1
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Hs A. The Impact of Prevotella on Neurobiology in Aging: Deciphering Dendritic Cell Activity and Inflammatory Dynamics. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04156-x. [PMID: 38613648 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04156-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Prevotella species, notably Prevotella copri, significantly populate the human gut. In particular, P. copri is prevalent among non-Western populations with diets high in fiber. These species show complex relationships with diverse health aspects, associating with beneficial outcomes, including reduced visceral fat and improved glucose tolerance. Studies implicate various Prevotella species in specific diseases. Prevotella nigrescens and Porphyromonas gingivalis were linked to periodontal disease, promoting immune responses and influencing T helper type 17 (Th17) cells. Prevotella bivia was associated with bacterial vaginosis and a specific increase in activated cells in the vaginal mucosa. In contrast, they have shown substantial potential for inducing connective tissue degradation and alveolar bone resorption. Prevotella's role in neuroinflammatory disorders and autoinflammatory conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease has also been noted. The complex relationship between Prevotella and age-related conditions further extends to neurobiological changes in aging, with varying associations with Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and other inflammatory conditions. Studies have also identified Prevotella to be implicated in cognitive decline in middle aged and the elderly. Future directions in this research area are anticipated to explore Prevotella-associated inflammatory mechanisms and therapeutic interventions. Investigating specific drug targets and immunomodulatory measures could lead to novel therapeutic strategies. Understanding how Prevotella-induced inflammation interacts with aging diseases would offer promising insights for treatments and interventions. This review urges ongoing research to discover therapeutic targets and mechanisms for moderating Prevotella-associated inflammation to further enhance our understanding and improve health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Hs
- Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, K.R Road, Bangalore, 560002, Karnataka, India.
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2
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Liao Y, Wu YX, Tang M, Chen YW, Xie JR, Du Y, Wang TM, He YQ, Xue WQ, Zheng XH, Liu QY, Zheng MQ, Jia YJ, Tong XT, Zhou T, Li XZ, Yang DW, Diao H, Jia WH. Microbes translocation from oral cavity to nasopharyngeal carcinoma in patients. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1645. [PMID: 38388556 PMCID: PMC10883945 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45518-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The presence of oral microbes in extra-oral sites is linked to gastrointestinal cancers. However, their potential ectopically colonization in the nasopharynx and impact on local cancer development remains uncertain. Our study involving paired nasopharyngeal-oral microbial samples from nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients and controls unveils an aberrant oral-to-nasopharyngeal microbial translocation associated with increased NPC risk (OR = 4.51, P = 0.012). Thirteen species are classified as oral-translocated and enriched in NPC patients. Among these, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Prevotella intermedia are validated through culturomics and clonal strain identification. Nasopharyngeal biopsy meta-transcriptomes confirm these microbes within tumors, influencing local microenvironment and cytokine response. These microbes correlate significantly with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) loads in the nasopharynx, exhibiting an increased dose-response relationship. Collectively, our study identifies oral microbes migrating to the nasopharynx, infiltrating tumors, impacting microenvironments and linking with EBV infection. These results enhance our understanding of abnormal microbial communication and their roles in carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Xia Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minzhong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Molecular Epidemiology, Wuzhou Red Cross Hospital, Wuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Yi-Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Ru Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tong-Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Qiao He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Qiong Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiao-Yun Liu
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei-Qi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Jing Jia
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xia-Ting Tong
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi-Zhao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Da-Wei Yang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua Diao
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Hua Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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3
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Tett A, Pasolli E, Masetti G, Ercolini D, Segata N. Prevotella diversity, niches and interactions with the human host. Nat Rev Microbiol 2021; 19:585-599. [PMID: 34050328 PMCID: PMC11290707 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-021-00559-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The genus Prevotella includes more than 50 characterized species that occur in varied natural habitats, although most Prevotella spp. are associated with humans. In the human microbiome, Prevotella spp. are highly abundant in various body sites, where they are key players in the balance between health and disease. Host factors related to diet, lifestyle and geography are fundamental in affecting the diversity and prevalence of Prevotella species and strains in the human microbiome. These factors, along with the ecological relationship of Prevotella with other members of the microbiome, likely determine the extent of the contribution of Prevotella to human metabolism and health. Here we review the diversity, prevalence and potential connection of Prevotella spp. in the human host, highlighting how genomic methods and analysis have improved and should further help in framing their ecological role. We also provide suggestions for future research to improve understanding of the possible functions of Prevotella spp. and the effects of the Western lifestyle and diet on the host-Prevotella symbiotic relationship in the context of maintaining human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Tett
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Edoardo Pasolli
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Danilo Ercolini
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy.
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Nicola Segata
- Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy.
