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Gustafson GL, Wright BE, Coe EL. Analysis of Approaches Used in Studying Differentiation of the Cellular Slime Mold. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/10408417209103874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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2
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Rutherford CL, Overall DF, Ubeidat M, Joyce BR. Analysis of 5' nucleotidase and alkaline phosphatase by gene disruption in Dictyostelium. Genesis 2003; 35:202-13. [PMID: 12717731 DOI: 10.1002/gene.10185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In Dictyostelium discoideum a phosphatase with a high pH optimum is known to increase in activity during cell differentiation and become localized to a narrow band of cells at the interface of prespore and prestalk cells. However, it was not clear if this activity is due to a classical "alkaline phosphatase" with broad range substrate specificity or to a "5'nucleotidase" with high substrate preference for 5'AMP. We attempted to disrupt the genes encoding these two phosphatase activities in order to determine if the activity that is localized to the interface region resides in either of these two proteins. During aggregation of 5nt null mutants, multiple tips formed rather than the normal single tip for each aggregate. In situ phosphatase activity assays showed that the wt and the 5nt gene disruption clones had normal phosphatase activity in the area between prestalk and prespore cell types, while the alp null mutants did not have activity in this cellular region. Thus, the phosphatase activity that becomes localized to the interface of the prestalk and prespore cells is alkaline phosphatase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles L Rutherford
- Biology Department, Molecular and Cellular Biology Section, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 2119 Derring Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0406, USA.
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3
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Ubeidat M, Rutherford CL. Purification and renaturation of Dictyostelium recombinant alkaline phosphatase by continuous elution electrophoresis. Protein Expr Purif 2003; 27:375-83. [PMID: 12597899 DOI: 10.1016/s1046-5928(02)00613-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A 1583 bp fragment of Dictyostelium alp cDNA (94% of the gene) was cloned in pET32a+. The enzyme was expressed in an inactive form in the inclusion body of the expression host BL21-CodonPlus (DE3)-RIL. The recombinant ALP constituted more than 50% of the total protein in the inclusion body and 25-30% of the total protein in the expression host after 3 h induction with IPTG at 37 degrees C. A continuous elution polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis procedure was used to purify the recombinant enzyme. This technique yielded a homogeneous protein that retained enzymatic activity after dialysis without further treatment. A yield of 5mg per liter of culture broth was obtained with a specific activity of approximately 0.7 nmol/min/mg protein (0.7 mU/mg). Immunoinhibition studies using a polyclonal antibody produced against the recombinant protein showed complete inhibition of enzymatic activity when the enzyme was preincubated with the antibody at a 1:1000 dilution. The enzyme exhibited a pH optimum of approximately 9.0. The substrate specificity indicated that the Dictyostelium enzyme is a typical broad range alkaline phosphatase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muatasem Ubeidat
- Department of Biology, Molecular and Cellular Biology Section, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 2119 Derring Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0406, USA
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4
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Abstract
In order to analyze the expression pattern of the 5'-nucleotidase (5nt) gene in Dictyostelium, we made a fusion construct in which the 5nt promoter directed the expression of beta-galactosidase gene. The reporter gene was not active in vegetative amoebae but was expressed during the aggregation stage. At the slug stage, 5nt was highly expressed in pstAB cells. As the slug moved along the substratum, high activity of beta-galactosidase was detected in cells that were left behind in the slime trail. In the completed fruiting body, 5nt was expressed in the lower cup, the anterior like cells (ALC) and the basal disc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muatasem Ubeidat
- Biology Department, Molecular and Cellular Biology Section, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0406, USA
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Chanchao C, Eristi CM, Favis R, Rutherford CL. 5'-Nucleotidase in Dictyostelium: protein purification, cloning, and developmental expression. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1999; 1473:376-90. [PMID: 10594375 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4165(99)00206-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
