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Safaei M, Goodarzi A, Abpeikar Z, Farmani AR, Kouhpayeh SA, Najafipour S, Jafari Najaf Abadi MH. Determination of key hub genes in Leishmaniasis as potential factors in diagnosis and treatment based on a bioinformatics study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:22537. [PMID: 39342024 PMCID: PMC11438978 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-73779-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is an infectious disease caused by protozoan parasites from different species of leishmania. The disease is transmitted by female sandflies that carry these parasites. In this study, datasets on leishmaniasis published in the GEO database were analyzed and summarized. The analysis in all three datasets (GSE43880, GSE55664, and GSE63931) used in this study has been performed on the skin wounds of patients infected with a clinical form of leishmania (Leishmania braziliensis), and biopsies have been taken from them. To identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between leishmaniasis patients and controls, the robust rank aggregation (RRA) procedure was applied. We performed gene functional annotation and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis to demonstrate the putative functionalities of the DEGs. The study utilized Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE), Gene Ontology (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) to detect molecular complexes within the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and conduct analyses on the identified functional modules. The CytoHubba plugin's results were paired with RRA analysis to determine the hub genes. Finally, the interaction between miRNAs and hub genes was predicted. Based on the RRA integrated analysis, 407 DEGs were identified (263 up-regulated genes and 144 down-regulated genes). The top three modules were listed after creating the PPI network via the MCODE plug. Seven hub genes were found using the CytoHubba app and RRA: CXCL10, GBP1, GNLY, GZMA, GZMB, NKG7, and UBD. According to our enrichment analysis, these functional modules were primarily associated with immune pathways, cytokine activity/signaling pathways, and inflammation pathways. However, a UBD hub gene is interestingly involved in the ubiquitination pathways of pathogenesis. The mirNet database predicted the hub gene's interaction with miRNAs, and results revealed that several miRNAs, including mir-146a-5p, crucial in fighting pathogenesis. The key hub genes discovered in this work may be considered as potential biomarkers in diagnosis, development of agonists/antagonist, novel vaccine design, and will greatly contribute to clinical studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Safaei
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Arash Goodarzi
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Zahra Abpeikar
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Reza Farmani
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Seyed Amin Kouhpayeh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Sohrab Najafipour
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Jafari Najaf Abadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran.
- Research Center for Health Technology Assessment and Medical Informatics, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
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Singh A, Beg MA, Jamal S, Khan A, Rahman A, Selvapandiyan A, Shafi S, Hoda N. Robust leishmanicidal upshot of some new diphenyl triazine-based molecules. RSC Adv 2024; 14:22587-22597. [PMID: 39021460 PMCID: PMC11253633 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01904k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Amongst the neglected tropical diseases, leishmaniasis alone causes 30 000 deaths annually due to the protozoan parasite genus Leishmania. Existing therapies have serious drawbacks in safety, drug resistance, field-adapted application and cost. Therefore, new safer and shorter treatments are an urgent need of the time. Herein, we report the synthesis of fifteen novel diphenyl triazine and diphenyl triazine pyrimidine derivatives and their antileishmanial properties against Leishmania donovani, that causes fatal visceral leishmaniasis. Most of the synthesized analogues exhibited more than 90% inhibition against the promastigote stage of the parasite. Moreover, compounds T4 and T7 showed potent activity against extracellular promastigote (IC50 = 1.074 μM and IC50 = 1.158 μM) as compared to miltefosine (IC50 = 1.477 μM) and is nontoxic towards the host THP-1 macrophage cell line. Interestingly, compound T4 exhibited significant activity against amastigotes (7.186 μM) and induced the macrophages to prevent the survival of the parasite. Our results indicate that T4 represents a new structural lead for this serious and neglected disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Drug Design and Synthesis Lab., Jamia Millia Islamia Jamia Nagar New Delhi 110025 India +0091-11-26985507 +0091-9910200655
| | - Mirza Adil Beg
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard New Delhi 110062 India
| | - Samra Jamal
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard New Delhi 110062 India
| | - Arif Khan
- Department of Chemistry, SCLS, Jamia Hamdard New Delhi 110062 India
| | - Abdur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Drug Design and Synthesis Lab., Jamia Millia Islamia Jamia Nagar New Delhi 110025 India +0091-11-26985507 +0091-9910200655
| | | | - Syed Shafi
- Department of Chemistry, SCLS, Jamia Hamdard New Delhi 110062 India
| | - Nasimul Hoda
- Department of Chemistry, Drug Design and Synthesis Lab., Jamia Millia Islamia Jamia Nagar New Delhi 110025 India +0091-11-26985507 +0091-9910200655
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Essid R, Damergi B, Fares N, Jallouli S, Limam F, Tabbene O. Synergistic combination of Cinnamomum verum and Syzygium aromaticum treatment for cutaneous leishmaniasis and investigation of their molecular mechanism of action. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024; 34:2687-2701. [PMID: 37855230 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2023.2267470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Combination therapy at appropriately suitable doses presents a promising alternative to monotherapeutic drugs. In this study, Cinnamomum verum and Syzygium aromaticum essential oils and their major compounds have exhibited substantial leishmaniacidal potential against both promastigote and amastigote forms of Leishmania (L.) major. However, they displayed high cytotoxicity against Raw264.7 macrophage cells. Interestingly, when combined with each other or with amphotericin B, they demonstrated a synergistic effect (FIC<0.5) with low cytotoxicity. These combinations are able to modulate the production of nitric oxide (NO) by macrophages. Notably, the combination of S. aromaticum Essential oil with amphotericin B stimulates macrophage cells by increasing NO production to eliminate leishmanial parasites. Furthermore, investigation of the molecular mechanism of action of these synergistic combinations reveals potent inhibition of the sterol pathway through the inhibition of the CYP51 gene expression. The findings suggest that combination therapy may offer significant therapeutic benefits in both food and pharmaceutical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rym Essid
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Biotechnology Center of Borj-Cedria Technopole, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Bilel Damergi
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Biotechnology Center of Borj-Cedria Technopole, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Nadia Fares
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Biotechnology Center of Borj-Cedria Technopole, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Selim Jallouli
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Biotechnology Center of Borj-Cedria Technopole, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Ferid Limam
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Biotechnology Center of Borj-Cedria Technopole, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Olfa Tabbene
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Biotechnology Center of Borj-Cedria Technopole, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
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Monzote L, Machín L, González A, Scull R, Gutiérrez YI, Satyal P, Gille L, Setzer WN. Eugenol-Rich Essential Oil from Pimenta dioica: In Vitro and In Vivo Potentialities against Leishmania amazonensis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 17:64. [PMID: 38256897 PMCID: PMC10819736 DOI: 10.3390/ph17010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Pimenta dioica L. is one the most recognized species with diverse biological activities. In this study, in vitro activity and in vivo efficacy of essential oil from P. dioica (EO-Pd) was evaluated. The main compound was also included in the animal studies and its in silico prediction related to biological activities, molecular ligands, drug likeness, and ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) properties are listed. The chemical composition analyzed by GC-MS retrieved 45 components, which the most abundant compound was the eugenol (80.1%). The EO-Pd was able to inhibit the growth of L. amazonensis (IC50 = 9.7 ± 0.7 and 11.3 ± 2.1 µg/mL, promastigotes and amastigotes, respectively). The cytotoxicity assay showed a CC50 of 104.5 ± 0.9 µg/mL and a selectivity index of 9. In the model of cutaneous leishmaniasis in BALB/c mice, the effect of EO-Pd and eugenol was observed after treatment at 30 mg/kg by intralesional route with 5 administrations every 4 days. In the in silico predictions, some targets that justified the antileishmanial activity of eugenol and good drug like properties for this compound, were obtained. This study showed for first time the potential of EO-Pd to inhibit L. amazonensis, which could be linked to the activity of major compound eugenol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianet Monzote
- Parasitology Department, Center of Research, Diagnostic and Reference, Institute of Tropical Medicine “Pedro Kouri”, Havana 17100, Cuba
- Research Network Natural Products against Neglected Diseases (ResNetNPND), 48149 Munster, Germany
| | - Laura Machín
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy and Food, Havana University, Havana 13600, Cuba
| | - Adiel González
- Parasitology Department, Center of Research, Diagnostic and Reference, Institute of Tropical Medicine “Pedro Kouri”, Havana 17100, Cuba
| | - Ramón Scull
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy and Food, Havana University, Havana 13600, Cuba
| | - Yamilet I. Gutiérrez
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy and Food, Havana University, Havana 13600, Cuba
| | - Prabodh Satyal
- Aromatic Plant Research Center, 230 N 1200 E, Suite 100, Lehi, UT 84043, USA;
| | - Lars Gille
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria;
| | - William N. Setzer
- Research Network Natural Products against Neglected Diseases (ResNetNPND), 48149 Munster, Germany
- Aromatic Plant Research Center, 230 N 1200 E, Suite 100, Lehi, UT 84043, USA;
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
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Yadav N, Sharma K, Sengupta S, Singh S. Triethyl phosphine decorated cerium oxide nanoparticles exhibit selective killing of the unicellular protozoan parasite Leishmania donovani. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:413. [PMID: 38009165 PMCID: PMC10665285 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03813-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, Leishmaniasis affects underprivileged communities of the nations and chemotherapy remains one of the preferred treatment options. However, the cytotoxicity, side effects, and cost of the present chemotherapies limit their utilization. Auranofin [an organogold compound having significant structural similarity with triethyl-phosphine (TEP)] has been reported as an effective therapy for Leishmaniasis treatment. Considering the high cost of gold and the strong affinity of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeNPs) to phosphine ligands, we designed TEP-decorated CeNPs (CeNPs-TEP) and used them as a novel antileishmanial agent. The hydrodynamic size of synthesized CeNPs and CeNPs-TEP was observed to be 22.2 ± 3.7 nm and 92.11 ± 6.2 nm, respectively. CeNPs-TEP provided aqueous stability to TEP as TEP alone is extremely unstable in water. Exposure of CeNPs-TEP showed ~ 60 and ~ 82% cell death in Leishmania donovani Ag83 promastigotes after 24 and 48 h, respectively. The same concentration of CeNPs-TEP did not affect the cellular viability of RAW 264.7 macrophage cells significantly. The oxidative stress and depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane were also observed after the treatment of CeNPs-TEP. Exposure of CeNPs-TEP induced a ~ 2.2-fold increase in ROS generation inside Leishmania donovani Ag83 cells. Dual staining with ethidium bromide and acridine orange reveals that these processes ultimately result in cell death. The results conclude that a combination of CeNPs and TEP could open the door for developing novel antileishmanial therapeutics in the future. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03813-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Yadav