- European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
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4
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Manoil D, Bostanci N, Mumcu G, Inanc N, Can M, Direskeneli H, Belibasakis GN. Novel and known periodontal pathogens residing in gingival crevicular fluid are associated with rheumatoid arthritis. J Periodontol 2020; 92:359-370. [PMID: 32737880 PMCID: PMC8048861 DOI: 10.1002/jper.20-0295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Periodontitis is a suspected environmental risk factor for the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, correlation mechanisms between the two pathologies remain elusive. This study examined potential correlations between detached subgingival bacteria collected in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and RA parameters. Methods RA patients (n = 52, F:M = 40:12), patients with Behcet's disease (BD, n = 40, F:M = 29:11) as another systemic inflammatory disease were studied along with a systemically healthy control group (HC, n = 57, F:M = 40:17). All participants were non‐smokers. Full mouth periodontal parameters were recorded. RA activity was assessed using the 28‐joint Disease Activity Score (DAS‐28). Rheumatoid factors (RFs)‐IgM and ‐IgA were measured by ELISA. GCF samples were investigated by means of fluorescent in situ hybridization for 10 different bacterial taxa. Results The taxa TM7, Synergistetes cluster B, Leptotrichia, Megasphaera, Anaeroglobus geminatus, and Tannerella forsythia displayed significantly differential abundances between the groups. Whereas abundances of Megasphaera and A. geminatus were significantly increased in the RA group, only Porphyromonas gingivalis displayed significant correlations with plaque scores, bleeding on probing, and RF‐IgA. RA patients displaying RF‐IgA levels >75 IU/mL exhibited five‐fold more abundant P. gingivalis levels than patients below the threshold. This association with RF‐IgA levels appeared even more pronounced, by six‐fold more P. gingivalis (P = 0.025), in patients with a DAS‐28 score >3.2, indicative of moderate/very active RA. Conclusions Unattached GCF bacteria may mediate the association between periodontitis and RA, and monitoring the bacterial composition of GCF might inform on RA activity. The role of newly identified bacterial taxa in RA warrants further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Manoil
- Department of Dental Medicine, Division of Oral Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nagihan Bostanci
- Department of Dental Medicine, Division of Oral Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gonca Mumcu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nevsun Inanc
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Meryem Can
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Haner Direskeneli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Georgios N Belibasakis
- Department of Dental Medicine, Division of Oral Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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5
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Lemos SS, Cesar DE, ProcÓpio SW, Machado FC, Ribeiro LC, Ribeiro RA. Qualitative and quantitative molecular analysis of bacteria in root canals of primary teeth with pulp necrosis. Braz Oral Res 2020; 34:e093. [PMID: 32785473 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2020.vol34.0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Information about bacterial diversity, such as the number of each species in the root canals of primary teeth, contributes to improving our effective management of infections of endodontic origin in primary teeth. This study made a qualitative and quantitative assessment of the bacteria in the root canals of primary teeth with necrotic pulp, using the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique. Thirty-one primary teeth with pulp necrosis from 31 children were evaluated using the FISH technique, to detect the presence and density of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Campylobacter rectus, Enterococcus faecalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens, Streptococcus, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, Tannerella forsythia and Treponema denticola. Descriptive measures explained the data related to density, and Student's t-test assessed the differences among the densities of each bacterium, according to signs and symptoms. The bacterial density was paired and correlated. All bacteria tested were detected and identified in all the samples. The average number of bacterial individuals from each species ranged from 1.9 x 108 cells/mL (S. mutans) to 3.1 x 108 cells/mL (F. nucleatum) (p > 0.05). The sum of the mean counts of each bacterium represented almost 80% of the entire microbial community. Patients with pain had significantly more T. denticola, and those with edema showed a greater density of Streptococcus and P. nigrescens (p < 0.05). This study revealed that all 12 bacteria evaluated were found in all primary teeth with pulp necrosis. There was no predominance among the species studied; all species had a similar number of individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Salomão Lemos
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Dionéia Evangelista Cesar
- Department of Ecology and Molecular Biology of Microorganisms, Biological Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Stefânia Werneck ProcÓpio
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Campos Machado
- Department of Social and Child Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Luiz Claudio Ribeiro
- Department of Statistics, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Rosangela Almeida Ribeiro
- Department of Social and Child Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
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6
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Lukic D, Karygianni L, Flury M, Attin T, Thurnheer T. Endodontic-Like Oral Biofilms as Models for Multispecies Interactions in Endodontic Diseases. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E674. [PMID: 32384777 PMCID: PMC7285038 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8050674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral bacteria possess the ability to form biofilms on solid surfaces. After the penetration of oral bacteria into the pulp, the contact between biofilms and pulp tissue may result in pulpitis, pulp necrosis and/or periapical lesion. Depending on the environmental conditions and the availability of nutrients in the pulp chamber and root canals, mainly Gram-negative anaerobic microorganisms predominate and form the intracanal endodontic biofilm. The objective of the present study was to investigate the role of different substrates on biofilm formation as well as the separate and collective incorporation of six endodontic pathogens, namely Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Prevotella nigrescens, Selenomonas sputigena, Parvimonas micra and Treponema denticola into a nine-species "basic biofilm". This biofilm was formed in vitro as a standard subgingival biofilm, comprising Actinomyces oris, Veillonella dispar, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Streptococcus anginosus, Streptococcus oralis, Prevotella intermedia, Campylobacter rectus, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Tannerella forsythia. The resulting endodontic-like biofilms were grown 64 h under the same conditions on hydroxyapatite and dentin discs. After harvesting the endodontic-like biofilms, the bacterial growth was determined using quantitative real-time PCR, were labeled using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The addition of six endodontic pathogens to the "basic biofilm" induced a decrease in the cell number of the "basic" species. Interestingly, C. rectus counts increased in biofilms containing E. faecalis, S. aureus, P. nigrescens and S. sputigena, respectively, both on hydroxyapatite and on dentin discs, whereas P. intermedia counts increased only on dentin discs by addition of E. faecalis. The growth of E. faecalis on hydroxyapatite discs and of E. faecalis and S. aureus on dentin discs were significantly higher in the biofilm containing all species than in the "basic biofilm". Contrarily, the counts of P. nigrescens, S. sputigena and P. micra on hydroxyapatite discs as well as counts of P. micra and T. denticola on dentin discs decreased in the all-species biofilm. Overall, all bacterial species associated with endodontic infections were successfully incorporated into the standard multispecies biofilm model both on hydroxyapatite and dentin discs. Thus, future investigations on endodontic infections can rely on this newly established endodontic-like multispecies biofilm model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Thomas Thurnheer
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (D.L.); (L.K.); (M.F.); (T.A.)
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7
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Müller VJ, Belibasakis GN, Bosshard PP, Wiedemeier DB, Bichsel D, Rücker M, Stadlinger B. Change of saliva composition with radiotherapy. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 106:104480. [PMID: 31325717 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.104480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to analyze the physiological and microbiological changes of saliva from patients with head and neck cancer during and after intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). DESIGN In this prospective clinical trial saliva samples and oral candida swabs were collected from patients receiving IMRT due to head and neck cancer (examination group). The first measurement was scheduled before radiotherapy, the other measurements during and after radiotherapy up to a one year follow-up. Additionally samples from healthy controls were collected over six weeks. Salivary flow rate and pH were measured. Microbiological analysis of cariogenic and periodontopathogenic taxa was performed by fluorescence in situ hybridization and oral Candida spp occurrence was evaluated by swab tests. RESULTS 11 patients and 19 controls were included. The salivary flow rate and the unstimulated pH of the examination group were significantly reduced during radiotherapy compared with the measurement before radiotherapy and to the control group. Total bacteria, streptococci and lactobacilli numbers slightly increased after radiotherapy, resuming baseline levels after one year. Mutans streptococci, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola were barely detectable, whereas Tannerella forsythia slightly increased following radiotherapy. No differences in Candida levels were observed in the study. CONCLUSIONS Salivary changes in quantitative, qualitative and microbial composition occur during and after radiotherapy, with resumption of the measurements towards baseline levels after one year. While low levels of cariogenic and periodontopathogenic species were detected, the lower pH and salivary flow combined with increased numbers of aciduric and acidogenic lactobacilli corroborates a higher risk for caries, necessitating prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera J Müller
- Clinic of Cranio- Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Georgios N Belibasakis
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Philipp P Bosshard
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich and Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel B Wiedemeier
- Statistical Services, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dominique Bichsel
- Clinic of Cranio- Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Rücker
- Clinic of Cranio- Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Stadlinger
- Clinic of Cranio- Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland.
