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Rong Y, Li B, Hou Y, Zhang L, Jia R, Zhu J. Influences of Stocking Density on Antioxidant Status, Nutrients Composition, and Lipid Metabolism in the Muscles of Cyprinus carpio under Rice-Fish Co-Culture. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:849. [PMID: 39061917 PMCID: PMC11274104 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13070849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cyprinus carpio is a significant freshwater species with substantial nutritional and economic value. Rice-carp co-culture represents one of its principal cultivation methods. However, in the system, the optimal farming density for carp and the impact of high stocking density on their muscle nutritional composition have yet to be explored. Thus, the objective of the current study was to investigate the influences of stocking density on the muscle nutrient profiles and metabolism of C. carpio in rice-fish co-culture systems. Common carp were cultured at three stocking densities, low density (LD), medium density (MD), and high density (HD), over a period of 60 days. Following this, comprehensive analyses incorporating physiological, biochemical, and multi-omics sequencing were conducted on the muscle tissue of C. carpio. The results demonstrated that HD treatment led to a reduction in the antioxidant capacity of C. carpio, while resulting in elevated levels of various fatty acids in muscle tissue, including saturated fatty acids (SFAs), omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFAs). The metabolome analysis showed that HD treatment caused a marked reduction in 43 metabolites and a significant elevation in 30 metabolites, primarily linked to lipid and amino acid metabolism. Additionally, transcriptomic analysis revealed that the abnormalities in lipid metabolism induced by high-stocking-density treatment may be associated with significant alterations in the PPAR signaling pathway and adipokine signaling pathway. Overall, our findings indicate that in rice-fish co-culture systems, high stocking density disrupted the balance of antioxidant status and lipid metabolism in the muscles of C. carpio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongrong Rong
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; (Y.R.); (B.L.); (Y.H.); (L.Z.)
| | - Bing Li
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; (Y.R.); (B.L.); (Y.H.); (L.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Yiran Hou
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; (Y.R.); (B.L.); (Y.H.); (L.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Liqiang Zhang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; (Y.R.); (B.L.); (Y.H.); (L.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Rui Jia
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; (Y.R.); (B.L.); (Y.H.); (L.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; (Y.R.); (B.L.); (Y.H.); (L.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
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Xu M, Zuo D, Wang Q, Lv L, Zhang Y, Jiao H, Zhang X, Yang Y, Song G, Cheng H. Identification and molecular evolution of the GLX genes in 21 plant species: a focus on the Gossypium hirsutum. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:474. [PMID: 37608304 PMCID: PMC10464159 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09524-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The glyoxalase system includes glyoxalase I (GLXI), glyoxalase II (GLXII) and glyoxalase III (GLXIII), which are responsible for methylglyoxal (MG) detoxification and involved in abiotic stress responses such as drought, salinity and heavy metal. RESULTS In this study, a total of 620 GLX family genes were identified from 21 different plant species. The results of evolutionary analysis showed that GLX genes exist in all species from lower plants to higher plants, inferring that GLX genes might be important for plants, and GLXI and GLXII account for the majority. In addition, motif showed an expanding trend in the process of evolution. The analysis of cis-acting elements in 21 different plant species showed that the promoter region of the GLX genes were rich in phytohormones and biotic and abiotic stress-related elements, indicating that GLX genes can participate in a variety of life processes. In cotton, GLXs could be divided into two groups and most GLXIs distributed in group I, GLXIIs and GLXIIIs mainly belonged to group II, indicating that there are more similarities between GLXII and GLXIII in cotton evolution. The transcriptome data analysis and quantitative real-time PCR analysis (qRT-PCR) show that some members of GLX family would respond to high temperature treatment in G.hirsutum. The protein interaction network of GLXs in G.hirsutum implied that most members can participate in various life processes through protein interactions. CONCLUSIONS The results elucidated the evolutionary history of GLX family genes in plants and lay the foundation for their functions analysis in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglin Xu
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Cotton Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Dongyun Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Cotton Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Qiaolian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Cotton Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Limin Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Cotton Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Youping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Cotton Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Huixin Jiao
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Cotton Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Cotton Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Cotton Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Guoli Song
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Cotton Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China.
| | - Hailiang Cheng
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Cotton Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China.
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3
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Wang Y, Wu Y, Niu H, Liu Y, Ma Y, Wang X, Li Z, Dong Q. Different cellular fatty acid pattern and gene expression of planktonic and biofilm state Listeria monocytogenes under nutritional stress. Food Res Int 2023; 167:112698. [PMID: 37087265 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive bacterium frequently involved in food-borne disease outbreaks and is widely distributed in the food-processing environment. This work aims to depict the impact of nutrition deficiency on the survival strategy of L. monocytogenes both in planktonic and biofilm states. In the present study, cell characteristics (autoaggression, hydrophobicity and motility), membrane fatty acid composition of MRL300083 (Lm83) in the forms of planktonic and biofilm-associated cells cultured in TSB-YE and 10-fold dilutions of TSB-YE (DTSB-YE) were investigated. Additionally, the relative expression of related genes were also determined by RT-qPCR. It was observed that cell growth in different bacterial life modes under nutritional stress rendered the cells a distinct phenotype. The higher autoaggression (AAG) and motility of the planktonic cells in DTSB-YE is associated with better biofilm formation. An increased proportion of unsaturated fatty acid/saturated fatty acid (USFA/SFA) indicates more fluidic biophysical properties for cell membranes of L. monocytogenes in planktonic and biofilm cells in DTSB-YE. Biofilm cells produced a higher percentage of USFA and straight fatty acids than the corresponding planktonic cells. An appropriate degree of membrane fluidity is crucial for survival, and alteration of membrane lipids is an essential adaptive response. The adaptation of bacteria to stress is a multifactorial cellular process, the expression of flagella-related genes fliG, fliP, flgE and the two-component chemotactic system cheA/Y genes of planktonic cells in DTSB-YE significantly increased compared to that in TSB-YE (p < 0.05). This study provides new information on the role of the physiological adaptation and gene expression of L. monocytogenes for planktonic and biofilm growth under nutritional stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; School of Food and Drugs, Shanghai Zhongqiao Vocational and Technical University, Shanghai 201514, China
| | - Youzhi Wu
- School of Food and Drugs, Shanghai Zhongqiao Vocational and Technical University, Shanghai 201514, China
| | - Hongmei Niu
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yangtai Liu
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yue Ma
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Zhuosi Li
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Qingli Dong
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
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Couvillion SP, Danczak RE, Naylor D, Smith ML, Stratton KG, Paurus VL, Bloodsworth KJ, Farris Y, Schmidt DJ, Richardson RE, Bramer LM, Fansler SJ, Nakayasu ES, McDermott JE, Metz TO, Lipton MS, Jansson JK, Hofmockel KS. Rapid remodeling of the soil lipidome in response to a drying-rewetting event. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:34. [PMID: 36849975 PMCID: PMC9969633 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01427-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbiomes contribute to multiple ecosystem services by transforming organic matter in the soil. Extreme shifts in the environment, such as drying-rewetting cycles during drought, can impact the microbial metabolism of organic matter by altering microbial physiology and function. These physiological responses are mediated in part by lipids that are responsible for regulating interactions between cells and the environment. Despite this critical role in regulating the microbial response to stress, little is known about microbial lipids and metabolites in the soil or how they influence phenotypes that are expressed under drying-rewetting cycles. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a soil incubation experiment to simulate soil drying during a summer drought of an arid grassland, then measured the response of the soil lipidome and metabolome during the first 3 h after wet-up. RESULTS Reduced nutrient access during soil drying incurred a replacement of membrane phospholipids, resulting in a diminished abundance of multiple phosphorus-rich membrane lipids. The hot and dry conditions increased the prevalence of sphingolipids and lipids containing long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, both of which are associated with heat and osmotic stress-mitigating properties in fungi. This novel finding suggests that lipids commonly present in eukaryotes such as fungi may play a significant role in supporting community resilience displayed by arid land soil microbiomes during drought. As early as 10 min after rewetting dry soil, distinct changes were observed in several lipids that had bacterial signatures including a rapid increase in the abundance of glycerophospholipids with saturated and short fatty acid chains, prototypical of bacterial membrane lipids. Polar metabolites including disaccharides, nucleic acids, organic acids, inositols, and amino acids also increased in abundance upon rewetting. This rapid metabolic reactivation and growth after rewetting coincided with an increase in the relative abundance of firmicutes, suggesting that members of this phylum were positively impacted by rewetting. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed specific changes in lipids and metabolites that are indicative of stress adaptation, substrate use, and cellular recovery during soil drying and subsequent rewetting. The drought-induced nutrient limitation was reflected in the lipidome and polar metabolome, both of which rapidly shifted (within hours) upon rewet. Reduced nutrient access in dry soil caused the replacement of glycerophospholipids with phosphorus-free lipids and impeded resource-expensive osmolyte accumulation. Elevated levels of ceramides and lipids with long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in dry soil suggest that lipids likely play an important role in the drought tolerance of microbial taxa capable of synthesizing these lipids. An increasing abundance of bacterial glycerophospholipids and triacylglycerols with fatty acids typical of bacteria and polar metabolites suggest a metabolic recovery in representative bacteria once the environmental conditions are conducive for growth. These results underscore the importance of the soil lipidome as a robust indicator of microbial community responses, especially at the short time scales of cell-environment reactions. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha P Couvillion
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Robert E Danczak
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Dan Naylor
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Montana L Smith
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Kelly G Stratton
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Vanessa L Paurus
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Kent J Bloodsworth
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Yuliya Farris
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Darren J Schmidt
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Rachel E Richardson
- National Security Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Lisa M Bramer
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Sarah J Fansler
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Ernesto S Nakayasu
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Jason E McDermott
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Thomas O Metz
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Mary S Lipton
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Janet K Jansson
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Kirsten S Hofmockel
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA.