- Division of Biological and Life Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Central Campus, Ahmedabad University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380009 India
| | - Kikku Sharma
- Division of Biological and Life Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Central Campus, Ahmedabad University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380009 India
| | - Souvik Sengupta
- Division of Biological and Life Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Central Campus, Ahmedabad University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380009 India
| | - Sanjay Singh
- Division of Biological and Life Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Central Campus, Ahmedabad University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380009 India
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB), Opposite Journalist Colony, Near Gowlidoddy, Extended Q-City Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Telangana 500032 India
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Pacheco JS, Teixeira ÉMGF, Paschoal RG, Torres-Santos EC, Simone SGDE, Silva-López REDA. Antileishmanial effects of Crotalaria spectabilis Roth aqueous extracts on Leishmania amazonensis. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2023; 95:e20220613. [PMID: 37672397 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202320220613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fifteen polar extracts from leaf, seed, pod, stem, flower and root of Crotalaria spectabilis were prepared using aqueous systems, based on the principles of green chemistry, and showed different protease inhibitor (PI) activities on trypsin, papain, pepsin and the extracellular L. amazonensis serine protease (LSPIII). The most pronounced inhibitory effect on LSPIII was observed in leaf (CS-P), root, stem, flower (CS-FPVPP) and pod (CS-VA) extracts. Crotalaria extracts exhibited low cytotoxicity on macrophages; however, they decreased the viability of L. amazonensis promastigotes and amastigotes, as observed in leaf (CS-AE, CS-P, CS-T and CS-PVPP), seed (CS-ST), flower and root (CS-RA) extracts. CS-P was chosen to study PI and secondary metabolites and a 10-12 kDa protein, analyzed by mass spectrometry, was identified as a serine PI homologous with papaya latex serine PI. Glycosylated flavonoids, such as quercetins, vitexin and tricin were the major secondary metabolites of CS-P. The presence of PIs in C. spectabilis is a new finding, especially in other organs than seeds since PIs have been reported only in seed legumes. Besides, this is the first report of antileishmanial activity of C. spectabilis extracts and the identification of serine polypeptide PI and glycosylated flavonoids from leaf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana S Pacheco
- FIOCRUZ, Departamento de Produtos Naturais, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Farmanguinhos, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- University of Dundee, School of Life Sciences, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, Nethergate, Dundee, DD1 4HN, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Érika Maria G F Teixeira
- FIOCRUZ, Departamento de Produtos Naturais, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Farmanguinhos, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ramon G Paschoal
- FIOCRUZ, Departamento de Produtos Naturais, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Farmanguinhos, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Caio Torres-Santos
- FIOCRUZ, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Bioquímica de Tripanossomatídeos, Avenida Brasil, 4365, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Salvatore Giovanni DE Simone
- FIOCRUZ, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde (CDTS), Instituto Nacional de Ciências e Tecnologia para Inovação em Doenças Negligenciadas (INCT-IDN), Avenida Brasil, 4365, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Raquel Elisa DA Silva-López
- FIOCRUZ, Departamento de Produtos Naturais, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Farmanguinhos, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Ahmed SA, Eltamany EE, Nafie MS, Elhady SS, Karanis P, Mokhtar AB. Anti- Cryptosporidium parvum activity of Artemisia judaica L. and its fractions: in vitro and in vivo assays. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1193810. [PMID: 37476671 PMCID: PMC10354666 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1193810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study investigates the toxic activity of Artemisia judaica ethanolic extract (ArEx) as well as its phenolic fraction (ArPh), and terpenoid fraction (ArT) against Cryptosporidium parvum (C. parvum) oocysts. Methods Over a 4 months period, estimation of the total phenolic (TPC), total flavonoids (TFC), and total terpenoids contents (TTC) in ArEx; investigation of the in vitro antioxidant activity of ArEx, ArPh, and ArT; evaluation of ArEx, ArPh, and ArT toxic activity against C. parvum oocysts using MTT assay; parasitological analysis on ArPh-treated C. parvum oocysts and comet assay were performed both in vitro and in vivo (infectivity). Results The ArEx TPC, TFC, and TTC was 52.6 ± 3.1 mgGAE/g, 64.5 ± 3.1 mg QE/g, and 9.5 ± 1.1 mg Linol/g, respectively. Regarding the phytochemical in vitro antioxidant activity, the ArPh exhibited the highest antioxidant activity compared to the ArEx and ArT. The ArPh showed promising free radical scavenging activity of DPPH and ABTS•+ with IC50 values of 47.27 ± 1.86 μg/mL and 66.89 ± 1.94 μg/mL, respectively. Moreover, the FRAP of ArPh was 2.97 ± 0.65 mMol Fe+2/g while its TAC was 46.23 ± 3.15 mg GAE/g. The ArPh demonstrated toxic activity against C. parvum oocysts with a potent IC50 value of 31.6 μg/mL compared to ArT (promising) and ArEx (non-effective). ArPh parasitological analysis demonstrated MIC90 at 1000 μg/ml and effective oocysts destruction on count and morphology. ArPh fragmented oocysts nuclear DNA in comet assay. Beginning at 200 μg/mL, ArPh-treated oocysts did not infect mice. Conclusion To combat C. parvum infection, the phenolic fraction of A. judaica L. shows promise as an adjuvant therapy or as a source of potentially useful lead structures for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahira A. Ahmed
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Enas E. Eltamany
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S. Nafie
- Department of Chemistry (Biochemistry Program), Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Sameh S. Elhady
- Department of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center for Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Panagiotis Karanis
- University of Cologne, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Basic and Clinical SciencesUniversity of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Amira B. Mokhtar
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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Hughes K, Le TB, Van Der Smissen P, Tyteca D, Mingeot-Leclercq MP, Quetin-Leclercq J. The Antileishmanial Activity of Eugenol Associated with Lipid Storage Reduction Rather Than Membrane Properties Alterations. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093871. [PMID: 37175277 PMCID: PMC10179746 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease that still infects thousands of people per year throughout the world. The occurrence of resistance against major treatments for this disease causes a healthcare burden in low-income countries. Eugenol is a phenylpropanoid that has shown in vitro antileishmanial activity against Leishmania mexicana mexicana (Lmm) promastigotes with an IC50 of 2.72 µg/mL and a high selectivity index. Its specific mechanism of action has yet to be studied. We prepared large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs), mimicking Lmm membranes, and observed that eugenol induced an increase in membrane permeability and a decrease in membrane fluidity at concentrations much higher than IC50. The effect of eugenol was similar to the current therapeutic antibiotic, amphotericin B, although the latter was effective at lower concentrations than eugenol. However, unlike amphotericin B, eugenol also affected the permeability of LUVs without sterol. Its effect on the membrane fluidity of Lmm showed that at high concentrations (≥22.5× IC50), eugenol increased membrane fluidity by 20-30%, while no effect was observed at lower concentrations. Furthermore, at concentrations below 10× IC50, a decrease in metabolic activity associated with the maintenance of membrane integrity revealed a leishmaniostatic effect after 24 h of incubation with Lmm promastigotes. While acidocalcisomes distribution and abundance revealed by Trypanosoma brucei vacuolar H+ pyrophosphatase (TbVP1) immunolabeling was not modified by eugenol, a dose-dependent decrease of lipid droplets assessed by the Nile Red assay was observed. We hereby demonstrate that the antileishmanial activity of eugenol might not directly involve plasma membrane sterols such as ergosterol, but rather target the lipid storage of Lmm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristelle Hughes
- Pharmacognosy Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue E. Mounier 72, B1.72.03, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thanh Binh Le
- Pharmacognosy Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue E. Mounier 72, B1.72.03, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrick Van Der Smissen
- CELL Unit and PICT Imaging Platform, de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 75, B1.75.05, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Donatienne Tyteca
- CELL Unit and PICT Imaging Platform, de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 75, B1.75.05, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marie-Paule Mingeot-Leclercq
- Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology Unit (FACM), Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue E. Mounier 73, B1.73.05, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joëlle Quetin-Leclercq
- Pharmacognosy Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue E. Mounier 72, B1.72.03, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
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Therapeutic potential of Indian medicinal plants against Leishmania donovani: a review. PROCEEDINGS OF THE INDIAN NATIONAL SCIENCE ACADEMY 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s43538-023-00153-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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Iwiński H, Różański H, Pachura N, Wojciechowska A, Gębarowski T, Szumny A. In Vitro Evaluation of Antiprotozoal Properties, Cytotoxicity Effect and Anticancer Activity of New Essential-Oil Based Phytoncide Mixtures. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031395. [PMID: 36771061 PMCID: PMC9921295 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Protozoa, in both humans and animals, are one of the leading causes of disease. International programmes introduced in many countries have helped reduce the incidence of disease. However, it has recently become increasingly difficult to achieve the goals set for the coming years. One of the main reasons for this, as with other pathogenic organisms, such as bacteria and fungi, is the increasing resistance to current methods of treating and preventing infection. Therefore, new therapies with high efficacy are needed. In the present study, the novel mixtures of essential oils (EOs), clove, garlic, Ceylon cinnamon, and rosemary with organic acids (acetic, propionic, lactic) and metal ions (Cu, Mn, Zn) were tested against five selected model protozoa (Euglena gracilis, Gregarina blattarum, Amoeba proteus, Paramecium caudatum, Pentatrichomonas hominis). The cytotoxicity and potential anticancer activity of the obtained combinations were tested on the human fibroblasts (NHDF) and human cancer cell lines (A549, MCF7, LoVo, HT29). All of the mixtures showed very good antiprotozoal properties. The most efficient were the combination of clove and rosemary essential oils, mixtures of acids, and Mn ions. The LD50 values were in the range of 0.001-0.006% and the LD100 values were 0.002-0.008%. All of the tested mixtures did not show cytotoxicity against normal cells, but did show growth inhibition against cancer cell lines. The most cytotoxic against cancer cells were combinations with cinnamon essential oil. Nevertheless, the proposed combinations containing essential oils, organic acids, and metal ions have high antiprotozoal activity, with low toxicity to healthy human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Iwiński
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
- AdiFeed Sp. z o.o., Opaczewska, 02-201 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (H.I.); (H.R.); Tel.: +48-507-135-305 (H.I.)
