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Dewi DNSS, Mertaniasih NM, Soedarsono, Hagino K, Yamazaki T, Ozeki Y, Artama WT, Kobayashi H, Inouchi E, Yoshida Y, Ishikawa S, Shaban AK, Tateishi Y, Nishiyama A, Ato M, Matsumoto S. Antibodies against native proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis can detect pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12685. [PMID: 37542102 PMCID: PMC10403504 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39436-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate point-of-care testing (POCT) is critical for managing tuberculosis (TB). However, current antibody-based diagnosis shows low specificity and sensitivity. To find proper antigen candidates for TB diagnosis by antibodies, we assessed IgGs responsiveness to Mycobacterium tuberculosis proteins in pulmonary TB (PTB) patients. We employed major secreted proteins, such as Rv1860, Ag85C, PstS1, Rv2878c, Ag85B, and Rv1926c that were directly purified from M. tuberculosis. In the first screening, we found that IgG levels were significantly elevated in PTB patients only against Rv1860, PstS1, and Ag85B among tested antigens. However, recombinant PstS1 and Ag85B from Escherichia coli (E. coli) couldn't distinguish PTB patients and healthy controls (HC). Recombinant Rv1860 was not checked due to its little expression. Then, the 59 confirmed PTB patients from Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia, and 102 HC were tested to Rv1860 and Ag85B only due to the low yield of the PstS1 from M. tuberculosis. The ROC analysis using native Ag85B and Rv1860 showed an acceptable area under curve for diagnosis, which is 0.812 (95% CI 0.734-0.890, p < 0.0001) and 0.821 (95% CI 0.752-0.890, p < 0.0001). This study indicates that taking consideration of native protein structure is key in developing TB's POCT by antibody-based diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desak Nyoman Surya Suameitria Dewi
- Department of Bacteriology, School of Medicine, Niigata University, Asahimachi-Dori 1-757, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan.
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Ciputra, CitraLand CBD Boulevard, Made, Kec. Sambikerep, Surabaya, 60219, Indonesia.
| | - Ni Made Mertaniasih
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Mayjen Prof. Dr. Moestopo 47, Surabaya, 60131, Indonesia.
- Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C Jl. Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia.
| | - Soedarsono
- Sub-Pulmonology Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hang Tuah University, Komplek Barat RSAL Dr. Ramelan, Jl. Gadung No.1, Jagir, Surabaya, 60111, Indonesia
| | - Kimika Hagino
- Department of Bacteriology, School of Medicine, Niigata University, Asahimachi-Dori 1-757, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Tomoya Yamazaki
- Department of Bacteriology, School of Medicine, Niigata University, Asahimachi-Dori 1-757, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Yuriko Ozeki
- Department of Bacteriology, School of Medicine, Niigata University, Asahimachi-Dori 1-757, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Wayan Tunas Artama
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Fauna 2 Karangmalang, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
- One Health/Eco-Health Resource Center, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Teknika Utara, Barek, Sleman, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Haruka Kobayashi
- Department of Bacteriology, School of Medicine, Niigata University, Asahimachi-Dori 1-757, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Erina Inouchi
- Department of Bacteriology, School of Medicine, Niigata University, Asahimachi-Dori 1-757, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yoshida
- Department of Bacteriology, School of Medicine, Niigata University, Asahimachi-Dori 1-757, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ishikawa
- Department of Bacteriology, School of Medicine, Niigata University, Asahimachi-Dori 1-757, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
- Fukuyama Zoo, 276‑1, Fukuda, Ashida‑cho, Fukuyama, Hiroshima, 720‑1264, Japan
| | - Amina Kaboso Shaban
- Department of Bacteriology, School of Medicine, Niigata University, Asahimachi-Dori 1-757, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Tateishi
- Department of Bacteriology, School of Medicine, Niigata University, Asahimachi-Dori 1-757, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Akihito Nishiyama
- Department of Bacteriology, School of Medicine, Niigata University, Asahimachi-Dori 1-757, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Manabu Ato
- Department of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Aoba-cho 4-2-1, Higashimurayama-shi, Tokyo, 189-0002, Japan
| | - Sohkichi Matsumoto
- Department of Bacteriology, School of Medicine, Niigata University, Asahimachi-Dori 1-757, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan.
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Mayjen Prof. Dr. Moestopo 47, Surabaya, 60131, Indonesia.