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Luan S, Zhang S, Zhong H, Zhang Y, Wei X, Lin R, Li C, Zeng P, Wang X, Li W, Gao H. Salivary microbial analysis of Chinese patients with immunoglobulin A nephropathy. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:2219-2226. [PMID: 31322219 PMCID: PMC6691196 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbiota plays an important role in immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy (IgAN); however, the pathogenesis, early diagnosis, and treatment of IgAN remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to develop a preliminary model based on saliva‑specific microbes and clinical indicators to facilitate the early diagnosis of IgAN and obtain insights into its treatment. The microbial profile of the saliva of 28 IgAN patients and 25 healthy control subjects was investigated using high‑throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analyses of the V4 region in microbial 16S rRNA genes. IgAN patients and healthy subjects did not differ significantly in α‑diversity indices (Chao1 and Shannon index) or phylum composition. At the genus level, however, Granulicatella was significantly less abundant in healthy individuals than in IgAN patients, while Prevotella and Veillonella were significantly more abundant in the healthy subjects than in IgAN patients (P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively). Correlation analysis between biochemical indicators and operational taxonomic units (OTUs) revealed that the glomerular filtration rate was positively correlated with OTU86 and OTU287 at P<0.05, positively correlated with OTU165 at P<0.001, and negatively correlated with OTU455 at P<0.05. The serum creatinine index was negatively correlated with OTU287 at P<0.05 and negatively correlated with OTU165 at P<0.001. The pathological changes were positively correlated with OTU255 at P<0.05, OTU200 at P<0.01, and OTU455 and OTU75 at P<0.001, and negatively correlated with OTU86, OTU287, and OTU788 at P<0.05 and with OTU165 at P<0.01. The differences between Chinese IgAN patients and healthy subjects in terms of OTUs and biochemical indicators were analyzed and a mathematical model to facilitate the clinical diagnosis of IgAN was established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaodong Luan
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518110, P.R. China
| | - Shuyuan Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518110, P.R. China
| | - Huanli Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518110, P.R. China
| | - Yingwei Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518110, P.R. China
| | - Xing Wei
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518110, P.R. China
| | - Renyong Lin
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518110, P.R. China
| | - Chundi Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518110, P.R. China
| | - Ping Zeng
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518110, P.R. China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518110, P.R. China
| | - Weilong Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518110, P.R. China
| | - Hanchao Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518110, P.R. China
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9
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Keller N, Andreoni F, Reiber C, Luethi-Schaller H, Schuepbach RA, Moch H, Marques Maggio E, Zinkernagel AS. Human Streptococcal Necrotizing Fasciitis Histopathology Mirrored in a Murine Model. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 188:1517-1523. [PMID: 29684366 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcal necrotizing fasciitis (NF) causes high morbidity and mortality despite state-of-the-art therapy. Low incidence and rapid disease progression, necessitating immediate initiation of therapy, have proven challenging aspects for setting up prospective randomized trials. This has resulted in little therapeutic progress over the past decade. The validation of reliable murine NF models to study both pathogenesis and optimized therapeutic regimens of streptococcal NF are thus essential. In this study, we characterized a murine NF model and compared the pathology with an in-depth tissue analysis of streptococcal NF in patients. We found that the streptococcal murine NF model closely reflected all histologic characteristics encountered in human streptococcal NF. This murine NF model helps understanding of human NF pathology better in a time-dependent manner and will allow studying novel therapeutic options in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Keller
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Federica Andreoni
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudine Reiber
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Helga Luethi-Schaller
- Clinic of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Center of Dental Medicine; University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Holger Moch
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ewerton Marques Maggio
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annelies S Zinkernagel
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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10
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Scalioni F, Carrada C, Machado F, Devito K, Ribeiro LC, Cesar D, Ribeiro R. Salivary density of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus and dental caries in children and adolescents with Down syndrome. J Appl Oral Sci 2017; 25:250-257. [PMID: 28678943 PMCID: PMC5482247 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2016-0241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus are strongly associated with dental caries. However, the relationship between oral streptococci and dental caries in children with Down syndrome is not well characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Scalioni
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Odontopediatria, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil
| | - Camila Carrada
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Faculdade de Odontologia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Fernanda Machado
- Faculdade Estácio de Sá, Faculdade de Odontologia, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil
| | - Karina Devito
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Clínica Odontológica, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil
| | - Luiz Cláudio Ribeiro
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Departamento de Estatística, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil
| | - Dionéia Cesar
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil
| | - Rosangela Ribeiro
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Odontopediatria, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil
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11
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Barczynska R, Jurgoński A, Slizewska K, Juśkiewicz J, Kapusniak J. Effects of potato dextrin on the composition and metabolism of the gut microbiota in rats fed standard and high-fat diets. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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12
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Faria Carrada C, Almeida Ribeiro Scalioni F, Evangelista Cesar D, Lopes Devito K, Ribeiro LC, Almeida Ribeiro R. Salivary Periodontopathic Bacteria in Children and Adolescents with Down Syndrome. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162988. [PMID: 27727287 PMCID: PMC5058504 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess and compare salivary periodontopathic bacteria between groups of Down syndrome and non-Down syndrome children and adolescents. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study included a sample of 30 Down syndrome children and adolescents (G-DS) and 30 age- and sex-matched non-Down syndrome subjects (G-ND). Clinical examination determined the gingival bleeding index (GBI) and plaque index. Unstimulated whole saliva samples were collected from all participants. The fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique identified the presence and density of eight periodontopathic bacteria in saliva. The statistical analysis included chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests. RESULTS In the G-DS group, bleeding on probing was more frequent (p = 0.037) and higher densities of Campylobacter rectus (p = 0.013), Porphyromonas gingivalis (p = 0.025), Treponema denticola (p = 0.026), Fusobacterium nucleatum (p = 0.013), Prevotella intermedia (p = 0.001) and Prevotella nigrescens (p = 0.008) were observed. Besides, in the G-DS, the densities of bacteria from the orange complex were significantly higher in the age group 3-7 years for F. nucleatum (p = 0.029), P. intermedia (p = 0.001) and P. nigrescens (p = 0.006). C. rectus was higher in the age group 8-12 years (p = 0.045). CONCLUSION The results showed that children and adolescents with Down syndrome have higher susceptibility to periodontal disease and number of periodontopathic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Faria Carrada
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Flávia Almeida Ribeiro Scalioni
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Dionéia Evangelista Cesar