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
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5
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Lu Z, Wu Y, Chen Y, Chen X, Wu R, Lu Q, Chen D, Huang R. Role of spt23 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae thermal tolerance. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:3691-3705. [PMID: 35476152 PMCID: PMC9151549 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11920-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
spt23 plays multiple roles in the thermal tolerance of budding yeast. spt23 regulates unsaturated lipid acid (ULA) content in the cell, which can then significantly affect cellular thermal tolerance. Being a Ty suppressor, spt23 can also interact with transposons (Tys) that are contributors to yeast's adaptive evolution. Nevertheless, few studies have investigated whether and how much spt23 can exert its regulatory functions through transposons. In this study, expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis was conducted with thermal-tolerant Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains, and spt23 was identified as one of the most important genes in mutants. spt23-overexpression (OE), deletion (Del), and integrative-expressed (IE) strains were constructed. Their heat tolerance, ethanol production, the expression level of key genes, and lipid acid contents in the cell membranes were measured. Furthermore, LTR (long terminal repeat)-amplicon sequencing was used to profile yeast transposon activities in the treatments. The results showed the Del type had a higher survival rate, biomass, and ethanol production, revealing negative correlations between spt23 expression levels and thermal tolerance. Total unsaturated lipid acid (TULA) contents in cell membranes were lower in the Del type, indicating its negative association with spt23 expression levels. The Del type resulted in the lower richness and higher evenness in LTR distributions, as well as higher transposon activities. The intersection of 3 gene sets and regression analysis revealed the relative weight of spt23's direct and TY-induced influence is about 4:3. These results suggested a heat tolerance model in which spt23 increases cell thermal tolerance through transcriptional regulation in addition to spt23-transposon triggered unknown responses. KEY POINTS: • spt23 is a key gene for heat tolerance, important for LA contents but not vital. • Deletion of spt23 decreases in yeast's LTR richness but not in evenness. • The relative weight of spt23's direct and TY-induced influence is about 4:3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilong Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, People's Republic of China.,College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanling Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, People's Republic of China
| | - Renzhi Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Lu
- National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, People's Republic of China
| | - Ribo Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, People's Republic of China. .,College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, People's Republic of China. .,National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, People's Republic of China.
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Poosapati S, Ravulapalli PD, Viswanathaswamy DK, Kannan M. Proteomics of Two Thermotolerant Isolates of Trichoderma under High-Temperature Stress. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:1002. [PMID: 34946985 PMCID: PMC8704589 DOI: 10.3390/jof7121002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Several species of the soil borne fungus of the genus Trichoderma are known to be versatile, opportunistic plant symbionts and are the most successful biocontrol agents used in today's agriculture. To be successful in field conditions, the fungus must endure varying climatic conditions. Studies have indicated that a high atmospheric temperature coupled with low humidity is a major factor in the inconsistent performance of Trichoderma under field conditions. Understanding the molecular modulations associated with Trichoderma that persist and deliver under abiotic stress conditions will aid in exploiting the value of these organisms for such uses. In this study, a comparative proteomic analysis, using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF-TOF) mass spectrometry, was used to identify proteins associated with thermotolerance in two thermotolerant isolates of Trichoderma: T. longibrachiatum 673, TaDOR673 and T. asperellum 7316, TaDOR7316; with 32 differentially expressed proteins being identified. Sequence homology and conserved domains were used to identify these proteins and to assign a probable function to them. The thermotolerant isolate, TaDOR673, seemed to employ the stress signaling MAPK pathways and heat shock response pathways to combat the stress condition, whereas the moderately tolerant isolate, TaDOR7316, seemed to adapt to high-temperature conditions by reducing the accumulation of misfolded proteins through an unfolded protein response pathway and autophagy. In addition, there were unique, as well as common, proteins that were differentially expressed in the two isolates studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sowmya Poosapati
- Department of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad 500030, India;
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Prasad Durga Ravulapalli
- Department of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad 500030, India;
| | | | - Monica Kannan
- Proteomics Facility, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India;
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Mbuyane LL, Bauer FF, Divol B. The metabolism of lipids in yeasts and applications in oenology. Food Res Int 2021; 141:110142. [PMID: 33642009 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lipids are valuable compounds present in all living organisms, which display an array of functions related to compartmentalization, energy storage and enzyme activation. Furthermore, these compounds are an integral part of the plasma membrane which is responsible for maintaining structure, facilitating the transport of solutes in and out of the cell and cellular signalling necessary for cell survival. The lipid composition of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been extensively investigated and the impact of lipids on S. cerevisiae cellular functions during wine alcoholic fermentation is well documented. Although other yeast species are currently used in various industries and are receiving increasing attention in winemaking, little is known about their lipid metabolism. This review article provides an extensive and critical evaluation of our knowledge on the biosynthesis, accumulation, metabolism and regulation of fatty acids and sterols in yeasts. The implications of the yeast lipid content on stress resistance as well as performance during alcoholic fermentation are discussed and a particular emphasis is given on non-Saccharomyces yeasts. Understanding lipid requirements and metabolism in non-Saccharomyces yeasts may lead to a better management of these yeast to enhance their contributions to wine properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lethiwe Lynett Mbuyane
- South African Grape and Wine Research Institute, Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - Florian Franz Bauer
- South African Grape and Wine Research Institute, Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - Benoit Divol
- South African Grape and Wine Research Institute, Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa.
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Effect of overexpression of SNF1 on the transcriptional and metabolic landscape of baker's yeast under freezing stress. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:10. [PMID: 33413411 PMCID: PMC7792352 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-01503-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Freezing stress is the key factor that affecting the cell activity and fermentation performance of baker’s yeast in frozen dough production. Generally, cells protect themselves from injury and maintain metabolism by regulating gene expression and modulating metabolic patterns in stresses. The Snf1 protein kinase is an important regulator of yeast in response to stresses. In this study, we aim to study the role of the catalytic subunit of Snf1 protein kinase in the cell tolerance and dough leavening ability of baker’s yeast during freezing. Furthermore, the effects of SNF1 overexpression on the global gene expression and metabolite profile of baker’s yeast before and after freezing were analysed using RNA-sequencing and untargeted UPLC − QTOF-MS/MS, respectively. Results The results suggest that overexpression of SNF1 was effective in enhancing the cell tolerance and fermentation capacity of baker’s yeast in freezing, which may be related to the upregulated proteasome, altered metabolism of carbon sources and protectant molecules, and changed cell membrane components. SNF1 overexpression altered the level of leucin, proline, serine, isoleucine, arginine, homocitrulline, glycerol, palmitic acid, lysophosphatidylcholine (LysoPC), and lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) before freezing, conferring cells resistance in freezing. After freezing, relative high level of proline, lysine, and glycerol maintained by SNF1 overexpression with increased content of LysoPC and LysoPE. Conclusions This study will increase the knowledge of the cellular response of baker’s yeast cells to freezing and provide new opportunities for the breeding of low-temperature resistant strains.
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Ma J, Wang W, Sun C, Gu L, Liu Z, Yu W, Chen L, Jiang Z, Hou J. Effects of environmental stresses on the physiological characteristics, adhesion ability and pathogen adhesion inhibition of Lactobacillus plantarum KLDS 1.0328. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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10
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Transcriptome analysis reveals the protection mechanism of proanthocyanidins for Saccharomyces cerevisiae during wine fermentation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6676. [PMID: 32317674 PMCID: PMC7174367 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63631-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Grape-derived proanthocyanidins could act as a protector against various environmental stresses for Saccharomyces cerevisiae during wine fermentation, resulting in the increased physiological activity, fermentation efficiency and improved wine quality. In order to explore the possible protection mechanism of proanthocyanidins globally, RNA-seq analysis for wine yeast AWRI R2 cultivated with 0 g/L (group A), 0.1 g/L (group B), 1.0 g/L (group C) proanthocyanidins were applied in this study. Differentially expressed genes were enriched into six metabolic pathways including vitamin B6, thiamine, amino acids, aminoacyl-tRNA, carbohydrate and steroid based on KEGG enrichment analysis. Four key genes (SNZ2, THI6, THI21 and THI80), participated in the biosynthesis of vitamin B6 and thiamine, were up-regulated significantly in proanthocyanidins treated yeast cells and the gene expression levels were verified by RT-qPCR. Yeast cells supplemented with proanthocyanidins performed increased intracellular levels of vitamin B6 and thiamine and higher cell viability compared to the control group. In addition, the composition of intracellular fatty acids showed an obvious alternation in proanthocyanidins-treated yeast cells, in which the UFAs content increased whereas the SFA content decreased. In general, we provided an indirect protection effect of proanthocyanidins on the yeast cells to alleviate environmental stresses during wine fermentation.
