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Furusato IN, Figueiredo KB, de Carvalho ACSR, da Silva Ferreira CS, Takahashi JPF, Kimura LM, Aleixo CS, de Brito OP, Luchs A, Cunha MS, de Azevedo Fernandes NCC, de Araújo LJT, Catão-Dias JL, Guerra JM. Detection of herpesviruses in neotropical primates from São Paulo, Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:3201-3209. [PMID: 37688686 PMCID: PMC10689701 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01105-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Transmission of herpesvirus between humans and non-human primates represents a serious potential threat to human health and endangered species conservation. This study aimed to identify herpesvirus genomes in samples of neotropical primates (NTPs) in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. A total of 242 NTPs, including Callithrix sp., Alouatta sp., Sapajus sp., and Callicebus sp., were evaluated by pan-herpesvirus polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing. Sixty-two (25.6%) samples containing genome segments representative of members of the family Herpesviridae, including 16.1% for Callitrichine gammaherpesvirus 3, 6.1% for Human alphaherpesvirus 1, 2.1% for Alouatta macconnelli cytomegalovirus, and 0.83% for Cebus albifrons lymphocryptovirus 1. No co-infections were detected. The detection of herpesvirus genomes was significantly higher among adult animals (p = 0.033) and those kept under human care (p = 0.008671). These findings confirm the importance of monitoring the occurrence of herpesviruses in NTP populations in epizootic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Naomi Furusato
- Centro de Patologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, 351, Pacaembú, São Paulo, SP, 01246000, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Juliana Possatto Fernandes Takahashi
- Centro de Patologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, 351, Pacaembú, São Paulo, SP, 01246000, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Doenças Infecciosas E Parasitárias - Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Do Sul, Bairro Universitário, Av. Costa E Silva, S/nº, Campo Grande, MS, 79070900, Brazil
| | - Lidia Midori Kimura
- Centro de Patologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, 351, Pacaembú, São Paulo, SP, 01246000, Brazil
| | - Camila Siqueira Aleixo
- Centro de Patologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, 351, Pacaembú, São Paulo, SP, 01246000, Brazil
| | - Odília Pereira de Brito
- Centro de Patologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, 351, Pacaembú, São Paulo, SP, 01246000, Brazil
| | - Adriana Luchs
- Centro de Virologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, 351, Pacaembú, São Paulo, SP, 01246000, Brazil
| | - Mariana Sequetin Cunha
- Centro de Virologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, 351, Pacaembú, São Paulo, SP, 01246000, Brazil
| | | | | | - José Luiz Catão-Dias
- Laboratório de Patologia Comparada (LAPCOM), Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Veterinária E Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Orlando Marques de Paiva, 70, São Paulo, SP, 05508270, Brazil
| | - Juliana Mariotti Guerra
- Centro de Patologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, 351, Pacaembú, São Paulo, SP, 01246000, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Patologia Comparada (LAPCOM), Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Veterinária E Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Orlando Marques de Paiva, 70, São Paulo, SP, 05508270, Brazil.