- Department of Ecology and Molecular Biology of Microorganisms, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Karina Lopes Devito
- Department of Dental Clinic, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luiz Cláudio Ribeiro
- Department of Statistics, Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rosangela Almeida Ribeiro
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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13
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FISHing for gutta-percha-adhered biofilms in purulent post-treatment apical periodontitis. Mol Oral Microbiol 2016; 32:226-235. [DOI: 10.1111/omi.12166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Belibasakis GN, Mir-Mari J, Sahrmann P, Sanz-Martin I, Schmidlin PR, Jung RE. Clinical association ofSpirochaetesandSynergisteteswith peri-implantitis. Clin Oral Implants Res 2015; 27:656-61. [DOI: 10.1111/clr.12690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios N. Belibasakis
- Section of Oral Microbiology and Immunology; Institute of Oral Biology; Center of Dental Medicine; University of Zürich; Zürich Switzerland
| | - Javier Mir-Mari
- Department of Oral Surgery and Implantology; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Philipp Sahrmann
- Clinic of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology; Center of Dental Medicine; University of Zürich; Zürich Switzerland
| | - Ignacio Sanz-Martin
- Section of Periodontology; Faculty of Odontology; University Complutense; Madrid Spain
| | - Patrick R. Schmidlin
- Clinic of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology; Center of Dental Medicine; University of Zürich; Zürich Switzerland
| | - Ronald E. Jung
- Clinic of Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics and Dental Material Science; Center of Dental Medicine; University of Zürich; Zürich Switzerland
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15
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André CB, Gomes BPFA, Duque TM, Stipp RN, Chan DCN, Ambrosano GMB, Giannini M. Dentine bond strength and antimicrobial activity evaluation of adhesive systems. J Dent 2015; 43:466-75. [PMID: 25624119 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 01/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the dentine bond strength (BS) and the antibacterial activity (AA) of six adhesives against strict anaerobic and facultative bacteria. METHODS Three adhesives containing antibacterial components (Gluma 2Bond (glutaraldehyde)/G2B, Clearfil SE Protect (MDPB)/CSP and Peak Universal Bond (PUB)/chlorhexidine) and the same adhesive versions without antibacterial agents (Gluma Comfort Bond/GCB, Clearfil SE Bond/CSB and Peak LC Bond/PLB) were tested. The AA of adhesives and control groups was evaluated by direct contact method against four strict anaerobic and four facultative bacteria. After incubation, according to the appropriate periods of time for each microorganism, the time to kill microorganisms was measured. For BS, the adhesives were applied according to manufacturers' recommendations and teeth restored with composite. Teeth (n=10) were sectioned to obtain bonded beams specimens, which were tested after artificial saliva storage for one week and one year. BS data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey test. RESULTS Saliva storage for one year reduces the BS only for GCB. In general G2B and GCB required at least 24h for killing microorganisms. PUB and PLB killed only strict anaerobic microorganisms after 24h. For CSP the average time to eliminate the Streptococcus mutans and strict anaerobic oral pathogens was 30 min. CSB showed no AA against facultative bacteria, but had AA against some strict anaerobic microorganisms. CONCLUSIONS Storage time had no effect on the BS for most of the adhesives. The time required to kill bacteria depended on the type of adhesive and never was less than 10 min. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Most of the adhesives showed stable bond strength after one year and the Clearfil SE Protect may be a good alternative in restorative procedures performed on dentine, considering its adequate bond strength and better antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Bosso André
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, SP 13414-903, Brazil
| | | | - Thais Mageste Duque
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, SP 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Rafael Nobrega Stipp
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, SP 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Daniel Chi Ngai Chan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195-7456, USA
| | - Glaucia Maria Bovi Ambrosano
- Department of Social Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, SP 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Giannini
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, SP 13414-903, Brazil.
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16
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Contreras A, Moreno SM, Jaramillo A, Pelaez M, Duque A, Botero JE, Slots J. Periodontal microbiology in Latin America. Periodontol 2000 2014; 67:58-86. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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17
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Identification of Synergistetes in endodontic infections. Microb Pathog 2014; 73:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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18
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Belibasakis GN, Öztürk VÖ, Emingil G, Bostanci N. Synergistetes
cluster A in saliva is associated with periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2013; 48:727-32. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. N. Belibasakis
- Oral Microbiology and Immunology; Institute of Oral Biology; Center of Dental Medicine; University of Zürich; Zürich Switzerland
| | - V.-Ö. Öztürk
- Oral Translational Research; Institute of Oral Biology; Center of Dental Medicine; University of Zürich; Zürich Switzerland
- Department of Periodontology; School of Dentistry; Ege University; İzmir Turkey
| | - G. Emingil
- Department of Periodontology; School of Dentistry; Ege University; İzmir Turkey
| | - N. Bostanci
- Oral Translational Research; Institute of Oral Biology; Center of Dental Medicine; University of Zürich; Zürich Switzerland
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19
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Ammann TW, Bostanci N, Belibasakis GN, Thurnheer T. Validation of a quantitative real-time PCR assay and comparison with fluorescence microscopy and selective agar plate counting for species-specific quantification of an in vitro subgingival biofilm model. J Periodontal Res 2012; 48:517-26. [PMID: 23278531 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Subgingival biofilms are the prime etiological factor of periodontal disease. Owing to their complex polymicrobial nature, quantification of individual bacterial species within the biofilm for research and diagnostic purposes can be methodologically challenging. The aims of this study were to establish a quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assay to quantify the bacteria used in our 10-species in vitro 'subgingival' biofilm model and to compare the quantitative outcome with fluorescence microscopy and colony-forming unit (CFU) counts on selective agar plates. MATERIAL AND METHODS The 10 species included in the in vitro biofilm were Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus anginosus, Veillonella dispar, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia, Actinomyces oris, Campylobacter rectus, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia. The numbers of each species were quantified at two time points using qPCR, microscopy counting following fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) or immunofluorescence staining, and counting of CFUs after growth on selective agar plates. RESULTS All 10 species were successfully quantified using qPCR and FISH or immunofluorescence, and the eight species culturable on selective agar plates were also quantified by counting the numbers of CFUs after growth on selective agar. In early biofilm cultures, all methods showed a significant correlation, although the absolute numbers differed between methods. In late biofilm cultures, measurements obtained using qPCR and FISH or immunofluorescence, but not by CFU counts, maintained significant correlation. CFU counts yielded lower values than did measurements made using the other two methods. CONCLUSION Quantitative PCR and epifluorescence microscopy can be easily combined with each other to determine species-specific bacterial numbers within biofilms. However, conventional bacterial cultures cannot be as efficiently combined using these molecular detection methods. This may be crucial in designing and selecting appropriate clinical diagnostic methods for subgingival biofilm samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- T W Ammann
- Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Oral Biology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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20