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Siroli L, Braschi G, Rossi S, Gottardi D, Patrignani F, Lanciotti R. Lactobacillus paracasei A13 and High-Pressure Homogenization Stress Response. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E439. [PMID: 32244939 PMCID: PMC7143770 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8030439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sub-lethal high-pressure homogenization treatments applied to Lactobacillus paracasei A13 demonstrated to be a useful strategy to enhance technological and functional properties without detrimental effects on the viability of this strain. Modification of membrane fatty acid composition is reported to be the main regulatory mechanisms adopted by probiotic lactobacilli to counteract high-pressure stress. This work is aimed to clarify and understand the relationship between the modification of membrane fatty acid composition and the expression of genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis in Lactobacillus paracasei A13, before and after the application of different sub-lethal hyperbaric treatments. Our results showed that Lactobacillus paracasei A13 activated a series of reactions aimed to control and stabilize membrane fluidity in response to high-pressure homogenization treatments. In fact, the production of cyclic fatty acids was counterbalanced by the unsaturation and elongation of fatty acids. The gene expression data indicate an up-regulation of the genes accA, accC, fabD, fabH and fabZ after high-pressure homogenization treatment at 150 and 200 MPa, and of fabK and fabZ after a treatment at 200 MPa suggesting this regulation of the genes involved in fatty acids biosynthesis as an immediate response mechanism adopted by Lactobacillus paracasei A13 to high-pressure homogenization treatments to balance the membrane fluidity. Although further studies should be performed to clarify the modulation of phospholipids and glycoproteins biosynthesis since they play a crucial role in the functional properties of the probiotic strains, this study represents an important step towards understanding the response mechanisms of Lactobacillus paracasei A13 to sub-lethal high-pressure homogenization treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Siroli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, p.zza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy; (L.S.); (G.B.); (S.R.); (D.G.); (R.L.)
| | - Giacomo Braschi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, p.zza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy; (L.S.); (G.B.); (S.R.); (D.G.); (R.L.)
| | - Samantha Rossi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, p.zza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy; (L.S.); (G.B.); (S.R.); (D.G.); (R.L.)
| | - Davide Gottardi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, p.zza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy; (L.S.); (G.B.); (S.R.); (D.G.); (R.L.)
| | - Francesca Patrignani
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, p.zza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy; (L.S.); (G.B.); (S.R.); (D.G.); (R.L.)
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Agri-food Research, University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Rosalba Lanciotti
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, p.zza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy; (L.S.); (G.B.); (S.R.); (D.G.); (R.L.)
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Agri-food Research, University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy
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Zhang C, García-Rodas R, Molero C, de Oliveira HC, Tabernero L, Reverter D, Zaragoza O, Ariño J. Characterization of the atypical Ppz/Hal3 phosphatase system from the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans. Mol Microbiol 2019; 111:898-917. [PMID: 30536975 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Ppz Ser/Thr protein phosphatases (PPases) are found only in fungi and have been proposed as potential antifungal targets. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ppz1 (ScPpz1) is involved in regulation of monovalent cation homeostasis. ScPpz1 is inhibited by two regulatory proteins, Hal3 and Vhs3, which have moonlighting properties, contributing to the formation of an unusual heterotrimeric PPC decarboxylase (PPCDC) complex crucial for CoA biosynthesis. Here we report the functional characterization of CnPpz1 (CNAG_03673) and two possible Hal3-like proteins, CnHal3a (CNAG_00909) and CnHal3b (CNAG_07348) from the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans. Deletion of CnPpz1 or CnHal3b led to phenotypes unrelated to those observed in the equivalent S. cerevisiae mutants, and the CnHal3b-deficient strain was less virulent. CnPpz1 is a functional PPase and partially replaced endogenous ScPpz1. Both CnHal3a and CnHal3b interact with ScPpz1 and CnPpz1 in vitro but do not inhibit their phosphatase activity. Consistently, when expressed in S. cerevisiae, they poorly reproduced the Ppz1-regulatory properties of ScHal3. In contrast, both proteins were functional monogenic PPCDCs. The CnHal3b isoform was crystallized and, for the first time, the 3D-structure of a fungal PPCDC elucidated. Therefore, our work provides the foundations for understanding the regulation and functional role of the Ppz1-Hal3 system in this important pathogenic fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyi Zhang
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular and Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rocío García-Rodas
- Mycology Reference Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Molero
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular and Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Haroldo Cesar de Oliveira
- Mycology Reference Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lydia Tabernero
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - David Reverter
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular and Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oscar Zaragoza
- Mycology Reference Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Ariño
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular and Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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Siroli L, Braschi G, de Jong A, Kok J, Patrignani F, Lanciotti R. Transcriptomic approach and membrane fatty acid analysis to study the response mechanisms of Escherichia coli to thyme essential oil, carvacrol, 2-(E)-hexanal and citral exposure. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 125:1308-1320. [PMID: 30028070 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The application of essential oils (EOs) and their components as food preservatives is promising but requires a deeper understanding of their mechanisms of action. This study aims to evaluate the effects of thyme EO, carvacrol, citral and 2-(E)-hexenal, on whole-genome gene expression (the transcriptome), as well as the fatty acid (FA) composition of the cell membranes of Escherichia coli K12. METHODS AND RESULTS Therefore, we studied the response against 1 h of exposure to sublethal concentrations of natural antimicrobials, of exponentially growing E. coli K12, using DNA microarray technology and a gas chromatographic method. The results show that treatment with a sublethal concentration of the antimicrobials strongly affects global gene expression in E. coli for all antimicrobials used. Major changes in the expression of genes involved in metabolic pathways as well as in FA biosynthesis and protection against oxidative stress were evidenced. Moreover, the sublethal treatments resulted in increased levels of unsaturated and cyclic FAs as well as an increase in the chain length compared to the controls. CONCLUSIONS The down-regulation of genes involved in aerobic metabolism indicates a shift from respiration to fermentative growth. Moreover, the results obtained suggest that the cytoplasmic membrane of E. coli is the major cellular target of EOs and their components. In addition, the key role of membrane unsaturated FAs in the response mechanisms of E. coli to natural antimicrobials has been confirmed in this study. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The transcriptomic data obtained signify a further step to understand the mechanisms of action of natural antimicrobials also when sublethal concentrations and short-term exposure. In addition, this research goes in deep correlating the transcriptomic modification with the changes in E. coli FA composition of cell membrane identified as the main target of the natural antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Siroli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Campus of Food Science, Cesena, Italy.,Interdipartimental Centre for Industrial Research-CIRI-AGRIFOOD, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Cesena (FC), Italy
| | - G Braschi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Campus of Food Science, Cesena, Italy
| | - A de Jong
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J Kok
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - F Patrignani
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Campus of Food Science, Cesena, Italy.,Interdipartimental Centre for Industrial Research-CIRI-AGRIFOOD, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Cesena (FC), Italy
| | - R Lanciotti
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Campus of Food Science, Cesena, Italy.,Interdipartimental Centre for Industrial Research-CIRI-AGRIFOOD, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Cesena (FC), Italy
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Zhuang S, Smart K, Powell C. Impact of Extracellular Osmolality onSaccharomycesYeast Populations during Brewing Fermentations. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1094/asbcj-2017-3505-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiwen Zhuang
- Division of Food Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, U.K
| | | | - Chris Powell
- Division of Food Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, U.K
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Thermotolerant yeasts selected by adaptive evolution express heat stress response at 30 °C. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27003. [PMID: 27229477 PMCID: PMC4882594 DOI: 10.1038/srep27003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to long-term environmental changes across >100s of generations results in adapted phenotypes, but little is known about how metabolic and transcriptional responses are optimized in these processes. Here, we show that thermotolerant yeast strains selected by adaptive laboratory evolution to grow at increased temperature, activated a constitutive heat stress response when grown at the optimal ancestral temperature, and that this is associated with a reduced growth rate. This preventive response was perfected by additional transcriptional changes activated when the cultivation temperature is increased. Remarkably, the sum of global transcriptional changes activated in the thermotolerant strains when transferred from the optimal to the high temperature, corresponded, in magnitude and direction, to the global changes observed in the ancestral strain exposed to the same transition. This demonstrates robustness of the yeast transcriptional program when exposed to heat, and that the thermotolerant strains streamlined their path to rapidly and optimally reach post-stress transcriptional and metabolic levels. Thus, long-term adaptation to heat improved yeasts ability to rapidly adapt to increased temperatures, but this also causes a trade-off in the growth rate at the optimal ancestral temperature.
