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Afroz S, Saul S, Dai J, Surman S, Liu X, Park HS, Le Nouën C, Lingemann M, Dahal B, Coleman JR, Mueller S, Collins PL, Buchholz UJ, Munir S. Human parainfluenza virus 3 vaccine candidates attenuated by codon-pair deoptimization are immunogenic and protective in hamsters. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2316376121. [PMID: 38861603 PMCID: PMC11194498 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2316376121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Human parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV3) is a major pediatric respiratory pathogen lacking available vaccines or antiviral drugs. We generated live-attenuated HPIV3 vaccine candidates by codon-pair deoptimization (CPD). HPIV3 open reading frames (ORFs) encoding the nucleoprotein (N), phosphoprotein (P), matrix (M), fusion (F), hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN), and polymerase (L) were modified singly or in combination to generate 12 viruses designated Min-N, Min-P, Min-M, Min-FHN, Min-L, Min-NP, Min-NPM, Min-NPL, Min-PM, Min-PFHN, Min-MFHN, and Min-PMFHN. CPD of N or L severely reduced growth in vitro and was not further evaluated. CPD of P or M was associated with increased and decreased interferon (IFN) response in vitro, respectively, but had little effect on virus replication. In Vero cells, CPD of F and HN delayed virus replication, but final titers were comparable to wild-type (wt) HPIV3. In human lung epithelial A549 cells, CPD F and HN induced a stronger IFN response, viral titers were reduced 100-fold, and the expression of F and HN proteins was significantly reduced without affecting N or P or the relative packaging of proteins into virions. Following intranasal infection in hamsters, replication in the nasal turbinates and lungs tended to be the most reduced for viruses bearing CPD F and HN, with maximum reductions of approximately 10-fold. Despite decreased in vivo replication (and lower expression of CPD F and HN in vitro), all viruses induced titers of serum HPIV3-neutralizing antibodies similar to wt and provided complete protection against HPIV3 challenge. In summary, CPD of HPIV3 yielded promising vaccine candidates suitable for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmin Afroz
- RNA Viruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Sirle Saul
- RNA Viruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Jin Dai
- RNA Viruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Sonja Surman
- RNA Viruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Xueqiao Liu
- RNA Viruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Hong-Su Park
- RNA Viruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Cyril Le Nouën
- RNA Viruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Matthias Lingemann
- RNA Viruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Bibha Dahal
- RNA Viruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | | | | | - Peter Leon Collins
- RNA Viruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Ursula Johanna Buchholz
- RNA Viruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Shirin Munir
- RNA Viruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
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Abstract
We have developed a flexible platform for delivery of proteins to target cell interiors using paramyxovirus-like particles. The key enabling feature is an appendage, 15-30 amino acid residues in length, that is added to cargo proteins and that induces them to bind to the viral matrix (M) protein during virus-like particle (VLP) assembly. The cargo is then incorporated within the VLPs as they bud, using the same interactions that normally direct viral genome packaging. The appendage can also serve as an epitope tag for cargo detection using a nucleocapsid (NP) protein-specific monoclonal antibody. Using this approach, we generated Renilla luciferase-loaded VLPs, GFP-loaded VLPs, superoxide dismutase-loaded VLPs, and Cre recombinase-loaded VLPs. In each case, the VLPs could efficiently deliver their functional cargos to target cells, and in the case of Cre recombinase, to target cell nuclei. The strategy was employed using two different VLP production platforms, one based on parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5) and the other based on Nipah virus, and in both cases efficient cargo packaging and delivery could be achieved. These findings provide a foundation for development of paramyxovirus-like particles as tools for safe and efficient delivery of therapeutic proteins to cells and tissues. IMPORTANCE Therapeutic proteins including transcription factors and genome editors have enormous clinical potential but are currently limited in part due to the challenges of safely and efficiently delivering these proteins to the interiors of target cells. Here, we have developed a new strategy for protein delivery based on manipulation of paramyxovirus genome packaging interactions.
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Identification of the Functional Domain of HPIV3 Matrix Protein Interacting with Nucleocapsid Protein. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2020:2616172. [PMID: 33457403 PMCID: PMC7787747 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2616172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Human parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV3) is the main pathogen that causes respiratory infections in infants, young children, and the elderly. Currently, there are no vaccines and effective anti-infective drugs. Studying the replication and proliferation mechanism of HPIV3 is helpful for exploring the targets of anti-HPIV3 infection. Matrix protein (M) and nucleocapsid protein (N) are two key structural proteins of HPIV3 that exert important functions in HPIV3 proliferation. Herein, we aim to clarify the functional domains of M and N interaction. HPIV3 M and N expression plasmids of pCAGGS-HA-M and pCAGGS-N-Myc/Flag, M C-terminal truncation mutant plasmids of pCAGGSHA-MΔC120, MΔC170, MΔC190, and MΔC210, and M C-terminal plasmid of pCAGGS-HA-MC190 and C-terminal deletion mutant plasmid of pCAGGS-MΔN143-182 were constructed. By using immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, and virus-like particle (VLP) germination experiments, we found that N was encapsulated into M-mediated VLP through N and M interaction. Moreover, the C-terminus of the M played a key role in the interaction between M and N. The C-terminus of the M encapsulated the N into the VLP. We finally determined that the 143-182 amino acids in the M were the functional regions that encapsulated the N into the M-mediated VLP. Our findings confirmed the interaction between M and N and for the first time clarified that the 143-182 amino acid region in M was the functional region that interacted with N, which provides a molecular basis for exploring effective anti-HPIV3 targets.