5'-Nucleotidase (5NU) in Dictyostelium discoideum is an enzyme that shows high substrate specificity to 5'-AMP. The enzyme has received considerable attention in the past because of the critical role played by cyclic AMP in cell differentiation in this organism. Degradation of cAMP by cAMP phosphodiesterase (PDE) produces 5'-AMP, the substrate of 5NU. During the time course of development, the enzyme activity of 5NU increases and becomes restricted to a narrow band of cells that form the interface between the prestalk/prespore zones. We have purified a polypeptide associated with 5NU enzyme activity. Protein sequence of this peptide was obtained from mass spectrometry and Edman degradation. Polymerase chain reaction PCR amplification of genomic DNA using degenerate oligonucleotides and a search of sequences of a cDNA project yielded DNA fragments with sequence corresponding to the peptide sequence of 5NU. In addition, a clone was found that corresponded to the classical 'alkaline phosphatase' (AP) as described in several organisms. The sequences of the 5NU and AP cDNAs were not similar, indicating they are the products of separate genes and that both genes exist in Dictyostelium. Analysis of the expression of 5nu during Dictyostelium development by Northern blotting determined that the gene is developmentally regulated. Southern blot analysis showed a single form of the 5nu gene. Targeted gene disruption and knockout mutagenesis using the 5nu sequences suggested that a 5nu mutation may be lethal.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Chanchao
- Biology Department, Molecular and Cellular Biology Section, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0406, USA
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6
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Systems analysis of the tricarboxylic acid cycle in Dictyostelium discoideum. I. The basis for model construction. J Biol Chem 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)50700-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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7
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Castagnetta LA, Granata OM, Lo Casto M, Calabró M, Arcuri F, Carruba G. Simple approach to measure metabolic pathways of steroids in living cells. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 1991; 572:25-39. [PMID: 1818059 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(91)80470-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A simple, rapid approach to the study of conversion rates and metabolic patterns of the steroids testosterone and estradiol is presented. It includes an optimized isocratic high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure in the reversed-phase mode and radioactive on-line detection. The purpose was to estimate the activity of key enzymes of steroid pathways, such as 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 5 alpha-reductase, in in vivo conditions. Using this system, we obtained good efficiency and linearity of radio detection, under continuous flow conditions. Sensitivity limits were of the order of 50 and 70 cpm for [3H]estradiol and [14C]estrone, respectively, even though the efficiency was quite dissimilar (17.3% versus 56.2%). The applicability of this approach to studies of steroid metabolic pathways in growing cancer cells in culture is illustrated with examples of the conversion rates of both testosterone and estradiol. The high reproducibility (coefficients of variation of 2.7 and 5.1% for 3H and 14C, respectively) and good extraction efficiency (ranging from 86 to 94%) indicate the feasibility and reliability of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Castagnetta
- Hormone Biochemistry Laboratories, School of Medicine, University Palermo, Italy
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8
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Wright BE. Construction of kinetic models to understand metabolism in vivo. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 1991; 566:309-26. [PMID: 1939444 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(91)80247-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This review describes increasingly complex kinetic models that simulate carbohydrate metabolism in a simple eucaryotic system which undergoes differentiation. Dynamic models of complex metabolic networks serve to organize and analyze the many interdependent variables involves and to define the rate-limiting events controlling metabolism in vivo. Since the ultimate justification for and test of any model are its predictive values, a series of predictions and related experiments will be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- B E Wright
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula 59812
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9
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Bhanot P, Weeks G. Studies on the mechanism of action of the alkaline phosphatase from Dictyostelium discoideum. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1989; 995:291-4. [PMID: 2706277 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4838(89)90049-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The Dictyostelium discoideum alkaline phosphatase was investigated kinetically in an attempt to elucidate its mechanism of action. Analysis of the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl phosphate by stopped-flow spectrophotometry revealed biphasic kinetics, suggesting a double displacement enzyme mechanism. Furthermore, Tris stimulated activity in an uncompetitive manner, a result that was consistent with this interpretation. The enzyme was inhibited reversibly by phosphate at low ionic strength, but the inhibition was irreversible at high ionic strength and the latter effect was enhanced at alkaline pH values. These results indicate that high ionic strength and alkaline pH conditions bring about a conformational change that renders the enzyme susceptible to irreversible inhibition by phosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bhanot
