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Gizaw F, Kekeba T, Teshome F, Kebede M, Abreham T, Berhe HH, Ayana D, Edao BM, Waktole H, Tufa TB, Abunna F, Beyi AF, Abdi RD. Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains Thrive in Dairy and Beef Production, Processing, and Supply Lines in Five Geographical Areas in Ethiopia. Vet Sci 2023; 10:663. [PMID: 38133214 PMCID: PMC10747641 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10120663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Livestock, farms, abattoirs, and food supply systems can become the source of foodborne pathogens, including S. aureus, in the absence of monitoring, general hygienic practices, and control. Studies are scarce on reservoirs (hiding places) and routes of entry of S. aureus into the food supply chain in Ethiopia. To fill these gaps, we evaluated the role of cows (milk), meat, equipment, and food handlers on the abundance and AMR of S. aureus in five geographical areas in central Oromia, Ethiopia. We isolated S. aureus from 10 different ecologies per area in 5 areas and tested their sensitivity to 14 antimicrobials of 9 different classes. We ranked the 5 areas and 10 ecologies by computing their multiple AMR index (MARI) at a cut-off value of 0.2 to determine 'high-risk' ecologies for AMR. We recorded as MDR if an isolate had resistance to ≥3 antimicrobial classes. We used a circos diagram to analyze if isolates with identical AMR patterns were shared between different ecologies. S. aureus is prevalent in central Oromia (16.1-18.3%), higher in dairy farms than in abattoirs, and varied among 10 ecologies (p < 0.001) but not among 5 areas (p > 0.05). Of the 92 isolates, 94.6% were penicillin-resistant. Their AMR prevalence was above 40% for 9 of 14 antimicrobials. All isolates (100%) had AMR in at least one antimicrobial class (range = 1-9; median = 5), indicating MDR was prevalent. The prevalence of MDR S. aureus varied (p < 0.05) among areas and 10 ecologies; the highest was in slaughter lines. All isolates had a MARI of >0.2, indicating drug overuse, and S. aureus's AMR burden is high in central Oromia. Dairy farms had higher MARI values (0.44) than abattoirs (0.39). Of 10 ecologies, the highest and lowest MARI values were in the beef supply chain, i.e., slaughter line (0.67) and butcher's hand (0.25). Of the 68 different AMR patterns by 92 isolates against 14 antimicrobials, 53 patterns (77.9%) were unique to individual isolates, indicating they were phenotypically dissimilar. MDR S. aureus was widespread in central Oromia in dairy and meat supply chains, contaminating milk, meat, equipment, and workers in farm and abattoir settings. In the absence of strict regulations and interventions, MDR S. aureus can be disseminated from these epicenters to the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fikru Gizaw
- School of Veterinary Science, Arsi University, Assella P.O. Box 193, Ethiopia;
| | - Tolera Kekeba
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu P.O. Box 34, Ethiopia; (T.K.); (F.T.); (M.K.); (T.A.); (H.H.B.); (D.A.); (B.M.E.); (H.W.); (T.B.T.); (F.A.)
| | - Fikadu Teshome
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu P.O. Box 34, Ethiopia; (T.K.); (F.T.); (M.K.); (T.A.); (H.H.B.); (D.A.); (B.M.E.); (H.W.); (T.B.T.); (F.A.)
| | - Matewos Kebede
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu P.O. Box 34, Ethiopia; (T.K.); (F.T.); (M.K.); (T.A.); (H.H.B.); (D.A.); (B.M.E.); (H.W.); (T.B.T.); (F.A.)
| | - Tekeste Abreham
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu P.O. Box 34, Ethiopia; (T.K.); (F.T.); (M.K.); (T.A.); (H.H.B.); (D.A.); (B.M.E.); (H.W.); (T.B.T.); (F.A.)
| | - Halefom Hishe Berhe
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu P.O. Box 34, Ethiopia; (T.K.); (F.T.); (M.K.); (T.A.); (H.H.B.); (D.A.); (B.M.E.); (H.W.); (T.B.T.); (F.A.)
| | - Dinka Ayana
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu P.O. Box 34, Ethiopia; (T.K.); (F.T.); (M.K.); (T.A.); (H.H.B.); (D.A.); (B.M.E.); (H.W.); (T.B.T.); (F.A.)
