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Marfil MJ, Blanco FC, Colombatti Olivieri MA, Eirin ME, Zumárraga MJ. Transmissibility of Mycobacterium pinnipedii in a murine model. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1328981. [PMID: 38606297 PMCID: PMC11007016 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1328981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The causative agent of tuberculosis in pinnipeds is Mycobacterium pinnipedii, a member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC). The natural hosts are pinnipeds; however, other non-marine mammals, including humans, can also be infected. The transmissibility of a pathogen is related to its virulence. The transmissibility of a M. pinnipedii strain (i.e., 1856) was investigated in a murine model and compared with that of two Mycobacterium bovis strains (i.e., 534 and 04-303) with different reported virulence. Non-inoculated mice (sentinels) were co-housed with intratracheally inoculated mice. Detailed inspection of mice to search for visible tuberculosis lesions in the lungs and spleen was performed, and bacillus viability at 30, 60, and 90 days post-inoculation (dpi) was assayed. A transmissibility of 100% was recorded at 30 dpi in sentinel mice co-housed with the inoculated mice from the M. pinnipedii and M. bovis 04-303 groups, as evidenced by the recovery of viable M. pinnipedii and M. bovis from the lungs of sentinel mice. Mice inoculated with M. pinnipedii (1856) and M. bovis (534) survived until euthanized, whereas five of the M. bovis 04-303-inoculated mice died at 17 dpi. This study constitutes the first report of the transmissibility of a M. pinnipedii strain in mice and confirms the utility of this experimental model to study virulence features such as the transmission of poorly characterized MTC species.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Jimena Marfil
- Cátedra de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma d Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Federico Carlos Blanco
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO) UEDD CONICET-Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Argentina (INTA), Centro de Investigación en Cs. Veterinarias y Agronómicas (CICVyA)-CNIA, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Alejandra Colombatti Olivieri
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO) UEDD CONICET-Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Argentina (INTA), Centro de Investigación en Cs. Veterinarias y Agronómicas (CICVyA)-CNIA, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Emilia Eirin
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO) UEDD CONICET-Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Argentina (INTA), Centro de Investigación en Cs. Veterinarias y Agronómicas (CICVyA)-CNIA, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martín José Zumárraga
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO) UEDD CONICET-Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Argentina (INTA), Centro de Investigación en Cs. Veterinarias y Agronómicas (CICVyA)-CNIA, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Fiorito C, Marfil J, Falzoni E, Martínez Vivot M, Zumárraga M, Lombardo D, Barandiaran S. Tuberculosis in wild South American sea lions Otaria flavescens stranded in Chubut, Argentina. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2020; 142:33-40. [PMID: 33210609 DOI: 10.3354/dao03520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pinniped tuberculosis, commonly caused by Mycobacterium pinnipedii, is a zoonotic disease reported in free-living and captive otariid species of the southern hemisphere. Currently, data concerning pinniped tuberculosis in South America are scarce, reinforcing the need for further studies of the disease in free-ranging pinnipeds. In this study, we investigated the presence of tuberculosis in South American sea lions Otaria flavescens (SASLs) stranded along the Chubut coastline (Argentina). Necropsies were performed in 9 SASLs, and tissue samples were collected for histopathology, bacteriology, and molecular diagnosis. Four SASLs showed enlarged tracheobronchial lymph nodes (TBLNs) with multifocal to coalescing granulomas. In these animals, a direct IS6110-PCR amplification confirmed the presence of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex member in TBLNs (n = 4) and lungs (n = 2), but the agent could not be further identified. In one SASL, Mycobacterium murale was isolated from lungs without lesions. This study confirms the presence of tuberculosis in SASLs from Chubut, where tourist activities promote close interaction with the animals, generating a potential risk to human health. Further research is currently focusing on addressing the prevalence of tuberculosis in wild SASLs, to assess the risk for public health and develop management strategies to avoid human infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Fiorito
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos (CESIMAR-CONICET), U9120, Chubut, Argentina
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3
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A systematic review on the distribution of Mycobacterium bovis infection among wildlife in the Americas. Trop Anim Health Prod 2019; 51:1801-1805. [PMID: 31197725 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-01954-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of Mycobacterium bovis infection in wildlife places at risk livestock, public health, and ecosystems that house endangered species. However, data on wild species that may act as possible reservoirs in the Americas are scarce. This systematic review analyses the available data on wildlife in the Americas regarding the infection by M. bovis. We searched articles published in indexed journals using the keywords: "Mycobacterium bovis," "wild," and "animals". After applying the keywords using online databases, during March and August of 2018, we found 12 articles which encompassed 15 species of wild animals, of which three consisted of wild ruminants. The evidence showed that M. bovis is present among the wild animals in the Americas. The methodological limitations for diagnosing M. bovis in wild animals are many, demanding the development of new and more precise tools. Furthermore, new researches are needed to elucidate the role of the wild animals in the epidemiology of M. bovis and its possible impact on production animals and public health.
