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Ellenberger C, Heenemann K, Vahlenkamp TW, Grothmann P, Herden C, Heinrich A. Borna disease in an adult free-ranging Eurasian beaver (Castor fiber albicus). J Comp Pathol 2024; 209:31-35. [PMID: 38350270 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Borna disease (BD) associated with a peracute bacterial septicaemia with Escherichia coli was diagnosed in an adult female, naturally infected, free-ranging Eurasian beaver of the subspecies Castor fiber albicus, clinically characterized by weight loss, depression, weakness and gurgled peristaltic sounds. The beaver was euthanized humanely. Necropsy and light microscopy revealed a non-purulent meningoencephalitis with typical mononuclear perivascular cuffs and parenchymal infiltrates. The diagnosis of BD was confirmed by detection of viral antigen and RNA by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The PCR product was sequenced and cluster analysis revealed a close relationship between endemic clusters in Saxony-Anhalt. This is the first report of naturally occurring BD in a free-ranging Eurasian beaver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Ellenberger
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, State Office for Consumer Protection of Sachsen-Anhalt, Stendal, Haferbreiter Weg 132-135, D-39576 Stendal, Germany.
| | - Kristin Heenemann
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas W Vahlenkamp
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Pierre Grothmann
- Magdeburg Zoological Garden, Zooallee 1, D-39124 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Christiane Herden
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Frankfurter Strasse 96, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Anja Heinrich
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, State Office for Consumer Protection of Sachsen-Anhalt, Stendal, Haferbreiter Weg 132-135, D-39576 Stendal, Germany
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2
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Sukmak M, Okamoto M, Ando T, Hagiwara K. Genetic stability of the open reading frame 2 (ORF2) of borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1) distributed in cattle in Hokkaido. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:1526-1533. [PMID: 34393150 PMCID: PMC8569879 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Borna disease virus (BoDV) is a neurotropic virus that causes several infections in
humans and neurological diseases in a wide range of animals worldwide. BoDV-1 has been
molecularly and serologically detected in many domestic and wild animals in Japan;
however, the genetic diversity of this virus and the origin of its infection are not fully
understood. In this study, we investigated BoDV-1 infection and genetic diversity in
samples collected from animals in Hokkaido between 2006 and 2020. The analysis was
performed by focusing on the P region of BoDV-1 for virus detection. The presence of
BoDV-1 RNA was observed in samples of brain tissue and various organs derived from
persistently infected cattle. Moreover, after inoculation, BoDV-positive brains were
isolated from neonatal rats. The gene sequences of the P region of BoDV obtained from the
rat brain were in the same cluster as the P region of the virus isolated from the original
bovine. Thus, genetic variation in BoDV-1 was extremely low. The phylogenetic analysis
revealed that BoDV-1 isolates obtained in this study were part of the same cluster, which
suggested that BoDV-1 of the same cluster was widespread among animals in Hokkaido.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manakorn Sukmak
- Department of Farm Resources and Production Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetseart University.,Kamphaengsaen Veterinary Diagnostic Center (KVDC), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetseart University
| | | | - Tastuya Ando
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University
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Yilmaz H, Gurel A, Aktas M, Yildirim F, Bamac OE, Haktanir D, Tekelioglu BK, Gur E, Altan Tarakci E, Helps C, Richt JA, Turan N. Clinical Virological and Pathological Investigations on Horses With Neurologic Disorders in Turkey. J Equine Vet Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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4
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More S, Bøtner A, Butterworth A, Calistri P, Depner K, Edwards S, Garin‐Bastuji B, Good M, Gortázar Schmidt C, Michel V, Miranda MA, Nielsen SS, Raj M, Sihvonen L, Spoolder H, Stegeman JA, Thulke HH, Velarde A, Willeberg P, Winckler C, Baldinelli F, Broglia A, Dhollander S, Beltrán‐Beck B, Kohnle L, Bicout D. Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): Borna disease. EFSA J 2017; 15:e04951. [PMID: 32625602 PMCID: PMC7009998 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Borna disease has been assessed according to the criteria of the Animal Health Law (AHL), in particular criteria of Article 7 on disease profile and impacts, Article 5 on the eligibility of Borna disease to be listed, Article 9 for the categorisation of Borna disease according to disease prevention and control rules as in Annex IV and Article 8 on the list of animal species related to Borna disease. The assessment has been performed following a methodology composed of information collection and compilation, expert judgement on each criterion at individual and, if no consensus was reached before, also at collective level. The output is composed of the categorical answer, and for the questions where no consensus was reached, the different supporting views are reported. Details on the methodology used for this assessment are explained in a separate opinion. According to the assessment performed, Borna disease cannot be considered eligible to be listed for Union intervention as laid down in Article 5(3) of the AHL because there was no compliance on criterion 5 A(v). Consequently, the assessment on compliance of Borna disease with the criteria as in Annex IV of the AHL, for the application of the disease prevention and control rules referred to in Article 9(1) is not applicable, as well as which animal species can be considered to be listed for Borna disease according to Article 8(3) of the AHL.