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Machado FC, Cesar DE, Assis AVDA, Diniz CG, Ribeiro RA. Detection and enumeration of periodontopathogenic bacteria in subgingival biofilm of pregnant women. Braz Oral Res 2012; 26:443-9. [DOI: 10.1590/s1806-83242012000500011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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21
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Baumgartner A, Thurnheer T, Lüthi-Schaller H, Gmür R, Belibasakis GN. The phylum Synergistetes in gingivitis and necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis. J Med Microbiol 2012; 61:1600-1609. [PMID: 22878253 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.047456-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical manifestation of necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG) is distinct from that of common gingivitis in that it is characterized by local necrosis of the gingival tissues, rapid onset, pain and extensive bleeding. The phylum Synergistetes is a novel bacterial phylum consisting of Gram-negative anaerobes, with evidence of presence in biofilms associated with periodontal and endodontic infections. To date, the involvement of members of this phylum in NUG has not been investigated. This study aimed to evaluate the presence and levels of known human oral Synergistetes bacterial clusters in dental plaque from patients with NUG and compare them with those found in gingivitis. Marginal dental plaque samples from 21 NUG and 21 gingivitis patients were analysed quantitatively by fluorescent in situ hybridization and microscopy for members of two oral Synergistetes clusters (A and B) and for Jonquetella anthropi. Synergistetes cluster A bacteria were detected in all samples but at higher levels (9.4-fold) and proportions (2.5-fold) in NUG patients than in gingivitis patients. However, with regard to Synergistetes cluster B bacteria, there were no differences between NUG and gingivitis patients. J. anthropi was detected in only half of the samples and at lower levels than the other taxa. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that Synergistetes cluster A bacteria, but not cluster B bacteria or J. anthropi, are more strongly associated with NUG than with gingivitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Baumgartner
- Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Oral Biology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Thurnheer
- Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Oral Biology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Helga Lüthi-Schaller
- Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Oral Biology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rudolf Gmür
- Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Oral Biology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Georgios N Belibasakis
- Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Oral Biology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
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22
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Horizontal distribution of the fecal microbiota in adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2012; 54:20-7. [PMID: 21788912 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0b013e31822d53e5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The commensal microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract plays an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. We examined the horizontal structure of the fecal microbiota in the colon in adolescents with Crohn disease or ulcerative colitis and a control group. PATIENTS AND METHODS Fecal samples were collected in 3 fractions from patients with Crohn disease (n = 22), ulcerative colitis (n = 12), and controls (n = 24) during preparation for colonoscopy. Additionally, biopsies from colon tissue were taken. Samples were examined using a culture technique and a fluorescent in situ hybridization method. The mucin degradation assay was carried out. RESULTS Quantitative composition of the microbiota was different in the consecutive 3 fecal fractions and in the colon tissue of the study groups, but in patients from the control group, the composition of microbiota in the consecutive fractions was similar. Statistical analyses showed that the total distribution of the studied bacterial taxons in the contents in all 3 fecal fractions and in the colon tissue in the given disease group, and in the control group was characteristic for the studied patient group. Differences in species distribution among the cohorts studied were highly significant (P < 0.0001). Moreover, it was shown that in the fecal fraction I and in the colon tissue samples, there is no significant difference for any of the analyzed bacterial groups, using the culture methods or fluorescent in situ hybridization, but significant results were demonstrated in the II and III fractions for specific bacterial groups. The bacterial flora attached to the mucus layer in the UC group had significantly more degraded mucus in comparison with the control group (P = 0.045). CONCLUSIONS Distribution of the microbiota in the colon is layered, which can be called horizontal distribution of the fecal flora. Only in the ulcerative colitis group, the bacterial flora attached to the mucous layer exerts action on the mucin.
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Teles FR, Teles RP, Uzel NG, Song XQ, Torresyap G, Socransky SS, Haffajee AD. Early microbial succession in redeveloping dental biofilms in periodontal health and disease. J Periodontal Res 2011; 47:95-104. [PMID: 21895662 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2011.01409.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The development of dental biofilms after professional plaque removal is very rapid. However, it is not clear whether most bacterial species return at similar rates in periodontally healthy and periodontitis subjects or if there are differences in bacterial recolonization between supragingival and subgingival biofilms in periodontal health and disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS Supragingival and subgingival plaque samples were taken separately from 28 teeth in 38 healthy and 17 periodontitis subjects immediately after professional cleaning. Samples were taken again from seven teeth in randomly selected quadrants after 1, 2, 4 and 7 d of no oral hygiene and analyzed using checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. The percentage of DNA probe counts were averaged within subjects at each time-point. Ecological succession was determined using a modified moving-window analysis. RESULTS Succession in supragingival biofilms from subjects with periodontitis and from healthy individuals was similar. At 1 d, Streptococcus mitis and Neisseria mucosa showed increased proportions, followed by Capnocytophaga gingivalis, Eikenella corrodens, Veillonella parvula and Streptococcus oralis at 1-4 d. At 4-7 d, Campylobacter rectus, Campylobacter showae, Prevotella melaninogenica and Prevotella nigrescens became elevated. Subgingival plaque redevelopment was slower and very different from supragingival plaque redevelopment. Increased proportions were first observed for S. mitis, followed by V. parvula and C. gingivalis and, at 7 d, by Capnocytophaga sputigena and P. nigrescens. No significant increase in the proportions of periodontal pathogens was observed in any of the clinical groups or locations. CONCLUSION There is a defined order in bacterial species succession in early supragingival and subgingival biofilm redevelopment after professional cleaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- F R Teles
- Department of Periodontology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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24
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Abstract
Periodontitis and caries are infectious diseases of the oral cavity in which oral biofilms play a causative role. Moreover, oral biofilms are widely studied as model systems for bacterial adhesion, biofilm development, and biofilm resistance to antibiotics, due to their widespread presence and accessibility. Despite descriptions of initial plaque formation on the tooth surface, studies on mature plaque and plaque structure below the gum are limited to landmark studies from the 1970s, without appreciating the breadth of microbial diversity in the plaque. We used fluorescent in situ hybridization to localize in vivo the most abundant species from different phyla and species associated with periodontitis on seven embedded teeth obtained from four different subjects. The data showed convincingly the dominance of Actinomyces sp., Tannerella forsythia, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Spirochaetes, and Synergistetes in subgingival plaque. The latter proved to be new with a possibly important role in host-pathogen interaction due to its localization in close proximity to immune cells. The present study identified for the first time in vivo that Lactobacillus sp. are the central cells of bacterial aggregates in subgingival plaque, and that Streptococcus sp. and the yeast Candida albicans form corncob structures in supragingival plaque. Finally, periodontal pathogens colonize already formed biofilms and form microcolonies therein. These in vivo observations on oral biofilms provide a clear vision on biofilm architecture and the spatial distribution of predominant species.
