, synchronous displays are often emergent properties of entrainment between signalling individuals, and in some situations, the very signallers who produce a display might not gain any benefit from the collective timing of their production. This article is part of the theme issue 'Synchrony and rhythm interaction: from the brain to behavioural ecology'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Greenfield
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.,Equipe Neuro-Ethologie Sensorielle, ENES/Neuro-PSI, CNRS UMR 9197, Universtiy Lyon/Saint-Etienne, 42023 Saint Etienne, France
| | - Henkjan Honing
- Music Cognition Group (MCG), Institute for Logic, Language and Computation (ILLC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1090 GE, The Netherlands
| | - Sonja A Kotz
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Ravignani
- Comparative Bioacoustics Group, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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