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Bourg M, Nobach D, Herzog S, Lange-Herbst H, Nesseler A, Hamann HP, Becker S, Höper D, Hoffmann B, Eickmann M, Herden C. Screening red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) for possible viral causes of encephalitis. Virol J 2016; 13:151. [PMID: 27590473 PMCID: PMC5010667 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-016-0608-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Next to various known infectious and non-infectious causes, the aetiology of non-suppurative encephalitis in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) often remains unclear. Known causes in foxes imply rabies, canine distemper, toxoplasmosis, Aujeszky’s disease, as well as parvovirus, adenovirus, circovirus and flavivirus infections. In this study, particular attention was paid on bornaviruses, since red foxes are predators of bicoloured white-toothed shrews, a reservoir of Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1). In addition, foxes are known to be highly susceptible for viruses of the order Mononegavirales. Methods Analyses for the presence of anti-BoDV-1 antibodies, BoDV-1-RNA and antigen were performed on 225 blood and 59 brain samples, from a total of 232 red foxes. Foxes originated from BoDV-1 endemic and non-endemic German areas. Additional investigations for the presence of rabies, canine distemper, toxoplasmosis, Aujeszky’s disease, parvovirus, adenovirus and flavivirus infections were carried out on 16 red foxes with non-suppurative (meningo-) encephalitis. A metagenomic analysis was used on three representative brain samples displaying encephalitis. Results Among 225 foxes, 37 displayed anti-BoDV-1 antibodies with titres ranging between 1:40 and 1:2560, regardless of geographic origin. In 6 out of 16 foxes with encephalitis, canine distemper virus was detected. No evidence of any of the other investigated agents was found in the 16 fox brains with encephalitis. Metagenomics revealed no infectious agents, except for one already known canine distemper case. Conclusion Red foxes can exhibit BoDV-1 specific antibodies without association with geographic origin or encephalitis due to bornavirus infection. The encephalitis pattern was highly conspicuous for a viral infection, but remained unclear in 10 out of 16 foxes. Thus, presently unknown infectious and non-infectious causes need to be considered and further investigated, especially since foxes also tend to occur in human proximity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Bourg
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Daniel Nobach
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sibylle Herzog
- Institute of Virology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Sabrina Becker
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Dirk Höper
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Markus Eickmann
- Institute of Virology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christiane Herden
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany.