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16
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Gandhi A, Shah NP. Effect of salt stress on morphology and membrane composition of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, and Bifidobacterium bifidum, and their adhesion to human intestinal epithelial-like Caco-2 cells. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:2594-2605. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Serrazanetti DI, Patrignani F, Russo A, Vannini L, Siroli L, Gardini F, Lanciotti R. Cell membrane fatty acid changes and desaturase expression of Saccharomyces bayanus exposed to high pressure homogenization in relation to the supplementation of exogenous unsaturated fatty acids. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1105. [PMID: 26528258 PMCID: PMC4600958 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: The aim of this work was to study the responses of Saccharomyces bayanus cells exposed to sub-lethal high-pressure homogenization (HPH) and determine whether the plasmatic membrane can sense HPH in the presence, or absence, of exogenous unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) in the growth medium. Methods and Results: High-pressure homogenization damaged and caused the collapse of cell walls and membranes of a portion of cells; however, HPH did not significantly affect S. bayanus cell viability (less than 0.3 Log CFU ml-1). HPH strongly affected the membrane fatty acid (FA) composition by increasing the percentage of total UFA when compared with saturated fatty acids. The gene expression showed that the transcription of OLE1, ERG3, and ERG11 increased after HPH. The presence of exogenous UFA abolished HPH-induced effects on the OLE1 and ERG3 genes, increased the percentage of membrane lipids and decreased the expression of OLE1 and ERG3 within 30 min of treatment. Conclusion: The results suggest a key role for UFA in the microbial cell response to sub-lethal stress. In addition, these data provide insight into the molecular basis of the response of S. bayanus to this innovative technology. Significance and Impact of the Study: Elucidation of the mechanism of action for sub-lethal HPH will enable the utilization of this technology to modulate the starter performance at the industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana I Serrazanetti
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Industriale Agroalimentare, Università degli Studi di Bologna Cesena, Italy
| | - Francesca Patrignani
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari, Università degli Studi di Bologna Cesena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Russo
- Servizio Sanitario Regionale, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale di Imola Imola, Italy
| | - Lucia Vannini
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Industriale Agroalimentare, Università degli Studi di Bologna Cesena, Italy ; Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari, Università degli Studi di Bologna Cesena, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Siroli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari, Università degli Studi di Bologna Cesena, Italy
| | - Fausto Gardini
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Industriale Agroalimentare, Università degli Studi di Bologna Cesena, Italy ; Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari, Università degli Studi di Bologna Cesena, Italy
| | - Rosalba Lanciotti
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Industriale Agroalimentare, Università degli Studi di Bologna Cesena, Italy ; Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari, Università degli Studi di Bologna Cesena, Italy
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18
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Vieira CP, Álvares TS, Gomes LS, Torres AG, Paschoalin VMF, Conte-Junior CA. Kefir Grains Change Fatty Acid Profile of Milk during Fermentation and Storage. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139910. [PMID: 26444286 PMCID: PMC4596570 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have reported that lactic acid bacteria may increase the production of free fatty acids by lipolysis of milk fat, though no studies have been found in the literature showing the effect of kefir grains on the composition of fatty acids in milk. In this study the influence of kefir grains from different origins [Rio de Janeiro (AR), Viçosa (AV) e Lavras (AD)], different time of storage, and different fat content on the fatty acid content of cow milk after fermentation was investigated. Fatty acid composition was determined by gas chromatography. Values were considered significantly different when p<0.05. The highest palmitic acid content, which is antimutagenic compost, was seen in AV grain (36.6g/100g fatty acids), which may have contributed to increasing the antimutagenic potential in fermented milk. Higher monounsaturated fatty acid (25.8g/100g fatty acids) and lower saturated fatty acid (72.7g/100g fatty acids) contents were observed in AV, when compared to other grains, due to higher Δ9-desaturase activity (0.31) that improves the nutritional quality of lipids. Higher oleic acid (25.0g/100g fatty acids) and monounsaturated fatty acid (28.2g/100g fatty acids) and lower saturated fatty acid (67.2g/100g fatty acids) contents were found in stored kefir relatively to fermented kefir leading to possible increase of antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic potential and improvement of nutritional quality of lipids in storage milk. Only high-lipidic matrix displayed increase polyunsaturated fatty acids after fermentation. These findings open up new areas of study related to optimizing desaturase activity during fermentation in order to obtaining a fermented product with higher nutritional lipid quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. P. Vieira
- Food Science Program, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - T. S. Álvares
- Nutrition Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - L. S. Gomes
- Food Science Program, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - A. G. Torres
- Food Science Program, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - V. M. F. Paschoalin
- Food Science Program, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - C. A. Conte-Junior
- Food Science Program, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Food Technology, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Siroli L, Patrignani F, Gardini F, Lanciotti R. Effects of sub-lethal concentrations of thyme and oregano essential oils, carvacrol, thymol, citral and trans-2-hexenal on membrane fatty acid composition and volatile molecule profile of Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis. Food Chem 2015; 182:185-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.02.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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20
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Guyot S, Gervais P, Young M, Winckler P, Dumont J, Davey HM. Surviving the heat: heterogeneity of response in Saccharomyces cerevisiae provides insight into thermal damage to the membrane. Environ Microbiol 2015; 17:2982-92. [PMID: 25845620 PMCID: PMC4676927 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Environmental heat stress impacts on the physiology and viability of microbial cells with concomitant implications for microbial activity and diversity. Previously, it has been demonstrated that gradual heating of Saccharomyces cerevisiae induces a degree of thermal resistance, whereas a heat shock results in a high level of cell death. Here, we show that the impact of exogenous nutrients on acquisition of thermal resistance differs between strains. Using single-cell methods, we demonstrate the extent of heterogeneity of the heat-stress response within populations of yeast cells and the presence of subpopulations that are reversibly damaged by heat stress. Such cells represent potential for recovery of entire populations once stresses are removed. The results show that plasma membrane permeability and potential are key factors involved in cell survival, but thermal resistance is not related to homeoviscous adaptation of the plasma membrane. These results have implications for growth and regrowth of populations experiencing environmental heat stress and our understanding of impacts at the level of the single cell. Given the important role of microbes in biofuel production and bioremediation, a thorough understanding of the impact of stress responses of populations and individuals is highly desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Guyot
- UMR A 02.102 Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques (PAM), Equipe Procédés Microbiologiques et Biotechnologiques (PMB)1 Esplanade Erasme, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Patrick Gervais
- UMR A 02.102 Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques (PAM), Equipe Procédés Microbiologiques et Biotechnologiques (PMB)1 Esplanade Erasme, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Michael Young
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth UniversityPenglais, Aberystwyth, Wales, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Pascale Winckler
- Spectral Imagerie Resource Center, Agrosup Dijon/Université de Bourgogne1 Esplanade Erasme, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Jennifer Dumont
- UMR A 02.102 Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques (PAM), Equipe Procédés Microbiologiques et Biotechnologiques (PMB)1 Esplanade Erasme, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Hazel Marie Davey
- Spectral Imagerie Resource Center, Agrosup Dijon/Université de Bourgogne1 Esplanade Erasme, 21000, Dijon, France
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Shi J, Feng H, Lee J, Ning Chen W. Comparative proteomics profile of lipid-cumulating oleaginous yeast: an iTRAQ-coupled 2-D LC-MS/MS analysis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e85532. [PMID: 24386479 PMCID: PMC3873444 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of intracellular lipid in oleaginous yeast cells has been studied for providing an alternative supply for energy, biofuel. Numerous studies have been conducted on increasing lipid content in oleaginous yeasts. However, few explore the mechanism of the high lipid accumulation ability of oleaginous yeast strains at the proteomics level. In this study, a time-course comparative proteomics analysis was introduced to compare the non-oleaginous yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, with two oleaginous yeast strains, Cryptococcus albidus and Rhodosporidium toruloides at different lipid accumulation stages. Two dimensional LC-MS/MS approach has been applied for protein profiling together with isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) labelling method. 132 proteins were identified when three yeast strains were all at early lipid accumulation stage; 122 and 116 proteins were found respectively within cells of three strains collected at middle and late lipid accumulation stages. Significantly up-regulation or down-regulation of proteins were experienced among comparison. Essential proteins correlated to lipid synthesis and regulation were detected. Our approach provides valuable indication and better understanding for lipid accumulation mechanism from proteomics level and would further contribute to genetic engineering of oleaginous yeasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahua Shi
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Huixing Feng
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Jaslyn Lee
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Wei Ning Chen
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- * E-mail:
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22
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Qureshi MI, Abdin MZ, Ahmad J, Iqbal M. Effect of long-term salinity on cellular antioxidants, compatible solute and fatty acid profile of Sweet Annie (Artemisia annua L.). PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2013; 95:215-23. [PMID: 23871298 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Impact of long-term salinity and subsequent oxidative stress was studied on cellular antioxidants, proline accumulation and lipid profile of Artemisia annua L. (Sweet Annie or Qinghao) which yields artemisinin (Qinghaosu), effective against cerebral malaria-causing strains of Plasmodium falciparum. Under salinity (0.0-160 mM NaCl), in A. annua, proline accumulation, contents of ascorbate and glutathione and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR) and catalase (CAT) increased, but the contents of reduced forms of glutathione (GSH) and ascorbate declined. The fatty-acid profiling revealed a major salinity-induced shift towards long-chain and mono-saturated fatty acids. Myristic acid (14:0), palmitoleic acid (16:1), linoleic acid (18:2) and erucic acid (22:1) increased by 141%, 186%, 34% and 908%, respectively, in comparison with the control. Contents of oleic acid (18:1), linolenic acid (18:3), arachidonic acid (22:0) and lignoceric acid (24:0) decreased by 50%, 17%, 44% and 78%, respectively. Thus, in A. annua, salinity declines ascorbate and GSH contents. However, increased levels of proline and total glutathione (GSH+GSSG), and activities of antioxidant enzymes might provide a certain level of tolerance. Modification in fatty-acid composition might be a membrane adaptation to long-term salinity and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Irfan Qureshi
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110 025, India.