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Osborne AJ, Atkins HM, Balogh KK, Brendle SA, Shearer DA, Hu J, Sample CE, Christensen ND. Antibody-Mediated Immune Subset Depletion Modulates the Immune Response in a Rabbit ( Oryctolagus cuniculus) Model of Epstein-Barr Virus Infection. Comp Med 2020; 70:312-322. [PMID: 32972486 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-cm-20-000019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) is a γ-herpesvirus which infects over 90% of the adult human population. Most notably, this virus causes infectious mononucleosis but it is also associated with cancers such as Hodgkin and Burkitt lymphoma. EBV is a species-specific virus and has been studied in many animal models, including nonhuman primates, guinea pigs, humanized mice, and tree shrews. However, none of these animal models are considered the "gold standard" for EBV research. Recently, rabbits have emerged as a viable alternative model, as they are susceptible to EBV infection. In addition, the EBV infection progresses after immune suppression with cyclosporine A (CsA), modeling the reactivation of EBV after latency. We sought to refine this model for acute or active EBV infections by performing antibody-mediated depletion of certain immune subsets in rabbits. Fourteen 16 to 20-wk old, NZW rabbits were intravenously inoculated with EBV and concurrently treated with either anti-CD4 T-cell antibody, anti-pan-T-cell antibody (anti CD45), CSA, or, as a control, anti-HPV antibody. Rabbits that received the depleting antibodies were treated with CsA 3 times at a dose of 15 mg/kg SC once per day for 4 d starting at the time of EBV inoculation then the dose was increased to 20 mg/kg SC twice weekly for 2 wk. Weights, temperatures, and clinical signs were monitored, and rabbits were anesthetized once weekly for blood collection. When compared with the control group, anti-CD4-treated rabbits had fewer clinical signs and displayed higher levels of viral DNA via qPCR in splenocytes; however, flow cytometry results showed only a partial depletion of CD4 T-cells. Treatment with anti-pan-T-cell antibody did not result in noticeable T-cell depletion. These data suggest the EBV-infected rabbit is a promising model for testing antiviral medications and prophylactic vaccines for EBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea J Osborne
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Hannah M Atkins
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Karla K Balogh
- Department of Pathology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Sarah A Brendle
- Department of Pathology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Debra A Shearer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Jiafen Hu
- Department of Pathology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Clare E Sample
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Neil D Christensen
- Department of Pathology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania;,
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Lacoste V, Lavergne A, de Thoisy B, Pouliquen JF, Gessain A. Genetic diversity and molecular evolution of human and non-human primate Gammaherpesvirinae. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2009; 10:1-13. [PMID: 19879975 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2009.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2009] [Revised: 10/19/2009] [Accepted: 10/21/2009] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The Gammaherpesvirinae sub-family is divided into two genera: Lymphocryptovirus and Rhadinovirus. Until the middle of the 1990s, the Rhadinovirus genus was only represented by Herpesvirus saimiri and Herpesvirus ateles, which infect New World monkey species. Until the year 2000, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), the human prototype of the Lymphocryptovirus, and simian homologues had only been detected in humans and Old World non-human primates. It was thought, therefore, that the separation of the continents had resulted in drastic changes in Gammaherpesvirinae evolution. The discovery of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus in humans, belonging to the Rhadinovirus, followed by the identification of CalHV3 (Callitrichine herpesvirus 3), a lymphocryptovirus of the marmoset, challenged this paradigm. The description of numerous viruses belonging to this sub-family from various Old and New World primate species enabled a cospeciation hypothesis for these viruses and their hosts to be developed. This review focuses on the current knowledge of primate Gammaherpesvirinae genetic diversity and molecular evolution. We discuss the various theories based on current genetic data regarding evolutionary relationships between lymphocryptoviruses of Old World primates, the use of these data as a tool to study evolutionary relationships between New World monkey species, and the possible existence of a ninth human herpesvirus belonging to the Rhadinovirus genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Lacoste
- Laboratoire des Interactions Virus-Hôtes, Institut Pasteur de Guyane, 23 avenue Pasteur, BP6010, 97306 Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana.