| | - Bedaso Mammo Edao
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu P.O. Box 34, Ethiopia; (T.K.); (F.T.); (M.K.); (T.A.); (H.H.B.); (D.A.); (B.M.E.); (H.W.); (T.B.T.); (F.A.)
| | - Hika Waktole
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu P.O. Box 34, Ethiopia; (T.K.); (F.T.); (M.K.); (T.A.); (H.H.B.); (D.A.); (B.M.E.); (H.W.); (T.B.T.); (F.A.)
| | - Takele Beyene Tufa
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu P.O. Box 34, Ethiopia; (T.K.); (F.T.); (M.K.); (T.A.); (H.H.B.); (D.A.); (B.M.E.); (H.W.); (T.B.T.); (F.A.)
| | - Fufa Abunna
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu P.O. Box 34, Ethiopia; (T.K.); (F.T.); (M.K.); (T.A.); (H.H.B.); (D.A.); (B.M.E.); (H.W.); (T.B.T.); (F.A.)
| | - Ashenafi Feyisa Beyi
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
| | - Reta Duguma Abdi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Long Island University, Greenvale, NY 11548, USA
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Umbach AK, Fernando C, Hill JE, Neufeld JD. Evaluating cpn60 for high-resolution profiling of the mammalian skin microbiome and detection of phylosymbiosis. ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:69. [PMID: 37419988 PMCID: PMC10328941 DOI: 10.1038/s43705-023-00276-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite being the most widely used phylogenetic marker for amplicon-based profiling of microbial communities, limited phylogenetic resolution of the 16S rRNA gene limits its use for studies of host-microbe co-evolution. In contrast, the cpn60 gene is a universal phylogenetic marker with greater sequence variation capable of species-level resolution. This research compared mammalian skin microbial profiles generated from cpn60 and 16S rRNA gene sequencing approaches, testing for patterns of phylosymbiosis that suggest co-evolutionary host-microbe associations. An ~560 bp fragment of the cpn60 gene was amplified with universal primers and subjected to high-throughput sequencing. Taxonomic classification of cpn60 sequences was completed using a naïve-Bayesian QIIME2 classifier created for this project, trained with an NCBI-supplemented curated cpn60 database (cpnDB_nr). The cpn60 dataset was then compared to published 16S rRNA gene amplicon data. Beta diversity comparisons of microbial community profiles generated with cpn60 and 16S rRNA gene amplicons were not significantly different, based on Procrustes analysis of Bray-Curtis and UniFrac distances. Despite similar relationships among skin microbial profiles, improved phylogenetic resolution provided by the cpn60 gene sequencing permitted observations of phylosymbiosis between microbial community profiles and their mammalian hosts that were not previously observed with 16S rRNA gene profiles. Subsequent investigation of Staphylococcaceae taxa using the cpn60 gene showed increased phylogenetic resolution compared the 16S rRNA gene profiles, revealing potential co-evolutionary host-microbe associations. Overall, our results demonstrate that 16S rRNA and cpn60 marker genes generate comparable microbial community composition patterns while cpn60 better facilitates analyses, such as phylosymbiosis, that require increased phylogenetic resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander K Umbach
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Champika Fernando
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Janet E Hill
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Josh D Neufeld
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
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Zhang XD, Gu B, Usman M, Tang JW, Li ZK, Zhang XQ, Yan JW, Wang L. Recent Progress in the Diagnosis of Staphylococcus in Clinical Settings. Infect Dis (Lond) 2022. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.108524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococci are mainly found on the skin or in the nose. These bacteria are typically friendly, causing no harm to healthy individuals or resulting in only minor issues that can go away on their own. However, under certain circumstances, staphylococcal bacteria could invade the bloodstream, affect the entire body, and lead to life-threatening problems like septic shock. In addition, antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus is another issue because of its difficulty in the treatment of infections, such as the notorious methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) which is resistant to most of the currently known antibiotics. Therefore, rapid and accurate diagnosis of Staphylococcus and characterization of the antibiotic resistance profiles are essential in clinical settings for efficient prevention, control, and treatment of the bacteria. This chapter highlights recent advances in the diagnosis of Staphylococci in clinical settings with a focus on the advanced technique of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), which will provide a framework for the real-world applications of novel diagnostic techniques in medical laboratories via bench-top instruments and at the bedside through point-of-care devices.