| | - Henryk Różański
- AdiFeed Sp. z o.o., Opaczewska, 02-201 Warsaw, Poland
- Laboratory of Industrial and Experimental Biology, Institute for Health and Economics, Carpathian State College in Krosno, 38-400 Krosno, Poland
- Correspondence: (H.I.); (H.R.); Tel.: +48-507-135-305 (H.I.)
| | - Natalia Pachura
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Tomasz Gębarowski
- Department of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Antoni Szumny
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
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de Oliveira LRM, de Aquino LVC, Santos MVDO, Freitas VJDF, Bertini LM, Pereira AF. Antioxidant effect of bioactive compounds isolated from Syzygium aromaticum essential oil on the in vitro developmental potential of bovine oocytes. Livest Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2022.104932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Islamuddin M, Ali A, Afzal O, Ali A, Ali I, Altamimi AS, Alamri MA, Kato K, Parveen S. Thymoquinone Induced Leishmanicidal Effect via Programmed Cell Death in Leishmania donovani. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:10718-10728. [PMID: 35382308 PMCID: PMC8973115 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) or kala-azar is a vector-borne dreaded protozoal infection that is caused by the parasite Leishmania donovani. With increases in the dramatic infection rates, present drug toxicity, resistance, and the absence of an approved vaccine, the development of new antileishmanial compounds from plant sources remains the keystone for the control of visceral leishmaniasis. In this study, we evaluated the leishmanicidal effect of thymoquinone against L. donovani with an in vitro and ex vivo model. Thymoquinone exhibited potent antipromastigote activity with IC50 and IC90 concentrations achieved at 6.33 ± 1.21 and 20.71 ± 2.15 μM, respectively, whereas the IC50 and IC90 concentrations were found to be 7.83 ± 1.65 and 27.25 ± 2.20 μM against the intramacrophagic form of amastigotes, respectively. Morphological changes in promastigotes and growth reversibility study following treatment confirmed the leishmanicidal effect of thymoquinone. Further, thymoquinone exhibited leishmanicidal activities against L. donovani promastigote through cytoplasmic shrinkage, membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, cellular and nuclear shrinkage, and DNA fragmentation, as observed under scanning and transmission electron microscopy analyses. The antileishmanial activity was exerted via programmed cell death as proved by exposure of phosphatidylserine, DNA nicking by TUNEL assay, and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Thymoquinone at a concentration of 200 μM was devoid of any cytotoxic effects against mammalian macrophage cells. Thymoquinone showed strong leishmanicidal activity against L. donovani, which is mediated via an apoptosis mode of parasitic cell death, and accordingly, thymoquinone may be the source of a new lead molecule for the cure of VL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Islamuddin
- Molecular
Virology Laboratory, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic
Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
- Laboratory
of Sustainable Animal Environment, Graduate School of Agricultural
Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi 989-6711, Japan
| | - Abuzer Ali
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taif
University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Obaid Afzal
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amena Ali
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Intzar Ali
- Department
of Microbiology, Hamdard Institute of Medical
Sciences & Research, New Delhi 110062, India
| | | | - Mubarak A. Alamri
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kentaro Kato
- Laboratory
of Sustainable Animal Environment, Graduate School of Agricultural
Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi 989-6711, Japan
| | - Shama Parveen
- Molecular
Virology Laboratory, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic
Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
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Keshav P, Goyal DK, Kaur S. GC-MS screening and antiparasitic action of Putranjiva roxburghii leaves against sensitive and resistant strains of Leishmania donovani. J Parasit Dis 2021; 45:1002-1013. [PMID: 34789984 PMCID: PMC8556436 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-021-01388-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Looming drug resistance cases of leishmaniasis infection are an undeniably serious danger to worldwide public health, also jeopardize the efficacy of available drugs. Besides this, no successful vaccine is available till date. Since the ancient era, many plants and their parts have been used as medicines against various ailments. Hence, the importance of drug development for new molecules against Leishmania infection is significant that is a cost-effective and safer drug preferably from the natural herbal resources. We evaluated the GC-MS screening and efficacy of Putranjiva roxburghii (PR) against the sensitive and resistant promastigotes of L. donovani. GC-MS profiling revealed that the extract was rich in myo-inositol-4-C-methyl, azulene and desulphosinigrin. Quantitative investigation of phytoconstituents confirmed that PR was rich in phenols, flavonoids and terpenoids. We found an IC50 25.61 ± 0.57 µg/mL and 29.02 ± 1.21 µg/mL of PR against sodium stibogluconate sensitive and resistant strain respectively. It was found to be safer in cytotoxicity assay and generated ROS mediated oxidative stress in the parasitic cells which was evidenced by the increased and decreased levels of superoxide radicals, lipid peroxidation products, lipid bodies and levels of thiol, plasma membrane integrity respectively. Therefore, our results support the importance of P. roxburghii as a medicinal plant against L. donovani and showed potential for exploration as an antileishmanial agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Keshav
- Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology (UGC-CAS), Panjab University, Chandigarh, UT India
| | - Deepak Kumar Goyal
- Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology (UGC-CAS), Panjab University, Chandigarh, UT India
| | - Sukhbir Kaur
- Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology (UGC-CAS), Panjab University, Chandigarh, UT India
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Amlabu WE, Amisigo CM, Antwi CA, Awandare GA, Gwira TM. Some novel antileishmanial compounds inhibit normal cell cycle progression of Leishmania donovani promastigotes and exhibits pro-oxidative potential. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258996. [PMID: 34807936 PMCID: PMC8608343 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the midst of numerous setbacks that beclouds the fight against leishmaniasis; a neglected tropical disease, the search for new chemotherapeutics against this disease is of utmost importance. Leishmaniasis is a disease closely associated with poverty and endemic in Africa, Asia, southern Europe and the Americas. It is caused by parasites of the genus Leishmania and transmitted by a sandfly vector. In this study, we evaluated the antileishmanial potency of eighteen pathogen box compounds and elucidated their biosafety and possible mechanisms of action against Leishmania donovani promastigotes and amastigotes in vitro. IC50s range of 0.12±0.15 to >6.25 μg/ml and 0.13±0.004 to >6.25μg/ml were observed for the promastigotes and amastigotes, respectively. We demonstrated the ability of some of the compounds to cause cytocidal effect on the parasites, induce increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), disrupt the normal parasite morphology and cause the accumulation of parasites at the DNA synthesis phase of the cell cycle. We recommend a further in vivo study on these compounds to validate the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wandayi Emmanuel Amlabu
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
- * E-mail: (WEA); (TMG)
| | - Cynthia Mmalebna Amisigo
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Christine Achiaa Antwi
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Gordon Akanzuwine Awandare
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Theresa Manful Gwira
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- * E-mail: (WEA); (TMG)
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15
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Najm M, Hadighi R, Heidari-Kharaji M, Alipour M, Hajizadeh M, Rafiei-Sefiddashti R, Heidari A, Badirzadeh A. Anti-Leishmanial Activity of Artemisia persica, A. spicigera, and A. fragrance against Leishmania major. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2021; 16:464-473. [PMID: 34630592 PMCID: PMC8476732 DOI: 10.18502/ijpa.v16i3.7100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) like zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL), is a widespread infectious disease with high mortality and morbidity. Various medications are used for treating the disease, but several side effects and drug resistance have been reported. Herbal medicines are unlimited sources for discovering new medications to treat infectious diseases. We aimed to determine the leishmanicidal activity of three species of Iranian Artemisia herbal plant extracts in in-vitro. Methods: In-vitro anti-leishmanial activity of ethanolic extracts on both promastigotes and amastigotes was determined by using MTT method. IC50, CC50, EC50 and SI were calculated. The study was done in 2019-2020 in Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Results: All of the three Artemisia species significantly reduced the number of parasite promastigotes. Among them, A. persica had the highest leishmanicidal activity against parasite promastigotes. Cytotoxicity assay elucidated that the Artemisia had no toxicity to the host cells, and killed the L. major amastigotes very efficiently. By increasing the dose of extracts, the parasite number in both phases (promastigotes and amastigotes) was reduced significantly. Conclusion: These results indicated satisfactory anti-leishmanial activity of Artemisia extracts against ZCL in-vitro. Accordingly, Artemisia ethanolic extracts might be considered as a strong, effective and safe herbal compound for clearing the L. major with less toxicity to the host macrophages cells. Hence, it may be recognized as an excellent herbal therapy for treating the ZCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Najm
