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Trápaga MR, Poester VR, Mousquer MA, de Souza RP, Rafael LA, Bonel J, Melo AM, Reis AG, de Faria RO, Stevens DA, Nogueira CEW, Xavier MO. Systemic aspergillosis associated with acute enterocolitis in foals. J Mycol Med 2023; 33:101433. [PMID: 37708695 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2023.101433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Aspergillosis is an uncommon disease in horses, but it can be fatal. We report two cases of systemic aspergillosis in foals that occurred in a short period in the same region of southern Brazil. In addition, a literature review of similar cases was also performed. Risk factors were attributed to an immunodepression by primary enterocolitis and corticosteroid treatment, the damage in the epithelium, and multiple antibacterial treatments, which allowed local fungal proliferation, tissue invasion and spread of infection, leading to death. Since the antemortem diagnosis of aspergillosis in foals is difficult, our report alerts equine veterinarians regarding the importance of suspecting and investigating fungal co-infections in complicated cases of enterocolitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Rodrigues Trápaga
- Laboratory of Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande, 96200-400 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Post-graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande 96200-400 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Vanice Rodrigues Poester
- Laboratory of Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande, 96200-400 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Post-graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande 96200-400 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariana Andrade Mousquer
- Hospital of Veterinary Clinics, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Pinto de Souza
- Hospital of Veterinary Clinics, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Leandro Américo Rafael
- Hospital of Veterinary Clinics, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Josiane Bonel
- Hospital of Veterinary Clinics, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Angelita Gomes Reis
- Hospital of Veterinary Clinics, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Renata Osorio de Faria
- Hospital of Veterinary Clinics, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - David A Stevens
- California Institute for Medical Research, San Jose, California, United States; Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, California, United States
| | | | - Melissa Orzechowski Xavier
- Laboratory of Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande, 96200-400 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Post-graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande 96200-400 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
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Poester VR, Munhoz LS, Stevens DA, Melo AM, Trápaga MR, Flores MM, Larwood DJ, Xavier MO. Nikkomycin Z for the treatment of experimental sporotrichosis caused by Sporothrix brasiliensis. Mycoses 2023; 66:898-905. [PMID: 37434420 DOI: 10.1111/myc.13629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Sporotrichosis caused by Sporothrix brasiliensis is a global emergent infectious disease. Due to the scarcity of therapeutic options for fungal diseases, new antifungals are urgently needed. Nikkomycin Z (NikZ) is a future option as an agent against dimorphic fungi. We evaluated NikZ monotherapy and in combination with itraconazole (ITZ; the conventional therapy) in the treatment of experimental sporotrichosis caused by S. brasiliensis in a murine model. Animals were subcutaneously infected, and treated orally for 30 days. The study groups were as follows control (untreated), ITZ group (50 mg/kg/day), and three groups treated with NikZ, two by monotherapy (200 or 400 mg/kg/day), and one combining NikZ (400 mg/kg/day) and ITZ. Efficacy of treatments was evaluated via body weight gain, mortality and fungal burden in tissues. Efficacy was noted in all treatment groups, and the group receiving the drug combination showed even better results than those with monotherapy. Our study shows for the first time the high potential of NikZ to be used in the treatment of sporotrichosis caused by S. brasiliensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanice Rodrigues Poester
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina (FAMED), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Brazil
- Mycology Laboratory of FAMED-FURG, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | | | - David A Stevens
- California Institute for Medical Research, San Jose, California, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Aryse Martins Melo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Joge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mariana Rodrigues Trápaga
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina (FAMED), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Brazil
- Mycology Laboratory of FAMED-FURG, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | | | - David J Larwood
- California Institute for Medical Research, San Jose, California, USA
- Valley Fever Solutions, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Melissa Orzechowski Xavier
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina (FAMED), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Brazil
- Mycology Laboratory of FAMED-FURG, Rio Grande, Brazil
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Munhoz LS, Poester VR, Benelli JL, Melo AM, Trápaga MR, Nogueira CW, Zeni G, Flores MM, Stevens DA, Xavier MO. Effectiveness of diphenyl diselenide against experimental sporotrichosis caused by Sporothrix brasiliensis. Med Mycol 2023; 61:myad035. [PMID: 36977574 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myad035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Diphenyl diselenide (PhSe)2 is a stable organoselenium compound with promising in vitro antifungal activity against several fungi, including Sporothrix brasiliensis. This species is associated with feline and zoonotic sporotrichosis, an emergent mycosis in Latin America. We evaluated the activity of (PhSe)2, alone and in association with itraconazole, in the treatment of sporotrichosis caused by S. brasiliensis, in a murine model. Sixty mice were subcutaneously infected with S. brasiliensis in the footpad and treated by gavage for 30 consecutive days. The six treatment groups received: no active treatment, itraconazole (50 mg/kg), (PhSe)2 at 1, 5, and 10 mg/kg dosages, or itraconazole (50 mg/kg) + (PhSe)2 1 mg/kg, once a day, starting seven days post-inoculation. A significant reduction in the fungal burden of internal organs was achieved in the groups treated with (PhSe)2 1 mg/kg or itraconazole alone in comparison with the untreated group. Higher dosages (5 and 10 mg/kg) of (PhSe)2 increased the clinical manifestation of sporotrichosis and mortality rate. Treatment with both itraconazole and (PhSe)2 1 mg/kg was better than their activities alone (P < .001). This is the first demonstration of the potential use of (PhSe)2, alone or with the present drug of choice, in the treatment of sporotrichosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Silveira Munhoz
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina (FAMED), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande city, Rio Grande do Sul state, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Vanice Rodrigues Poester
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina (FAMED), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande city, Rio Grande do Sul state, 96203-900, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria city, Rio Grande do Sul state, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Louise Benelli
- Hospital Universitário Dr. Miguel Riet Corrêa Jr. (HU-FURG), vinculado à Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares (EBSERH), Rio Grande city, Rio Grande do Sul state, 96200-190, Brazil
| | - Aryse Martins Melo
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, 1600-609, Portugal