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Martins Melo A, Silva Filho RPD, von Groll A, Reis AJ, Diniz J, Perdigão J, Portugal I, da Silva PEA, Borelli Grecco F, Orzechowski Xavier M. Tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium pinnipedii in a wild South American sea lion Otaria flavescens stranded in southern Brazil. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2019; 133:189-194. [PMID: 31187733 DOI: 10.3354/dao03342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) in pinnipeds is typically caused by Mycobacterium pinnipedii, which has also been associated with infections in other species, such as cattle and humans. As a result, this pathogen has zoonotic potential and is a public health concern. In 2016, a female South American sea lion Otaria flavescens in southern Brazil presented with emaciation and severe dyspnea and died within 3 h of capture. Gross pathology identified pulmonary granulomas, and Ziehl-Neelsen stain identified acid-fast bacilli. M. tuberculosis complex bacteria were confirmed by a BD BACTEC™ MGIT™ 320 detection system using fibrinous exudate, lung granulomas and thoracic fluid. Molecular characterization by spoligotyping showed a hybridization pattern characteristic of M. pinnipedii (SIT593/PINI1). Currently, there is a paucity of data concerning the transmission and epidemiology of M. pinnipedii in pinniped populations in South America. The case report shows that the disease appeared in a free-ranging beached sea lion on the coast, and further surveillance is needed to determine the origin of this TB because of its potential impact on public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryse Martins Melo
- Centro de Recuperação de Animais Marinhos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, 96200-580, Brazil
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Witas HW, Donoghue HD, Kubiak D, Lewandowska M, Gładykowska-Rzeczycka JJ. Molecular studies on ancient M. tuberculosis and M. leprae: methods of pathogen and host DNA analysis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2015. [PMID: 26210385 PMCID: PMC4545183 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-015-2427-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Humans have evolved alongside infectious diseases for millennia. Despite the efforts to reduce their incidence, infectious diseases still pose a tremendous threat to the world population. Fast development of molecular techniques and increasing risk of new epidemics have resulted in several studies that look to the past in order to investigate the origin and evolution of infectious diseases. Tuberculosis and leprosy have become frequent targets of such studies, owing to the persistence of their molecular biomarkers in ancient material and the characteristic skeletal lesions each disease may cause. This review examines the molecular methods used to screen for the presence of M. tuberculosis and M. leprae ancient DNA (aDNA) and their differentiation in ancient human remains. Examples of recent studies, mainly from Europe, that employ the newest techniques of molecular analysis are also described. Moreover, we present a specific approach based on assessing the likely immunological profile of historic populations, in order to further elucidate the influence of M. tuberculosis and M. leprae on historical human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- H W Witas
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland,
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Sun Z, Li W, Xu S, Huang H. The discovery, function and development of the variable number tandem repeats in different Mycobacterium species. Crit Rev Microbiol 2015; 42:738-58. [PMID: 26089025 DOI: 10.3109/1040841x.2015.1022506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The method of genotyping by variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs) facilitates the epidemiological studies of different Mycobacterium species worldwide. Until now, the VNTR method is not fully understood, for example, its discovery, function and classification. The inconsistent nomenclature and terminology of VNTR is especially confusing. In this review, we first describe in detail the VNTRs in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), as this pathogen resulted in more deaths than any other microbial pathogen as well as for which extensive studies of VNTRs were carried out, and then we outline the recent progress of the VNTR-related epidemiological research in several other Mycobacterium species, such as M. abscessus, M. africanum, M. avium, M. bovis, M. canettii, M. caprae, M. intracellulare, M. leprae, M. marinum, M. microti, M. pinnipedii and M. ulcerans from different countries and regions. This article is aimed mainly at the practical notes of VNTR to help the scientists in better understanding and performing this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaogang Sun
- a Beijing Tuberculosis & Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory for Drug Resistance Tuberculosis Research , Beijing , China and
| | - Weimin Li
- b Beijing Chest Hospital, National Tuberculosis Clinical Laboratory, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Shaofa Xu
- b Beijing Chest Hospital, National Tuberculosis Clinical Laboratory, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Hairong Huang