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramtin Hadighi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Heidari-Kharaji
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS)-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie (CAFSB), Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maryam Alipour
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Hajizadeh
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Raheleh Rafiei-Sefiddashti
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aliehsan Heidari
- Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Alireza Badirzadeh
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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GC-MS Characterization of Antibacterial, Antioxidant, and Antitrypanosomal Activity of Syzygium aromaticum Essential Oil and Eugenol. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6663255. [PMID: 33688364 PMCID: PMC7914077 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6663255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Syzygium aromaticum has a diversity of biological activities due to the chemical compounds found in its plant products such as total phenolic compounds and flavonoids. The present work describes the chemical analysis and antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antitrypanosomal activity of the essential oil of S. aromaticum. Eugenol (53.23%) as the major compound was verified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. S. aromaticum essential oil was more effective against S. aureus (MIC 50 μg/mL) than eugenol (MIC 250 μg/mL). Eugenol presented higher antioxidant activity than S. aromaticum essential oil, with an EC50 of 12.66 and 78.98 µg/mL, respectively. S. aromaticum essential oil and eugenol exhibited Trypanosoma cruzi inhibitory activity, with IC50 of 28.68 ± 1.073 and 31.97 ± 1.061 μg/mL against epimastigotes and IC50 of 64.51 ± 1.658 and 45.73 ± 1.252 μg/mL against intracellular amastigotes, respectively. Both compounds presented low cytotoxicity, with S. aromaticum essential oil displaying 15.5-fold greater selectivity for the parasite than the cells. Nitrite levels in T. cruzi-stimulated cells were reduced by essential oil (47.01%; p = 0.002) and eugenol (48.05%; p = 0.003) treatment. The trypanocidal activity of S. aromaticum essential oil showed that it is reasonable to use it in future research in the search for new therapeutic alternatives for trypanosomiasis.
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17
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Kar A, Jayaraman A, Charan Raja MR, Srinivasan S, Debnath J, Mahapatra SK. Synergic effect of eugenol oleate with amphotericin B augments anti-leishmanial immune response in experimental visceral leishmaniasis in vitro and in vivo. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 91:107291. [PMID: 33360084 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Present treatment regimen on visceral leishmaniasis has multiple limitations including severe side effects, toxicity, and resistance of Leishmania strains. Amphotericin B is a well-established pharmacologically approved drug; however, mainly toxicity is a foremost issue with that drug. Recently, our group identified eugenol oleate as an anti-leishmanial immunomodulatory compound. The important objectives of this present study was to evaluate the possible synergistic effect of eugenol oleate with amphotericin B to reduce the toxicity of this approved drug. Results obtained from this study signified that combination of eugenol oleate and amphotericin B showed indifferent combinatorial effect against promastigotes with xΣFIC 1.015, while, moderate synergistic activity with xΣFIC 0.456 against amastigotes. It was also notable that eugenol oleate (2.5 μM) with low concentrations of amphotericin B (0.3125 μM) showed 96.45% parasite reduction within L. donovani-infected murine macrophages. Furthermore, eugenol oleate and amphotericin B significantly (p < 0.01) enhanced the nitrite generation, and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-12, IFN-γ and TNF-α) in infected macrophages in vitro and in BALB/c mice in vivo. Eugenol oleate (10 mg/Kg b. wt.) with amphotericin B (1 mg/Kg b.wt.) significantly (p < 0.01) controlled the parasite burden in liver by 96.2% and in spleen by 93.12%. Hence, this study strongly suggested the synergic potential of eugenol oleate with low concentration of amphotericin B in experimental visceral leishmaniasis through anti-leishmanial immune response.
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MESH Headings
- Amphotericin B/pharmacology
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Synergism
- Drug Therapy, Combination
- Female
- Host-Parasite Interactions
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Leishmania donovani/drug effects
- Leishmania donovani/immunology
- Leishmania donovani/pathogenicity
- Leishmaniasis, Visceral/drug therapy
- Leishmaniasis, Visceral/immunology
- Leishmaniasis, Visceral/metabolism
- Leishmaniasis, Visceral/parasitology
- Liver/drug effects
- Liver/immunology
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/parasitology
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/drug effects
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/immunology
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/metabolism
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/parasitology
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Nitrites/metabolism
- Parasite Load
- Spleen/drug effects
- Spleen/immunology
- Spleen/metabolism
- Spleen/parasitology
- Th1 Cells/drug effects
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th1 Cells/metabolism
- Th1 Cells/parasitology
- Th1-Th2 Balance
- Th2 Cells/drug effects
- Th2 Cells/immunology
- Th2 Cells/metabolism
- Th2 Cells/parasitology
- Trypanocidal Agents/pharmacology
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Kar
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, India; Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Adithyan Jayaraman
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, India; Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Mamilla R Charan Raja
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, India; Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Sujatha Srinivasan
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, India; Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Joy Debnath
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, India; Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, India.
| | - Santanu Kar Mahapatra
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, India; Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, India.
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Towards understanding antimicrobial activity, cytotoxicity and the mode of action of dichapetalins A and M using in silico and in vitro studies. Toxicon 2021; 193:28-37. [PMID: 33493498 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dichapetalum madagascariense Poir (Dichapetalaceae) is traditionally used to treat bacterial infections, jaundice, urethritis and viral hepatitis in Africa. Its root contains a broad spectrum of biologically active dichapetalins. To evaluate the plant's effect on human MCF-7 cells and its' antibacterial and antiparasitic potentials, we isolated and identified the known dichapetalins A and M from the roots. Both dichapetalins were tested on six bacterial strains (Shigella flexneri, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella paratyphi B, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus) and two parasite strains; Trypanosoma brucei brucei, and Leishmania donovani using the Alamar Blue assay system. Dichapetalins A and M were more potent against B. cereus with IC50 values of 11.15 and 3.15 μg/ml, respectively, compared to the positive control ampicillin (IC50 = 19.50 μg/ml). Dichapetalins A (IC50 = 74.22 μg/ml) and M (IC50 = 72.34 μg/ml) were less active against T. b. brucei, compared to the standard Suramin (IC50 = 4.96 μg/ml). Dichapetalin M showed moderate activity against L. donovani (Amphotericin B: IC50 = 0.21 μg/ml) with an IC50 of 16.80 μg/ml. In human MCF-7 cells expressing the NR1I2 receptor, the activity of dichapetalin M was higher (IC50 = 4.71 μM and 3.95 μM) for 48 and 72 h of treatment, respectively compared to Curcumin with IC50 of 17.49 μM and 12.53 μM for 48 and 72 h of treatment, respectively. Results from in vitro expression studies with qPCR confirmed an antagonistic effect of dichapetalin M on PXR (NR1I2) signaling; supporting the PXR signaling pathway as a possible mode of action of dichapetalin M as predicted by in silico results. These findings confirm previous studies that D. madagascariense can be a source of potential lead compounds for development of novel antibiotic, antiparasitic and anticancer medicines, and provide further insights into the mechanism of action of the dichapetalins.