- Department of Microbiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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10
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Albe KR, Wright BE. Purification and kinetic characterization of uridine phosphorylase from Dictyostelium discoideum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0147-5975(89)90003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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11
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Watts DJ. Protein synthesis during development and differentiation in the cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum. Biochem J 1984; 220:1-14. [PMID: 6331403 PMCID: PMC1153588 DOI: 10.1042/bj2200001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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12
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Cembella AD, Antia NJ, Harrison PJ. The utilization of inorganic and organic phosphorus compounds as nutrients by eukaryotic microalgae: a multidisciplinary perspective. Part 2. Crit Rev Microbiol 1984; 11:13-81. [PMID: 6373151 DOI: 10.3109/10408418409105902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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13
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Armant DR, Rutherford CL. Properties of a 5'-AMP specific nucleotidase which accumulates in one cell type during development of Dictyostelium discoideum. Arch Biochem Biophys 1982; 216:485-94. [PMID: 6287936 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(82)90237-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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14
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Cembella AD, Antia NJ, Harrison PJ. The utilization of inorganic and organic phosphorous compounds as nutrients by eukaryotic microalgae: a multidisciplinary perspective: part 1. Crit Rev Microbiol 1982; 10:317-91. [PMID: 6321101 DOI: 10.3109/10408418209113567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This comprehensive literature review of the phosphorus nutrition and metabolism of eukaryotic microalgae deals sequentially with (1) extracellular P-compounds available for algal utilization and growth; (2) orthophosphate uptake mechanisms, kinetics, and influence from environmental variables; (3) phosphatase-mediated utilization of organic phosphates involving multiple enzymes, induction and cellular location of repressible and irrepressible phosphatases, and their role in growth physiological processes; (4) intracellular phosphate metabolism covering diversity of phosphometabolites. ATP-linked energy regulation, polyphosphate pools and storage roles, phospholipids and phospholipases; (5) steady-state and transient-state models relating phosphate utilization to growth; (6) ecological aspects covering manifestations of phosphorus limitation, interspecific competition for phosphonutrients among microorganisms, and current views on phosphorus cycling and turnover in aquatic ecosystems. Although concentrating on the microalgae, the review often points out sounder conclusions drawn from bacteria and fungi, and includes specific macroalgae in considering certain subtopics where such algae were better investigated and provided a good basis for comparison with the microalgae.
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15
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Copurification of alkaline phosphatase and 5'-AMP specific nucleotidase in Dictyostelium discoideum. J Biol Chem 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)42953-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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16
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Mohan Das DV, Weeks G. The inhibition of Dictyostelium discoideum alkaline phosphatase by a low molecular weight factor and its implication for the developmental regulation of the enzyme. FEBS Lett 1981; 130:249-52. [PMID: 7286230 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(81)81131-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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17
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Wright BE, Kelly PJ. Kinetic models of metabolism in intact cells, tissues, and organisms. CURRENT TOPICS IN CELLULAR REGULATION 1981; 19:103-58. [PMID: 7037313 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-152819-5.50021-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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18
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Armant DR, Rutherford CL. 5'-AMP nucleotidase is localized in the area of cell-cell contact of prespore and prestalk regions during culmination of Dictyostelium discoideum. Mech Ageing Dev 1979; 10:199-217. [PMID: 37375 DOI: 10.1016/0047-6374(79)90034-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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19