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6
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Berg AL, Gavier-Widén D, Nilsson K, Widén F, Berg M, Gregorius S, Agren E, Erlandsson M, Mörner T. Necrotizing Encephalitis of Unknown Cause in Fennoscandian Arctic Foxes (Alopex Lagopus). J Vet Diagn Invest 2016; 19:113-7. [PMID: 17459845 DOI: 10.1177/104063870701900121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A neurologic disease affected a colony of endangered Fennoscandian arctic foxes ( Alopex lagopus) kept in captivity for breeding purposes. Several outbreaks of disease occurred between 1994 and 2004. The clinical signs included ataxia, indications of anosmia, blindness, and abnormal behavior. The disease was characterized by severe necrotizing encephalitis affecting mostly the cranial cerebrum, basal ganglia, and olfactory bulbs. Investigations to identify the etiology of the disease included testing for several infectious agents known to cause encephalitis in carnivores. Tests for Toxoplasma gondii, Encephalitozoon cuniculi, Neospora caninum, canine distemper virus, rabies, adenovirus type 1, Borna disease virus, and Listeria monocytogenes were negative. The colony was closed, and the cause of the disease remains undetermined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lena Berg
- Safety Assessment, Astra Zeneca R&D Södertälje, Södertälje, Sweden
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7
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Zhang L, Wang X, Zhan Q, Wang Z, Xu M, Zhu D, He F, Liu X, Huang R, Li D, Lei Y, Xie P. Evidence for natural Borna disease virus infection in healthy domestic animals in three areas of western China. Arch Virol 2014; 159:1941-9. [PMID: 24573218 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-013-1971-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Borna disease virus (BDV) is a non-cytolytic, neurotropic RNA virus that can infect many vertebrate species, including humans. To date, BDV infection has been reported in a range of animal species across a broad global geographic distribution. However, a systematic epidemiological survey of BDV infection in domesticated animals in China has yet to be performed. In current study, BDV RNA and antibodies in 2353 blood samples from apparently healthy animals of eight species (horse, donkey, dog, pig, rabbit, cattle, goat, sheep) from three areas in western China (Xinjiang province, Chongqing municipality, and Ningxia province) were assayed using reverse transcription qPCR (RT-qPCR) and ELISA assay. Brain tissue samples from a portion of the BDV RNA- and/or antibody-positive animals were subjected to RT-qPCR and western blotting. As a result, varying prevalence of BDV antibodies and/or RNA was demonstrated in various animal species from three areas, ranging from 4.4 % to 20.0 %. Detection of BDV RNA and/or antibodies in Chongqing pigs (9.2 %) provided the first known evidence of BDV infection in this species. Not all brain tissue samples from animals whose blood was BDV RNA and/or antibody positive contained BDV RNA and protein. This study provides evidence that BDV infection among healthy domestic animal species is more widespread in western China than previously believed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
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8
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Kinnunen PM, Palva A, Vaheri A, Vapalahti O. Epidemiology and host spectrum of Borna disease virus infections. J Gen Virol 2012; 94:247-262. [PMID: 23223618 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.046961-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Borna disease virus (BDV) has gained lot of interest because of its zoonotic potential, ability to introduce cDNA of its RNA transcripts into host genomes, and ability to cause severe neurobehavioural diseases. Classical Borna disease is a progressive meningoencephalomyelitis in horses and sheep, known in central Europe for centuries. According to current knowledge, BDV or a close relative also infects several other species, including humans at least occasionally, in central Europe and elsewhere, but the existence of potential 'human Borna disease' with its suspected neuropsychiatric symptoms is highly controversial. The recent detection of endogenized BDV-like genes in primate and various other vertebrate genomes confirms that at least ancient bornaviruses did infect our ancestors. The epidemiology of BDV is largely unknown, but accumulating evidence indicates vectors and reservoirs among small wild mammals. The aim of this review is to bring together the current knowledge on epidemiology of BDV infections. Specifically, geographical and host distribution are addressed and assessed in the critical light of the detection methods used. We also review some salient clinical aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula M Kinnunen
- Infection Biology Research Program Unit, Department of Virology, Haartman Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Airi Palva
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Vaheri
- HUSLAB, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Infection Biology Research Program Unit, Department of Virology, Haartman Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Vapalahti
- HUSLAB, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Infection Biology Research Program Unit, Department of Virology, Haartman Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
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9
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Intracerebral Borna disease virus infection of bank voles leading to peripheral spread and reverse transcription of viral RNA. PLoS One 2011; 6:e23622. [PMID: 21935357 PMCID: PMC3174072 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bornaviruses, which chronically infect many species, can cause severe neurological diseases in some animal species; their association with human neuropsychiatric disorders is, however, debatable. The epidemiology of Borna disease virus (BDV), as for other members of the family Bornaviridae, is largely unknown, although evidence exists for a reservoir in small mammals, for example bank voles (Myodes glareolus). In addition to the current exogenous infections and despite the fact that bornaviruses have an RNA genome, bornavirus sequences integrated into the genomes of several vertebrates millions of years ago. Our hypothesis is that the bank vole, a common wild rodent species in traditional BDV-endemic areas, can serve as a viral host; we therefore explored whether this species can be infected with BDV, and if so, how the virus spreads and whether viral RNA is transcribed into DNA in vivo.We infected neonate bank voles intracerebrally with BDV and euthanized them 2 to 8 weeks post-infection. Specific Ig antibodies were detectable in 41%. Histological evaluation revealed no significant pathological alterations, but BDV RNA and antigen were detectable in all infected brains. Immunohistology demonstrated centrifugal spread throughout the nervous tissue, because viral antigen was widespread in peripheral nerves and ganglia, including the mediastinum, esophagus, and urinary bladder. This was associated with viral shedding in feces, of which 54% were BDV RNA-positive, and urine at 17%. BDV nucleocapsid gene DNA occurred in 66% of the infected voles, and, surprisingly, occasionally also phosphoprotein DNA. Thus, intracerebral BDV infection of bank vole led to systemic infection of the nervous tissue and viral excretion, as well as frequent reverse transcription of the BDV genome, enabling genomic integration. This first experimental bornavirus infection in wild mammals confirms the recent findings regarding bornavirus DNA, and suggests that bank voles are capable of bornavirus transmission.