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Keshav P, Goyal DK, Kaur S. Promastigotes of Leishmania donovani exhibited sensitivity towards the high altitudinal plant Cicer microphyllum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 1:100040. [PMID: 35284854 PMCID: PMC8906067 DOI: 10.1016/j.crpvbd.2021.100040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we explored Cicer microphyllum (CM), a Trans-Himalayan plant for its chemical components by GC-MS, phytochemical quantitation, and anti-leishmanial efficacy against sensitive strain (SS) and resistant strain (RS) promastigotes of L. donovani in vitro. The hydroethanolic extract of aerial parts of CM was screened for the presence of chemical compounds and phytochemical estimation. The antileishmanial activity of CM was assessed against the promastigotes of L. donovani. The cell volume and cell viability were analyzed by flow cytometry. The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid bodies was determined after treatment with reference and test drug. The extract of CM is complemented with major plant secondary metabolites and the quantitative assessment for phytoconstituents showed the highest concentration of phenols followed by flavonoids and terpenoids. Different biologically active chemical compounds were identified by the GC-MS analysis. The 50% inhibitory concentrations against L. donovani sensitive strain were 14.40 μg/ml and 23.03 μg/ml whereas for resistant promastigotes these were 49.84 μg/ml and 26.77 μg/ml after SAG (sodium stibogluconate) and CM exposure, respectively. CM treatment reduced cell viability induced by loss in plasma membrane integrity. Drug treatment resulted in higher ROS generation and production of lipid bodies. GC-MS screening of the extract revealed the richness of active chemical components in CM. The presence of diverse phytochemicals, no cytotoxicity to human macrophages, and the antileishmanial action of CM depicted its potential as an alternative future drug. First report of in vitro leishmanial activity of Cicer microphyllum (CM) against SAG-resistant and SAG-sensitive strain. Chemical characterization of CM by GC-MS revealed biologically active components. CM augmented ROS production and lipid bodiesʼ formation in Leishmania parasites. Parasitic cells exhibited loss of membrane integrity upon drug treatment. No significant toxicity on THP-1 cell line was observed.
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20
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Karampetsou K, Koutsoni OS, Gogou G, Angelis A, Skaltsounis LA, Dotsika E. Total Phenolic Fraction (TPF) from Extra Virgin Olive Oil: Induction of apoptotic-like cell death in Leishmania spp. promastigotes and in vivo potential of therapeutic immunomodulation. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0008968. [PMID: 33428610 PMCID: PMC7799795 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leishmaniasis is a serious multifactorial parasitic disease with limited treatment options. Current chemotherapy is mainly consisted of drugs with serious drawbacks such as toxicity, variable efficacy and resistance. Alternative bioactive phytocompounds may provide a promising source for discovering new anti-leishmanial drugs. Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO), a key-product in the Mediterranean diet, is rich in phenols which are associated with anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and anti-microbial effects. In this study, we investigate the anti-leishmanial effect of Total Phenolic Fraction (TPF) derived from EVOO in both in vitro and in vivo systems by investigating the contributing mechanism of action. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We tested the ability of TPF to cause apoptotic-like programmed cell death in L. infantum and L. major exponential-phase promastigotes by evaluating several apoptotic indices, such as reduction of proliferation rate, sub-G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest, phosphatidylserine externalization, mitochondrial transmembrane potential disruption and increased ROS production, by using flow cytometry and microscopy techniques. Moreover, we assessed the therapeutic effect of TPF in L. major-infected BALB/c mice by determining skin lesions, parasite burden in popliteal lymph nodes, Leishmania-specific antibodies and biomarkers of tissue site cellular immune response, five weeks post-treatment termination. Our results show that TPF triggers cell-cycle arrest and apoptotic-like changes in Leishmania spp. promastigotes. Moreover, TPF treatment induces significant reduction of parasite burden in draining lymph nodes together with an antibody profile indicative of the polarization of Th1/Th2 immune balance towards the protective Th1-type response, characterized by the presence of IFN-γ-producing CD4+ T-cells and increased Tbx21/GATA-3 gene expression ratio in splenocytes. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE TPF exhibits chemotherapeutic anti-leishmanial activity by inducing programmed cell death on cell-free promastigotes and immunomodulatory properties that induce in vivo T cell-mediated responses towards the protective Th1 response in experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis. These findings enable deeper understanding of TPF's dual mode of action that encourages further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalliopi Karampetsou
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Natural Product Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Olga S. Koutsoni
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Gogou
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Natural Product Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Apostolis Angelis
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Natural Product Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Leandros-Alexios Skaltsounis
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Natural Product Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Dotsika
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
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21
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Mondêgo-Oliveira R, de Sá Sousa JC, Moragas-Tellis CJ, de Souza PVR, dos Santos Chagas MDS, Behrens MD, Jesús Hardoim DD, Taniwaki NN, Chometon TQ, Bertho AL, Calabrese KDS, Almeida-Souza F, Abreu-Silva AL. Vernonia brasiliana (L.) Druce induces ultrastructural changes and apoptosis-like death of Leishmania infantum promastigotes. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 133:111025. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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22
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Abstract
AbstractThis systematic review investigated the evidence for the therapeutic potential of essential oils (EOs) against Leishmania amazonensis. We searched available scientific publications from 2005 to 2019 in the PubMed and Web of Science electronic databases, according to PRISMA statement. The search strategy utilized descriptors and free terms. The EOs effect of 35 species of plants identified in this systematic review study, 45.7% had half of the maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) 10 < IC50 ⩽ 50 μg mL−1 and 14.3% had a 10 < IC50μg mL−1 for promastigote forms of L. amazonensis. EOs from Cymbopogon citratus species had the lowest IC50 (1.7 μg mL−1). Among the plant species analyzed for activity against intracellular amastigote forms of L. amazonensis, 39.4% had an IC50 10 < IC50 ⩽ 50 μg mL−1, and 33.3% had an IC50 10 < IC50μg mL−1. Aloysia gratissima EO showed the lowest IC50 (0.16 μg mL−1) for intracellular amastigotes. EOs of Chenopodium ambrosioides, Copaifera martii and Carapa guianensis, administered by the oral route, were effective in reducing parasitic load and lesion volume in L. amazonensis-infected BALB/c mice. EOs of Bixa orellana and C. ambrosioides were effective when administered intraperitoneally. Most of the studies analyzed in vitro and in vivo for the risk of bias showed moderate methodological quality. These results indicate a stimulus for the development of new phytotherapy drugs for leishmaniasis treatment.
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Development, characterization, and anti-leishmanial activity of topical amphotericin B nanoemulsions. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2020; 10:1552-1570. [DOI: 10.1007/s13346-020-00821-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Moemenbellah‐Fard MD, Abdollahi A, Ghanbariasad A, Osanloo M. Antibacterial and leishmanicidal activities of
Syzygium aromaticum
essential oil versus its major ingredient, eugenol. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.3595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Djaefar Moemenbellah‐Fard
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control School of Health Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
| | - Abbas Abdollahi
- Department of Microbiology School of Medicine Fasa University of Medical Sciences Fasa Iran
| | - Ali Ghanbariasad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology School of Medicine Fasa University of Medical Sciences Fasa Iran
| | - Mahmoud Osanloo
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center Fasa University of Medical Sciences Fasa Iran
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine Fasa University of Medical Sciences Fasa Iran
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Elucidating the possible mechanism of action of some pathogen box compounds against Leishmania donovani. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008188. [PMID: 32275665 PMCID: PMC7176276 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is one of the Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) which is closely associated with poverty and has gained much relevance recently due to its opportunistic coinfection with HIV. It is a protozoan zoonotic disease transmitted by a dipteran Phlebotomus, Lutzomyia/ Sergentomyia sandfly; during blood meals on its vertebrate intermediate hosts. It is a four-faceted disease with its visceral form being more deadly if left untreated. It is endemic across the tropics and sub-tropical regions of the world. It can be considered the third most important NTD after malaria and lymphatic filariasis. Currently, there are numerous drawbacks on the fight against leishmaniasis which includes: non-availability of vaccines, limited availability of drugs, high cost of mainstay drugs and parasite resistance to current treatments. In this study, we screened the antileishmanial activity, selectivity, morphological alterations, cell cycle progression and apoptotic potentials of six Pathogen box compounds from Medicine for Malaria Venture (MMV) against Leishmania donovani promastigotes and amastigotes. From this study, five of the compounds showed great promise as lead chemotherapeutics based on their high selectivity against the Leishmania donovani parasite when tested against the murine mammalian macrophage RAW 264.7 cell line (with a therapeutic index ranging between 19–914 (promastigotes) and 1–453 (amastigotes)). The cell cycle progression showed growth arrest at the G0-G1 phase of mitotic division, with an indication of apoptosis induced by two (2) of the pathogen box compounds tested. Our findings present useful information on the therapeutic potential of these compounds in leishmaniasis. We recommend further in vivo studies on these compounds to substantiate observations made in the in vitro study. There are numerous drawbacks in the fight against leishmaniasis which includes difficulty in drug administration, lengthy time of treatment, high toxicity, adverse side effects, high cost of drugs and increasing parasite resistance to treatment. These have made the search for new antileishmanial chemotherapeutics very essential. The Medicine for Malaria Venture (MMV) with the aim of accelerating drug development for poverty-related diseases has assembled some 400 diverse, drug-like molecules active against neglected diseases called the Pathogen box compounds. Thus, in this study we explored the antileishmanial potency and elucidated some possible mechanisms of action of some of the compounds against the Leishmania donovani parasites. The six compounds studied caused a distortion in the mitochondrion morphology, loss of kinetoplastid DNA and eventual nuclear degeneration upon treatment for 72 hours. Parasites treated with two of the cytocidal compounds MMV676057 (E03C) and MMV688942 (D06A) showed no significant programmed cell death due to apoptosis when compared to the untreated parasites but rather showed a cell cycle growth arrest in the G0-G1 and S-phases.