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25
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Potempa M, Potempa J, Kantyka T, Nguyen KA, Wawrzonek K, Manandhar SP, Popadiak K, Riesbeck K, Eick S, Blom AM. Interpain A, a cysteine proteinase from Prevotella intermedia, inhibits complement by degrading complement factor C3. PLoS Pathog 2009; 5:e1000316. [PMID: 19247445 PMCID: PMC2642729 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2008] [Accepted: 01/28/2009] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the supporting structures of the teeth caused by, among other pathogens, Prevotella intermedia. Many strains of P. intermedia are resistant to killing by the human complement system, which is present at up to 70% of serum concentration in gingival crevicular fluid. Incubation of human serum with recombinant cysteine protease of P. intermedia (interpain A) resulted in a drastic decrease in bactericidal activity of the serum. Furthermore, a clinical strain 59 expressing interpain A was more serum-resistant than another clinical strain 57, which did not express interpain A, as determined by Western blotting. Moreover, in the presence of the cysteine protease inhibitor E64, the killing of strain 59 by human serum was enhanced. Importantly, we found that the majority of P. intermedia strains isolated from chronic and aggressive periodontitis carry and express the interpain A gene. The protective effect of interpain A against serum bactericidal activity was found to be attributable to its ability to inhibit all three complement pathways through the efficient degradation of the alpha-chain of C3 -- the major complement factor common to all three pathways. P. intermedia has been known to co-aggregate with P. gingivalis, which produce gingipains to efficiently degrade complement factors. Here, interpain A was found to have a synergistic effect with gingipains on complement degradation. In addition, interpain A was able to activate the C1 complex in serum, causing deposition of C1q on inert and bacterial surfaces, which may be important at initial stages of infection when local inflammatory reaction may be beneficial for a pathogen. Taken together, the newly characterized interpain A proteinase appears to be an important virulence factor of P. intermedia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Potempa
- Lund University, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Section of Medical Protein Chemistry, University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden
- Jagiellonian University, Department of Microbiology, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jan Potempa
- Jagiellonian University, Department of Microbiology, Krakow, Poland
- University of Georgia, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Tomasz Kantyka
- Jagiellonian University, Department of Microbiology, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ky-Anh Nguyen
- Westmead Millennium Institute, Institute of Dental Research, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Surya P. Manandhar
- Westmead Millennium Institute, Institute of Dental Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Katarzyna Popadiak
- Lund University, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Section of Medical Protein Chemistry, University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden
- Jagiellonian University, Department of Microbiology, Krakow, Poland
| | - Kristian Riesbeck
- Lund University, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Section of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Sigrun Eick
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Anna M. Blom
- Lund University, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Section of Medical Protein Chemistry, University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Rylev M, Kilian M. Prevalence and distribution of principal periodontal pathogens worldwide. J Clin Periodontol 2009; 35:346-61. [PMID: 18724862 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2008.01280.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Detailed genetic analysis of bacteria has demonstrated an unanticipated genetic diversity within species, which often reveals evolutionary lineages that are disproportionately associated with infection. There is evidence that some evolutionary lineages of bacteria have adapted to particular ethnic groups. AIM This review analyzes to what extent observed differences in periodontal disease prevalence among ethnically or geographically distinct populations may be explained by restricted host adaptation of clones of principal periodontal pathogens. RESULTS Carriage rates of several putative periodontal pathogens and particular subsets of these species vary between ethnic groups. Few of these differences can, with the limited information available, be directly related to differences in periodontal disease prevalence. Asian populations are regularly colonized with Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans serotype c with questionable pathogenic potential. Conversely, the JP2 clone of A. actinomycetemcomitans has enhanced virulence and causes significantly higher prevalence of aggressive periodontitis in adolescents whose descent can be traced back to the Mediterranean and Western parts of Africa. Some genetically distinct types of Porphyromonas gingivalis are more associated with disease than others, but additional work is required to relate this to clinical differences. CONCLUSIONS Studies that take into account differences linked to the genetics of both patients and potential pathogens are likely to give better insight into the aetiology of periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Rylev
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Vettore MV, Leão AT, Leal MDC, Feres M, Sheiham A. The relationship between periodontal disease and preterm low birthweight: clinical and microbiological results. J Periodontal Res 2008; 43:615-26. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2007.01027.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Züger J, Lüthi-Schaller H, Gmür R. Uncultivated Tannerella BU045 and BU063 are slim segmented filamentous rods of high prevalence but low abundance in inflammatory disease-associated dental plaques. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2008; 153:3809-3816. [PMID: 17975090 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.2007/010926-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Uncultivated clones BU045 and BU063 and Tannerella forsythia, a 'consensus periodontal pathogen', are the closest known relatives within the genus Tannerella. They have been described to inhabit different ecological niches of the human oral cavity. In this study, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunofluorescence were combined to investigate the prevalence and abundance of BU045 and BU063 in comparison to T. forsythia in plaques from gingivitis, necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG) and chronic periodontitis. Phylotype-specific FISH probes identified BU045 and BU063 as elongated thin rods with a segmented structure. Two structurally similar and previously unknown, rare phylotypes (127+ and 997+) were also identified due to partial 16S rRNA sequence identity with T. forsythia. In gingivitis, NUG and periodontitis patients, BU045, BU063, 127+, 997+ and T. forsythia were detected with prevalences of 50/83/71/14 and 81%, 100/100/86/17 and 53%, and 100/100/12/0 and 100%, respectively. Supragingivally, colonization density of all five organisms was generally low, rarely exceeding 0.1% of the total biota. In periodontal pocket samples, however, cell numbers of T. forsythia, but not of the uncultivable phylotypes, were greatly elevated. Our data demonstrate that Tannerella phylotypes BU045, BU063, 127+ and 997+ consist of long slim rods with segments, which, with respect to FISH stainability, often behaved as independent units. The phylotypes are frequent but low-level colonizers of various periodontal disease-associated plaques. Their apparent inability to proliferate to high density seems to exclude any relevance for the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Züger
- Institute of Oral Biology, Section of Oral Microbiology and General Immunology, University of Zürich, Plattenstrasse 11, CH-8032 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Helga Lüthi-Schaller
- Institute of Oral Biology, Section of Oral Microbiology and General Immunology, University of Zürich, Plattenstrasse 11, CH-8032 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Rudolf Gmür
- Institute of Oral Biology, Section of Oral Microbiology and General Immunology, University of Zürich, Plattenstrasse 11, CH-8032 Zürich, Switzerland
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Gmür R, Lüthi-Schaller H. A combined immunofluorescence and fluorescent in situ hybridization assay for single cell analyses of dental plaque microorganisms. J Microbiol Methods 2006; 69:402-5. [PMID: 17258338 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2006.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2006] [Revised: 12/04/2006] [Accepted: 12/08/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A IF-FISH protocol was developed to characterize discrete cell populations within complex dental plaque samples. Optimizing and shortening the 3-step IF procedure and including RNase inhibitor in all IF reagents enabled the combination of both techniques and thus the simultaneous detection and enumeration of bacterial populations with distinct 16S rRNA sequences and/or surface markers of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf Gmür
- Institute of Oral Biology, Section of Oral Microbiology and General Immunology, University of Zürich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland.