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Chen X, Wang H, Liu C, Qi Y, Guo W. Technical note: Development of a closed-tube isothermal multiple self-matching-initiated amplification assay for visual detection of Staphylococcus aureus in milk samples. J Dairy Sci 2020; 104:3569-3574. [PMID: 33358821 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common mastitis-causing bacteria in dairy cows. It is associated with reduced production performance in animals and with huge financial losses for the dairy industry worldwide. An accurate and sensitive method for the early diagnosis and identification of Staph. aureus in milk samples is essential. The present study aimed to establish a closed-tube isothermal multiple self-matching-initiated amplification (IMSA) technique for visual confirmation of the presence of Staph. aureus targeting the nuc conserved sequence gene. The specific primers successfully amplified the target sequence within 45 min at 63°C reaction temperature and using the optimal components of the reaction system. The positive amplicon showed bright green fluorescence under UV light when mixed with the chromogenic substrate SYBR Green I, and the negative samples remained orange in color. We observed fluorescence and a ladder-like pattern in the IMSA amplicon for all Staph. aureus strains, and we observed no significant change for the non-Staph. aureus strains. The IMSA assay had high specificity compared with loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP): it confirmed the presence of all 7 Staph. aureus strains, and we found no false-positive results for the 12 non-Staph. aureus strains. The lower limit of detection for the IMSA assay was 1 × 102 cfu/mL, 10-fold more sensitive than the results obtained using LAMP. We also successfully applied the IMSA assay to confirm the presence of Staph. aureus in milk samples of cows with mastitis, and the results were consistent with those of LAMP and real-time PCR. The present study reports the use of IMSA to confirm the presence of Staph. aureus and provides a potentially useful method for rapid preliminary screening for Staph. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelong Chen
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and Health, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Honghai Wang
- Daqing Agricultural and Rural Bureau, Daqing 163000, China
| | - Chang Liu
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Yanping Qi
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and Health, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China.
| | - Weina Guo
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China.
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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from chicken meat and giblets often produces staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) in non-refrigerated raw chicken livers. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 328:108669. [PMID: 32497922 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is responsible for several difficult-to-treat infections and staphylococcal food poisoning (SFP). This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence and enterotoxigenicity of MRSA in broiler chicken meat and giblets. A total of 5.5% (8/144) of the examined samples were contaminated with mecA positive/mecC negative MRSA, with staphylococcal counts of approximately 102 colony forming units (CFU)/g in breast, leg and gizzard samples and approximately 3.3 × 103 CFU/g in frozen liver samples. Most MRSA isolates (75%, 6/8) harboured the staphylococcal enterotoxin B (seb) gene. Reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) showed that MRSA isolates initiated SEB production in experimentally contaminated chicken livers within 24 h of storage at temperatures over 8 °C. SEB was maximally produced at 24 °C when the MRSA counts reached 7.3 × 103 ± 1.2 × 103 CFU/g sample homogenate. The current study concludes that the main broiler chicken MRSA isolates in Egypt harbour the seb gene. To mitigate possible SEB production, especially in broiler chicken livers, a maximum "out of refrigeration" time limit should be implemented for cold chain poultry products.
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Amer S, Gálvez FLA, Fukuda Y, Tada C, Jimenez IL, Valle WFM, Nakai Y. Prevalence and etiology of mastitis in dairy cattle in El Oro Province, Ecuador. J Vet Med Sci 2018; 80:861-868. [PMID: 29643295 PMCID: PMC6021881 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study described the occurrence of clinical and subclinical forms of mastitis in 250
cattle from 5 dairy farms around the cities of Santa Rosa and Machala, El Oro Province,
Ecuador. Clinical mastitis (CM) was determined based on obvious changes in milk (mild),
signs of inflammation in the udder (moderate), and/or generalized clinical symptoms
(severe). Subclinical mastitis (SCM) was assessed using the California mastitis test. CM
and SCM were detected in 30 (12.0%) and 150 (60%) of the 250 tested cattle, respectively.