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A novel nanoliposomal formulation of the FDA approved drug Halofantrine causes cell death of Leishmania donovani promastigotes in vitro. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.123852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Anning AS, Kwakye-Nuako G, Ameyaw EO, Mosore MT, Asare KK. In vitro activity of Erythrophleum ivorense extract against the promastigote stage of cutaneous Leishmania parasite, a member of Leishmania (Mundinia) enriettii complex isolates from Ghana. Access Microbiol 2019; 1:e000050. [PMID: 32974542 PMCID: PMC7481739 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous leishmaniasis causes physical disfigurement and impairment on affected individuals, however, little attention has been paid to it eradication. The situation of this neglected disease is complicated with the expansion of the non-human pathogenic Leishmania enriettii complex causing infection in humans. We have previously shown that the extract from Erythrophleum ivorense has leishmanicidal activity against promastigote stages of the L. enriettii complex isolate from Ghana and L eishmania donovani. The extract of E. ivorense has shown to have anti-inflammatory, wound-healing ability, antiallergic, antimalarial and antischistosomal activity. However, the concentration threshold of E. ivorense extract required for leishmanicidal activity against the emerging human pathogenic L. enriettii complex isolates is not clear. AIM To test for the concentration threshold of E. ivorense extract required to obtain ideal leishmanicidal activity against the promastigote stage of human pathogenic L. enriettii complex isolates from Ghana. METHOD The ethanolic leaf extract of E. ivorense was serially diluted and tested against the promastigote stage of the L. enriettii complex. Parasite inhibition was measured at 590 nm using a spectrophotometer after staining parasites with trypan blue. To select the threshold concentration for maximum inhibition of the promastigote stage of the L. enriettii complex, the concentration cut-off statistic was used. RESULTS The MIC of E. ivorense extract for L. enriettii promastigote inhibition was 62.3 μg ml-1. The highest promastigote inhibition was observed at 72 h. CONCLUSION We show that a MIC of 62.3 μg ml-1 of E. ivorense leaf extract exhibits an ideal leishmanicidal activity against the promastigote stage of L. enriettii complex isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberta Serwah Anning
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Godwin Kwakye-Nuako
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Elvis Ofori Ameyaw
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Mba-Tihssommah Mosore
- U. S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 3 (NAMRU-3), Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Kwame Kumi Asare
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
- Department of Protozoology Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University Sakamoto 1-12-4, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
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Araújo MV, Queiroz AC, Silva JFM, Silva AE, Silva JKS, Silva GR, Silva ECO, Souza ST, Fonseca EJS, Camara CA, Silva TMS, Alexandre-Moreira MS. Flavonoids induce cell death in Leishmania amazonensis: in vitro characterization by flow cytometry and Raman spectroscopy. Analyst 2019; 144:5232-5244. [PMID: 31360935 DOI: 10.1039/c9an00948e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis comprises a group of infectious diseases with worldwide distribution, of which both the visceral and cutaneous forms are caused by Leishmania parasites. In the absence of vaccines, efficacious chemotherapy remains the basis for leishmaniasis control. The available drugs are expensive and associated with several secondary adverse effects. Due to these limitations, the development of new antileishmanial compounds is imperative, and plants offer various perspectives in this regard. The present study evaluated the in vitro leishmanicidal activity of flavonoids isolated from Solanum paludosum Moric. and investigated the mechanisms of cell death induced by them. These compounds were evaluated in vitro for their antileishmanial activity against Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes and they showed prominent leishmanicidal activity. The EtOAc fraction, gossypetin 3,7,8,4'-tetra-O-methyl ether (1), and kaempferol 3,7-di-O-methyl ether (3) were selected to be used in an in vitro assay against L. amazonensis amastigotes and cell death assays. The flavonoids (1) and (3) presented significant activity against L. amazonensis amastigotes, exhibiting the IC50 values of 23.3 ± 4.5 μM, 34.0 ± 9.6 μM, and 10.5 ± 2.5 μM for the EtOAc fraction, (1), and (3), respectively, without toxic effects to the host cells. Moreover, (1) and (3) induced blocked cell cycle progression at the G1/S transition, ultimately leading to G1/G0 arrest. Flavonoid (3) also induced autophagy. Using Raman spectroscopy in conjunction with principal component analysis, the biochemical changes in the cellular components induced by flavonoids (1) and (3) were presented. The obtained results indicated that the mechanisms of action of (1) and (3) occurred through different routes. The results support that the flavonoids derived from S. paludosum can become lead molecules for the design of antileishmanial prototypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgana V Araújo
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Immunity, Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas, 57020-720, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil.
| | - Aline C Queiroz
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Immunity, Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas, 57020-720, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil.
| | - João F M Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Immunity, Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas, 57020-720, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil.
| | - Amanda E Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Immunity, Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas, 57020-720, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil.
| | - João K S Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Immunity, Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas, 57020-720, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil.
| | - Girliane R Silva
- Phytochemical Bioprospecting Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, 52171-900, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Elaine C O Silva
- Optics and Nanoscopy Group, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Alagoas, 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Samuel T Souza
- Optics and Nanoscopy Group, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Alagoas, 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Eduardo J S Fonseca
- Optics and Nanoscopy Group, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Alagoas, 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Celso A Camara
- Phytochemical Bioprospecting Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, 52171-900, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Tania M S Silva
- Phytochemical Bioprospecting Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, 52171-900, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Magna S Alexandre-Moreira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Immunity, Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas, 57020-720, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil.
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Verma G, Khan MF, Mohan Nainwal L, Ishaq M, Akhter M, Bakht A, Anwer T, Afrin F, Islamuddin M, Husain I, Alam MM, Shaquiquzzaman M. Targeting malaria and leishmaniasis: Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of novel pyrazole-1,3,4-oxadiazole hybrids. Part II. Bioorg Chem 2019; 89:102986. [PMID: 31146198 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.102986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In continuance with earlier reported work, an extension has been carried out by the same research group. Mulling over the ongoing condition of resistance to existing antimalarial agents, we had reported synthesis and antimalarial activity of certain pyrazole-1,3,4-oxadiazole hybrid compounds. Bearing previous results in mind, our research group ideated to design and synthesize some more derivatives with varied substitutions of acetophenone and hydrazide. Following this, derivatives 5a-r were synthesized and tested for antimalarial efficacy by schizont maturation inhibition assay. Further, depending on the literature support and results of our previous series, certain potent compounds (5f, 5n and 5r) were subjected to Falcipain-2 inhibitory assay. Results obtained for these particular compounds further strengthened our hypothesis. Here, in this series, compound 5f having unsubstituted acetophenone part and a furan moiety linked to oxadiazole ring emerged as the most potent compound and results were found to be comparable to that of the most potent compound (indole bearing) of previous series. Additionally, depending on the available literature, compounds (5a-r) were tested for their antileishmanial potential. Compounds 5a, 5c and 5r demonstrated dose-dependent killing of the promastigotes. Their IC50 values were found to be 33.3 ± 1.68, 40.1 ± 1.0 and 19.0 ± 1.47 μg/mL respectively. These compounds (5a, 5c and 5r) also had effects on amastigote infectivity with IC50 of 44.2 ± 2.72, 66.8 ± 2.05 and 73.1 ± 1.69 μg/mL respectively. Further target validation was done using molecular docking studies. Acute oral toxicity studies for most active compounds were also performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mohemmed Faraz Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Lalit Mohan Nainwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mohd Ishaq
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mymoona Akhter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Afroz Bakht
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box-173, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq Anwer
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farhat Afrin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Islamuddin
- Molecular Virology Lab, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia University, New Delhi, India
| | - Ibraheem Husain
- Molecular Virology Lab, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia University, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad Mumtaz Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
| | - Mohammad Shaquiquzzaman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