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10
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Laugier C, Tapprest J, Foucher N, Sevin C. A Necropsy Survey of Neurologic Diseases in 4,319 Horses Examined in Normandy (France) from 1986 to 2006. J Equine Vet Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2009.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Wensman JJ, Thorén P, Hakhverdyan M, Belák S, Berg M. Development of a real-time RT-PCR assay for improved detection of Borna disease virus. J Virol Methods 2007; 143:1-10. [PMID: 17376545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2007.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2006] [Revised: 01/24/2007] [Accepted: 01/31/2007] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Borna disease virus (BDV) is a non-segmented, negative-stranded RNA virus, which infects cells of the central nervous system (CNS) in many different species. BDV is the causative agent of the neurological disorders in horses and sheep termed classical Borna disease (BD), as well as staggering disease in cats. At present, the diagnosis staggering disease or feline BD is made by histopathology or immunohistochemistry of the CNS. In order to obtain a better clinical diagnostic tool, a duplex real-time RT-PCR assay (rRT-PCR) was developed. TaqMan probes and primers specific for the BDV P and BDV L genes were designed by aligning the sequences of known BDV strains. After optimisation, the sensitivity and specificity of the rRT-PCR were established. The detection limit was set to 10-100 viral genomic copies per reaction and the assay detects the BDV strains V and He/80, as well as the most divergent BDV strain known so far, No/98. Furthermore, the system detected feline BDV variants in five naturally infected cats and a feline isolate used in experimental infection of cats. This rRT-PCR assay will be a powerful tool in further studies of BDV, including epidemiological screening and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Johansson Wensman
- Joint Research and Development Division in Virology of National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden.
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12
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Kim YK, Noh KB, Han CS, Moon JY, Yoon DK, Song KJ, Kim DJ, Kubera M, Maes M, Song JW. No borna disease virus-specific RNA detected in blood of race horses and jockeys. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2006; 18:177-80. [PMID: 26989971 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5215.2006.00118.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Borna disease virus (BDV) predominantly infects horses and sheep, causing a broad range of behavioural disorders. It is controversial whether BDV infects humans and causes psychiatric disorders. OBJECTIVES We searched for BDV-derived nucleic acids in blood of race horses and jockeys riding the horses. METHODS We assayed for the BDV genome in RNA extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of 39 race horses and 48 jockeys. Two polymerase chain reaction protocols [one-tube reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and two-step RT-PCR] were used to assay BDV p24 and p40 transcripts. RESULTS The p24 and p40 viral nucleic acid sequences were not detected in the PBMC RNAs from any of the race horses or jockeys. CONCLUSIONS These data do not support an epidemiological association between BDV infection, race horses and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Ku Kim
- 1Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Bo Noh
- 2Department of Microbiology and Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Su Han
- 1Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju-Young Moon
- 2Department of Microbiology and Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Do-Kyung Yoon
- 3Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki-Joon Song
- 2Department of Microbiology and Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dai-Jin Kim
- 4Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Marta Kubera
- 5Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Jin-Won Song
- 2Department of Microbiology and Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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13
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Kamhieh S, Flower R. Borna Disease Virus (BDV) infection in cats a concise review based on current knowledge. Vet Q 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2006.9695210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
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14