| | - Mariana Rodrigues Trápaga
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina (FAMED), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande city, Rio Grande do Sul state, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Cristina Wayne Nogueira
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria city, Rio Grande do Sul state, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Gilson Zeni
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria city, Rio Grande do Sul state, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Mariana Martins Flores
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria city, Rio Grande do Sul state, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - David A Stevens
- California Institute for Medical Research, San Jose, California 95128, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Melissa Orzechowski Xavier
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina (FAMED), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande city, Rio Grande do Sul state, 96203-900, Brazil
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Melo AM, Poester VR, Trápaga MR, Stevens DA, Canabarro PL, Adornes AC, da Silva AP, Estima SC, Frere E, Sabino R, Xavier MO. Aspergillosis in free-ranging Magellanic penguins. Med Mycol 2023; 61:7034336. [PMID: 36764673 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myad008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the mortality due to aspergillosis in free-ranging Magellanic penguins during their migration and the reproductive season. A total of 98 carcasses of penguins were collected along 370 km of coastline in Southern Brazil, between June 2017 and October 2019, and from reproductive colonies in Patagonian Argentina, in January 2019. All animals were necropsied, and only proven cases were computed. Aspergillosis was diagnosed in 2.5% of the penguins evaluated during their migration route. Our study, of the Southern coast of Brazil, is the first to demonstrate that aspergillosis is an important cause of mortality in free-ranging penguins. The implications of these findings in the One Health context are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryse Martins Melo
- Microbiology and Parasitology Post-Graduate Program, Institute of Biology, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPEL), Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil.,Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Vanice Rodrigues Poester
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina (FAMED), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariana Rodrigues Trápaga
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina (FAMED), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - David A Stevens
- California Institute for Medical Research, San Jose, CA, USA.,Div. of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Sérgio Curi Estima
- Center for Environmental Education and Monitoring (NEMA), Rio Grande - RS, Brazil
| | - Esteban Frere
- Centro De Investigaciones Puerto Deseado -Unidad Academica Caleta Olivia - (UNPA) Universidad Nacional De La Patagonia Austral, Puerto Deseado, Argentina
| | - Raquel Sabino
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal.,Institute of Environmental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Melissa Orzechowski Xavier
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina (FAMED), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
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Trápaga M, Melo AM, Poester V, Canabarro PL, Silva A, Estima S, Frere E, Xavier MO. P465 Aspergillosis in free-ranging Magellanic penguins. Med Mycol 2022. [PMCID: PMC9509763 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myac072.p465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Poster session 3, September 23, 2022, 12:30 PM - 1:30 PM Aspergillosis is an opportunistic fungal disease caused by the Aspergillus genus, mostly by Aspergillus section Fumigati. Captive Magellanic penguins are vulnerable to Aspergillus infection, being this mycosis a limiting factor during the process of rehabilitation with a mortality rate of around 50%. Objectives Giving the scarce data regarding the occurrence of aspergillosis in non-captive penguins, we aimed to evaluate the proportional mortality by aspergillosis in free-ranging Magellanic penguins during their migration and reproductive season. Methods Carcasses of Magellanic penguins were collected from the Southern coast of Brazil between June 2017 and October 2019 between Barra do Chui beach (Southern RS, Brazil - 33°44'19.9‘S 53°21'56.3’W) and the isthmus with the Lagoa do Peixe (Southern RS, Brazil - 31°26' S, 51°10' W 31°14'S, 50°54'W). In addition, in January 2019, penguins found dead in the reproducing colony in four islands localized in Puerto Deseado City (Santa Cruz, Patagonian, Argentina - 47°45′00″S 65°55′00″W) were collected. All animals were necropsied, and macroscopic alterations were observed. Samples of macroscopic lesions and/or respiratory systems were collected for histopathology and mycological culture. Only proven aspergillosis cases, defined by suggestive lesions at necropsy, associated with hyaline, septate, and 45° branched hyphae in histopathological slides and isolation of Aspergillus sp. in the culture were computed. Fungal isolates were identified by molecular techniques. Results A total of 98 Magellanic penguins were included in our study, being 80 recovered on the Southern RS beach, and 18 from the Patagonian colony. Two penguins collected in Southern Brazil were diagnosed with aspergillosis, both juveniles, one showing nodules in the lung parenchyma, and the other nodules and fungal colonies at the lung and air sac, resulting in a proportionate mortality rate of 2.5%. Both isolates were identified as A. fumigatus sensu stricto. Regarding the carcasses collected from the reproductive colony (Patagonian islands), no penguin had anatomopathological or mycological evidence of aspergillosis. Conclusion Given the already known importance of aspergillosis in seabirds undergoing rehabilitation, these data suggest that penguins may already arrive in these centers infected by Aspergillus spp. The absence of aspergillosis cases in the reproductive period could be attributed to the low number of carcasses included. Our study is an initial step to demonstrate aspergillosis as one of the causes of mortality also in free-living penguins, especially during the migration process, instigating more studies, in other routes of migration, as well as in reproductive colonies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Trápaga
- Laboratory of Mycology , Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande , Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences , Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande , Brazil
| | | | - Vanice Poester
- Laboratory of Mycology , Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande , Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences , Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande , Brazil
| | - Paula Lima Canabarro
- Marine Animal Recovery Center (CRAM/FURG) , Oceanographic Museum Prof. Eliézer de C. Rios, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande , Brazil
| | - Andrine Silva
- Center for Environmental Education and Monitoring (NEMA) , Rio Grande , Brazil
| | - Sérgio Estima
- Center for Environmental Education and Monitoring (NEMA) , Rio Grande , Brazil
| | - Esteban Frere
- Centro De Investigaciones Puerto Deseado -Unidad Academica Caleta Olivia – (UNPA) Universidad Nacional De La Patagonia Austral , Puerto Deseado , Argentina
| | - Melissa Orzechowski Xavier
- Laboratory of Mycology , Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande , Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences , Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande , Brazil