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Tabanelli G, Patrignani F, Gardini F, Vinderola G, Reinheimer J, Grazia L, Lanciotti R. Effect of a sublethal high-pressure homogenization treatment on the fatty acid membrane composition of probiotic lactobacilli. Lett Appl Microbiol 2013; 58:109-17. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.12164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Tabanelli
- Inter-Departmental Centre of Industrial Agri-Food Research (CIRI Agroalimentare); Cesena Italy
| | - F. Patrignani
- Department of Agri-Food Science and Technologies, Alma Mater Studiorum; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - F. Gardini
- Inter-Departmental Centre of Industrial Agri-Food Research (CIRI Agroalimentare); Cesena Italy
- Department of Agri-Food Science and Technologies, Alma Mater Studiorum; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - G. Vinderola
- Instituto de Lactología Industrial (INLAIN, UNL-CONICET); Facultad de Ingeniería Química; Universidad Nacional del Litoral; Santa Fe Argentina
| | - J. Reinheimer
- Instituto de Lactología Industrial (INLAIN, UNL-CONICET); Facultad de Ingeniería Química; Universidad Nacional del Litoral; Santa Fe Argentina
| | - L. Grazia
- Inter-Departmental Centre of Industrial Agri-Food Research (CIRI Agroalimentare); Cesena Italy
- Department of Agri-Food Science and Technologies, Alma Mater Studiorum; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - R. Lanciotti
- Inter-Departmental Centre of Industrial Agri-Food Research (CIRI Agroalimentare); Cesena Italy
- Department of Agri-Food Science and Technologies, Alma Mater Studiorum; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
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24
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Fernandes PN, Mannarino SC, Silva CG, Pereira MD, Panek AD, Eleutherio EC. Oxidative stress response in eukaryotes: effect of glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase on adaptation to peroxide and menadione stresses inSaccharomyces cerevisiae. Redox Rep 2013; 12:236-44. [DOI: 10.1179/135100007x200344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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25
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Balogh G, Péter M, Glatz A, Gombos I, Török Z, Horváth I, Harwood JL, Vígh L. Key role of lipids in heat stress management. FEBS Lett 2013; 587:1970-80. [PMID: 23684645 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Heat stress is a common and, therefore, an important environmental impact on cells and organisms. While much attention has been paid to severe heat stress, moderate temperature elevations are also important. Here we discuss temperature sensing and how responses to heat stress are not necessarily dependent on denatured proteins. Indeed, it is clear that membrane lipids have a pivotal function. Details of membrane lipid changes and the associated production of signalling metabolites are described and suggestions made as to how the interconnected signalling network could be modified for helpful intervention in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Balogh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary
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26
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Puca AA, Carrizzo A, Ferrario A, Villa F, Vecchione C. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase, vascular integrity and human exceptional longevity. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2012; 9:26. [PMID: 23153280 PMCID: PMC3538508 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4933-9-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Aging is the sum of the deleterious changes that occur as time goes by. It is the main risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease, and aging of the vasculature is the event that most often impacts on the health of elderly people. The “free-radical theory of aging” was proposed to explain aging as a consequence of the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, recent findings contradict this theory, and it now seems that mechanisms mediating longevity act through induction of oxidative stress. In fact, calorie restriction − a powerful way of delaying aging − increases ROS accumulation due to stimulation of the basal metabolic rate; moreover, reports show that antioxidant therapy is detrimental to healthy aging. We also now know that genetic manipulation of the insulin-like-growth-factor-1/insulin signal (IIS) has a profound impact on the rate of aging and that the IIS is modulated by calorie restriction and physical exercise. The IIS regulates activation of nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), the activity of which is essential to improving lifespan through calorie restriction, as demonstrated by experiments on eNOS knockout mice. Indeed, eNOS has a key role in maintaining vascular integrity during aging by activating vasorelaxation and allowing migration and angiogenesis. In this review, we will overview current literature on these topics and we will try to convince the reader of the importance of vascular integrity and nitric oxide production in determining healthy aging.
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27
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Zhang L, Hou R, Su H, Hu X, Wang S, Bao Z. Network analysis of oyster transcriptome revealed a cascade of cellular responses during recovery after heat shock. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35484. [PMID: 22530030 PMCID: PMC3329459 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oysters, as a major group of marine bivalves, can tolerate a wide range of natural and anthropogenic stressors including heat stress. Recent studies have shown that oysters pretreated with heat shock can result in induced heat tolerance. A systematic study of cellular recovery from heat shock may provide insights into the mechanism of acquired thermal tolerance. In this study, we performed the first network analysis of oyster transcriptome by reanalyzing microarray data from a previous study. Network analysis revealed a cascade of cellular responses during oyster recovery after heat shock and identified responsive gene modules and key genes. Our study demonstrates the power of network analysis in a non-model organism with poor gene annotations, which can lead to new discoveries that go beyond the focus on individual genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Rui Hou
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Hailin Su
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoli Hu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Shi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- * E-mail: (SW); (ZB)
| | - Zhenmin Bao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- * E-mail: (SW); (ZB)
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28
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Horváth I, Glatz A, Nakamoto H, Mishkind ML, Munnik T, Saidi Y, Goloubinoff P, Harwood JL, Vigh L. Heat shock response in photosynthetic organisms: membrane and lipid connections. Prog Lipid Res 2012; 51:208-20. [PMID: 22484828 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Revised: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The ability of photosynthetic organisms to adapt to increases in environmental temperatures is becoming more important with climate change. Heat stress is known to induce heat-shock proteins (HSPs) many of which act as chaperones. Traditionally, it has been thought that protein denaturation acts as a trigger for HSP induction. However, increasing evidence has shown that many stress events cause HSP induction without commensurate protein denaturation. This has led to the membrane sensor hypothesis where the membrane's physical and structural properties play an initiating role in the heat shock response. In this review, we discuss heat-induced modulation of the membrane's physical state and changes to these properties which can be brought about by interaction with HSPs. Heat stress also leads to changes in lipid-based signaling cascades and alterations in calcium transport and availability. Such observations emphasize the importance of membranes and their lipids in the heat shock response and provide a new perspective for guiding further studies into the mechanisms that mediate cellular and organismal responses to heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibolya Horváth
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biol. Res. Centre, Hungarian Acad. Sci., Temesvári krt. 62, H-6734 Szeged, Hungary
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29
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Shao S, Zhou T, McGarvey BD. Comparative metabolomic analysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae during the degradation of patulin using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 94:789-97. [PMID: 22159606 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3739-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Revised: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A comparative metabolomic analysis was conducted on Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells with and without patulin treatment using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based approach. A total of 72 metabolites were detected and compared, including 16 amino acids, 29 organic acids and alcohols, 19 sugars and sugar alcohols, 2 nucleotides, and 6 miscellaneous compounds. Principle component analysis showed a clear separation of metabolome between the cells with and without patulin treatment, and most of the identified metabolites contributed to the separation. A close examination of the identified metabolites showed an increased level of most of the free amino acids, an increased level of the intermediates in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, a higher amount of glycerol, a changed fatty acid composition, and a decreased level of cysteine and glutathione in the cells with patulin treatment. This finding indicated a slower protein synthesis rate and induced oxidative stress in the cells with patulin treatment, and provided new insights into the effect of toxic chemicals on the metabolism of organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suqin Shao
- Guelph Food Research Centre, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 5C9
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30
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Yang FL, Yang YL, Wu SH. Structure and function of glycolipids in thermophilic bacteria. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2011; 705:367-80. [PMID: 21618118 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-7877-6_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Ling Yang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
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31
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Davey HM, Hexley P. Red but not dead? Membranes of stressed Saccharomyces cerevisiae are permeable to propidium iodide. Environ Microbiol 2011; 13:163-171. [PMID: 21199254 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2010.02317.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Flow cytometric monitoring of propidium iodide (PI) uptake is a well-established and rapid method for monitoring cell death and is used on the basis that the intact membrane of viable cells excludes the propidium ion and that loss of this permeability barrier represents irreparable damage and thus cell death. These assumptions are typically based on analysis of live and killed cells. Here we have identified stress levels that lead to a loss of viability of a proportion of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells and under these conditions we show that there is a subpopulation of cells that can take up PI during and immediately following exposure to stress but that a short incubation allows repair of the membrane damage such that subsequent exposure to PI does not result in staining. Irrespective of the stress applied, approximately 7% of cells exhibited the ability to repair. These results indicate that the level of damage that the yeast cell membrane can sustain and yet retain the ability to repair is greater than previously recognized and care must therefore be taken in using the terms 'PI-positive' and 'dead' synonymously. We discuss these findings in the context of the potential for such environmental stress-induced, transient membrane permeability to have evolutionary implications via the facilitation of horizontal gene transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Davey
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Penglais, Aberystwyth SY23 3DD, UK
| | - P Hexley
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Penglais, Aberystwyth SY23 3DD, UK
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32
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Stress induced cross-protection against environmental challenges on prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbes. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 27:1281-96. [PMID: 25187127 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-010-0584-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2009] [Accepted: 09/20/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbes thrive successfully in stressful environments such as high osmolarity, acidic or alkali, solar heat and u.v. radiation, nutrient starvation, oxidative stress, and several others. To live under these continuous stress conditions, these microbes must have mechanisms to protect their proteins, membranes, and nucleic acids, as well as other mechanisms that repair nucleic acids. The stress responses in bacteria are controlled by master regulators, which include alternative sigma factors, such as RpoS and RpoH. The sigma factor RpoS integrates multiple signals, such as the general stress response regulators and the sigma factor RpoH regulates the heat shock proteins. These response pathways extensively overlap and are induced to various extents by the same environmental stresses. In eukaryotes, two major pathways regulate the stress responses: stress proteins, termed heat shock proteins (HSP), which appear to be required only for growth during moderate stress, and stress response elements (STRE), which are induced by different stress conditions and these elements result in the acquisition of a tolerant state towards any stress condition. In this review, the mechanisms of stress resistance between prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbes will be described and compared.