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Wright BE, Tai A, Killick KA, Thomas DA. The effects of exogenous glucose, uracil, and inorganic phosphate on differentiation in Dictyostelium discoideum. Arch Biochem Biophys 1979; 192:489-99. [PMID: 434837 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(79)90119-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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20
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Ono KI, Toda K. 'Ghosts' formation and their isolation from the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum. Exp Cell Res 1978; 112:175-85. [PMID: 24545 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(78)90538-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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21
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Quiviger B, de Chastellier C, Ryter A. Cytochemical demonstration of alkaline phosphatase in the contractile vacuole of Dictyostelium discoideum. JOURNAL OF ULTRASTRUCTURE RESEARCH 1978; 62:228-36. [PMID: 565823 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5320(78)80020-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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22
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Ku KY, Goz B. 5-Iodo-2'-deoxyuridine inhibition of Dictyostelium discoideum differentiation and cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase activity. Biochem Pharmacol 1978; 27:1597-601. [PMID: 212075 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(78)90491-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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23
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Killick KA. A coupled spectrophotometric assay for trehalose 6-phosphate synthetase from Dictyostelium discoideum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1977. [DOI: 10.1016/s0147-5975(77)80020-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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24
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Wright BE, Killick KA, Tai A. Fourth expansion and glucose perturbation of the Dictyostelium kinetic model. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1977; 74:217-25. [PMID: 558094 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1977.tb11384.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The kinetic model of carbohydrate metabolism has been expanded to include: (a) the accumulation of alpha and beta-cellulose, insoluble cell-wall glycogen and mucopolysaccharide; (b) the role of RNA turnover as a source of carbon for end-product synthesis and as a buffer regulating the level of uridine nucleotides in this metabolic network; and (c) the role of purine-nucleoside phosphorylase, 5'-AMP nucleotidase, nucleosidediphosphate kinase and polynucleotide phosphorylase. One of many predictions based on this model is that cells differentiating in the presence of glucose will produce sorocarps with an abnormally high trehalose to cellulose ratio. External perturbation of either the model or of developing cells by glucose increases the levels of sorocarp trehalose and glycogen, 5-fold and 6-fold respectively. Evaluation of the experimental data and the simulation analyses have allowed several predictions to be made concerning the compartmentation of metabolites and the permeability of cells to glucose during differentiation.
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25
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Rutherford CL. Glycogen degradation during migration of presumptive cell types in Dictyostelium discoideum. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1976; 451:212-22. [PMID: 1034485 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(76)90272-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
During the time course of differentiation in Dictyostelium discoideum, glycogen was found to accumulate from the amoebae stage to the culmination stage of development. Upon sorocarp formation (23 h), glycogen was rapidly degraded. Ultramicrotechniques, utilizing amplification of glycogen by enzymatic cycling, were used to follow glycogen metabolism in pre-stalk and prespore cells during the differentiation cycle. Both cell types accumulated glycogen at nearly the same rate. By the pseudoplasmodium stage of development glycogen had accumulated to 50% of its maximum value, and no differences were found between pre-stalk and pre-spore cells. Glycogen was degraded as pre-stalk cells migrated into the position for stalk construction. At the culmination stage of development stalk cells near the base were devoid of glycogen while pre-stalk cells near the apex of the stalk showed no loss of glycogen. The complete loss of glycogen from stalk cells occurred over a distance occupied by approximately 100 cells, and over a time period of approx. 1 h. Pre-spore cells at the culmination stage showed no loss of glycogen even though separated from stalk cells by only a thin cellulose sheath. The degradation of prespore cell glycogen did not commence until stalk construction was completed and the pre-spore mass had reached the apex of the stalk. Pre-spore cells at the culmination stage contained high levels of glycogen while only 2 h later, total degradation had occurred.