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Wu L, Hutt-Fletcher LM. Compatibility of the gH homologues of Epstein-Barr virus and related lymphocryptoviruses. J Gen Virol 2007; 88:2129-2136. [PMID: 17622614 PMCID: PMC2396492 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.82949-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycoprotein gH, together with its chaperone gL and a third glycoprotein gB, is essential for cell-cell fusion and virus-cell fusion mediated by herpesviruses. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), the prototype human lymphocryptovirus, requires a fourth glycoprotein gp42 to support fusion with B cells in addition to epithelial cells. Two other lymphocryptoviruses, the rhesus lymphocryptovirus (Rh-LCV) and the common marmoset lymphocryptovirus (CalHV3), have been sequenced in their entirety and each has a gp42 homologue. Combinations of proteins from EBV, Rh-LCV and CalHV3 were able to mediate fusion of epithelial cells, but, even when complexed with EBV gp42, only Rh-LCV and not CalHV3 proteins were able to mediate fusion with human B cells. CalHV3 gL was also unable to function effectively as a chaperone for EBV or Rh-LCV gH. The Rh-LCV gH homologue supported more fusion than EBV gH with an epithelial cell and supported the highest levels of fusion with a B cell. Chimeric constructs made from Rh-LCV gH and EBV gH that have 85.4 % sequence identity should prove useful for mapping the regions of gH that are of importance to fusion as a whole and to B-cell fusion in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liguo Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular and Tumor Virology and Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Lindsey M Hutt-Fletcher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular and Tumor Virology and Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
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Lacoste V, Verschoor EJ, Nerrienet E, Gessain A. A novel homologue of Human herpesvirus 6 in chimpanzees. J Gen Virol 2005; 86:2135-2140. [PMID: 16033960 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.81034-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the Betaherpesvirinae, human cytomegalovirus is the only virus to possess simian homologues. Indeed, intriguingly, no close simian homologue of the roseoloviruses Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) and Human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7), the other two human members of the Betaherpesvirinae, has been identified to date. Here, the first simian homologue of HHV-6 is described, which was identified in common chimpanzees and designated PanHV6. By using a degenerate consensus PCR method, three different gene fragments were amplified, corresponding to the DNA polymerase (U38), beta-chemokine receptor (U12) and viral transactivator (U42) genes, with 94-96 % (nucleotide) and 95-97 % (amino acid) sequence identity to the corresponding genes of HHV-6B. Analysis of 77 predominantly wild-caught chimpanzees identified a unique PanHV6 strain in 21 animals, with no viral sequence variation between the different chimpanzee subspecies that were found to be infected. Characterization of this virus represents a great potential to gain a better understanding of the diseases associated with HHV-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Lacoste
- Unité d'Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Département EEMI, Bâtiment Lwoff, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France
| | - Ernst J Verschoor
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Center (BPRC), Lange Kleiweg 139, 2288 GJ Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | | | - Antoine Gessain
- Unité d'Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Département EEMI, Bâtiment Lwoff, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France
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Fogg MH, Carville A, Cameron J, Quink C, Wang F. Reduced prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus-related lymphocryptovirus infection in sera from a new world primate. J Virol 2005; 79:10069-72. [PMID: 16014968 PMCID: PMC1181547 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.79.15.10069-10072.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent discovery of an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-related lymphocryptovirus (LCV) naturally infecting common marmosets demonstrated that gamma-1 herpesviruses are not limited to human and Old World nonhuman primate hosts. We developed serologic assays to detect serum antibodies against lytic- and latent-infection marmoset LCV antigens in order to perform the first seroepidemiologic study of LCV infection in New World primates. In three different domestic colonies and in animals recently captured from the wild, we found that the seroprevalence of marmoset LCV infection was not as ubiquitous as with EBV or Old World LCV. These biologic differences in LCV infection of New World versus human and Old World primate hosts correlate with the evolution of the LCV viral gene repertoire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark H Fogg
- Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Chiou SH, Chow KC, Yang CH, Chiang SF, Lin CH. Discovery of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-encoded RNA signal and EBV nuclear antigen leader protein DNA sequence in pet dogs. J Gen Virol 2005; 86:899-905. [PMID: 15784884 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.80792-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-related virus infection in pet dogs. The presence of antibodies to EBV antigens and EBV-related DNA was determined by Western blot analysis and PCR, respectively. Among 36 pet dogs examined for serum antibodies, 32 (88·9 %) were positive for EBV-specific thymidine kinase, 15 (41·7 %) for EBV-encoded DNA-binding protein and 10 (27·8 %) for EBV-specific DNA polymerase. A BamHI W fragment sequence encoding part of the EBV nuclear antigen leader protein was detected by PCR in corresponding leukocyte DNA samples. Among 21 dogs tested, 15 (71·4 %) were positive for the BamHI W fragment sequence. The specificity of the amplified DNA fragments was confirmed by DNA sequencing. Within the amplified region of the BamHI W fragment (241 bp), DNA sequences detected in 10 dogs had 99·2 % (two nucleotide variations), 99·6 % (one nucleotide variation) or 100 % identity to that of EBV. Furthermore, an EBV-encoded RNA signal was detected by in situ hybridization in dog lymphocytes, as well as in bone-marrow sections, indicating a latent infection with EBV or an EBV-like virus. In conclusion, although the sample size was small, these results showed that a widespread EBV-related gammaherpesvirus could be detected in the peripheral blood and bone marrow of pet dogs. Although no evident zoonotic transmission was detected, further studies are imperative for disclosing the biological significance of this canine EBV-like virus, which may correlate with human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiow-Her Chiou