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Zijnge V, Welling GW, Degener JE, van Winkelhoff AJ, Abbas F, Harmsen HJM. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis as a diagnostic tool in periodontal microbiology. J Clin Microbiol 2006; 44:3628-33. [PMID: 17021091 PMCID: PMC1594801 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00122-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria play an important role in the initiation and progression of periodontal diseases and are part of a biofilm, which can contain over 100 different species. The aim of the present study was to show the potential of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) as a tool for the detection of clinically relevant species and to compare the results of detection by DGGE with those by PCR and culturing. Hybridization of the bands from the DGGE profiles with species-specific probes was developed to confirm the band positions in the marker obtained with reference strains. The sensitivities of DGGE compared to those of cultivation for the detection of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, and Tannerella forsythensis were 100, 100, 88, and 100%, respectively; and the sensitivities of DGGE compared to those of PCR were 100, 90, 88, and 96%, respectively. DGGE as a diagnostic tool could easily be extended to other species, as shown for Treponema denticola, which could be detected in 48% of the samples. Three different groups of A. actinomycetemcomitans serotypes could be distinguished by DGGE (i.e., a group comprising serotypes a, d, e, and f; a group comprising serotype b; and a group comprising serotype c). Amplicons from P. gingivalis and T. denticola migrated to the same position in the gel, and P. intermedia produced multiple bands. In the present study we show that the DGGE profiles represent clinically relevant species which can be detected by hybridization with species-specific probes. With DGGE, large numbers of samples can be analyzed for different species simultaneously, and DGGE may be a good alternative in periodontal microbial diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Zijnge
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Skaleric U, Gaspirc B, McCartney-Francis N, Masera A, Wahl SM. Proinflammatory and antimicrobial nitric oxide in gingival fluid of diabetic patients with periodontal disease. Infect Immun 2006; 74:7010-3. [PMID: 17015454 PMCID: PMC1698046 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00071-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal nitric oxide (NO) synthesis has been implicated in the pathogenesis of both periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus. In diabetic patients, increased inducible NO synthase in inflamed gingiva correlated with NO in gingival crevicular fluid. Although increased NO reflected more-severe inflammation, it was associated with reductions in CFU of Prevotella intermedia, a major periodontopathogen, highlighting dual roles for NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uros Skaleric
- Department of Oral Medicine & Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, Hrvatski trg 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Gmür R, Munson MA, Wade WG. Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of fusobacteria from Chinese and European patients with inflammatory periodontal diseases. Syst Appl Microbiol 2006; 29:120-30. [PMID: 16464693 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2005.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Phylogenetic and antigenic studies were performed on 48 human oral Fusobacterium strains from Chinese patients with either necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG) or gingivitis and on 23 Fusobacterium nucleatum or Fusobacterium periodonticum strains from European periodontitis patients. Alignment of partial 16S rRNA gene sequences resulted in a phylogenetic tree that corresponded well with the current classification of oral fusobacteria into F. periodonticum and several subspecies of F. nucleatum, in spite of much minor genetic variability. F. periodonticum, F. nucleatum subsp. animalis and a previously undescribed phylogenetic cluster (C4), that may represent an additional F. nucleatum subspecies, constituted discrete clusters distinct from the remainder of F. nucleatum with high bootstrap values. Chinese and European strains differed markedly with regard to their respective classification patterns, suggesting a predominance of F. peridonticum and F. nucleatum susp. animalis over F. nucleatum subsp. nucleatum and F. nucleatum subsp. fusiforme/vincentii in samples from China. Antigenic typing enabled the association of many previously described serovars with distinct phylogenetic clusters and when applied directly to uncultured clinical samples confirmed the differential distribution of oral Fusobacterium taxa in Chinese and European samples. Bacteria from cluster C4 and F. nucleatum subsp. animalis were significantly more prevalent and accounted for higher cell numbers in NUG than in gingivitis samples, suggesting a possible association of these rarely observed taxa with NUG in Chinese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf Gmür
- Institute for Oral Biology, Center for Dental-, Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Zürich, Plattenstrasse 11, CH-8032 Zürich, Switzerland.