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26
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Harris JF, Rutherford CL. Localization of glycogen synthetase during differentiation of presumptive cell types in Dictyostelium discoideum. J Bacteriol 1976; 127:84-90. [PMID: 819425 PMCID: PMC233036 DOI: 10.1128/jb.127.1.84-90.1976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultramicrochemical techniques were utilized to assay glycogen synthetase (EC 2.4.1.11) activity in cell samples of Dictyostelium discoideum as small as 0.01 mug (dry weight) in reaction volumes of 0.1 mul. The activity was assayed by an amplification procedure employing the enzymatic cycling of pyridine nucleotides. These techniques were used to determine the extent of localization of glycogen synthetase in the two cell types during differentiation of D. discoideum. Localization studies in developing spore cells revealed decreasing enzyme activity to the culmination stage. During this phase of development, the enzyme required the presence of soluble glycogen for activity. From culmination to sorocarp stage, enzyme activity increased and was independent of the soluble glycogen. In developing stalk cells, synthetase showed a decreasing gradient of activity. In sorocarps, the cells in the stalk apex showed synthetase activity similar to that of the spores. The cells at the bottom of the stalk had no detectable activity.
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27
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Cleveland RF, Deering RA. Changes in morphogenesis and developmental enzyme levels in Dictyostelium discoideum after gamma irradiation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION BIOLOGY AND RELATED STUDIES IN PHYSICS, CHEMISTRY, AND MEDICINE 1976; 29:463-73. [PMID: 1084874 DOI: 10.1080/09553007614550561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Changes in the levels of specific activity of two enzymes believed to be involved in developmental regulation were observed after irradiating differentiating cells of Dictyostelium discoideum. Stimulation of the levels of specific activity of alkaline phosphatase occured after irradiation at the beginning of development and at the end of the aggregation period, but not after irradiation at the beginning of aggregation. A stimulation in UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase specific activity was also observed, but to a lesser extent and only after irradiation at the end of aggregation. Dose-dependent delays in the appearance of peaks of specific activity were noted. The delay per unit dose was less when irradiation took place at the beginning of development as opposed to the beginning or end of the aggregation period. Radiation-induced delays in progression through visible developmental stages were almost identical to delays in enzyme appearance. Other radiation effects on morphogenesis included the induction of a migratory slug phase.
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28
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Lee A, Chance K, Weeks C, Weeks G. Studies on the alkaline phosphatase and 5'-nucleotidase of Dictyostelium discoideum. Arch Biochem Biophys 1975; 171:407-17. [PMID: 957 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(75)90049-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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29
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Killick KA, Wright BE. Trehalose synthesis during differentiation in Dictyostelium discoideum. Preparation, stabilization and assay of trehalose-6-phosphate synthetase. Arch Biochem Biophys 1975; 170:634-43. [PMID: 242263 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(75)90159-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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30
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Pfohl RJ. Alkaline phosphatase of sea urchin embryos: Chromatographic and electrophoretic characterization. Dev Biol 1975; 44:333-45. [PMID: 236963 DOI: 10.1016/0012-1606(75)90404-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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31
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Kaufman HW, Kleinberg I. Hydrolysis of phytate and its inositol phosphate intermediates by an acid and an alkaline phosphatase. Arch Oral Biol 1975; 20:157-60. [PMID: 235912 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9969(75)90002-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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32
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Parish RW, Pelli C. Alkaline phosphatase of Dictyostelium discoideum: cell surface location and colchicine effect on internalization during phagocytosis. FEBS Lett 1974; 48:293-6. [PMID: 4373294 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(74)80489-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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33
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Gezelius K. Inorganic polyphosphates and enzymes of polyphosphate metabolism in the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum. Arch Microbiol 1974; 98:311-29. [PMID: 4367840 DOI: 10.1007/bf00425292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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34
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Wright BE, Rosness P, Jones TH, Marshall R. Glycogen metabolism during differentiation in Dictyostelium discoideum. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1973; 210:51-63. [PMID: 4349002 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1973.tb47561.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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35