Prevalence at the udder quarter level was 57.7% (577/1,000), which was higher among
forequarters (369/577; 63.9%) than hindquarters. Of the 577 mastitic milk samples
subjected to microbiological analysis, 35 were excluded due to contamination and 20 tested
negative. Identification of bacterial isolates revealed that 33.3% of the 93 CM samples
contained coliforms, 25.8% coagulase-positive staphylococci, 20.4% coagulase-negative
staphylococci (CNS), 9.7% streptococci, 7.5% Bacillus spp., and 3.2%
Klebsiella spp. Bacterial profiling of the 429 SCM milk samples showed
that 55.4% contained CNS, 22.1% Bacillus spp., 9.3% streptococci, and
6.1% coagulase-positive staphylococci. In vitro antibiotic susceptibility
testing of the obtained isolates indicated that all were susceptible to amoxicillin,
ampicillin, cefotaxime, enrofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, gentamicin, and
neomycin. No multidrug-resistant strains were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said Amer
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Tecnica de Machala (UTMACH), Ecuador.,Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kafr El Sheikh University, Kafr El Sheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Fernando Lenin Aguilar Gálvez
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Tecnica de Machala (UTMACH), Ecuador
| | - Yasuhiro Fukuda
- Laboratory of Sustainable Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 232-3 Yomogida, Naruko-onsen, Osaki, Miyagi 989-6711, Japan
| | - Chika Tada
- Laboratory of Sustainable Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 232-3 Yomogida, Naruko-onsen, Osaki, Miyagi 989-6711, Japan
| | - Ivan Ludeña Jimenez
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Tecnica de Machala (UTMACH), Ecuador
| | - Wunster Favian Maza Valle
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Tecnica de Machala (UTMACH), Ecuador
| | - Yutaka Nakai
- Laboratory of Sustainable Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 232-3 Yomogida, Naruko-onsen, Osaki, Miyagi 989-6711, Japan
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Wang D, Zhang L, Zhou X, He Y, Yong C, Shen M, Szenci O, Han B. Antimicrobial susceptibility, virulence genes, and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis of Staphylococcus aureus recovered from bovine mastitis in Ningxia, China. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:9560-9569. [PMID: 27771092 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureusis the leading pathogen involved inbovine mastitis, but knowledgeabout antimicrobial resistance, virulence factors, and genotypes of Staphylococcus aureus resulting in bovine mastitis in Ningxia, China, is limited. Therefore, antimicrobial susceptibility, virulence gene, and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analyses of Staph. aureus were carried out. A total of 327 milk samples from cows with clinical and subclinical mastitis in 4 regions of Ningxia were used for the isolation and identification of pathogens according to phenotypic and molecular characteristics. Antimicrobial susceptibility against 22 antimicrobial agents was determined by disk diffusion. The presence of 8 virulence genes in Staph. aureus isolates was tested by PCR. Genotypes of isolates were investigated based on RAPD. Results showed that 35 isolates obtained from mastitis milk samples were identified as Staph. aureus. The isolates were resistant to sulfamethoxazole (100%), penicillin G (94.3%), ampicillin (94.3%), erythromycin (68.6%), azithromycin (68.6%), clindamycin (25.7%), amoxicillin (11.4%), and tetracycline (5.7%). All of the isolates contained one or more virulence genes with average (standard deviation) of 6.6±1.6. The most prevalent virulence genes were hlb (97.1%), followed by fnbpA, hla, coa (94.3% each), nuc (85.7%), fnbpB (80%), clfA (77.1%), and tsst-1 (40%). Nine different gene patterns were found and 3 of them were the dominant gene combinations (77.1%). Staphylococcus aureus isolates (n=35) were divided into 6 genotypes by RAPD tying, the genotypes III and VI were the most prevalent genotypes. There was greatvariation in genotypes of Staph. aureus isolates, not only among different farms, but also within the same herd in Ningxia province. The study showed a high incidence of Staph. aureus with genomic variation of resistance genes, which is matter of great concern in public and animal health in Ningxia province of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan Ningxia 750021, China
| | - Limei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xuezhang Zhou
- College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan Ningxia 750021, China
| | - Yulong He
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Changfu Yong
- Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center of Shapotou District, Zhongwei, Ningxia 755000, China
| | - Mingliang Shen
- Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Bureau of Shizuishan, Shizuishan, Ningxia 753000, China
| | - Otto Szenci
- Magyar Tudományos Akadémia-Szent István Egyetem Large Animal Research Group, Üllő - Dóra major, H-2225 Hungary
| | - Bo Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Biological Activity and Molecular Structures of Bis(benzimidazole) and Trithiocyanurate Complexes. Molecules 2015; 20:10360-76. [PMID: 26053490 PMCID: PMC6272323 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200610360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
