Chryseobacterium salipaludis sp. nov., isolated at a wild ass sanctuary

Sinomonas cellulolyticus sp. nov., isolated from Loktak lake

A novel cellulolytic strain JC656T was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of Alisma plantago-aquatica of floating island (Phumdis) of Loktak lake, Manipur, India. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities between strain JC656T and other Sinomonas type strains ranged between 98.5 and 97.3%, wherein strain JC656T exhibited the highest sequence similarity (98.5%) to Sinomonas notoginsengisoli KCTC 29237T. Colonies were yellow-colored and grew aerobically. Cells were gram-positive, rod-shaped and non-motile. The optimal growth of the strain JC656T occured at 28 °C and pH 7. Strain JC656T contained MK-9 as the predominant isoprenoid quinone and anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0 and anteiso-C17:0 as the major fatty acids. Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and a glycolipid were the polar lipids. Strain JC656T contained lysine, alanine, glutamine, diaminopimelic acid (DAP) and two unidentified amino acids as characteristic cell wall amino acids. The genome size of strain JC656T was 3.9 Mb with a DNA G + C content of 69.9 mol %. For the affirmation of the strain's taxonomic status, a detailed phylogenomic study was done. Based on its phylogenetic position and morphological, physiological, and genomic features, strain JC656T represents a new species of the genus Sinomonas, for which we propose the name Sinomonas cellulolyticus sp. nov. The type strain JC656T = (KCTC 49339T = NBRC 114142T).

Planobacterium oryzisoli sp. nov., a novel bacterium isolated from roots of rice plant

A Gram-negative, aerobic, short rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore forming bacterium, designated strain GCR5T, was isolated from soil of paddy field. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain GCR5T belongs to the genus Planobacterium and is related to Planobacterium taklimakanense NCTC 13490 T (96.1%, 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). Colonies on R2A were white but they turn into bright yellow after exponential growth. They produce carotenoid pigment after 5-6 days of incubation, before that carotenoid pigment was not found. The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-6, and major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C17:0 3OH. Polar lipids include phosphatidylethanolamine, three unidentified phosphoglycolipids, three unidentified glycolipids, one unidentified aminophosphoglycolipid and five unidentified polar lipids. The strain GCR5T was found to have a 2,106,200 bp linear genome with G + C content of 43.7%. The ANI, dDDH and AAI values between the strain GCR5T and the type strains of phylogenetically related species were 60.2-71.1%, 19-24.3%, and 60.2-69.6%, respectively. The strain designated GCR5T produced indole acetic acid (IAA) in the presence of tryptophan only, and auxin responsive genes and tryptophan biosynthesis genes were found in its genome. Based on its polyphasic characteristics, strain GCR5T represents a novel species within the genus Planobacterium, for which the name Planobacterium oryzisoli sp. nov. was proposed. The type strain is GCR5T (= KCTC 82713 T = TISTR 2996 T = TBRC 15746 T).Repositories: The draft genome and 16S rRNA gene sequences of strain GCR5T have been deposited at GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ under accession numbers JADKYY000000000 and MN955408, respectively.

Neoroseomonas marina sp. nov., Isolated from a Beach Sand

A pink-pigmented bacterium (strain JC162^T = KCTC 32190^T) was isolated from a beach sand sample. Cells were Gram-stain-negative, coccoid, non-motile, and strictly aerobic. EzBioCloud BLAST search of 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain KCTC 32190^T had the highest sequence identity to the members of the genus Neoroseomonas and was closely related to N. oryzicola YC6724^T (99.8%), N. sediminicola FW-3^T (98.5%), N. soli 5N26^T (98.2%), and other members of the genus Neoroseomonas (< 97.9%) in the family Acetobacteriaceae within the class of Alphaproteobacteria. Chemo-organoheterotrophy was the only growth mode and growth was possible on a wide range of organic substrates. Strain KCTC 32190^T was positive for catalase and oxidase. Fatty acid composition of strain KCTC 32190^T includes (in decreasing %) C_18:1ω7c, cyclo-C_19:0ω8c, C_18:02-OH, C_16:0, C_18:03-OH, C_16:1ω7c/C_16:1ω6c, C_16:02-OH and C_16:1ω5c. Polar lipids comprised of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, an unidentified amino lipid, and three unidentified lipids. The genomic DNA G+C content of the strain KCTC 32190^T was 70.9 mol%. Strain KCTC 32190^T has a low ANI value of < 92.7% and genome reassociation (based on digital DNA-DNA hybridization) value of < 48.8% with the nearest type strains. The genome relatedness is supported by other polyphasic taxonomic data to propose strain KCTC 32190^T as a new species in the genus Neoroseomonas with the name Neoroseomonas marina sp. nov. The type strain is strain JC162^T (KCTC 32190^T = CGMCC1.12364^T).