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Gu F, Lux R, Du-Thumm L, Stokes I, Kreth J, Anderson MH, Wong DT, Wolinsky L, Sullivan R, Shi W. In situ and non-invasive detection of specific bacterial species in oral biofilms using fluorescently labeled monoclonal antibodies. J Microbiol Methods 2005; 62:145-60. [PMID: 15935497 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2005.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2004] [Revised: 02/03/2005] [Accepted: 02/04/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Noninvasive in situ detection of suspected cariogenic bacterial species within dental biofilms could facilitate monitoring of the dynamic change of oral microbial flora and assist in the assessment of the treatment efficacy of therapeutic agents. In this study, we explore the possibility to use three well-characterized monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against Streptococcus mutans, Actinomyces naeslundii, and Lactobacillus casei to identify these three important members of the oral microbial community in the complex environment of oral biofilms. These MAbs, which were conjugated to different fluorescent labels and visualized with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), proved to be an useful tool to identify the three species of interest (S. mutans, A. naeslundii, and L. casei) under various experimental conditions including in vitro and in vivo derived oral biofilms. Manifold addition of the MAbs on consecutive days did not alter the biofilm structure thus allowing monitoring of the same biofilm over extended time periods. Using this MAb-based method the effect of sucrose challenge on the biofilm composition and the distribution of S. mutans, A. naeslundii, and L. casei were examined. S. mutans was found to be the predominant species under the various biofilm conditions tested. These studies indicate that MAbs based bacterial detection with CLSM is a versatile tool which permits new insights into the ecology of oral biofilm development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Gu
- School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, University of California, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, United States
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Schweickert B, Moter A, Lefmann M, Göbel UB. Let them fly or light them up: matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). APMIS 2005; 112:856-85. [PMID: 15638841 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2004.apm11211-1210.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on clinical bacteriology and by and large does not cover the detection of fungi, viruses or parasites. It discusses two completely different but complementary approaches that may either supplement or replace classic culture-based bacteriology. The latter view may appear provocative in the light of the actual market penetration of molecular genetic testing in clinical bacteriology. Despite its elegance, high specificity and sensitivity, molecular genetic diagnostics has not yet reached the majority of clinical laboratories. The reasons for this are manifold: Many microbiologists and medical technologists are more familiar with classical microbiological methods than with molecular biology techniques. Culture-based methods still represent the work horse of everyday routine. The number of available FDA-approved molecular genetic tests is limited and external quality control is still under development. Finally, it appears difficult to incorporate genetic testing in the routine laboratory setting due to the limited number of samples received or the lack of appropriate resources. However, financial and time constraints, particularly in hospitals as a consequence of budget cuts and reduced length of stay, lead to a demand for significantly shorter turnaround times that cannot be met by culture-dependent diagnosis. As a consequence, smaller laboratories that do not have the technical and personal equipment required for molecular genetic amplification techniques may adopt alternative methods such as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) that combines easy-to-perform molecular hybridization with microscopy, a technique familiar to every microbiologist. FISH is hence one of the technologies presented here. For large hospital or reference laboratories with a high sample volume requiring massive parallel high-throughput testing we discuss matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) of nucleic acids, a technology that has evolved from the post-genome sequencing era, for high-throughput sequence variation analysis (1, 2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgitta Schweickert
- Institut für Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
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Kuboniwa M, Amano A, Kimura KR, Sekine S, Kato S, Yamamoto Y, Okahashi N, Iida T, Shizukuishi S. Quantitative detection of periodontal pathogens using real-time polymerase chain reaction with TaqMan probes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 19:168-76. [PMID: 15107068 DOI: 10.1111/j.0902-0055.2004.00135.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative analysis, with identification of periodontopathic bacteria, is important for the diagnosis, therapeutic evaluation and risk assessment of periodontal disease. We developed a highly sensitive and specific method using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect and quantify six periodontal bacteria: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Treponema denticola, Prevotella intermedia, and Prevotella nigrescens. Species-specific TaqMan probe/primer sets were designed according to 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences. Plaque and tongue debris specimens were collected from 10 patients with advanced periodontitis and 10 periodontal healthy individuals and analyzed. All species, except for P. nigrescens, were detected in samples from diseased sites in significantly greater numbers than in those from healthy sites, whereas greater numbers of P. nigrescens were found in the controls. These results suggest that the present real-time PCR method with the designed probe/primer sets enabled sensitive detection of the six periodontal bacteria, and may also assist future microbial studies of periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kuboniwa
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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van der Ploeg JR, Giertsen E, Lüdin B, Mörgeli C, Zinkernagel AS, Gmür R. Quantitative detection ofPorphyromonas gingivalis fimAgenotypes in dental plaque. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2004; 232:31-7. [PMID: 15019731 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1097(04)00064-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2003] [Revised: 11/17/2003] [Accepted: 01/05/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed quantitative fimA genotype assays and applied them in a pilot study investigating the fimbrial genotype distribution of Porphyromonas gingivalis in European subjects with or without chronic periodontitis. P. gingivalis was found in 71% and 9% of the samples from patients and healthy subjects, respectively. Enumeration of total P. gingivalis cell numbers by polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence showed excellent correspondence (r = 0.964). 73% of positive samples contained multiple fimA genotypes, but generally one genotype predominated by one to three orders of magnitude. Genotype II predominated in 60% of the samples. Genotype IV occurred with similar prevalence (73%) as genotype II but predominated in only 20% of the samples. Genotypes I, III and V were of much lower prevalence and cell densities of the latter two remained sparse. Our results suggest marked differences among the fimA genotypes' ability to colonize host sites with high cell numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan R van der Ploeg
- Institute for Oral Biology, Section for Oral Microbiology and General Immunology, Center for Dental, Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Zürich, Plattenstrasse 11, CH-8028 Zürich, Switzerland
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Gmür R, Wyss C, Xue Y, Thurnheer T, Guggenheim B. Gingival crevice microbiota from Chinese patients with gingivitis or necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis. Eur J Oral Sci 2004; 112:33-41. [PMID: 14871191 DOI: 10.1111/j.0909-8836.2004.00103.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to quantitatively compare the bacterial population structure in plaque from the gingival margin of two groups of 21 Chinese patients with gingivitis or necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG). Subjects were recruited in four dental clinics in Eastern China. Samples were quantitatively assessed by immunofluorescence and fluorescent in situ hybridization for taxa known to be associated with periodontal diseases. The analyses showed that the fusiform taxa (Fusobacterium nucleatum/Fusobacterium periodonticum, Leptotrichia buccalis, Tannerella forsythensis, and Capnocytophaga sp.), Campylobacter rectus, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens, Selenomonas sputigena, and treponemes were present in both groups with high prevalence. Porphyromonas gingivalis and Actinomyces gerencseriae were much more prevalent in the NUG group. Quantitatively, most taxa, including P. gingivalis, F. nucleatum and the treponemes, accounted, on average, for < 3% of the total bacterial cell number. Only P. intermedia/P. nigrescens, P. gingivalis, S. sputigena, A. gerencseriae, and the sum of all monitored suspected periodontal pathogens were significantly increased in the NUG group. The present study demonstrates for both groups a highly diverse plaque composition and suggests that, etiologically, the overall concentration and the concerted effects of the entire group of opportunistic pathogens thriving in NUG-associated plaque are of prime importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf Gmür
- Institute of Oral Biology, Section of Oral Microbiology and General Immunology, Center for Dental-, Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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