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Watanabe Y, Yanai H, Ohtaki N, Ikuta K, Tomonaga K. Prevalence of Borna disease virus antibodies in healthy Japanese black cattle in Kyushu. J Vet Med Sci 2006; 68:171-4. [PMID: 16520541 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.68.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that asymptomatic infection of Borna disease virus (BDV) is found in various species of animals in Japan. Recent reports have also revealed that neurological diseases caused by this virus could exist in horses, cattle, a dog, and cats in this country. In this study, we investigated seroprevalence of BDV antibodies in Japanese black cows reared in Kyushu, the southernmost main island of Japan, using ELISA and Western-immunoblotting. Of 101 serum samples, 11 (10.9%) and 21(20.7%) sera were identified as having antibodies to the BDV N and P antigens, respectively. Among the positive sera, three cows (2.9%) were seropositive for both of the antigens. Furthermore, interestingly, only female cows showed antibodies to P, whereas N antibodies were detected in male and female cows with a comparative ratio. Together with previous studies, our results indicate that BDV might be widely spread in cattle raised in Japan. Furthermore, this is the first report to show that beef cattle, Japanese black cattle, have antibodies against a possible zoonotic pathogen, BDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Watanabe
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-2871, Japan
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15
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Dürrwald R, Kolodziejek J, Muluneh A, Herzog S, Nowotny N. Epidemiological pattern of classical Borna disease and regional genetic clustering of Borna disease viruses point towards the existence of to-date unknown endemic reservoir host populations. Microbes Infect 2006; 8:917-29. [PMID: 16469519 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2005.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2005] [Accepted: 08/25/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Classical Borna disease (cBD), a non-purulent encephalitis of solipeds and sheep, is endemic in certain areas of central Europe. The etiologic agent is Borna disease virus (BDV), thus far the only member of the family Bornaviridae. Based on epidemiological patterns of cBD and recent phylogenetic findings this review hypothesizes the possible existence of yet unknown BDV reservoir host populations, and analyzes critically BDVs from outside endemic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Dürrwald
- Impfstoffwerk Dessau-Tornau GmbH (IDT), Streetzer Weg 15a, D-06862 Rodleben, Germany
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16
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Kamhieh S, Hodgson J, Bode L, Ludwig H, Ward C, Flower RLP. No evidence of endemic Borna disease virus infection in Australian horses in contrast with endemic infection in other continents. Arch Virol 2005; 151:709-19. [PMID: 16328145 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-005-0655-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2005] [Accepted: 09/12/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Borna disease virus (BDV) is a unique RNA virus that is a cause of neurological disease in horses, sheep and cats. The finding that BDV also infects humans has raised concern related to the impact of infection with this virus. The extent to which BDV may be endemic in geographical regions outside Europe is of interest in management of international movement of animals including horses. Sera from Australian horses (N = 553) sampled in Sydney, New South Wales (NSW), were analysed for BDV antigen, circulating immune complexes (CICs), and antibodies by monoclonal antibody-based ELISAs. One-tenth of the samples were investigated by further antibody tests, namely immunofluorescence (IFA) and a peptide ELISA, as well as for BDV RNA. The study revealed a very low frequency of serological markers that may be associated with exposure to BDV in Australian horses from NSW with a few sera (0.7%) displaying low range positive results in the CIC assay, and no detectable BDV RNA. This pattern is inconsistent with endemic BDV infection and strongly contrasts with the pattern of endemic infection, particularly in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kamhieh
- Northern Blood Research Centre, St. Leonards, NSW, Australia
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17
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Cotto E, Neau D, Cransac-Neau M, Auriacombe M, Pellegrin JL, Ragnaud JM, Fillet AM, Belnard M, Fleury H, Lafon ME. Borna disease virus RNA in immunocompromised patients in southwestern France. J Clin Microbiol 2004; 41:5577-81. [PMID: 14662943 PMCID: PMC308971 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.41.12.5577-5581.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Borna disease virus (BDV) is a neurotropic RNA virus with a wide host range. Human infections, although controversial, have been described in Europe, Asia, and the United States. The present study investigated the existence of BDV infections in immunocompromised human beings, namely, 82 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and 80 therapeutically immunosuppressed patients. BDV p40 RNAs were detected in peripheral white blood cells with reverse transcription-nested PCR and hybridization in, respectively, 11 (13.41%) and 1 (1.25%) of the two groups of patients. BDV p24 RNAs were identified in only one of those. BDV RNA was detected in the absence of any neuropsychiatrical illness, suggesting that BDV infections may occur in asymptomatic carriers. The severity and particularity of cellular immunosuppression could explain the significantly increased detection of BDV RNA in HIV-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Cotto
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Université Bordeaux 2, and Centre Hospitalier Régional de Bordeaux, France.
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