Mesobacillus aurantius sp. nov., isolated from an orange-colored pond near a solar saltern

An endospore producing, strict aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, orange-colored colony forming bacterium designated as strain JC1013^T was isolated from an orange pond near a solar saltern of Tamil Nadu, India. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain was affiliated to the family Bacillaceae of the phylum Firmicutes. Strain showed highest 16S rRNA gene sequence identity of 98.7% with Mesobacillus selenatarsenatis SF-1 ^T and below 98.3% with other members of the genus Mesobacillus. Strain JC1013^T produced carotenoid pigments and indole compounds. Major cellular fatty acids of strain JC1013^T were iso-C_15:0, anteiso-C_15:0, C_16:0 3-OH, iso-C_17:0ω10c and summed feature 4 (iso-C_17:1 I/ anteisoB). Polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified aminolipids and four unidentified phospholipids. Strain JC1013^T constituted m-diaminopimelic acid as diagnostic cell wall amino acids. MK-7 is the predominant menaquinone of strain JC1013^T. The genome size of strain JC1013^T was 4.6 Mbp and its G + C content was 42.7 mol%. For the affirmation of strain's taxonomic status, a detailed phylogenomic study was done. Based on the phylogenetic analyses, low ANI (84.6%), AAI (88.5%) values, in-silico DDH (< 29%) value, morphological, physiological and chemo-taxonomical characteristics, strain JC1013^T was clearly distinguished from the nearest phylogenetic neighbor, Mesobacillus selenatarsenatis SF-1^T to conclude that it is a new species of the genus Mesobacillus. We propose the name as Mesobacillus aurantius with type strain JC1013^T (= NBRC 114146^T = KACC 21451 ^T).

Division of the genus Chryseobacterium: Observation of discontinuities in amino acid identity values, a possible consequence of major extinction events, guides transfer of nine species to the genus Epilithonimonas, eleven species to the genus Kaistella, and three species to the genus Halpernia gen. nov., with description of Kaistella daneshvariae sp. nov. and Epilithonimonas vandammei sp. nov. derived from clinical specimens

The genus Chryseobacterium in the family Weeksellaceae is known to be polyphyletic. Amino acid identity (AAI) values were calculated from whole-genome sequences of species of the genus Chryseobacterium, and their distribution was found to be multi-modal. These naturally-occurring non-continuities were leveraged to standardise genus assignment of these species. We speculate that this multi-modal distribution is a consequence of loss of biodiversity during major extinction events, leading to the concept that a bacterial genus corresponds to a set of species that diversified since the Permian extinction. Transfer of nine species (Chryseobacterium arachidiradicis, Chryseobacterium bovis, Chryseobacterium caeni, Chryseobacterium hispanicum, Chryseobacterium hominis, Chryseobacterium hungaricum,, Chryseobacterium pallidum and Chryseobacterium zeae) to the genus Epilithonimonas and eleven (Chryseobacterium anthropi, Chryseobacterium antarcticum, Chryseobacterium carnis, Chryseobacterium chaponense, Chryseobacterium haifense, Chryseobacterium jeonii, Chryseobacterium montanum, Chryseobacterium palustre, Chryseobacterium solincola, Chryseobacterium treverense and Chryseobacterium yonginense) to the genus Kaistella is proposed. Two novel species are described: Kaistella daneshvariae sp. nov. and Epilithonimonas vandammei sp. nov. Evidence is presented to support the assignment of Planobacterium taklimakanense to a genus apart from Chryseobacterium, to which Planobacterium salipaludis comb nov. also belongs. The novel genus Halpernia is proposed, to contain the type species Halpernia frigidisoli comb. nov., along with Halpernia humi comb. nov., and Halpernia marina comb. nov.