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Melo AM, Poester VR, Canabarro PL, Sampaio DA, Stevens DA, Veríssimo C, Sabino R, Xavier MO. Molecular epidemiology of aspergillosis in Magellanic penguins and susceptibility patterns of clinical isolates. Med Mycol 2021; 59:1076-1084. [PMID: 34320182 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myab040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus section Fumigati is reported in up to 99% of aspergillosis cases in penguins. So far, no data regarding molecular epidemiology and azole resistance are available for A. fumigatus isolates collected from Magellanic penguins. The aim of this work was to perform molecular identification of Aspergillus section Fumigati at species level, to genotype those isolates using microsatellite markers, to evaluate the in vitro susceptibility patterns of A. fumigatus sensu stricto, and to characterize the cyp51A gene in clinical A. fumigatus strains isolated from Magellanic penguins with proven aspergillosis. All 34 isolates included in the study were identified as A. fumigatus sensu stricto. Analyzing the genetic diversity of the isolates of A. fumigatus sensu stricto, we identified two possible outbreaks in the rehabilitation center and we also observed the maintenance of clonal strains through the years. One A. fumigatus sensu stricto isolate was resistant to posaconazole, but the mutations found in the cyp51A gene of this isolate have not been described as conferring phenotypic resistance, suggesting that other mechanisms of resistance could be involved in the resistance of this isolate. With this study we were able to understand the molecular diversity of Aspergillus fumigatus isolates collected from Magellanic penguins, to characterize them and to associate them with the described global population of Aspergillus fumigatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryse Martins Melo
- Microbiology and Parasitology Post-Graduate Program, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,National Institute of Health, Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Vanice Rodrigues Poester
- Health Sciences Post-Graduation Program, Medical College, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Paula Lima Canabarro
- Rehabilitation Center for Marine Animals, Federal University of Rio Grande (CRAM-FURG), Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Daniel Ataíde Sampaio
- Technology and Innovation Unit, Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - David A Stevens
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, California, USA.,California Institute for Medical Research, San Jose, California, USA
| | - Cristina Veríssimo
- National Institute of Health, Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Raquel Sabino
- National Institute of Health, Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016, Lisbon, Portugal.,Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Melissa Orzechowski Xavier
- Microbiology and Parasitology Post-Graduate Program, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Health Sciences Post-Graduation Program, Medical College, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Melo AM, Silva Filho RPD, Poester VR, Fernandes CG, von Groll A, Stevens DA, Sabino R, Xavier MO. Aspergillosis in albatrosses. Med Mycol 2021; 58:852-855. [PMID: 31782484 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myz122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillosis is a respiratory fungal disease of importance in captive marine birds. The aim of this study was to describe the occurrence of aspergillosis in Thalassarche melanophris during rehabilitation events and to identify the etiological agent. All the albatrosses that were received for rehabilitation and died within a 2-year period were included in the study. The proportionate mortality rate caused by aspergillosis was 21.4% (3/14). One of the etiological agents was Aspergillus flavus/oryzae lineage, and the other was A. fumigatus sensu stricto. Our study suggests that aspergillosis can act as a limiting factor in the rehabilitation of albatrosses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryse Martins Melo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Parasitologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Avenida Eliseu Maciel, s/n, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Vanice Rodrigues Poester
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rua General Osório, 1109, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristina Gevehr Fernandes
- Departamento de Patologia Animal, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas Avenida Eliseu Maciel, s/n, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Andrea von Groll
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rua General Osório, 1109, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - David A Stevens
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, California, USA.,California Institute for Medical Research, San Jose, California, USA
| | - Raquel Sabino
- National Institute of Health, Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Melissa Orzechowski Xavier
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Parasitologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Avenida Eliseu Maciel, s/n, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rua General Osório, 1109, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
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Kelly LA, O'Dea MI, Zareen Z, Melo AM, McKenna E, Strickland T, McEneaney V, Donoghue V, Boylan G, Sweetman D, Butler J, Vavasseur C, Miletin J, El-Khuffash AF, O'Neill LAJ, O'Leary JJ, Molloy EJ. Altered inflammasome activation in neonatal encephalopathy persists in childhood. Clin Exp Immunol 2021; 205:89-97. [PMID: 33768526 PMCID: PMC8209598 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal encephalopathy (NE) is characterized by altered neurological function in term infants and inflammation plays an important pathophysiological role. Inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐1ra and IL‐18 are activated by the nucleotide‐binding and oligomerization domain (NOD)‐, leucine‐rich repeat domain (LRR)‐ and NOD‐like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome; furthermore, we aimed to examine the role of the inflammasome multiprotein complex involved in proinflammatory responses from the newborn period to childhood in NE. Cytokine concentrations were measured by multiplex enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in neonates and children with NE in the absence or presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) endotoxin. We then investigated expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome genes, NLRP3, IL‐1β and ASC by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Serum samples from 40 NE patients at days 1 and 3 of the first week of life and in 37 patients at age 4–7 years were analysed. An increase in serum IL‐1ra and IL‐18 in neonates with NE on days 1 and 3 was observed compared to neonatal controls. IL‐1ra in NE was decreased to normal levels at school age, whereas serum IL‐18 in NE was even higher at school age compared to school age controls and NE in the first week of life. Percentage of LPS response was higher in newborns compared to school‐age NE. NLRP3 and IL‐1β gene expression were up‐regulated in the presence of LPS in NE neonates and NLRP3 gene expression remained up‐regulated at school age in NE patients compared to controls. Increased inflammasome activation in the first day of life in NE persists in childhood, and may increase the window for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Kelly
- Discipline of Paediatrics, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), Trinity College Dublin and Trinity Research in Childhood Centre (TRiCC), Dublin, Ireland
| | - M I O'Dea
- Discipline of Paediatrics, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), Trinity College Dublin and Trinity Research in Childhood Centre (TRiCC), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Z Zareen
- Discipline of Paediatrics, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), Trinity College Dublin and Trinity Research in Childhood Centre (TRiCC), Dublin, Ireland.,Children's Hospital Ireland (CHI) at Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A M Melo
- Discipline of Paediatrics, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), Trinity College Dublin and Trinity Research in Childhood Centre (TRiCC), Dublin, Ireland