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Antwi CA, Amisigo CM, Adjimani JP, Gwira TM. In vitro activity and mode of action of phenolic compounds on Leishmania donovani. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007206. [PMID: 30802252 PMCID: PMC6405172 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by the protozoan parasite, Leishmania. The disease remains a global threat to public health requiring effective chemotherapy for control and treatment. In this study, the effect of some selected phenolic compounds on Leishmania donovani was investigated. The compounds were screened for their anti-leishmanial activities against promastigote and intracellular amastigote forms of Leishmania donovani. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The dose dependent effect and cytotoxicity of the compounds were determined by the MTT assay. Flow cytometry was used to determine the effect of the compounds on the cell cycle. Parasite morphological analysis was done by microscopy and growth kinetic studies were conducted by culturing cells and counting at 24 hours intervals over 120 hours. The cellular levels of iron in promastigotes treated with compounds was determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy and the effect of compounds on the expression of iron dependent enzymes was investigated using RT-qPCR. The IC50 of the compounds ranged from 16.34 μM to 198 μM compared to amphotericin B and deferoxamine controls. Rosmarinic acid and apigenin were the most effective against the promastigote and the intracellular amastigote forms. Selectivity indexes (SI) of rosmarinic acid and apigenin were 15.03 and 10.45 respectively for promastigotes while the SI of 12.70 and 5.21 respectively was obtained for intracellular amastigotes. Morphologically, 70% of rosmarinic acid treated promastigotes showed rounded morphology similar to the deferoxamine control. About 30% of cells treated with apigenin showed distorted cell membrane. Rosmarinic acid and apigenin induced cell arrest in the G0/G1 phase in promastigotes. Elevated intracellular iron levels were observed in promastigotes when parasites were treated with rosmarinic acid and this correlated with the level of expression of iron dependent genes. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The data suggests that rosmarinic acid exerts its anti-leishmanial effect via iron chelation resulting in variable morphological changes and cell cycle arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Achiaa Antwi
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Cynthia Mmalebna Amisigo
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Jonathan Partt Adjimani
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Theresa Manful Gwira
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
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da Silva Cardoso V, Vermelho AB, Ricci Junior E, Almeida Rodrigues I, Mazotto AM, Supuran CT. Antileishmanial activity of sulphonamide nanoemulsions targeting the β-carbonic anhydrase from Leishmania species. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2018; 33:850-857. [PMID: 29708476 PMCID: PMC6010131 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2018.1463221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The β-carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) from Leishmania spp. (LdcCA) is effectively inhibited by aromatic/heterocyclic sulphonamides, in the low nanomolar range, but no in vitro antileishmanial activity was detected for such compounds. We formulated some of these sulphonamides as nanoemulsions (NEs) in clove oil, and tested them in vitro against Leishmania infantum MHOM/BR/1974/PP75 and Leishmania amazonensis IFLA/BR/1967/PH8 strains. Interesting inhibitory concentrations IC50 were observed for some of the sulphonamides NEs, with IC50 as low as 3.90 µM (NE-3F) and 2.24 µM (NE-5B) for L. amazonensis and 3.47 µM (NE-5B) for L. infantum. Some of the investigated NEs displayed toxicity for macrophages beyond the parasites. For the same nonoemulsions, a selective index (SI) greater than for Amphotericin B. Haemolytic assay using human red blood cells indicate that the NEs were less cytotoxic than amphotericin B, a widely used antifungal agent. NEs demonstrated to be an excellent strategy for increasing the penetration of these hydrophilic drugs through membranes, with a huge increase of efficacy over the sulphonamide CA inhibitor (CAI) alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verônica da Silva Cardoso
- Bioinovar-Biotecnologia: Unidade de Biocatálise, Bioprodutos e Bioenergia (BIOINOVAR), Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alane Beatriz Vermelho
- Bioinovar-Biotecnologia: Unidade de Biocatálise, Bioprodutos e Bioenergia (BIOINOVAR), Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Ricci Junior
- Departamento de Medicamentos, Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Galênico (LADEG), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Igor Almeida Rodrigues
- Departamento de Produtos Naturais e Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Laboratório de Bioprospecção de Antimicrobianos Naturais (LABAN), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Mazotto
- Bioinovar-Biotecnologia: Unidade de Biocatálise, Bioprodutos e Bioenergia (BIOINOVAR), Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- NEUROFARBA Department, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Florence, Italy
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Keesen TSL, da Silva LV, da Câmara Rocha J, Andrade LN, Lima TC, de Sousa DP. Anti-Leishmania and cytotoxic activities of perillaldehyde epoxide synthetic positional isomers. Nat Prod Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1448813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juliana da Câmara Rocha
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
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Charan Raja MR, Velappan AB, Chellappan D, Debnath J, Kar Mahapatra S. Eugenol derived immunomodulatory molecules against visceral leishmaniasis. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 139:503-518. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Nerolidol, the main constituent of Piper aduncum essential oil, has anti-Leishmania braziliensis activity. Parasitology 2017; 144:1179-1190. [PMID: 28482935 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182017000452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis is a protozoan that causes mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, which is an infectious disease that affects more than 12 million people worldwide. The available treatment is limited, has side-effects or is inefficient. In a search for alternative compounds of natural origin, we tested the microbicidal activity of Piper aduncum essential oil (PaEO) on this parasite. Our data showed that PaEO had an inhibitory effect on the growth of L. braziliensis promastigotes with an IC50/24 h=77·9 µg mL-1. The main constituent (nerolidol: 25·22%) presented a similar inhibitory effect (IC50/24 h = 74·3 µg mL-1). Ultrastructural observation of nerolidol-treated parasites by scanning and transmission electron microscopies revealed cell shrinkage and morphological alterations in the mitochondrion, nuclear chromatin and flagellar pocket. Flow cytometry analysis showed a reduction in the cell size, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, phosphatidylserine exposure and DNA degradation, which when associated with the morphological changes indicated that nerolidol induced incidental cell death in the L. braziliensis promastigotes. The results presented here indicate that nerolidol derivatives are promising compounds for further evaluation against Leishmania parasites.
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de Oliveira de Siqueira LB, da Silva Cardoso V, Rodrigues IA, Vazquez-Villa AL, Dos Santos EP, da Costa Leal Ribeiro Guimarães B, Dos Santos Cerqueira Coutinho C, Vermelho AB, Junior ER. Development and evaluation of zinc phthalocyanine nanoemulsions for use in photodynamic therapy for Leishmania spp. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:065101. [PMID: 28071592 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/28/6/065101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) combines light with photosensitizers (PS) for production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can kill infectious microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi and protozoa. The application of nanotechnology has enabled the advancement of PDT because many PS are insoluble in water, necessitating a nanocarrier as a physiologically acceptable carrier. Nanoemulsions are efficient nanocarriers for solubilizing liposoluble drugs, like the PS, in water. Cutaneous (CL) and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (ML) are caused by different species of the genus Leishmania, transmitted to humans by sandfly bites. Parasites are hosted in skin macrophages producing ulcerative lesions. Thus, a topical treatment, effective and inexpensive, for CL and ML is preferable to systemic interventions. There are topical treatments like paromomycin and amphotericin B, but they have many local side effects or a very high cost, limiting their use. This work aimed to develop a zinc phthalocyanine (photosensitizer) oil-in-water nanoemulsion, essential clove oil and polymeric surfactant (Pluronic® F127) for the formulation of a topical delivery system for use in PDT against Leishmania amazonensis and Leishmania infantum. The nanoemulsion was produced by a high-energy method and characterized by size, polydispersity, morphology, pH, content and stability studies. The toxicity in the dark and the photobiological activity of the formulations were evaluated in vitro for Leishmania and macrophages. The formulation presented was pH compatible with topical use, approximately 30 nm in size, with a polydispersity index ≤0.1 and remained stable at room and refrigerator temperature during the stability study (60 days). The zinc phthalocyanine nanoemulsion is effective in PDT against Leishmania spp.; use against skin infections can be a future application of this topical formulation, avoiding the use of oral or injectable medications, decreasing systemic adverse effects.
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Biological Activities of Essential Oils: From Plant Chemoecology to Traditional Healing Systems. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22010070. [PMID: 28045446 PMCID: PMC6155610 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 335] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Essential oils are complex mixtures of hydrocarbons and their oxygenated derivatives arising from two different isoprenoid pathways. Essential oils are produced by glandular trichomes and other secretory structures, specialized secretory tissues mainly diffused onto the surface of plant organs, particularly flowers and leaves, thus exerting a pivotal ecological role in plant. In addition, essential oils have been used, since ancient times, in many different traditional healing systems all over the world, because of their biological activities. Many preclinical studies have documented antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities of essential oils in a number of cell and animal models, also elucidating their mechanism of action and pharmacological targets, though the paucity of in human studies limits the potential of essential oils as effective and safe phytotherapeutic agents. More well-designed clinical trials are needed in order to ascertain the real efficacy and safety of these plant products.
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Synthesis and In Vitro Anti Leishmania amazonensis Biological Screening of Morita-Baylis-Hillman Adducts Prepared from Eugenol, Thymol and Carvacrol. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21111483. [PMID: 27834831 PMCID: PMC6274563 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21111483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis represents a series of severe neglected tropical diseases caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania and is widely distributed around the world. Here, we present the syntheses of Morita-Baylis-Hillman adducts (MBHAs) prepared from eugenol, thymol and carvacrol, and their bioevaluation against promastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis. The new MBHAs are prepared in two steps from essential oils in moderate to good yields and present IC50 values in the range of 22.30–4.71 μM. Moreover, the selectivity index to the most potent compound is very high (SIrb > 84.92), far better than that of Glucantime® (SIrb 1.39) and amphotericin B (SIrb = 22.34). Conformational analysis were carried out at the M062X//6-31+G(d,p) level of theory to corroborate a hypothesis about the nitroaromatic bioreduction mechanism.