1-(1H-Benzimidazol-2-yl)-N-(1H-benzimidazol-2-ylmethyl)methanamine (abb) and 2-(1H-benzimidazol-2-ylmethylsulfanylmethyl)-1H-benzimidazole (tbb) have been prepared and characterized by elemental analysis. These bis(benzimidazoles) have been further used in combination with trithiocyanuric acid for the preparation of complexes. The crystal and molecular structures of two of them have been solved. Each nickel atom in the structure of trinuclear complex [Ni3(abb)3(H2O)3(μ-ttc)](ClO4)3·3H2O·EtOH (1), where ttcH3 = trithiocyanuric acid, is coordinated with three N atoms of abb, the N,S donor set of ttc anion and an oxygen of a water molecule. The crystal of [(tbbH2)(ttcH2)2(ttcH3)(H2O)] (2) is composed of a protonated bis(benzimidazole), two ttcH2 anions, ttcH3 and water. The structure is stabilized by a network of hydrogen bonds. These compounds were primarily synthesized for their potential antimicrobial activity and hence their possible use in the treatment of infections caused by bacteria or yeasts (fungi). The antimicrobial and antifungal activity of the prepared compounds have been evaluated on a wide spectrum of bacterial and yeast strains and clinical specimens isolated from patients with infectious wounds and the best antimicrobial properties were observed in strains after the use of ligand abb and complex 1, when at least 80% growth inhibition was achieved.
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Study of linkage between glutathione pathway and the antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli from patients' swabs. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:7210-29. [PMID: 25837469 PMCID: PMC4425013 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16047210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we focused on the differences between bacterial cultures of E. coli obtained from swabs of infectious wounds of patients compared to laboratory E. coli. In addition, blocking of the protein responsible for the synthesis of glutathione (γ-glutamylcysteine synthase—GCL) using 10 mM buthionine sulfoximine was investigated. Each E. coli showed significant differences in resistance to antibiotics. According to the determined resistance, E. coli were divided into experimental groups based on a statistical evaluation of their properties as more resistant and more sensitive. These groups were also used for finding the differences in a dependence of the glutathione pathway on resistance to antibiotics. More sensitive E. coli showed the same kinetics of glutathione synthesis while blocking GCL (Km 0.1 µM), as compared to non-blocking. In addition, the most frequent mutations in genes of glutathione synthetase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase were observed in this group compared to laboratory E.coli. The group of “more resistant” E. coli exhibited differences in Km between 0.3 and 0.8 µM. The number of mutations compared to the laboratory E. coli was substantially lower compared to the other group.
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Gao H, Yang S, Han J, Xiong J, Kong W, Li C, Liao G, Fu Z. Double-site recognition of pathogenic bacterial whole cells based on an antibiotic-affinity strategy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:12497-500. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc02814k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
An antibiotic-affinity strategy was designed for direct assaying whole cells of a pathogenic bacterium based on the strong affinity of the antibiotic agent to bind to the cell wall of the bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Ministry of Education)
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400716
- China
| | - Shijia Yang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Ministry of Education)
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400716
- China
| | - Jing Han
- Department of Pharmacy
- People's Hospital of Gansu Province
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | - Jie Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Ministry of Education)
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400716
- China
| | - Weijun Kong
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Ministry of Education)
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400716
- China
| | - Chong Li
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Ministry of Education)
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400716
- China
| | - Guojian Liao
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Ministry of Education)
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400716
- China
| | - Zhifeng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Ministry of Education)
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400716
- China
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Chudobova D, Cihalova K, Skalickova S, Zitka J, Rodrigo MAM, Milosavljevic V, Hynek D, Kopel P, Vesely R, Adam V, Kizek R. 3D-printed chip for detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus labeled with gold nanoparticles. Electrophoresis 2014; 36:457-66. [PMID: 25069433 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a dangerous pathogen occurring not only in hospitals but also in foodstuff. Currently, discussions on the issue of the increasing resistance, and timely and rapid diagnostic of resistance strains have become more frequent and sought. Therefore, the aim of this study was to design an effective platform for DNA isolation from different species of microorganisms as well as the amplification of mecA gene that encodes the resistance to β-lactam antibiotic formation and is contained in MRSA. For this purpose, we fabricated 3D-printed chip that was suitable for bacterial cultivation, DNA isolation, PCR, and detection of