- b Beijing Chest Hospital, National Tuberculosis Clinical Laboratory, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
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7
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Boritsch EC, Supply P, Honoré N, Seeman T, Stinear TP, Brosch R. A glimpse into the past and predictions for the future: the molecular evolution of the tuberculosis agent. Mol Microbiol 2014; 93:835-52. [DOI: 10.1111/mmi.12720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva C. Boritsch
- Institut Pasteur; Unit for Integrated Mycobacterial Pathogenomics; Paris France
| | - Philip Supply
- INSERM U1019; Lille France
- CNRS UMR 8204; Lille France
- University of Lille Nord de France; Lille France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille; Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille; Lille France
| | - Nadine Honoré
- Institut Pasteur; Unit for Integrated Mycobacterial Pathogenomics; Paris France
| | - Torsten Seeman
- Victorian Bioinformatics Consortium; Monash University; Clayton Victoria Australia
| | - Timothy P. Stinear
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; University of Melbourne; Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Roland Brosch
- Institut Pasteur; Unit for Integrated Mycobacterial Pathogenomics; Paris France
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Barandiaran S, Martínez Vivot M, Moras EV, Cataldi AA, Zumárraga MJ. Mycobacterium bovis in Swine: Spoligotyping of Isolates from Argentina. Vet Med Int 2011; 2011:979647. [PMID: 21547236 PMCID: PMC3087618 DOI: 10.4061/2011/979647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 02/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 143 Mycobacterium bovis isolates of pigs, from the most productive swine area in Argentina, were typed by spoligotyping. Twenty-two different spoligotypes were identified, and 133 (93%) isolates were grouped into 12 clusters. One of them, designed SB0140, was the most frequent because it held 83 (58%) isolates. This spoligotype also grouped 362 (43%) out of 841 isolates from previously typed cattle and, thus, constitutes the most frequent in our country. In addition, 135 (94%) isolates revealed spoligotypes identical to those of cattle, showing an epidemiological link. On the other hand, there were seven novel spoligotypes, six of which were also unique since they had only one isolate each. This study aimed to identify the spoligotypes of M. bovis isolated from pigs to contribute to a better understanding of the distribution of bovine tuberculosis in the main productive area of Argentina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soledad Barandiaran
- School of Veterinary of Buenos Aires University, Chorroarín 280, C1427CWO, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Aguilar León D, Zumárraga MJ, Jiménez Oropeza R, Gioffré AK, Bernardelli A, Orozco Estévez H, Cataldi AA, Hernández Pando R. Mycobacterium bovis with different genotypes and from different hosts induce dissimilar immunopathological lesions in a mouse model of tuberculosis. Clin Exp Immunol 2009; 157:139-47. [PMID: 19659779 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2009.03923.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
With the hypothesis that genetic variability of Mycobacterium bovis could influence virulence and immunopathology, five M. bovis strains were selected from an epidemiological study in Argentina on the basis of their prevalence in cattle and occurrence in other species. We then determined the virulence and the immunopathology evoked by these strains in a well-characterized mouse model of progressive pulmonary tuberculosis. The reference strain AN5 was used as a control. BALB/c mice infected with this M. bovis reference strain showed 50% survival after 4 months of infection, with moderate bacillary counts in the lung. Two weeks after inoculation, it induced a strong inflammatory response with numerous granulomas and progressive pneumonia. In contrast, strain 04-303, isolated from a wild boar, was the most lethal and its most striking feature was sudden pneumonia with extensive necrosis. Strain 04-302, also isolated from wild boar but with a different spoligotype, induced similar pathology but to a lesser extent. In contrast, strains 534, V2 (both from cattle) and 02-2B (from human) were less virulent, permitting higher survival after 4 months of infection and limited tissue damage. Strain AN5 and the cattle and human isolates induced rapid, high and stable expression of interferon (IFN)-gamma and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). In contrast, the more virulent strains induced lower expression of IFN-gamma, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and iNOS. Interestingly, these more virulent strains induced very low expression of murine beta defensin 4 (mBD-4); whereas, the control strain AN5 induced progressive expression of this anti-microbial peptide, peaking at day 120. The less virulent strains induced high mBD-4 expression during early infection. Thus, as reported with clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis, M. bovis also showed variable virulence. This variability can be attributed to the induction of a different pattern of immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Aguilar León
- Experimental Pathology Section, Department of Pathology, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, México