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Gezelius K. Acid phosphatase localization during differentiation in the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum. ARCHIV FUR MIKROBIOLOGIE 1972; 85:51-76. [PMID: 4342118 DOI: 10.1007/bf00425144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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36
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Wright BE, Marshall R. Trehalose Synthesis during Differentiation in Dictyostelium discoideum. J Biol Chem 1971. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)61911-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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37
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38
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Smith JE, Galbraith JC. Biochemical and physiological aspects of differentiation in the fungi. Adv Microb Physiol 1971; 5:45-134. [PMID: 4950260 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2911(08)60405-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Jones TH, Wright BE. Partial purification and characterization of glycogen phosphorylase from Dictyostelium discoideum. J Bacteriol 1970; 104:754-61. [PMID: 5530813 PMCID: PMC285054 DOI: 10.1128/jb.104.2.754-761.1970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycogen phosphorylase was isolated from cells of Dictyostelium discoideum in the culmination stage of development and purified 35-fold. The enzyme had a pH optimum of 6.9 and contained sulfhydryl groups essential for activity. The K(m) values for phosphate and glycogen were 3 mm and 0.06% (w/v), respectively. No dependence on, or stimulation by, any nucleotide was observed and a wide variety of nucleotides and glycolytic intermediates did not inhibit the enzyme. Nucleotide sugars competitively inhibited the enzyme. Guanosine diphosphoglucose and adenosine diphosphoglucose were the most effective, and uridine diphosphoglucose was the least effective of the nucleotide sugars tested. The specific activity of glycogen phosphorylase increased from about 0.004 unit per mg of protein in aggregating cells to about 0.024 unit per mg in culminating cells, and then decreased during sorocarp formation. This increase in enzyme specific activity during the starvation and aging of the system can account for the increased rate of glycogen degradation during this period of development. Amylase specific activity, measured at pH 4.8 and 6.9, varied between 0.005 and 0.013 unit per mg of protein during all stages of development.
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Abstract
Biochemical events which occur during macroconidial germination have been studied in the dermatophyte Microsporum gypseum. The specific activity levels of various metabolic enzymes have been assayed during germination time periods. The accumulated levels of several of these enzymes, as a function of exogenous carbohydrate source, have been investigated. M. gypseum was found to possess a constitutive glyoxalate shunt, a constitutive glucokinase, a fructose phosphoenolpyruvate transferase, and a mannitol phosphoenolpyruvate transferase. The integration of endogenous reserve utilization during germination is discussed. The purification and properties of an alkaline phosphatase and its possible relationship to sporulation and spore germination also are described.
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Loomis WF. The relation between cytodifferentiation and inactivation of a developmentally controlled enzyme in Dictyostelium discoideum. Exp Cell Res 1968; 53:283-7. [PMID: 5749523 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(68)90376-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Wright BE. An analysis of metabolism underlying differentiation inDictyostelium discoideum. J Cell Physiol 1968. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.1040720411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Wright B, Simon W, Walsh BT. A kinetic model of metabolism essential to differentiation in Dictyostelium discoideum. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1968; 60:644-51. [PMID: 5248821 PMCID: PMC225095 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.60.2.644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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Cleland SV, Coe EL. Activities of glycolytic enzymes during the early stages of differentiation in the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1968; 156:44-50. [PMID: 4296372 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(68)90102-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Abstract
In this article the process of differentiation is analyzed, cell wall synthesis in a cellular slime mold being used as a model system. The causes and levels of control responsible for morphogenesis are many and complex; their interdependence must be understood in order to interpret their individual roles in the regulation of mor phogenesis.
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Roth R, Sussman M. Trehalose synthesis in the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1966; 122:225-31. [PMID: 6007986 DOI: 10.1016/0926-6593(66)90064-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Sussman M. Some genetic and biochemical aspects of the regulatory program for slime mold development. Curr Top Dev Biol 1966; 1:61-83. [PMID: 4943437 DOI: 10.1016/s0070-2153(08)60009-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Sussman M. Chapter 14 Biochemical and Genetic Methods in the Study of Cellular Slime Mold Development. Methods Cell Biol 1966. [DOI: 10.1016/s0091-679x(08)62146-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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