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Becerra M, Lombardía LJ, González-Siso MI, Rodríguez-Belmonte E, Hauser NC, Cerdán ME. Genome-wide analysis of the yeast transcriptome upon heat and cold shock. Comp Funct Genomics 2010; 4:366-75. [PMID: 18629074 PMCID: PMC2447359 DOI: 10.1002/cfg.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2002] [Revised: 05/02/2003] [Accepted: 05/22/2003] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA arrays were used to measure changes in transcript levels as yeast cells responded to temperature shocks. The number of genes upregulated by temperature shifts from
30 ℃ to 37℃ or 45℃ was correlated with the severity of the stress. Pre-adaptation
of cells, by growth at 37 ℃ previous to the 45℃ shift, caused a decrease in the
number of genes related to this response. Heat shock also caused downregulation of a
set of genes related to metabolism, cell growth and division, transcription, ribosomal
proteins, protein synthesis and destination. Probably all of these responses combine
to slow down cell growth and division during heat shock, thus saving energy for
cell rescue. The presence of putative binding sites for Xbp1p in the promoters of
these genes suggests a hypothetical role for this transcriptional repressor, although
other mechanisms may be considered. The response to cold shock (4℃) affected a
small number of genes, but the vast majority of those genes induced by exposure to
4 ℃ were also induced during heat shock; these genes share in their promoters cis-regulatory
elements previously related to other stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Becerra
- Dpto. Biología Celular y Molecular, Universidad de La Coruña, F. Ciencias, Campus de La Zapateira s/n, La Coruña 15075, Spain
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34
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Zhao XQ, Bai FW. Mechanisms of yeast stress tolerance and its manipulation for efficient fuel ethanol production. J Biotechnol 2009; 144:23-30. [PMID: 19446584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2009.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2009] [Revised: 04/28/2009] [Accepted: 05/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Yeast strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been extensively studied in recent years for fuel ethanol production, in which yeast cells are exposed to various stresses such as high temperature, ethanol inhibition, and osmotic pressure from product and substrate sugars as well as the inhibitory substances released from the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass. An in-depth understanding of the mechanism of yeast stress tolerance contributes to breeding more robust strains for ethanol production, especially under very high gravity conditions. Taking advantage of the "omics" technology, the stress response and defense mechanism of yeast cells during ethanol fermentation were further explored, and the newly emerged tools such as genome shuffling and global transcription machinery engineering have been applied to breed stress resistant yeast strains for ethanol production. In this review, the latest development of stress tolerance mechanisms was focused, and improvement of yeast stress tolerance by both random and rational tools was presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Q Zhao
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, China
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35
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The role of oxygen in yeast metabolism during high cell density brewery fermentations. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 82:1143-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-009-1909-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2008] [Revised: 02/03/2009] [Accepted: 02/03/2009] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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36
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Doherty CJ, Van Buskirk HA, Myers SJ, Thomashow MF. Roles for Arabidopsis CAMTA transcription factors in cold-regulated gene expression and freezing tolerance. THE PLANT CELL 2009; 21:972-84. [PMID: 19270186 PMCID: PMC2671710 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.108.063958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 412] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis thaliana CBF cold response pathway plays a central role in cold acclimation. It is characterized by rapid cold induction of genes encoding the CBF1-3 transcription factors, followed by expression of the CBF gene regulon, which imparts freezing tolerance. Our goal was to further the understanding of the cis-acting elements and trans-acting factors involved in expression of CBF2. We identified seven conserved DNA motifs (CM), CM1 to 7, that are present in the promoters of CBF2 and another rapidly cold-induced gene encoding a transcription factor, ZAT12. The results presented indicate that in the CBF2 promoter, CM4 and CM6 have negative regulatory activity and that CM2 has both negative and positive activity. A Myc binding site in the CBF2 promoter was also found to have positive regulatory effects. Moreover, our results indicate that members of the calmodulin binding transcription activator (CAMTA) family of transcription factors bind to the CM2 motif, that CAMTA3 is a positive regulator of CBF2 expression, and that double camta1 camta3 mutant plants are impaired in freezing tolerance. These results establish a role for CAMTA proteins in cold acclimation and provide a possible point of integrating low-temperature calcium and calmodulin signaling with cold-regulated gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen J Doherty
- Michigan State University-Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
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37
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Verbelen PJ, Depraetere SA, Winderickx J, Delvaux FR, Delvaux F. The influence of yeast oxygenation prior to brewery fermentation on yeast metabolism and the oxidative stress response. FEMS Yeast Res 2009; 9:226-39. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1567-1364.2008.00476.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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38
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Konova IV, Sergeeva YE, Galanina LA, Kochkina GA, Ivanushkina NE, Ozerskaya SM. Lipid synthesis by Geomyces pannorum under the impact of stress factors. Microbiology (Reading) 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261709010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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39
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Coulibaly I, Amenan AY, Lognay G, Fauconnier ML, Thonart P. Survival of freeze-dried leuconostoc mesenteroides and Lactobacillus plantarum related to their cellular fatty acids composition during storage. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2008; 157:70-84. [PMID: 18491235 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-008-8240-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2008] [Accepted: 03/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria strains Lactobacillus plantarum CWBI-B534 and Leuconostoc ssp. mesenteroïdes (L. mesenteroïdes) Kenya MRog2 were produced in bioreactor, concentrated, with or without cryoprotectants. In general, viable population did not change significantly after freeze-drying (p > 0.05). In most cases, viable population for cells added with cryoprotectants was significantly lower than those without (p < 0.05). Cellular fatty acids (CFAs) from the two strains in this study were analyzed before and after freeze-drying. Six CFAs were identified, namely, palmitic (C(16:0)), palmitoleic (C(16:1)), stearic (C(18:0)), oleic (C(18:1)), linoleic (C(18:2)), and linolenic (C(18:3)) acids were identified. Four of them, C(16:0), C(16:1), C(18:0), and C(18:1), make up more than 94% or 93% of the fatty acids in L. mesenteroides and L. plantarum, respectively, with another one, namely, C18:3, making a smaller (on average 5-6%, respectively) contribution. The C(18:2) contributed very small percentages (on average <or= 1%) to the total in each strain. C(16:0) had the highest proportion at most points relative to other fatty acids. Moisture content and water activity (a (w)) increased significantly during the storage period. It was observed that C(16:1)/C(16:0), C(18:0)/C(16:0) and C(18:1)/C(16:0) ratios for freeze-dried L. mesenteroides or L. plantarum, with or without cryoprotectants, did not change significantly during the storage period. According to the packaging mode and storage temperatures, C(18:2)/C(16:0) and C(18:3)/C(16:0) ratios for freeze-dried L. mesenteroides and L. plantarum with or without cryoprotectants decreased as the storage time increased. However, a higher C(18:2)/C(16:0) or C(18:3)/C(16:0) ratio for L. mesenteroides and L. plantarum was noted in the freeze-dried powder held at 4 degrees C or under vacuum and in dark than at 20 degrees C or in the presence of oxygen and light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibourahema Coulibaly
- Unité des Bio-industries, Centre Wallon de Biologie Industrielle, Faculté Universitaire des Sciences Agronomiques de Gembloux, Passage des Déportés, Gembloux, Belgium.