| | - E McKenna
- Discipline of Paediatrics, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), Trinity College Dublin and Trinity Research in Childhood Centre (TRiCC), Dublin, Ireland
| | - T Strickland
- Discipline of Paediatrics, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), Trinity College Dublin and Trinity Research in Childhood Centre (TRiCC), Dublin, Ireland
| | - V McEneaney
- Discipline of Paediatrics, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), Trinity College Dublin and Trinity Research in Childhood Centre (TRiCC), Dublin, Ireland
| | - V Donoghue
- Radiology, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - G Boylan
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Infant Research Centre, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - D Sweetman
- National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J Butler
- Meso-Scale Diagnostics, Manchester, UK
| | - C Vavasseur
- National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J Miletin
- Neonatology, Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - L A J O'Neill
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J J O'Leary
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - E J Molloy
- Discipline of Paediatrics, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), Trinity College Dublin and Trinity Research in Childhood Centre (TRiCC), Dublin, Ireland.,Children's Hospital Ireland (CHI) at Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland.,Neonatology, Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,CHI at Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
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Benelli JL, Poester VR, Munhoz LS, Melo AM, Trápaga MR, Stevens DA, Xavier MO. Ebselen and diphenyl diselenide against fungal pathogens: A systematic review. Med Mycol 2021; 59:409-421. [PMID: 33421963 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myaa115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections are one of the most prevalent diseases in the world and there is a lack of new antifungal drug development for these diseases. We conducted a systematic review of the literature regarding the in vitro antifungal activity of the organoselenium compounds ebselen (Eb) and diphenyl diselenide [(PhSe)2]. A systematic review was carried out based on the search for articles with data concerning Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values, indexed in international databases and published until August 2020. A total of 2337 articles were found, and, according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria used, 22 articles were included in the study. Inhibitory activity against 96% (200/208) and 95% (312/328) of the pathogenic fungi tested was described for Eb and [(PhSe)2], respectively. Including in these 536 fungal isolates tested, organoselenium activity was highlighted against Candida spp., Cryptococcus ssp., Trichosporon spp., Aspergillus spp., Fusarium spp., Pythium spp., and Sporothrix spp., with MIC values lower than 64 μg/mL. In conclusion, Eb and [(PhSe)2] have a broad spectrum of in vitro inhibitory antifungal activity. These data added with other pharmacological properties of these organoselenium compounds suggest that both compounds are potential future antifungal drugs. Whether MICs toward the upper end of the ranges described here are compatible with efficacious therapy, and whether they may achieve such end as a result of the favorable non-antimicrobial effects of selenium on the host, requires more in vivo testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Louise Benelli
- Mycology Laboratory, College of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.,Health Science Post-graduation program, College of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Vanice Rodrigues Poester
- Mycology Laboratory, College of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.,Health Science Post-graduation program, College of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Lívia Silveira Munhoz
- Mycology Laboratory, College of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.,Health Science Post-graduation program, College of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Aryse Martins Melo
- Mycology Laboratory, College of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.,Microbiology and Parasitology Post-graduation program, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | | | - David A Stevens
- California Institute for Medical Research, San Jose, California, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Melissa Orzechowski Xavier
- Mycology Laboratory, College of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.,Health Science Post-graduation program, College of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.,Microbiology and Parasitology Post-graduation program, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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10
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Sabino R, Gonçalves P, Martins Melo A, Simões D, Oliveira M, Francisco M, Viegas C, Carvalho D, Martins C, Ferreira T, Toscano C, Simões H, Veríssimo C. Trends on Aspergillus Epidemiology-Perspectives from a National Reference Laboratory Surveillance Program. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7010028. [PMID: 33418997 PMCID: PMC7825284 DOI: 10.3390/jof7010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of Aspergillus to species level is important since sibling species may display variable susceptibilities to multiple antifungal drugs and also because correct identification contributes to improve the knowledge of epidemiological studies. Two retrospective laboratory studies were conducted on Aspergillus surveillance at the Portuguese National Mycology Reference Laboratory. The first, covering the period 2017–2018, aimed to study the molecular epidemiology of 256 Aspergillus isolates obtained from patients with respiratory, subcutaneous, or systemic infections and from environmental samples. The second, using our entire collection of clinical and environmental A. fumigatus isolates (N = 337), collected between 2012 and 2019, aimed to determine the frequency of azole-resistant A. fumigatus isolates. Aspergillus fumigatus sensu stricto was the most frequent species in both clinical and environmental samples. Overall, and considering all Aspergillus sections identified, a high frequency of cryptic species was detected, based on beta-tubulin or calmodulin sequencing (37% in clinical and 51% in environmental isolates). Regarding all Fumigati isolates recovered from 2012–2019, the frequency of cryptic species was 5.3% (18/337), with the identification of A. felis (complex), A. lentulus, A. udagawae, A. hiratsukae, and A. oerlinghauensis. To determine the frequency of azole resistance of A. fumigatus, isolates were screened for azole resistance using azole-agars, and 53 possible resistant isolates were tested by the CLSI microdilution reference method. Nine A. fumigatus sensu stricto and six Fumigati cryptic isolates showed high minimal inhibitory concentrations to itraconazole, voriconazole, and/or posaconazole. Real-time PCR to detect cyp51A mutations and sequencing of cyp51A gene and its promoter were performed. The overall frequency of resistance to azoles in A. fumigatus sensu stricto was 3.0%. With this retrospective analysis, we were able to detect one azole-resistant G54R mutant A. fumigatus environmental isolate, collected in 2015. The TR34/L98H mutation, linked to environmental transmission route of azole resistance, was the most frequently detected mutation (N = 4; 1.4%). Our findings underline the demand for correct identification and susceptibility testing of Aspergillus isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Sabino
- Infectious Diseases Department, National Health Institute Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (P.G.); (A.M.M.); (D.S.); (M.O.); (M.F.); (H.S.); (C.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-217519247
| | - Paulo Gonçalves
- Infectious Diseases Department, National Health Institute Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (P.G.); (A.M.M.); (D.S.); (M.O.); (M.F.); (H.S.); (C.V.)