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Microbiology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Kuan-Chih Chow
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chih-Huan Yang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shu-Fen Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Microbiology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chun-Hao Lin
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Microbiology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Rose TM. CODEHOP-mediated PCR - a powerful technique for the identification and characterization of viral genomes. Virol J 2005; 2:20. [PMID: 15769292 PMCID: PMC1079958 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-2-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2005] [Accepted: 03/15/2005] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Consensus-Degenerate Hybrid Oligonucleotide Primer (CODEHOP) PCR primers derived from amino acid sequence motifs which are highly conserved between members of a protein family have proven to be highly effective in the identification and characterization of distantly related family members. Here, the use of the CODEHOP strategy to identify novel viruses and obtain sequence information for phylogenetic characterization, gene structure determination and genome analysis is reviewed. While this review describes techniques for the identification of members of the herpesvirus family of DNA viruses, the same methodology and approach is applicable to other virus families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M Rose
- Department of Pathobiology, Box 357238, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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Ferrari MG, Stevceva L, Markham P, Franchini G. Species-specific transformation of T cells by HV(MNE). Virology 2003; 317:299-307. [PMID: 14698668 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2003.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
HV(MNE) is an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-like lymphocryptovirus (LCV) originally isolated from a Macaca nemestrina with CD8(+) T cell mycosis fungoides/cutaneous T cell lymphoma (Blood 98 (2001), 2193). HV(MNE) transforms rabbit T cells in vitro and causes T cell lymphoma in New Zealand white rabbits. Here we demonstrate that HV(MNE) also immortalizes T cells from mustached tamarins but not those from owl monkeys, common marmosets, squirrel monkeys, black-capped capuchins, and humans. Cytogenetic and FACS analysis revealed the true origin and T cell lineage of the transformed tamarin T cell lines. Tamarin T cells contained HV(MNE) DNA sequence and displayed a decreased requirement for the IL-2 cytokine for growth. Thus, this EBV-like virus from M. nemestrina differs from the other EBV-like viruses found in nonhuman primates inasmuch as it appears to preferentially transform T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grazia Ferrari
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, 41/D804, Bethesda, MD 20892-5055, USA
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de Thoisy B, Pouliquen JF, Lacoste V, Gessain A, Kazanji M. Novel gamma-1 herpesviruses identified in free-ranging new world monkeys (golden-handed tamarin [Saguinus midas], squirrel monkey [Saimiri sciureus], and white-faced saki [Pithecia pithecia]) in French Guiana. J Virol 2003; 77:9099-105. [PMID: 12885928 PMCID: PMC167222 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.77.16.9099-9105.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent finding of a novel Epstein-Barr virus-related lymphocryptovirus (CalHV-3) in a captive colony of common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) in the United States modifies the view that the host range of lymphocryptovirus is restricted to humans and Old World primates. We investigated the presence of Epstein-Barr virus-related viruses in 79 samples of New World monkeys caught in the wild, including six species of the Cebidae family and one of the Callitrichidae, living in the rain forest of French Guiana. Using a degenerate consensus PCR method for the herpesvirus DNA polymerase gene, we identified three novel lymphocryptoviruses from golden-handed tamarin (Saguinus midas) of the Callitrichidae family and squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) and white-faced saki (Pithecia pithecia) of the Cebidae family. With the CalHV-3 strain, these three novel viruses constitute a well-supported phylogenetic clade in the Lymphocryptovirus genus, which is clearly distinct from the lineage of Old World lymphocryptovirus, hosted by catarrhine monkeys and humans. In tamarins, the prevalence of the novel lymphocryptovirus was more than 50%, indicating that it circulates well in the wild population, perhaps due to specific ecoethological patterns such as confrontations and intergroup migration. The detection and partial molecular characterization of the polymerase gene of three novel Gamma-1-Herpesvirinae from New World monkeys caught in the wild clearly indicate that free-ranging populations of platyrrhine are natural hosts of lymphocryptoviruses. Further characterization of these novel viruses will provide new insight not only into the origin and evolution of Gammaherpesvirinae but also into their pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit de Thoisy
- Laboratoire de Rétrovirologie, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
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