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Frey A, Lunding LP, Ehlers JC, Weckmann M, Zissler UM, Wegmann M. More Than Just a Barrier: The Immune Functions of the Airway Epithelium in Asthma Pathogenesis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:761. [PMID: 32411147 PMCID: PMC7198799 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic bronchial asthma is a chronic disease of the airways that is characterized by symptoms like respiratory distress, chest tightness, wheezing, productive cough, and acute episodes of broncho-obstruction. This symptom-complex arises on the basis of chronic allergic inflammation of the airway wall. Consequently, the airway epithelium is central to the pathogenesis of this disease, because its multiple abilities directly have an impact on the inflammatory response and thus the formation of the disease. In turn, its structure and functions are markedly impaired by the inflammation. Hence, the airway epithelium represents a sealed, self-cleaning barrier, that prohibits penetration of inhaled allergens, pathogens, and other noxious agents into the body. This barrier is covered with mucus that further contains antimicrobial peptides and antibodies that are either produced or specifically transported by the airway epithelium in order to trap these particles and to remove them from the body by a process called mucociliary clearance. Once this first line of defense of the lung is overcome, airway epithelial cells are the first cells to get in contact with pathogens, to be damaged or infected. Therefore, these cells release a plethora of chemokines and cytokines that not only induce an acute inflammatory reaction but also have an impact on the alignment of the following immune reaction. In case of asthma, all these functions are impaired by the already existing allergic immune response that per se weakens the barrier integrity and self-cleaning abilities of the airway epithelium making it more vulnerable to penetration of allergens as well as of infection by bacteria and viruses. Recent studies indicate that the history of allergy- and pathogen-derived insults can leave some kind of memory in these cells that can be described as imprinting or trained immunity. Thus, the airway epithelium is in the center of processes that lead to formation, progression and acute exacerbation of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Frey
- Division of Mucosal Immunology and Diagnostics, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany.,Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Lars P Lunding
- Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany.,Division of Asthma Exacerbation & Regulation, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany
| | - Johanna C Ehlers
- Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany.,Division of Experimental Pneumology, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany
| | - Markus Weckmann
- Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergology, University Children's Hospital, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ulrich M Zissler
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany.,Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), CPC-M, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Wegmann
- Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany.,Division of Asthma Exacerbation & Regulation, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany
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Donaldson B, Lateef Z, Walker GF, Young SL, Ward VK. Virus-like particle vaccines: immunology and formulation for clinical translation. Expert Rev Vaccines 2018; 17:833-849. [PMID: 30173619 PMCID: PMC7103734 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2018.1516552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines face significant challenges in their translation from laboratory models, to routine clinical administration. While some VLP vaccines thrive and are readily adopted into the vaccination schedule, others are restrained by regulatory obstacles, proprietary limitations, or finding their niche amongst the crowded vaccine market. Often the necessity to supplant an existing vaccination regimen possesses an immediate obstacle for the development of a VLP vaccine, despite any preclinical advantages identified over the competition. Novelty, adaptability and formulation compatibility may prove invaluable in helping place VLP vaccines at the forefront of vaccination technology. AREAS COVERED The purpose of this review is to outline the diversity of VLP vaccines, VLP-specific immune responses, and to explore how modern formulation and delivery techniques can enhance the clinical relevance and overall success of VLP vaccines. EXPERT COMMENTARY The role of formation science, with an emphasis on the diversity of immune responses induced by VLP, is underrepresented amongst clinical trials for VLP vaccines. Harnessing such diversity, particularly through the use of combinations of select excipients and adjuvants, will be paramount in the development of VLP vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Braeden Donaldson
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology , School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand.,b Department of Pathology , Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand
| | - Zabeen Lateef
- c Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand
| | - Greg F Walker
- d School of Pharmacy , University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand
| | - Sarah L Young
- b Department of Pathology , Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand
| | - Vernon K Ward
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology , School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand
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Henipavirus Infection: Natural History and the Virus-Host Interplay. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40506-018-0155-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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