- European Programme for Public Health Microbiology Training (EUPHEM), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, 16973 Solna, Sweden
| | - Aryse Martins Melo
- Infectious Diseases Department, National Health Institute Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (P.G.); (A.M.M.); (D.S.); (M.O.); (M.F.); (H.S.); (C.V.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Avenida Eliseu Maciel, Pelotas 96010-610, Brazil
| | - Daniela Simões
- Infectious Diseases Department, National Health Institute Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (P.G.); (A.M.M.); (D.S.); (M.O.); (M.F.); (H.S.); (C.V.)
| | - Mariana Oliveira
- Infectious Diseases Department, National Health Institute Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (P.G.); (A.M.M.); (D.S.); (M.O.); (M.F.); (H.S.); (C.V.)
| | - Mariana Francisco
- Infectious Diseases Department, National Health Institute Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (P.G.); (A.M.M.); (D.S.); (M.O.); (M.F.); (H.S.); (C.V.)
| | - Carla Viegas
- H&TRC—Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL—Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, 1990-096 Lisbon, Portugal;
- NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Centre, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1600-560 Lisbon, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Dinah Carvalho
- Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte EPE, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal; (D.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Carlos Martins
- Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte EPE, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal; (D.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Teresa Ferreira
- Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central, 1050-099 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Cristina Toscano
- Microbiology Laboratory, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental, Hospital Egas Moniz, 1349-019 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Helena Simões
- Infectious Diseases Department, National Health Institute Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (P.G.); (A.M.M.); (D.S.); (M.O.); (M.F.); (H.S.); (C.V.)
| | - Cristina Veríssimo
- Infectious Diseases Department, National Health Institute Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (P.G.); (A.M.M.); (D.S.); (M.O.); (M.F.); (H.S.); (C.V.)
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11
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Poester VR, Munhoz LS, Basso RP, Roca BM, Vieira MU, Melo AM, Klafke GB, Sanchotene KO, Silveira JM, Stevens D, Rabello VBDS, Zancope-Oliveira RM, Xavier MO. Disseminated sporotrichosis with immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in an HIV patient: Case report and review of the literature. Rev Iberoam Micol 2020; 37:97-99. [PMID: 33168342 DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sporotrichosis has been occurring as outbreaks in Brazil, reaching epidemic levels in some regions. Zoonotic transmission is the main route to acquire Sporothrix. CASE REPORT We describe a case of disseminated sporotrichosis caused by Sporothrix brasiliensis in an HIV/AIDS patient, with the presentation of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). CONCLUSIONS This case reinforces that sporotrichosis should always be suspected in patients with IRIS from endemic regions, even in patients without the typical cutaneous lesions of this mycosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanice Rodrigues Poester
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina (FAMED), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), RS, Brazil
| | - Lívia Silveira Munhoz
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina (FAMED), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), RS, Brazil
| | - Rossana Patricia Basso
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina (FAMED), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), RS, Brazil; FAMED-FURG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Aryse Martins Melo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Brazil
| | | | | | | | - David Stevens
- California Institute for Medical Research, San Jose, California, and Div. of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Vanessa Brito de Souza Rabello
- Laboratório de Micologia, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rosely Maria Zancope-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Micologia, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Melissa Orzechowski Xavier
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina (FAMED), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), RS, Brazil; FAMED-FURG, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Brazil; California Institute for Medical Research, San Jose, California, and Div. of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, CA, USA.
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12
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Melo AM, Poester VR, Trapaga M, Nogueira CW, Zeni G, Martinez M, Sass G, Stevens DA, Xavier MO. Diphenyl diselenide and its interaction with antifungals against Aspergillus spp. Med Mycol 2020; 59:myaa072. [PMID: 32844203 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myaa072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the few antifungal classes available to treat aspergillosis, this study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antifungal activity of diphenyl diselenide (PhSe)2 alone and in combination with classical antifungals against Aspergillus spp., and its in vivo activity in a systemic experimental aspergillosis model. We performed in vitro broth microdilution assay of (PhSe)2 against 32 Aspergillus isolates; and a checkboard assay to test the interaction of this compound with itraconazole (ITC), voriconazole (VRC), amphotericin B (AMB), and caspofungin (CAS), against nine Aspergillus isolates. An experimental model of invasive aspergillosis in mice was studied, and survival curves were compared between an untreated group and groups treated with 100 mg/kg ITC, or (PhSe)2 in different dosages (10 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg). All Aspergillus non-fumigatus and 50% of A. fumigatus were inhibited by (PhSe)2 in concentrations ≤ 64 µg/ml, with significant differences in MICs between the sections. Synergism or additive effect in the in vitro (PhSe)2 interaction with VRC and CAS was observed against the majority of isolates, and with ITC against the non-fumigatus strains. In addition to the inhibitory interaction, (PhSe)2 was able to add a fungicidal effect to CAS. Survival curves from the systemic experimental aspergillosis model demonstrated that the inoculum caused an acute and lethal infection in mice, and no treatment applied significantly prolonged survival over that of the control group. The results highlight the promising activity of (PhSe)2 against Aspergillus species, but more in vivo studies are needed to determine its potential applicability in aspergillosis treatment. LAY SUMMARY The activity of diphenyl diselenide (PhSe)2 alone and in combination with itraconazole, voriconazole, and caspofungin, is described against three of the most pathogenic Aspergillus sections. (PhSe)2 may prove useful in therapy of infection in future; further study is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryse Martins Melo
- Microbiology and Parasitology Post-graduation program, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
- Department of Infectious Diseases/Reference Unit for Parasitic and Fungal Infections, National Institute of Health, Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
- Mycology Laboratory, College of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Vanice Rodrigues Poester
- Mycology Laboratory, College of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
- Health Science Post-graduation program, College of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariana Trapaga
- Mycology Laboratory, College of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristina Wayne Nogueira
- Biological Sciences Post-graduation program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria. RS, Brazil
| | - Gilson Zeni
- Biological Sciences Post-graduation program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria. RS, Brazil
| | - Marife Martinez
- California Institute for Medical Research, San Jose, California, USA
| | - Gabriele Sass
- California Institute for Medical Research, San Jose, California, USA
| | - David A Stevens
- California Institute for Medical Research, San Jose, California, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Melissa Orzechowski Xavier
- Microbiology and Parasitology Post-graduation program, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
- Mycology Laboratory, College of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
- Health Science Post-graduation program, College of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