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Islamuddin M, Chouhan G, Want MY, Ozbak HA, Hemeg HA, Afrin F. Immunotherapeutic Potential of Eugenol Emulsion in Experimental Visceral Leishmaniasis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0005011. [PMID: 27776125 PMCID: PMC5077126 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The therapy of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is limited by resistance, toxicity and decreased bioavailability of the existing drugs coupled with dramatic increase in HIV-co-infection, non-availability of vaccines and down regulation of cell-mediated immunity (CMI). Thus, we envisaged combating the problem with plant-derived antileishmanial drug that could concomitantly mitigate the immune suppression of the infected hosts. Several plant-derived compounds have been found to exert leishmanicidal activity via immunomodulation. In this direction, we investigated the antileishmanial activity of eugenol emulsion (EE), complemented with its immunomodulatory and therapeutic efficacy in murine model of VL. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Oil-in-water emulsion of eugenol (EE) was prepared and size measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS). EE exhibited significant leishmanicidal activity with 50% inhibitory concentration of 8.43±0.96 μg ml-1 and 5.05±1.72 μg ml─1, respectively against the promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes of Leishmania donovani. For in vivo effectiveness, EE was administered intraperitoneally (25, 50 and 75 mg/kg b.w./day for 10 days) to 8 week-infected BALB/c mice. The cytotoxicity of EE was assessed in RAW 264.7 macrophages as well as in naive mice. EE induced a significant drop in hepatic and splenic parasite burdens as well as diminution in spleen and liver weights 10 days post-treatment, with augmentation of 24h-delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response and high IgG2a:IgG1, mirroring induction of CMI. Enhanced IFN-γ and IL-2 levels, with fall in disease-associated Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) detected by flow cytometric bead-based array, substantiated the Th1 immune signature. Lymphoproliferation and nitric oxide release were significantly elevated upon antigen revoke in vitro. The immune-stimulatory activity of EE was further corroborated by expansion of IFN-γ producing CD4+ and CD8+ splenic T lymphocytes and up-regulation of CD80 and CD86 on peritoneal macrophages. EE treated groups exhibited induction of CD8+ central memory T cells as evidenced from CD62L and CD44 expression. No biochemical alterations in hepatic and renal enzymes were observed. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate antileishmanial activity of EE, potentiated by Th1 immunostimulation without adverse side effects. The Th1 immune polarizing effect may help to alleviate the depressed CMI and hence complement the leishmanicidal activity.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Protozoan/blood
- Antiprotozoal Agents/therapeutic use
- Cell Line
- Cytokines/blood
- Cytokines/immunology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Emulsions
- Eugenol/adverse effects
- Eugenol/chemistry
- Eugenol/pharmacology
- Eugenol/therapeutic use
- Female
- Hypersensitivity, Delayed
- Immunity, Cellular
- Immunomodulation
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- Interleukin-10/blood
- Interleukin-10/genetics
- Interleukin-2/blood
- Interleukin-2/genetics
- Interleukin-4/blood
- Interleukin-4/genetics
- Leishmania donovani/drug effects
- Leishmania donovani/immunology
- Leishmaniasis, Visceral/immunology
- Leishmaniasis, Visceral/parasitology
- Leishmaniasis, Visceral/therapy
- Liver/parasitology
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/drug effects
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/parasitology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Nitric Oxide/metabolism
- Spleen/parasitology
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Islamuddin
- Parasite Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
| | - Garima Chouhan
- Parasite Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
| | - Muzamil Yaqub Want
- Parasite Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
| | - Hani A. Ozbak
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Medina, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A. Hemeg
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Medina, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Farhat Afrin
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Medina, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail: ,
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Ullah N, Nadhman A, Siddiq S, Mehwish S, Islam A, Jafri L, Hamayun M. Plants as Antileishmanial Agents: Current Scenario. Phytother Res 2016; 30:1905-1925. [PMID: 27704633 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nazif Ullah
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical and Life Sciences; Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan; Mardan Pakistan
| | - Akhtar Nadhman
- Sulaiman Bin Abdullah Aba Al Khail Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences (SA-CIRBS); International Islamic University; Islamabad 44000 Pakistan
| | - Sumaira Siddiq
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical and Life Sciences; Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan; Mardan Pakistan
| | - Shaila Mehwish
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical and Life Sciences; Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan; Mardan Pakistan
| | - Arshad Islam
- Laboratório de Immunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Biológicas, (NUPEB), Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas; Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto; Ouro Preto Minas Gerais 35.400-000 Brazil
| | - Laila Jafri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences; Bahauddin Zakariya University; Multan Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hamayun
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Chemical and Life Sciences; Abdul Wali Khan University; Mardan Pakistan
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Shafi S, Afrin F, Islamuddin M, Chouhan G, Ali I, Naaz F, Sharma K, Zaman MS. β-Nitrostyrenes as Potential Anti-leishmanial Agents. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1379. [PMID: 27635124 PMCID: PMC5007854 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of new therapeutic approach to treat leishmaniasis has become a priority. In the present study, the antileishmanial effect of β-nitrostyrenes was investigated against in vitro promastigotes and amastigotes. A series of β-nitrostyrenes have been synthesized by using Henry reaction and were evaluated for their antimicrobial activities by broth microdilution assay and in vitro antileishmanial activities against Leishmania donovani promastigotes by following standard guidelines. The most active compounds were futher evaluated for their in vitro antileishmanial activities against intracellular amastigotes. Among the tested β-nitrostyrenes, compounds 7, 8, 9, 12, and 17 exhibited potential activities (MICs range, 0.25–8 μg/mL) against clinically significant human pathogenic fungi. However, the microbactericidal concentrations (MBCs) and the microfungicidal concentrations (MFCs) were found to be either similar or only two-fold greater than the MICs. Anti-leishmanial results demonstrated that compounds 9, 12, 14, and 18 were found to be most active among the tested samples and exhibited 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) by 23.40 ± 0.71, 37.83 ± 3.74, 40.50 ± 1.47, 55.66 ± 2.84 nM against L. donovani promastigotes and 30.5 ± 3.42, 21.46 ± 0.96, 26.43 ± 2.71, and 61.63 ± 8.02 nM respectively against intracellular L. donovani promastigotes amastigotes respectively which are comparable with standard AmB (19.60 ± 1.71 nM against promastigotes and 27.83 ± 3.26 nM against amastigotes). Compounds 9, 12, 14, and 18 were found to have potent in vitro leishmanicidal activity against L. donovani and found to be non-toxic against mammalian macrophages even at a concentration of 25 μM. Nitric oxide (NO) estimation studies reveals that these compounds are moderately inducing NO levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Shafi
- Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hamdard University New Delhi, India
| | - Farhat Afrin
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah UniversityMedina, Saudi Arabia; Parasite Immunology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Hamdard UniversityNew Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad Islamuddin
- Parasite Immunology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Hamdard UniversityNew Delhi, India; Molecular Virology and Vaccinology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Hamdard UniversityNew Delhi, India
| | - Garima Chouhan
- Parasite Immunology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Hamdard University New Delhi, India
| | - Intzar Ali
- Membrane Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi, India
| | - Faatima Naaz
- Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard New Delhi, India
| | - Kalicharan Sharma
- Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad S Zaman
- Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard New Delhi, India
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Pilar Santamarina M, Roselló J, Giménez S, Amparo Blázquez M. Commercial Laurus nobilis L. and Syzygium aromaticum L. Merr. & Perry essential oils against post-harvest phytopathogenic fungi on rice. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2015.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Islamuddin M, Chouhan G, Tyagi M, Abdin MZ, Sahal D, Afrin F. Leishmanicidal activities of Artemisia annua leaf essential oil against Visceral Leishmaniasis. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:626. [PMID: 25505453 PMCID: PMC4243575 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), the second-most dreaded parasitic disease after malaria, is currently endemic in 88 countries. Dramatic increases in the rates of infection, drug resistance, and non-availability of safe vaccines have highlighted the need for identification of novel and inexpensive anti-leishmanial agents from natural sources. In this study, we showed the leishmanicidal effect of essential oil from Artemisia annua leaves (AALEO) against Leishmania donovani in vitro and in vivo. AALEO was extracted by hydrodistillation and characterized by GC-MS, the most abundant compounds were found to be camphor (52.06 %) followed by β-caryophyllene (10.95 %). AALEO exhibited significant leishmanicidal activity against L. donovani, with 50 % inhibitory concentration of 14.63 ± 1.49 μg ml(-1) and 7.3 ± 1.85 μg ml(-1), respectively, against the promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes. The effect was mediated through programmed cell death as confirmed by externalization of phosphatidylserine, DNA nicking by TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling assay, dyskinetoplastidy, cell cycle arrest at sub-G0-G1 phase, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and reactive oxygen species generation in promastigotes and nitric oxide generation in ex vivo model. AALEO presented no cytotoxic effects against mammalian macrophages even at 200 μg ml(-1). Intra-peritoneal administration of AALEO (200 mg/ kg.b.w.) to infected BALB/c mice reduced the parasite burden by almost 90% in the liver and spleen with significant reduction in weight. There was no hepato- or nephro-toxicity as demonstrated by normal levels of serum enzymes. The promising antileishmanial activity shown by camphor-rich AALEO may provide a new lead in the treatment of VL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Islamuddin
- Parasite Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University) New Delhi, India
| | - Garima Chouhan
- Parasite Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University) New Delhi, India
| | - Maujiram Tyagi
- Centre for Transgenic Plant Development, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University) New Delhi, India
| | - Malik Z Abdin
- Centre for Transgenic Plant Development, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University) New Delhi, India
| | - Dinkar Sahal
- Malaria Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology New Delhi, India
| | - Farhat Afrin
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Taibah University Medina, Saudi Arabia
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Chouhan G, Islamuddin M, Ahmad F, Sahal D, Afrin F. Antileishmanial Potential of <i>Piper</i> <i>nigrum</i> Seed Extracts against <i>Leishmania</i> <i>donovani</i>. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/ojmm.2014.44025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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