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Patrignani F, Iucci L, Belletti N, Gardini F, Guerzoni ME, Lanciotti R. Effects of sub-lethal concentrations of hexanal and 2-(E)-hexenal on membrane fatty acid composition and volatile compounds of Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enteritidis and Escherichia coli. Int J Food Microbiol 2008; 123:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2006] [Revised: 09/03/2007] [Accepted: 09/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Escribá PV, González-Ros JM, Goñi FM, Kinnunen PKJ, Vigh L, Sánchez-Magraner L, Fernández AM, Busquets X, Horváth I, Barceló-Coblijn G. Membranes: a meeting point for lipids, proteins and therapies. J Cell Mol Med 2008; 12:829-75. [PMID: 18266954 PMCID: PMC4401130 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2008.00281.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Membranes constitute a meeting point for lipids and proteins. Not only do they define the entity of cells and cytosolic organelles but they also display a wide variety of important functions previously ascribed to the activity of proteins alone. Indeed, lipids have commonly been considered a mere support for the transient or permanent association of membrane proteins, while acting as a selective cell/organelle barrier. However, mounting evidence demonstrates that lipids themselves regulate the location and activity of many membrane proteins, as well as defining membrane microdomains that serve as spatio-temporal platforms for interacting signalling proteins. Membrane lipids are crucial in the fission and fusion of lipid bilayers and they also act as sensors to control environmental or physiological conditions. Lipids and lipid structures participate directly as messengers or regulators of signal transduction. Moreover, their alteration has been associated with the development of numerous diseases. Proteins can interact with membranes through lipid co-/post-translational modifications, and electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions, van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonding are all involved in the associations among membrane proteins and lipids. The present study reviews these interactions from the molecular and biomedical point of view, and the effects of their modulation on the physiological activity of cells, the aetiology of human diseases and the design of clinical drugs. In fact, the influence of lipids on protein function is reflected in the possibility to use these molecular species as targets for therapies against cancer, obesity, neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular pathologies and other diseases, using a new approach called membrane-lipid therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo V Escribá
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Dept of Biology-IUNICS, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
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42
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Puca AA, Chatgilialoglu C, Ferreri C. Lipid metabolism and diet: Possible mechanisms of slow aging. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2008; 40:324-33. [PMID: 17509925 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2007.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2007] [Revised: 04/02/2007] [Accepted: 04/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The ability to survive to an extremely old age is a consequence of complex interactions among genes, environment, lifestyle and luck. In the last two centuries, life expectancy in western countries has doubled, increasing from 40 to 81 years (79 for males and 82 for females). The candidate factors to determine such mortality reduction are reduced exposure to infections and the subsequent reduction in inflammatory responses, and to some extent, improvement in diet and nutrition. Among the people born at the beginning of the previous century, a small portion of individuals (1 in 10,000 born) have reached 100 years, surviving approximately 20 years more than the general population. The successful longevity of these individuals shows a familial component, possibly genetic, as underlined by the centenarian sibling's increased chance of reaching 100 years of age compared to the general population. Genetic studies on long living individuals have led to the discovery of potential genetic causes of extreme longevity. These discoveries have highlighted the role of lipid metabolism as a potential key player in the ability to survive to extreme old age. Additional studies on the longevity phenotype have confirmed the role of lipids and lipid-associated cell activities in the predisposition to longevity, from lower eukaryotes to humans. The main focus of this review is the appreciation of demographic survival data and changes in recent diet with the above mentioned genetic and phenotypic biomarkers of longevity, in order to elucidate hypotheses on mechanisms of slow aging and disease resistance.
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Gibson BR, Lawrence SJ, Leclaire JPR, Powell CD, Smart KA. Yeast responses to stresses associated with industrial brewery handling: Figure 1. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2007; 31:535-69. [PMID: 17645521 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2007.00076.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
During brewery handling, production strains of yeast must respond to fluctuations in dissolved oxygen concentration, pH, osmolarity, ethanol concentration, nutrient supply and temperature. Fermentation performance of brewing yeast strains is dependent on their ability to adapt to these changes, particularly during batch brewery fermentation which involves the recycling (repitching) of a single yeast culture (slurry) over a number of fermentations (generations). Modern practices, such as the use of high-gravity worts and preparation of dried yeast for use as an inoculum, have increased the magnitude of the stresses to which the cell is subjected. The ability of yeast to respond effectively to these conditions is essential not only for beer production but also for maintaining the fermentation fitness of yeast for use in subsequent fermentations. During brewery handling, cells inhabit a complex environment and our understanding of stress responses under such conditions is limited. The advent of techniques capable of determining genomic and proteomic changes within the cell is likely vastly to improve our knowledge of yeast stress responses during industrial brewery handling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian R Gibson
- Division of Food Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
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Walley JW, Coughlan S, Hudson ME, Covington MF, Kaspi R, Banu G, Harmer SL, Dehesh K. Mechanical stress induces biotic and abiotic stress responses via a novel cis-element. PLoS Genet 2007; 3:1800-12. [PMID: 17953483 PMCID: PMC2039767 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.0030172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2007] [Accepted: 08/22/2007] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants are continuously exposed to a myriad of abiotic and biotic stresses. However, the molecular mechanisms by which these stress signals are perceived and transduced are poorly understood. To begin to identify primary stress signal transduction components, we have focused on genes that respond rapidly (within 5 min) to stress signals. Because it has been hypothesized that detection of physical stress is a mechanism common to mounting a response against a broad range of environmental stresses, we have utilized mechanical wounding as the stress stimulus and performed whole genome microarray analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana leaf tissue. This led to the identification of a number of rapid wound responsive (RWR) genes. Comparison of RWR genes with published abiotic and biotic stress microarray datasets demonstrates a large overlap across a wide range of environmental stresses. Interestingly, RWR genes also exhibit a striking level and pattern of circadian regulation, with induced and repressed genes displaying antiphasic rhythms. Using bioinformatic analysis, we identified a novel motif overrepresented in the promoters of RWR genes, herein designated as the Rapid Stress Response Element (RSRE). We demonstrate in transgenic plants that multimerized RSREs are sufficient to confer a rapid response to both biotic and abiotic stresses in vivo, thereby establishing the functional involvement of this motif in primary transcriptional stress responses. Collectively, our data provide evidence for a novel cis-element that is distributed across the promoters of an array of diverse stress-responsive genes, poised to respond immediately and coordinately to stress signals. This structure suggests that plants may have a transcriptional network resembling the general stress signaling pathway in yeast and that the RSRE element may provide the key to this coordinate regulation. Plants are sessile organisms constantly challenged by a wide spectrum of biotic and abiotic stresses. These stresses cause considerable losses in crop yields worldwide, while the demand for food and energy is on the rise. Understanding the molecular mechanisms driving stress responses is crucial to devising targeted strategies to engineer stress-tolerant plants. To identify primary stress-responsive genes we examined the transcriptional profile of plants after mechanical wounding, which was used as a brief, inductive stimulus. Comparison of the ensemble of rapid wound response transcripts with published transcript profiles revealed a notable overlap with biotic and abiotic stress-responsive genes. Additional quantitative analyses of selected genes over a wounding time-course enabled classification into two groups: transient and stably expressed. Bioinformatic analysis of rapid wound response gene promoter sequences enabled us to identify a novel DNA motif, designated the Rapid Stress Response Element. This motif is sufficient to confer a rapid response to both biotic and abiotic stresses in vivo, thereby confirming the functional involvement of this motif in the primary transcriptional stress response. The genes we identified may represent initial components of the general stress-response network and may be useful in engineering multi-stress tolerant plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin W Walley
- Section of Plant Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Sean Coughlan
- Agilent Technologies, Wilmington, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Matthew E Hudson
- Department of Crop Sciences, University Of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Michael F Covington
- Section of Plant Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Roy Kaspi
- Section of Plant Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Gopalan Banu
- Genomic Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Stacey L Harmer
- Section of Plant Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Katayoon Dehesh
- Section of Plant Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Vígh L, Török Z, Balogh G, Glatz A, Piotto S, Horváth I. Membrane-regulated stress response: a theoretical and practical approach. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2007; 594:114-31. [PMID: 17205680 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-39975-1_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Anumber of observations have lent support to a model in which thermal stress is transduced into a signal at the level of the cellular membranes. Our alternative, but not exclusive, approach is based on the concept that the initial stress-sensing events are associated with the physical state and lipid composition of cellular membranes, i.e., the subtle alteration(s) of membrane fluidity, phase state, and/or microheterogeneity may operate as a cellular thermometer. In fact, various pathological states and aging are associated with typical "membrane defects" and simultaneous dysregulation of heat shock protein synthesis. The discovery of nonproteotoxic membrane-lipid interacting compounds, capable of modulating membrane microdomains engaged in primary stress sensing may be of paramount importance for the design of new drugs with the ability to induce or attenuate the level of particular heat shock proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Vígh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6726, Szeged, Temesvári Krt. 62, Hungary.