- California Institute for Medical Research, San Jose, California, USA
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13
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Melo AM, Silva-Filho RPD, Poester VR, von Groll A, Fernandes CG, Stevens DA, Sabino R, Xavier MO. Aspergillosis in free-ranging aquatic birds. Med Mycol Case Rep 2020; 28:36-38. [PMID: 32405453 PMCID: PMC7212181 DOI: 10.1016/j.mmcr.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the difficulty in the access to free-ranging birds, data regarding Aspergillus infections in wild avian species is rare compared to captive wild and domestic birds. Objective: report three cases of Aspergillus section Fumigati causing fungal disease in free-ranging aquatic birds, with the identification of the causal agent to the species level. Case reports: The diagnosis of aspergillosis was performed by macroscopic lesions found during the necropsy and confirmed by culture. Molecular identification by partial sequencing of the calM and benA genes allowed to confirm Aspergillusfumigatussensustricto as the etiological agent of aspergillosis in Procellariaaequinoctialis (White-chinned petrel) (n = 1), Nannopterumbrasilianus (Neotropical cormorant) (n = 1) and Chroicocephalusmaculipennis (Brown-hooded gull) (n = 1). Conclusion: Larger studies regarding the importance of aspergillosis in free-ranging aquatic birds are necessary, as well as it potential role in the One Heath context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryse Martins Melo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Avenida Eliseu Maciel, S/n, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.,Centro de Recuperação de Animais Marinhos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.,Department of Infectious Diseases/ Reference Unit for Parasitic and Fungal Infections, National Institute of Health, Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Vanice Rodrigues Poester
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rua General Osório, 1109, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Andrea von Groll
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rua General Osório, 1109, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristina Gevehr Fernandes
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Avenida Eliseu Maciel, S/n, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - David A Stevens
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, CA, USA.,California Institute for Medical Research, San Jose, CA, USA
| | - Raquel Sabino
- Department of Infectious Diseases/ Reference Unit for Parasitic and Fungal Infections, National Institute of Health, Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Melissa Orzechowski Xavier
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Avenida Eliseu Maciel, S/n, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rua General Osório, 1109, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.,California Institute for Medical Research, San Jose, CA, USA
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14
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Martins Melo A, Silva Filho RPD, von Groll A, Reis AJ, Diniz J, Perdigão J, Portugal I, da Silva PEA, Borelli Grecco F, Orzechowski Xavier M. Tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium pinnipedii in a wild South American sea lion Otaria flavescens stranded in southern Brazil. Dis Aquat Organ 2019; 133:189-194. [PMID: 31187733 DOI: 10.3354/dao03342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) in pinnipeds is typically caused by Mycobacterium pinnipedii, which has also been associated with infections in other species, such as cattle and humans. As a result, this pathogen has zoonotic potential and is a public health concern. In 2016, a female South American sea lion Otaria flavescens in southern Brazil presented with emaciation and severe dyspnea and died within 3 h of capture. Gross pathology identified pulmonary granulomas, and Ziehl-Neelsen stain identified acid-fast bacilli. M. tuberculosis complex bacteria were confirmed by a BD BACTEC™ MGIT™ 320 detection system using fibrinous exudate, lung granulomas and thoracic fluid. Molecular characterization by spoligotyping showed a hybridization pattern characteristic of M. pinnipedii (SIT593/PINI1). Currently, there is a paucity of data concerning the transmission and epidemiology of M. pinnipedii in pinniped populations in South America. The case report shows that the disease appeared in a free-ranging beached sea lion on the coast, and further surveillance is needed to determine the origin of this TB because of its potential impact on public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryse Martins Melo
- Centro de Recuperação de Animais Marinhos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, 96200-580, Brazil
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15
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Cabana ÂL, Mendes JF, Klafke GB, Brandolt TM, Melo AM, Meireles MCA, Xavier MO. Can Aspergillus fumigatus conidia cause false-positive results in the galactomannan enzyme immunoassay test? Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2018; 51:387-389. [PMID: 29972575 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0317-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several factors can cause false-positive results in the galactomannan (GM) test; however, others remain unknown. Presently, the impact of airborne contamination by Aspergillus conidia during enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) remains uninvestigated. METHODS We studied 12 A. fumigatus isolates. Fungal conidia were serially diluted and tested for GM detection using the Platelia® Aspergillus enzyme immunoassay (EIA). RESULTS The conidia concentration required for an EIA-positive result was 4.8 × 103 (median). CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to evaluate the impact of environmental contamination on the Platelia® Aspergillus EIA assay. Only massive contamination can interfere with GM optical readings, suggesting that environmental contamination does not cause false-positive test results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ângela Leitzke Cabana
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - Josiara Furtado Mendes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | | | - Tchana Martinez Brandolt
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brasil
| | - Aryse Martins Melo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Parasitologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brasil.,Centro de Recuperação de Animais Marinhos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brasil
| | - Mário Carlos Araújo Meireles
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - Melissa Orzechowski Xavier
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Parasitologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
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16
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Fazekas B, Moreno-Olivera A, Kelly Y, O'Hara P, Murray S, Kennedy A, Conlon N, Scott J, Melo AM, Hickey FB, Dooley D, O'Brien EC, Moran S, Doherty DG, Little MA. Alterations in circulating lymphoid cell populations in systemic small vessel vasculitis are non-specific manifestations of renal injury. Clin Exp Immunol 2017; 191:180-188. [PMID: 28960271 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphocyte populations, such as innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), γδ T cells, invariant natural killer T (iNK T) cells and mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are emerging as important effectors of innate immunity and are involved in various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the frequencies and absolute numbers of innate lymphocytes as well as conventional lymphocytes and monocytes in peripheral blood from a cohort of anti-neutrophil cytoplasm autoantibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) patients. Thirty-eight AAV patients and 24 healthy and disease controls were included in the study. Patients with AAV were sampled both with and without immunosuppressive treatment, and in the setting of both active disease and remission. The frequencies of MAIT and ILC2 cells were significantly lower in patients with AAV and in the disease control group compared to healthy controls. These reductions in the AAV patients remained during remission. B cell count and frequencies were significantly lower in AAV in remission compared to patients with active disease and disease controls. Despite the strong T helper type 2 (Th) preponderance of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, we did not observe increased ILC2 frequency in this cohort of patients. The frequencies of other cell types were similar in all groups studied. Reductions in circulating ILC2 and MAIT cells reported previously in patients with AAV are not specific for AAV, but are more likely to be due to non-specific manifestations of renal impairment and chronic illness. Reduction in B cell numbers in AAV patients experiencing remission is probably therapy-related.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Fazekas