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Abdelbaqi K, Ménard A, Prouzet-Mauleon V, Bringaud F, Lehours P, Mégraud F. Nucleotide sequence of the gyrA gene of Arcobacter species and characterization of human ciprofloxacin-resistant clinical isolates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 49:337-45. [PMID: 17378897 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2006.00208.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The nucleotide sequence of the gyrA gene of Arcobacter butzleri, Arcobacter cryaerophilus, Arcobacter cibarius, and Arcobacter skirrowii was determined. The deduced GyrA proteins are closely related to those of Wolinella succinogenes and Helicobacter pullorum, whereas those of Campylobacter species showed less sequence identity. The phylogenetic analysis of GyrA sequences provides a result similar to 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogenetic analysis and allows the discrimination among A. butzleri species. In addition, a Thr-->Ile mutation at amino acid 85 in the quinolone resistance-determining region was associated with ciprofloxacin resistance for two A. butzleri and one A. cryaerophilus ciprofloxacin-resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalil Abdelbaqi
- Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, Centre National de Référence des Campylobacters et Helicobacters, Laboratoire de Bacteriologie, Bordeaux, France
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Huard RC, Fabre M, de Haas P, Lazzarini LCO, van Soolingen D, Cousins D, Ho JL. Novel genetic polymorphisms that further delineate the phylogeny of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. J Bacteriol 2006; 188:4271-87. [PMID: 16740934 PMCID: PMC1482959 DOI: 10.1128/jb.01783-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In a previous report, we described a PCR protocol for the differentiation of the various species of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) on the basis of genomic deletions (R. C. Huard, L. C. de Oliveira Lazzarini, W. R. Butler, D. van Soolingen, and J. L. Ho, J. Clin. Microbiol. 41:1637-1650, 2003). That report also provided a broad cross-comparison of several previously identified, phylogenetically relevant, long-sequence and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (LSPs and SNPs, respectively). In the present companion report, we expand upon the previous work (i) by continuing the evaluation of known MTC phylogenetic markers in a larger collection of tubercle bacilli (n = 125), (ii) by evaluating additional recently reported MTC species-specific and interspecific polymorphisms, and (iii) by describing the identification and distribution of a number of novel LSPs and SNPs. Notably, new genomic deletions were found in various Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains, new species-specific SNPs were identified for "Mycobacterium canettii," Mycobacterium microti, and Mycobacterium pinnipedii, and, for the first time, intraspecific single-nucleotide DNA differences were discovered for the dassie bacillus, the oryx bacillus, and the two Mycobacterium africanum subtype I variants. Surprisingly, coincident polymorphisms linked one M. africanum subtype I genotype with the dassie bacillus and M. microti with M. pinnipedii, thereby suggesting closer evolutionary ties within each pair of species than had been previously thought. Overall, the presented data add to the genetic definitions of several MTC organisms as well as fine-tune current models for the evolutionary history of the MTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard C Huard
- Division of International Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Medical College, Cornell University, Room A-421, 525 East 68th St., New York, NY 10021, USA
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Goh KS, Fabre M, Huard RC, Schmid S, Sola C, Rastogi N. Study of the gyrB gene polymorphism as a tool to differentiate among Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex subspecies further underlines the older evolutionary age of ‘Mycobacterium canettii’. Mol Cell Probes 2006; 20:182-90. [PMID: 16517119 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2005.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2005] [Accepted: 11/21/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The present investigation evaluated the PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of hsp65 and gyrB targets for differentiation of the species within the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) both by including new restriction enzymes and previously unstudied species. The hsp65 restriction analysis using HhaI resulted in a characteristic 'Mycobacterium canettii' pattern. A study of the gyrB gene polymorphism using TaqIalpha and HinfI allowed the initial division of MTC into two major groups, one consisting of M. tuberculosis and 'M. canettii' as opposed to another single group with other species. Three different patterns were observed with RsaI, the first characteristic of Mycobacterium microti, the second with Mycobacterium bovis, M. bovis BCG and Mycobacterium caprae (M. caprae was easily separated from M. bovis, and M. bovis BCG by SacII digestion), and the third with M. tuberculosis, 'M. canettii', Mycobacterium africanum, Mycobacterium pinnipedii, and the dassie bacillus. Although further discrimination within the last group was not obtained using additional