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Renouf V, Falcou M, Miot-Sertier C, Perello MC, De Revel G, Lonvaud-Funel A. Interactions between Brettanomyces bruxellensis and other yeast species during the initial stages of winemaking. J Appl Microbiol 2006; 100:1208-19. [PMID: 16696668 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.02959.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Wine is the product of complex interactions between yeasts and bacteria in grape must. Amongst yeast populations, two groups can be distinguished. The first, named non-Saccharomyces (NS), colonizes, with many other micro-organisms, the surface of grape berries. In the past, NS yeasts were primarily considered as spoilage micro-organisms. However, recent studies have established a positive contribution of certain NS yeasts to wine quality. Amongst the group of NS yeasts, Brettanomyces bruxellensis, which is not prevalent on wine grapes, plays an important part in the evolution of wine aroma. Some of their secondary metabolites, namely volatile phenols, are responsible for wine spoilage. The other group contributing to wine aroma, which is also the main agent of alcoholic fermentation (AF), is composed of Saccharomyces species. The fermenting must is a complex microbial ecosystem where numerous yeast strains grow and die according to their adaptation to the medium. Yeast-yeast interactions occur during winemaking right from the onset of AF. The aim of this study was to describe the interactions between B. bruxellensis, other NS and Saccharomyces cerevisiae during laboratory and practical scale winemaking. METHODS AND RESULTS Molecular methods such as internal transcribed spacer-restriction fragment length polymorphism and polymerase chain reaction and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis were used in laboratory scale experiments and cellar observations. The influence of different oenological practices, like the level of sulphiting at harvest time, cold maceration preceding AF, addition of commercial active dry yeasts on B. bruxellensis and other yeast interactions and their evolution during the initial stages of winemaking have been studied. Brettanomyces bruxellensis was the most adapted NS yeast at the beginning of AF, and towards the end of AF it appeared to be more resistant than S. cerevisiae to the conditions of increased alcohol and sugar limitation. CONCLUSIONS Among all NS yeast species, B. bruxellensis is better adapted than other wild yeasts to resist in must and during AF. Moreover, B. bruxellensis appeared to be more tolerant to ethanol stress than S. cerevisiae and after AF B. bruxellensis was the main yeast species in wine. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Brettanomyces bruxellensis interacts with other yeast species and adapts to the wine medium as the dominant yeast species at the end of AF. Contamination of B. bruxellensis might take place at the beginning of malolactic fermentation, which is a critical stage in winemaking.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Renouf
- Umr CEnologie-Ampélogie, Inra-Université, Victor Segalen Bordeaux, France
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Rangel DEN, Butler MJ, Torabinejad J, Anderson AJ, Braga GUL, Day AW, Roberts DW. Mutants and isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae are diverse in their relationships between conidial pigmentation and stress tolerance. J Invertebr Pathol 2006; 93:170-82. [PMID: 16934287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2006.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2006] [Revised: 06/21/2006] [Accepted: 06/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Conidial pigmentation is involved in protection against heat and UV radiation in several fungal species. In this study, we compare the tolerance of 17 color mutants of wild-type ARSEF 23 plus 13 color mutants of wild-type ARSEF 2575 of Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae to wet-heat and UV-B or simulated-solar radiation. The stress tolerance of each mutant was compared with that of its wild-type parent, and with the most thermo- and UV-tolerant wild-type Metarhizium we have tested to date, M. anisopliae var. acridum (ARSEF 324). The color of each isolate or mutant was identified with the PANTONE Color Standard book [Eiseman, L., Herbert, L., 1990. The PANTONE((R)) Book of Color: over 1000 color standards: color basics and guidelines for design, fashion, furnishing... and more. Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, New York]. In addition, the pigments of each mutant or wild-type were extracted and the UV absorbances of the extracts compared to the stress tolerance of those isolates; but no relationships were detected. Color mutants of ARSEF 23, in general, were less UV tolerant than their parent wild-type. With ARSEF 23 and its mutants, conidial pigmentation was important to conidial tolerance to UV-B and simulated-solar radiation; but color had less impact on ARSEF 2575 and its mutants. The ARSEF 2575 color mutants were less variable in UV tolerance than those of ARSEF 23, even though very similar colors occurred in the two groups of mutants. When color mutants of ARSEF 23 reverted to wild-type color they recovered wild-type levels of UV tolerance. Results of UV-B and UV-A exposures of wild-types ARSEF 23 and ARSEF 2575 conidia indicated that they are equally tolerant of UV-A, but differ in UV-B-response. For thermotolerance, several mutants were more heat tolerant than their wild-type parents. Accordingly, darker pigmentation of wild-type isolates was not important to protection against heat.
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Sõti C, Nagy E, Giricz Z, Vígh L, Csermely P, Ferdinandy P. Heat shock proteins as emerging therapeutic targets. Br J Pharmacol 2005; 146:769-80. [PMID: 16170327 PMCID: PMC1751210 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2005] [Revised: 08/03/2005] [Accepted: 08/15/2005] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chaperones (stress proteins) are essential proteins to help the formation and maintenance of the proper conformation of other proteins and to promote cell survival after a large variety of environmental stresses. Therefore, normal chaperone function is a key factor for endogenous stress adaptation of several tissues. However, altered chaperone function has been associated with the development of several diseases; therefore, modulators of chaperone activities became a new and emerging field of drug development. Inhibition of the 90 kDa heat shock protein (Hsp)90 recently emerged as a very promising tool to combat various forms of cancer. On the other hand, the induction of the 70 kDa Hsp70 has been proved to be an efficient help in the recovery from a large number of diseases, such as, for example, ischemic heart disease, diabetes and neurodegeneration. Development of membrane-interacting drugs to modify specific membrane domains, thereby modulating heat shock response, may be of considerable therapeutic benefit as well. In this review, we give an overview of the therapeutic approaches and list some of the key questions of drug development in this novel and promising therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Sõti
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Enikõ Nagy
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Giricz
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Dom ter 9, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - László Vígh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Csermely
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Dom ter 9, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
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Harashima S, Kaneko Y. Application of the PHO5-gene-fusion technology to molecular genetics and biotechnology in yeast. J Biosci Bioeng 2005; 91:325-38. [PMID: 16233000 DOI: 10.1263/jbb.91.325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2001] [Accepted: 02/02/2001] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Modern biological scientists employ numerous approaches for solving their problems. Among these approaches, the gene fusion is surely one of the well-established valuable tools in various fields of biological sciences. A wide range of applications have been developed to analyze a variety of biological phenomena such as transcriptional regulation, pre-mRNA processing, mRNA decay, translation, protein localization and even protein transport in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Gene fusions were also used for the study of protein purification, protein structure, protein folding, protein-protein interaction and protein-DNA interaction. Here, we describe applications of gene fusion technology using the Saccharomyces cerevisiae PHO5 gene encoding repressible acid phosphatase to molecular genetics and biotechnology in S. cerevisiae. Using the PHO5 gene fusion as a reporter, we have identified several cis- and trans-acting genes of S. cerevisiae which are involved in splicing of pre-mRNA, biosynthesis of amino acids, ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation, signal transduction of oxygen and unsaturated fatty acid, regulation of transcription by the nucleosome and chromatin. The PHO5 gene fusions exhibiting the mating-type specific expression were also generated to develop a breeding technique for industrial yeast. It is concluded that the PHO5 gene fusion is extremely useful and should be further exploited to investigate various cellular steps of the eukaryotic gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Harashima
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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Vigh L, Escribá PV, Sonnleitner A, Sonnleitner M, Piotto S, Maresca B, Horváth I, Harwood JL. The significance of lipid composition for membrane activity: New concepts and ways of assessing function. Prog Lipid Res 2005; 44:303-44. [PMID: 16214218 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2005.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade or so, it has been realised that membranes do not just have a lipid-bilayer structure in which proteins are embedded or with which they associate. Structures are dynamic and contain areas of heterogeneity which are vital for their formation. In this review, we discuss some of the ways in which these dynamic and heterogeneous structures have implications during stress and in relation to certain human diseases. A particular stress is that of temperature which may instigate adaptation in poikilotherms or appropriate defensive responses during fever in mammals. Recent data emphasise the role of membranes in sensing temperature changes and in controlling a regulatory loop with chaperone proteins. This loop seems to need the existence of specific membrane microdomains and also includes association of chaperone (heat stress) proteins with the membrane. The role of microdomains is then discussed further in relation to various human pathologies such as cardiovascular disease, cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. The concept of modifying membrane lipids (lipid therapy) as a means for treating such pathologies is then introduced. Examples are given when such methods have been shown to have benefit. In order to study membrane microheterogeneity in detail and to elucidate possible molecular mechanisms that account for alteration in membrane function, new methods are needed. In the second part of the review, we discuss ultra-sensitive and ultra-resolution imaging techniques. These include atomic force microscopy, single particle tracking, single particle tracing and various modern fluorescence methods. Finally, we deal with computing simulation of membrane systems. Such methods include coarse-grain techniques and Monte Carlo which offer further advances into molecular dynamics. As computational methods advance they will have more application by revealing the very subtle interactions that take place between the lipid and protein components of membranes - and which are so essential to their function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Làszló Vigh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
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