- Trinity Health Kidney Centre, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Y Kelly
- Trinity Health Kidney Centre, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | - P O'Hara
- Trinity Health Kidney Centre, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | - S Murray
- Trinity Health Kidney Centre, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A Kennedy
- Trinity Health Kidney Centre, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | - N Conlon
- Department of Immunology, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J Scott
- Trinity Health Kidney Centre, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A M Melo
- Department of Immunology, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - F B Hickey
- Trinity Health Kidney Centre, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | - D Dooley
- Trinity Health Kidney Centre, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | - E C O'Brien
- Trinity Health Kidney Centre, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | - S Moran
- Trinity Health Kidney Centre, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | - D G Doherty
- Department of Immunology, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M A Little
- Trinity Health Kidney Centre, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Dublin, Ireland.,Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
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17
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Melo AM, Xavier MO, Da Silva Filho RP, Cabana AL, Meireles MCA. CURVA DE PARÂMETROS SANGUÍNEOS E DE PESO EM SPHENISCUS MAGELLANICUS (FOSTER, 1781) (AVES: SPHENISCIFORMES) EM REABILITAÇÃO COM ASPERGILOSE. AVS 2017. [DOI: 10.5380/avs.v22i2.40456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Parâmetros sanguíneos básicos e peso corpóreo são rotineiramente utilizados para monitoramento do estado geral de Pinguins-de-Magalhães em reabilitação, no entanto, estudos mostrando o perfil de variação destes parâmetros durante o desenvolvimento da aspergilose nestes animais não são conhecidos. Neste sentido, este trabalho objetivou determinar curva de peso, de hematócrito (Ht) e de proteínas plasmáticas totais (PPT) em pinguins com aspergilose. O estudo do tipo caso-controle retrospectivo foi realizado com pinguins em reabilitação no sul do Brasil, sendo o grupo caso composto por pinguins com aspergilose, e o grupo controle por pinguins sadios. Para a determinação das curvas, foram coletados dados de amostras sequenciais, realizadas em média a cada sete dias, durante um período máximo de 81 dias, sendo estes submetidos a análise de variância (ANOVA) com teste post-hoc de Bonferroni. Ao todo, 140 animais foram estudados (50% casos e 50% controles). Pinguins com aspergilose diferiram significativamente do grupo controle em todos os parâmetros analisados, apresentando ganho de peso somente nas três primeiras coletas, com estabilização ou perda de peso nas coletas posteriores até seu desfecho, bem como declínio progressivo dos valores de Ht, os quais mantiveram-se abaixo do valor de referência para a espécie desde a terceira até a nona e última coleta, e aumento progressivo dos valores de PPT ao longo das coletas, com diferença significativa a partir da sexta coleta em relação ao grupo controle. O estabelecimento desse perfil em pinguins com aspergilose pode servir como indicativo de mau prognóstico destes animais em cativeiro, e como parâmetro para início de terapia preemptiva para aspergilose ou de investigação diagnóstica mais específica.
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Melo AM, Duarte M, Møller IM, Prokisch H, Dolan PL, Pinto L, Nelson MA, Videira A. The external calcium-dependent NADPH dehydrogenase from Neurospora crassa mitochondria. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:3947-51. [PMID: 11073955 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m008199200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We have inactivated the nuclear gene coding for a putative NAD(P)H dehydrogenase from the inner membrane of Neurospora crassa mitochondria by repeat-induced point mutations. The respiratory rates of mitochondria from the resulting mutant (nde-1) were measured, using NADH or NADPH as substrates under different assay conditions. The results showed that the mutant lacks an external calcium-dependent NADPH dehydrogenase. The observation of NADH and NADPH oxidation by intact mitochondria from the nde-1 mutant suggests the existence of a second external NAD(P)H dehydrogenase. The topology of the NDE1 protein was further studied by protease accessibility, in vitro import experiments, and in silico analysis of the amino acid sequence. Taken together, it appears that most of the NDE1 protein extends into the intermembrane space in a tightly folded conformation and that it remains anchored to the inner mitochondrial membrane by an N-terminal transmembrane domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Melo
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
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Abstract
The hydro-alcohol extract of the dry leaves of Peumus boldus and boldine, showed abortive and teratogenic action and changes in the blood levels of bilirubin, cholesterol, glucose, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and urea in rats. The long term administration of the extract and boldine did not cause histological modification during a period of 90 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R Almeida
- Laboratório de Farmacologia do Departamento de Antibióticos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, CEP 50670-901, Brazil
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Abstract
The variation of resistance to (60)Co gamma-rays of Biomphalaria glabrata was studied. A population of 480 mollusks was observed during 30 days - distributed in 8 groups of snails isolated and 8 groups of snails in colonies - after exposure (30 snails per group per dose) to increasing doses of gamma radiation. Doses of 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 160, 320 and 640 Gy from a Gamma-cell (60)Co irradiator, were applied to the test groups and two groups control (non-irradiated) of snails - isolated and colony - were kept apart. After have been exposed, the snails were drew back to the aquaria where they were maintained before. The survival was estimated on a daily score of the alive animals in each group-dose, starting after the irradiation exposure day. As a result, the survival self-fertilization forms (DL(50/30) = 218.2 Gy) was found greater than in cross-fecundation forms. These data point to a low radio-resistance on the cross-fertilization forms - the sexual reproductive form - which is most found in nature. The lower radio-resistance of the cross-fertilization forms suggests the presence of some sex-linked hormonal factor related to this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- E B Carvalho
- Depto. de Biofísica e Radiobiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil
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Motta MA, Catanho MT, Melo AM. Growth changes induced by gamma radiation on Biomphalaria straminea (Dunker, 1848). Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 1999; 94:841-4. [PMID: 10585666 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02761999000600024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Doses of 60Co gamma radiation with 2.5; 5; 7.5; 10; 15; 20; 25; 30; 35; 40; 45; 50; 55; 60; 80; 160; 320 and 640 Gy were applied to 1, 080 snails Biomphalaria straminea, an intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni, divided in groups containing 30 mollusks. In addition, 60 non irradiated snails were kept as control. Fifty percent of the population was kept in colonies (allowing cross fertilization) while the other half was maintained in sexual isolation (allowing self fertilization) and during one month their growth was observed through the daily measurement of the shell diameter. Results showed that after 20 Gy doses the growth in shell diameter of irradiated snails was greater than that of the control group after 30 days. At this dose the snail size was the greatest, among all isolated groups. The 80 Gy doses also induced the final shell diameter of isolated snails to be greater then that observed in the control groups. As this effect was most evident among the isolated snails, a possible hormonal role may have been involved in the observed phenomena, which is under investigation with the objective of identifying any future applications that this could have to schistosomiasis control.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Motta
- Departamento de Biofísica e Radiobiologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, 50670-420, Brasil.