restriction enzymes, the HaeIII and RsaI digestions highlighted an important gyrB polymorphism among 'M. canettii' strains. A study of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) within the gyrB by sequence analysis not only confirmed the results of the restriction analysis, but showed further differences among 'M. canettii' isolates that were not picked up using the existing battery of restriction enzymes. As many as 11 different SNPs were identified in the collection of eight 'M. canettii' isolates studied. Considering that gyrB variability among MTC member species other than 'M. canettii' is as restricted as hsp65 variability among MTC, our data corroborate a recent proposition that the 'M. canettii' group is evolutionary much older than the other MTC members. In conclusion, gyrB PCR-RFLP is a simple and rapid low-cost method that combined with phenotypic characteristics, may be helpful to differentiate most of the subspecies within the MTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khye Seng Goh
- Unité de la Tuberculose et des Mycobactéries, Institut Pasteur de Guadeloupe, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, Morne Jolivière, BP484, F97183 Abymes, Cedex, Guadeloupe
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Bigi F, Garcia-Pelayo MC, Nuñez-García J, Peralta A, Caimi KC, Golby P, Hinds J, Cataldi A, Gordon SV, Romano MI. Identification of genetic markers forMycobacterium pinnipediithrough genome analysis. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2005; 248:147-52. [PMID: 15979818 DOI: 10.1016/j.femsle.2005.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2005] [Revised: 03/15/2005] [Accepted: 05/15/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis in seals is caused by Mycobacterium pinnipedii, a member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. In this study, we evaluated the extent of genetic variability among Mycobacterium bovis and M. pinnipedii by microarray-based comparative genomics. We identified two deletions that are exclusive to M. pinnipedii: PiD1 that removes the orthologues of the M. tuberculosis genes Rv3530c and Rv3531c, and PiD2 that encompasses genes Rv1977 and Rv1978. Interestingly, a deletion overlapping the previously described RD2 region was identified in some isolates of Mycobacterium microti and further characterised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Bigi
- Institute of Biotechnology, CICVyA-INTA, 1712 Castelar, Argentina.
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Marmiesse M, Brodin P, Buchrieser C, Gutierrez C, Simoes N, Vincent V, Glaser P, Cole ST, Brosch R. Macro-array and bioinformatic analyses reveal mycobacterial 'core' genes, variation in the ESAT-6 gene family and new phylogenetic markers for the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2004; 150:483-496. [PMID: 14766927 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.26662-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
To better understand the biology and the virulence determinants of the two major mycobacterial human pathogens Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae, their genome sequences have been determined recently. In silico comparisons revealed that among the 1439 genes common to both M. tuberculosis and M. leprae, 219 genes code for proteins that show no similarity with proteins from other organisms. Therefore, the latter 'core' genes could be specific for mycobacteria or even for the intracellular mycobacterial pathogens. To obtain more information as to whether these genes really were mycobacteria-specific, they were included in a focused macro-array, which also contained genes from previously defined regions of difference (RD) known to be absent from Mycobacterium bovis BCG relative to M. tuberculosis. Hybridization of DNA from 40 strains of the M. tuberculosis complex and in silico comparison of these genes with the near-complete genome sequences from Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium marinum and Mycobacterium smegmatis were undertaken to answer this question. The results showed that among the 219 conserved genes, very few were not present in all the strains tested. Some of these missing genes code for proteins of the ESAT-6 family, a group of highly immunogenic small proteins whose presence and number is variable among the genomically highly conserved members of the M. tuberculosis complex. Indeed, the results suggest that, with few exceptions, the 'core' genes conserved among M. tuberculosis H37Rv and M. leprae are also highly conserved among other mycobacterial strains, which makes them interesting potential targets for developing new specific anti-mycobacterial drugs. In contrast, the genes from RD regions showed great variability among certain members of the M. tuberculosis complex, and some new specific deletions in Mycobacterium canettii, Mycobacterium microti and seal isolates were identified and further characterized during this study. Together with the distribution of a particular 6 or 7 bp micro-deletion in the gene encoding the polyketide synthase pks15/1, these results confirm and further extend the revised phylogenetic model for the M. tuberculosis complex recently presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Marmiesse
- Unité de Génétique Moléculaire Bactérienne, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Priscille Brodin