amplified gene using gold nanoparticle (AuNP) probes as an indicator of MRSA. Confirmation of the MRSA presence in the samples was based on a specific interaction between mecA gene with the AuNP probes and a colorimetric detection, which utilized the noncross-linking aggregation phenomenon of DNA-functionalized AuNPs. To test the whole system, we analyzed several real refractive indexes, in which two of them were positively scanned to find the presence of mecA gene. The aggregation of AuNP probes were reflected by 75% decrease of absorbance (λ = 530 nm) and change in AuNPs size from 3 ± 0.05 to 4 ± 0.05 nm (n = 5). We provide the one-step identification of mecA gene using the unique platform that employs the rapid, low-cost, and easy-to-use colorimetric method for MRSA detection in various samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar Chudobova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka, Brno, Czech Republic
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Viora L, Graham EM, Mellor DJ, Reynolds K, Simoes PBA, Geraghty TE. Evaluation of a culture-based pathogen identification kit for bacterial causes of bovine mastitis. Vet Rec 2014; 175:89. [PMID: 25013087 DOI: 10.1136/vr.102499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Accurate identification of mastitis-causing bacteria supports effective management and can be used to implement selective use of antimicrobials for treatment. The objectives of this study were to compare the results from a culture-based mastitis pathogen detection test kit ('VetoRapid', Vétoquinol) with standard laboratory culture and to evaluate the potential suitability of the test kit to inform a selective treatment programme. Overall 231 quarter milk samples from five UK dairy farms were collected. The sensitivity and specificity of the test kit for the identification of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci, Streptococcus uberis and Enterococcus spp. ranged from 17 per cent to 84 per cent and 92 per cent to 98 per cent, respectively. In total, 23 of 68 clinical samples were assigned as meeting the requirement for antimicrobial treatment (Gram-positive organism cultured) according to standard culture results, with the test kit results having sensitivity and specificity of 91 per cent and 78 per cent, respectively. Several occurrences of misidentification are reported, including S. aureus being misidentified as coagulase-negative staphylococci and vice versa. The test kit provides rapid preliminary identification of five common causes of bovine mastitis under UK field conditions and is likely to be suitable for informing selective treatment of clinical mastitis caused by Gram-positive organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Viora
- Scottish Centre for Production Animal Health and Food Safety, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - E M Graham
- Infectious Diseases Diagnostic Unit, Veterinary Diagnostic Services, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - D J Mellor
- Scottish Centre for Production Animal Health and Food Safety, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - K Reynolds
- Infectious Diseases Diagnostic Unit, Veterinary Diagnostic Services, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - P B A Simoes
- Scottish Centre for Production Animal Health and Food Safety, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - T E Geraghty
- Scottish Centre for Production Animal Health and Food Safety, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
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Moving towards the immunodiagnosis of staphylococcal intramammary infections. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2014; 33:2095-104. [PMID: 24947175 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-014-2181-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Bovine mastitis is the primary disease of dairy cattle that has a great impact on the dairy industry. It is estimated that worldwide economic losses due to mastitis range between US$82 and US$131 per cow/year. A fast and efficient diagnosis of the disease remains a major bottleneck that directly influences the speed with which treatment decisions and management are undertaken. Microbiological culture remains the gold standard in the identification of bacteria that cause mastitis, but the method has inherent limitations, such as a delay in obtaining results and cost, and requires special care during the collection and processing of the sample. For this reason, multiple groups have devoted efforts to develop alternative methods that, preferably, can be easily accomplished in the field. The specificity of the antigen-antibody reaction has enabled the emergence of major diagnostic methods used in clinical practice, such as immunoassays, which have significant advantages in terms of speed, sensitivity, specificity, and portability. Commercially, immunodiagnostics have been used in the detection of various diseases in cattle. However, in several cases, only a presumptive diagnosis can be made, which requires confirmation using culture-based methods. This review discusses the immunological-based assays developed since the 1990s for the detection of Staphylococcus aureus, which is considered the primary pathogen of contagious bovine mastitis. Although no ideal antigens ensure the accurate performance of tests and the costs need to be reduced to allow for good market competitiveness, immunoassays, particularly lateral flow immunoassay and immunoagglutination, have emerged as promising tests to be used in the field.
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