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Abstract
We have cloned the nuclear gene encoding the 24-kDa iron-sulphur subunit of complex I from Neurospora crassa. The gene was inactivated in vivo by repeat-induced point-mutations, and mutant strains lacking the 24-kDa protein were isolated. Mutant nuo24 appears to assemble an almost intact complex I only lacking the 24-kDa subunit. However, we also found reduced levels of the NADH-binding, 51-kDa subunit of the enzyme. Surprisingly, the complex I from the nuo24 strain lacks NADH:ferricyanide reductase activity. In agreement with this, the respiration of intact mitochondria or mitochondrial membranes from the mutant strain is insensitive to rotenone inhibition. These results suggest that the nuo24 complex is not functioning in electron transfer and the 24-kDa protein is absolutely required for complex I activity. This phenotype may explain the findings that the 24-kDa iron-sulphur protein is reduced or absent in human mitochondrial diseases. In addition, selected substitutions of cysteine to alanine residues in the 24-kDa protein suggest that binding of the iron-sulphur centre is a requisite for protein assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Almeida
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal
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Ferreirinha F, Duarte M, Melo AM, Videira A. Effects of disrupting the 21 kDa subunit of complex I from Neurospora crassa. Biochem J 1999; 342 Pt 3:551-4. [PMID: 10477266 PMCID: PMC1220496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
We have cloned and inactivated in vivo, by repeat-induced point mutations, the nuclear gene encoding a 21 kDa subunit of complex I from Neurospora crassa. Mitochondria from the nuo21 mutant lack this specific protein but retain other subunits of complex I in approximately normal amounts. In addition, this mutant is able to assemble an almost intact enzyme. The electron transfer activities from NADH to artificial acceptors of mitochondrial membranes from nuo21 differ from those of the wild-type strain, suggesting that the absence of the 21 kDa polypeptide results in conformational changes in complex I. Nevertheless, complex I of nuo21 is able to perform NADH:ubiquinone reductase activity, as judged by the observation that the respiration of mutant mitochondria is sensitive to inhibition by rotenone. We discuss these findings in relation to the involvement of complex I in mitochondrial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ferreirinha
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150 Porto, Portugal
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Melo AM, Duarte M, Videira A. Primary structure and characterisation of a 64 kDa NADH dehydrogenase from the inner membrane of Neurospora crassa mitochondria. Biochim Biophys Acta 1999; 1412:282-7. [PMID: 10482790 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(99)00072-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A cDNA clone encoding a mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase from Neurospora crassa was sequenced. The total DNA sequence encompasses 2570 base pairs and contains an open reading frame of 2019 base pairs coding for a precursor polypeptide of 673 amino acid residues. The protein is encoded by a single-copy gene located to the right side of the centromere in linkage group IV of the fungal genome. The N-terminus of the precursor protein has characteristics of a mitochondrial targeting pre-sequence. The protein displays homology with mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenases from yeast. In contrast to these polypeptides, however, analysis of its primary structure revealed that it contains a well-conserved calcium-binding domain. Rabbit antiserum against the protein expressed in an heterologous system recognises a mitochondrial protein of N. crassa with an apparent molecular mass of 64 kDa. Analysis of the fungal mitochondria by swelling, digitonin fractionation and alkaline treatment indicate that the protein is located in the inner membrane of the organelles, possibly facing the matrix side.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Melo
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150, Porto, Portugal
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Gonçalves FA, Birman EG, Sugaya NN, Melo AM. Natal teeth: review of the literature and report of an unusual case. Braz Dent J 1998; 9:53-6. [PMID: 9835805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
An unusual case of a newborn with 12 erupted teeth is presented. Epidemiological, etiological, and therapeutical aspects of this developmental disturbance of dentition is reviewed in order to establish guidelines for the dentist and neonatologist to manage this problem with minimal damage to the future teeth and the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Gonçalves
- Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil
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Abstract
A population of 420 snails Biomphalaria straminea, an intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni, received gamma-rays obtained from a 60Co source in low-doses (0/2,5/5/7,5/10/15/20 and 25 Gy); half population was kept in colonies (allowing cross fertilization) and the other half was maintained in sexual isolation (allowing self fertilization). Results showed that 15 Gy stimulates the fertility of both groups but the colonies were more sensitive and at this dose its fertility overpasses the control group dose. The possible hormonal role played in the observed phenomena is under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A da Motta
- Departamento de Biofísica e Radiobiologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil.
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Melo AM, Jardim ML, De Santana CF, Lacet Y, Lobo Filho J, De Lima e Ivan Leoncio OG. [First observations on the topical use of Primin, Plumbagin and Maytenin in patients with skin cancer]. Rev Inst Antibiot (Recife) 1974; 14:9-16. [PMID: 4620478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Eleven cases of patients bearing basic cellular carcinoma, and one case of patient bearing Kaposi's sarcomatosis, all treated with antibiotics isolated by Goncalves de Lima and Co-workers at the Instituto de Antibióticos, are presented by the authors. Primin, an antibiotic extracted from a vegetal named Miconia sp. (Herb. I.A.-1903) with a 2-metoxi-6-n-pentil-p benzoquinone structure, presented a strong antineoplastic action in the cases treated. Plumbagin isolated from Plumbago scandens in local use, was responsible for a complete healing of the injuries treated. Maytenin extracted from Maytenus sp. (Herb. I.A.-1750) showed less activity than the two previous mentioned, but with a low irritant action and late antineoplastic properties. The authors are going on these experiments. They believe that these antibodies, in local use, may advantageously substitute the surgery and the radiotherapy, meanly in those external ear tumidities and back of the nose, owing to a hurtful action in cartilage, provoked by radiotherapy.
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