- Unité de Génétique Moléculaire Bactérienne, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Carmen Buchrieser
- Laboratoire de Génomique des Micro-organismes Pathogènes, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Christina Gutierrez
- Centre National de Référence des Mycobactéries, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Nathalie Simoes
- Laboratoire de Génomique des Micro-organismes Pathogènes, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Veronique Vincent
- Centre National de Référence des Mycobactéries, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Philippe Glaser
- Laboratoire de Génomique des Micro-organismes Pathogènes, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Stewart T Cole
- Unité de Génétique Moléculaire Bactérienne, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Roland Brosch
- Unité de Génétique Moléculaire Bactérienne, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
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15
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Cousins DV, Bastida R, Cataldi A, Quse V, Redrobe S, Dow S, Duignan P, Murray A, Dupont C, Ahmed N, Collins DM, Butler WR, Dawson D, Rodríguez D, Loureiro J, Romano MI, Alito A, Zumarraga M, Bernardelli A. Tuberculosis in seals caused by a novel member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex: Mycobacterium pinnipedii sp. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2003; 53:1305-1314. [PMID: 13130011 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.02401-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A comparison of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates from seals (pinnipeds) in Australia, Argentina, Uruguay, Great Britain and New Zealand was undertaken to determine their relationships to each other and their taxonomic position within the complex. Isolates from 30 cases of tuberculosis in six species of pinniped and seven related isolates were compared to representative and standard strains of the M. tuberculosis complex. The seal isolates could be distinguished from other members of the M. tuberculosis complex, including the recently defined 'Mycobacterium canettii' and 'Mycobacterium caprae', on the basis of host preference and phenotypic and genetic tests. Pinnipeds appear to be the natural host for this 'seal bacillus', although the organism is also pathogenic in guinea pigs, rabbits, humans, Brazilian tapir (Tapirus terrestris) and, possibly, cattle. Infection caused by the seal bacillus is predominantly associated with granulomatous lesions in the peripheral lymph nodes, lungs, pleura, spleen and peritoneum. Cases of disseminated disease have been found. As with other members of the M. tuberculosis complex, aerosols are the most likely route of transmission. The name Mycobacterium pinnipedii sp. nov. is proposed for this novel member of the M. tuberculosis complex (the type strain is 6482(T)=ATCC BAA-688(T)=NCTC 13288(T)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Debby V Cousins
- Australian Reference Laboratory for Bovine Tuberculosis, Department of Agriculture Western Australia, 3 Baron-Hay Court, South Perth, WA 6151, Australia
| | - Ricardo Bastida
- CONICET and Departamento de Ciencias Marinas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Casilla de Correo 43, (7600) Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Angel Cataldi
- Instituto de Biotecnología, CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Los Reseros y Las Cabañas, (1712) Castelar, Argentina
| | - Viviana Quse
- Fundación Mundo Marino, Avda Décima 157, (7105) San Clemente del Tuyú, Argentina
| | | | - Sue Dow
- Bristol Zoo Gardens, Bristol BS8 3HA, UK
| | - Padraig Duignan
- Pathobiology Group, Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Alan Murray
- Pathobiology Group, Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Christine Dupont
- Pathobiology Group, Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Niyaz Ahmed
- Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), Nacharam, Hyderabad 500 076, India
| | - Des M Collins
- AgResearch, Wallaceville Animal Research Centre, Upper Hutt, New Zealand
| | - W Ray Butler
- Division of AIDS, STD and TB Laboratory Research, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - David Dawson
- Mycobacterium Reference Laboratory, Queensland Health Pathology Services, Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, Qld 4032, Australia
| | - Diego Rodríguez
- CONICET and Departamento de Ciencias Marinas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Casilla de Correo 43, (7600) Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Julio Loureiro
- Instituto de Biotecnología, CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Los Reseros y Las Cabañas, (1712) Castelar, Argentina
| | - Maria Isabel Romano
- Instituto de Biotecnología, CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Los Reseros y Las Cabañas, (1712) Castelar, Argentina
| | - A Alito
- Instituto de Biotecnología, CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Los Reseros y Las Cabañas, (1712) Castelar, Argentina
| | - M Zumarraga
- Instituto de Biotecnología, CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Los Reseros y Las Cabañas, (1712) Castelar, Argentina
| | - Amelia Bernardelli
- Departamento de Micobacterias, DILACOT, Servicio Nacional de Sanidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria (SENASA), Avda A Fleming 1653, (1640) Martínez, Argentina