Paracoccus aeridis sp. nov., an indole-producing bacterium isolated from the rhizosphere of an orchid, Aerides maculosa

A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, coccoid-shaped, catalase- and oxidase-positive, non-denitrifying, neutrophilic bacterium designated as strain JC501T was isolated from an epiphytic rhizosphere of an orchid, Aerides maculosa, growing in the Western Ghats of India. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain JC501T belonged to the genus Paracoccus and had the highest levels of sequence identity with Paracoccus marinus KKL-A5T (98.9 %), Paracoccus contaminans WPAn02T (97.3 %) and other members of the genus Paracoccus (<97.3 %). Strain JC501T produced indole-3 acetic acid and other indole derivatives from tryptophan. The dominant respiratory quinone was Q-10 and the major fatty acid was C18 : 1ω7c/C18 : 1ω6c, with significant quantities of C18 : 1ω9c, C17 : 0 and C16 : 0. The polar lipids of strain JC501T comprised phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified glycolipid, two unidentified aminolipids, two unidentified lipids and four unidentified phospholipids. The genome of strain JC501T was 3.3 Mbp with G+C content of 69.4 mol%. For the resolution of the phylogenetic congruence of the novel strain, the phylogeny was also reconstructed with the sequences of eight housekeeping genes. Based on the results of phylogenetic analyses, low (<85.9 %) average nucleotide identity, digital DNA–DNA hybridization (<29.8 %), chemotaxonomic analysis and physiological properties, strain JC501T could not be classified into any of the recognized species of the genus Paracoccus . Strain JC501T represents a novel species, for which the name Paracoccus aeridis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JC501T (=LMG 30532T=NBRC 113644T).

Chryseobacterium candidae sp. nov., isolated from a yeast (Candida tropicalis)

A Gram-stain-negative, rod shaped, non-motile, aerobic bacterium (strain JC507^T) was isolated from a yeast (Candida tropicalis JY101). Strain JC507^T was oxidase- and catalase-positive. Complete 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison data indicated that strain JC507^T was a member of the genus Chryseobacterium and was closely related to Chryseobacterium indologenes NBRC 14944^T (98.7 %), followed by Chryseobacterium arthrosphaerae CC-VM-7^T (98.6 %), Chryseobacterium gleum ATCC 35910^T (98.5 %) and less than 98.5 % to other species of the genus Chryseobacterium.The genomic DNA G+C content of strain JC507^T was 36.0 mol%. Strain JC507^T had phosphatidylethanolamine, four unidentified amino lipids and four unidentified lipids. MK-6 was the only respiratory quinone. The major fatty acids (>10 %) were anteiso-C_11 : 0, iso-C_15 : 0 and iso-C_17 : 03OH. The average nucleotide identity and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain JC507^T and C. indologenes NBRC 14944^T, C. arthrosphaerae CC-VM-7^T and C. gleum ATCC 35910^T were 80.2, 83.0 and 87.0 % and 24, 26.7 and 32.7 %, respectively. The results of phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses support the inclusion of strain JC507^T as a representative of a new species of the genus Chryseobacterium, for which the name Chryseobacteriumcandidae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JC507^T (=KCTC 52928^T=MCC 4072^T=NBRC 113872^T).

Afifella aestuarii sp. nov., a phototrophic bacterium

An oval- to rod-shaped, motile, Gram-stain-negative, oxidase-positive, catalase-negative, pink-coloured phototrophic bacterium (designated as strain JA968^T) was isolated from an estuary near Pata, Gujarat, India. Cells had an intracytoplasmic membrane architecture as lamellae and divided by budding. Strain JA968^T had bacteriochlorophyll-a and spirilloxanthin series carotenoids as photosynthetic pigments. The strain exhibited photolithoautotrophic, photoorganoheterotrophic and chemoorganoheterotrophic growth modes and required thiamine as a growth factor. Strain JA968^T had C_18 : 1ω7c/C_{18  : 1}ω6c as the predominant fatty acid with ubiquinone-10 (Q-10) and menaquinone-10 (MK-10) forming the quinone composition. The genomic DNA G+C content of the strain was 63.5 mol%. Pairwise comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain JA968^T was highly similar to Afifella marina DSM 2698^T (99.9 %) and Afifella pfennigii DSM 17143^T (98.4 %). The average nucleotide identity values were 92 % between strain JA968^T and A. marina DSM 2698^T, and 78 % between strain JA968^T and A. pfennigii DSM 17143^T. The digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain JA968^T and A. marina and A. pfennigii were 49 and 19 %, respectively. The genomic distinction was also supported by differences in phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics. We propose that strain JA968^T represents a new species of the genus Afifella with the name Afifella aestuarii sp. nov. The type strain is JA968^T (=KCTC 15634^T=NBRC 113338^T).