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16
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Ahmed N, Alam M, Abdul Majeed A, Asad Rahman S, Cataldi A, Cousins D, Hasnain SE. Genome sequence based, comparative analysis of the fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphisms (FAFLP) of tubercle bacilli from seals provides molecular evidence for a new species within the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2003; 2:193-9. [PMID: 12797981 DOI: 10.1016/s1567-1348(02)00100-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis in seals is caused by a member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex referred to as the 'seal bacillus'. Fluorescent amplified-fragment length polymorphism (FAFLP) analysis was applied to isolates from four Australian and six Argentinean seals and compared with FAFLP pattern for standard strains belonging to the M. tuberculosis complex. The FAFLP profiles derived from EcoRI/MseI restricted fragments of blind coded DNA samples differentiated the seal bacillus from other members of the M. tuberculosis complex. According to the phylogenetic analysis performed using FAFLP data, seal bacilli appear to have diverged significantly from other members of the M. tuberculosis complex. We describe the suitability of a panel of 19 highly polymorphic markers for rapid identification and comparative genomic analyses of the seal bacillus strains. It is likely that these bacilli got separated from the M. tuberculosis lineage as a result of different insertion deletion events occurring on a genome wide scale. Our analysis reveals that the seal bacillus and M. bovis are genetically related and therefore, might have originated from a common ancestor. Our data additionally support the hypothesis that seal bacillus occupies a unique taxonomic position within the M. tuberculosis complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niyaz Ahmed
- Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, ECIL Road, Nacharam, Hyderabad 500076, India
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17
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Gutacker MM, Smoot JC, Migliaccio CAL, Ricklefs SM, Hua S, Cousins DV, Graviss EA, Shashkina E, Kreiswirth BN, Musser JM. Genome-wide analysis of synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms in Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex organisms: resolution of genetic relationships among closely related microbial strains. Genetics 2002; 162:1533-43. [PMID: 12524330 PMCID: PMC1462380 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/162.4.1533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Several human pathogens (e.g., Bacillus anthracis, Yersinia pestis, Bordetella pertussis, Plasmodium falciparum, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis) have very restricted unselected allelic variation in structural genes, which hinders study of the genetic relationships among strains and strain-trait correlations. To address this problem in a representative pathogen, 432 M. tuberculosis complex strains from global sources were genotyped on the basis of 230 synonymous (silent) single nucleotide polymorphisms (sSNPs) identified by comparison of four genome sequences. Eight major clusters of related genotypes were identified in M. tuberculosis sensu stricto, including a single cluster representing organisms responsible for several large outbreaks in the United States and Asia. All M. tuberculosis sensu stricto isolates of previously unknown phylogenetic position could be rapidly and unambiguously assigned to one of the eight major clusters, thus providing a facile strategy for identifying organisms that are clonally related by descent. Common clones of M. tuberculosis sensu stricto and M. bovis are distinct, deeply branching genotypic complexes whose extant members did not emerge directly from one another in the recent past. sSNP genotyping rapidly delineates relationships among closely related strains of pathogenic microbes and allows construction of genetic frameworks for examining the distribution of biomedically relevant traits such as virulence, transmissibility, and host range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela M Gutacker
- Laboratory of Human Bacterial Pathogenesis, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana 59840, USA
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18
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Parsons LM, Brosch R, Cole ST, Somoskövi A, Loder A, Bretzel G, Van Soolingen D, Hale YM, Salfinger M. Rapid and simple approach for identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates by PCR-based genomic deletion analysis. J Clin Microbiol 2002; 40:2339-45. [PMID: 12089245 PMCID: PMC120548 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.40.7.2339-2345.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the virulences and host ranges differ among members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (TBC; M. tuberculosis, M. africanum, M. canettii, M. microti, M. bovis, and M. bovis BCG), commercially available molecular assays cannot differentiate these organisms because of the genetic identities of their 16S rRNA gene sequences. Comparative genomic analyses with the complete DNA sequence of M. tuberculosis H37Rv has provided information on regions of difference (RD 1 to RD 16) deleted in members of the TBC other than M. tuberculosis. To determine whether deletion analysis could accurately differentiate members of TBC, we used PCR to assess the presence or absence of specific regions of the genome in 88 well-characterized isolates of M. tuberculosis, M. africanum, M. microti, M. bovis, and M. bovis BCG. The identifications obtained by use of the specific deletion profiles correlated 100% with the original identifications for all TBC members except M. africanum, but further characterization resulted in profiles specific for all members. Although six RD regions were used in the analyses with the original 88 isolates, it was found that the use of RD 1, RD 9, and RD 10 was sufficient for initial screenings, followed by the use of RD 3, RD 5, and RD 11 if the results for any of the first three regions were negative. When 605 sequential clinical isolates were screened, 578 (96%) were identified as M. tuberculosis, 6 (1%) were identified as M. africanum, 8 (1%) were identified as M. bovis, and 13 (2%) were identified as M. bovis BCG. Since PCR-based assays can be implemented in most clinical mycobacteriology laboratories, this approach provides a rapid and simple means for the differentiation of members of TBC, especially M. bovis and M. tuberculosis, when it is important to distinguish between zoonotic sources (i.e., cattle and unpasteurized dairy products) and human sources of tuberculosis disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda M Parsons
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12208, USA.
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19
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Sales MP, Taylor GM, Hughes S, Yates M, Hewinson G, Young DB, Shaw RJ. Genetic diversity among Mycobacterium bovis isolates: a preliminary study of strains from animal and human sources. J Clin Microbiol 2001; 39:4558-62. [PMID: 11724883 PMCID: PMC88587 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.39.12.4558-4562.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium bovis has the broadest host range of species in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and is responsible for disease in humans and diverse animal species. We report on genotypic differences at multiple loci among 13 isolates derived from a range of human and animal infections. All isolates were classified as M. bovis by phenotypic analysis but could be subdivided into five distinct genotypes based on polymorphisms at the pncA and oxyR loci, the status of the RD5 deletion region, and the spoligotype pattern. These findings suggest the existence of a spectrum of strains with genotypic characteristics between those of M. tuberculosis and M. bovis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Sales
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
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20
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Mays S, Taylor GM, Legge AJ, Young DB, Turner-Walker G. Paleopathological and biomolecular study of tuberculosis in a medieval skeletal collection from England. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2001; 114:298-311. [PMID: 11275959 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.1042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Nine human skeletons of medieval date from a rural English burial site show signs of skeletal tuberculosis. They were subject to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays aimed at detecting traces of DNA from infecting mycobacteria, with the purpose both of confirming the paleopathological diagnosis of tuberculosis and determining in individual cases whether disease was due to M. tuberculosis or M. bovis. In all nine cases, evidence for M. tuberculosis complex DNA was found, and in all instances it appeared that disease was due to M. tuberculosis rather than M. bovis. The significance of the findings for understanding tuberculous infection in rural agrarian communities in medieval England is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mays
- Ancient Monuments Laboratory, English Heritage, Fort Cumberland, Eastney, Portsmouth PO4 9LD, UK.
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21
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Strommenger B, Stevenson K, Gerlach GF. Isolation and diagnostic potential of ISMav2, a novel insertion sequence-like element from Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2001; 196:31-7. [PMID: 11257544 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2001.tb10536.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (M. paratuberculosis) specific insertion sequence has been identified by representational difference analysis and designated as ISMav2. ISMav2 has no similarity to known mycobacterial IS elements but shows more than 50% identity to a non-composite transposon of Streptomyces coelicolor at the DNA and protein level. ISMav2 is present in at least three copies on the genome as assessed by Southern blot analysis and its potential value as a diagnostic tool was confirmed by PCR analyses on 79 M. paratuberculosis field isolates, nine M. avium ssp. avium isolates, and the reference strains of nine other mycobacterial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Strommenger
- Institut für Mikrobiologie und Tierseuchen, Tieraerztliche Hochschule Hannover, Germany
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