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Dahiya B, Prasad T, Rais A, Sheoran A, Kamra E, Mor P, Soni A, Sharma S, Mehta PK. Quantification of mycobacterial proteins in extrapulmonary tuberculosis cases by nano-based real-time immuno-PCR. Future Microbiol 2023; 18:771-783. [PMID: 37540117 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2023-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) is difficult, and a rapid and dependable diagnostic test is urgently needed. Methods: A nano-based assay, SYBR Green magnetic bead-coupled gold nanoparticle-based real-time immuno-polymerase chain reaction (MB-AuNP-RT-I-PCR) was studied for the quantitative detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis MPT-64+CFP-10 proteins in clinically suspected EPTB patients. Results: A wide range (270 fg/ml-9.9 ng/ml) of MPT-64+CFP-10 was quantified by MB-AuNP-RT-I-PCR in EPTB cases, whereas magneto-ELISA demonstrated a narrow range (1.8-10 ng/ml). Furthermore, high sensitivity (88.2%) and specificity (100%) were attained by MB-AuNP-RT-I-PCR in EPTB (n = 51) and non-TB control (n = 49) subjects, respectively. Both MB-AuNP-I-PCR/magneto-ELISA exhibited significantly lower (p < 0.05-0.01) sensitivities than MB-AuNP-RT-I-PCR. Conclusion: The MB-AuNP-RT-I-PCR described herein shows good diagnostic accuracy, which may translate into a credible diagnostic kit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawna Dahiya
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Tulika Prasad
- Special Centre for Nano Science & Advanced Instrumentation Research Facility, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Anam Rais
- Special Centre for Nano Science & Advanced Instrumentation Research Facility, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Abhishek Sheoran
- Department of Statistics, Ramanujan College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110019, India
| | - Ekta Kamra
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Preeti Mor
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Aishwarya Soni
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Suman Sharma
- Department of Pathology, University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Promod K Mehta
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India
- Present address: Microbiology Department, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, Gurugram, 122505, Haryana, India
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Soni A, Guliani A, Nehra K, Mehta PK. Insight into diagnosis of pleural tuberculosis with special focus on nucleic acid amplification tests. Expert Rev Respir Med 2022; 16:887-906. [PMID: 35728039 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2022.2093189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pleural tuberculosis (TB) is the archetype of extrapulmonary TB (EPTB), which mainly affects the pleural space and leads to exudative pleural effusion. Diagnosis of pleural TB is a difficult task predominantly due to atypical clinical presentations and sparse bacillary load in clinical specimens. AREA COVERED We reviewed the current literature on the globally existing conventional/latest modalities for diagnosing pleural TB. Bacteriological examination (smear/culture), tuberculin skin testing/interferon-γ release assays, biochemical testing, imaging and histopathological/cytological examination are the main modalities. Moreover, nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs), i.e. loop-mediated isothermal amplification, PCR/multiplex-PCR, nested-PCR, real-time PCR and GeneXpert® MTB/RIF are being utilized. Currently, GeneXpert Ultra, Truenat MTBTM, detection of circulating Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) cell-free DNA by NAATs, aptamer-linked immobilized sorbent assay and immuno-PCR (I-PCR) have also been exploited. EXPERT OPINION Routine tests are not adequate for effective pleural TB diagnosis. The latest molecular/immunological tests as discussed above, and the other tools, i.e. real-time I-PCR/nanoparticle-based I-PCR and identification of Mtb biomarkers within urinary/serum extracellular vesicles being utilized for pulmonary TB and other EPTB types may also be exploited to diagnose pleural TB. Reliable diagnosis and early therapy would reduce the serious complications associated with pleural TB, i.e. TB empyema, pleural fibrosis, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Soni
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, Sonipat-131039, India
| | - Astha Guliani
- Department of TB & Respiratory Medicine, Pt. BD Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak-124001, India
| | - Kiran Nehra
- Department of Biotechnology, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, Sonipat-131039, India
| | - Promod K Mehta
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001, India
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Mor P, Dahiya B, Sharma S, Sheoran A, Parshad S, Malhotra P, Gulati P, Mehta PK. Diagnosis of peritoneal tuberculosis by real-time immuno-PCR assay based on detection of a cocktail of Mycobacterium tuberculosis CFP-10 and HspX proteins. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 16:577-586. [PMID: 35678762 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2022.2088509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diagnosis of peritoneal TB is difficult owing to unusual clinical manifestations and low sensitivities obtained with most of the available diagnostic modalities. Hence, there is an urgent need to design a reliable diagnostic test so that an early therapy is initiated. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We designed a quantitative real-time immuno-PCR (RT-I-PCR) assay to detect a cocktail of Mycobacterium tuberculosis CFP-10 (Rv3874) and HspX (Rv2031c) proteins in clinical samples (ascitic fluids and peritoneal biopsies) of peritoneal TB patients, and results were compared with I-PCR/ELISA. RESULTS A wide range of CFP-10+ HspX (0.6 pg/mL to 9.9 ng/mL) was detected in clinical samples of peritoneal TB patients by RT-I-PCR, whereas ELISA exhibited a narrow range (3 ng/mL to 11.5 ng/mL). Sensitivities of 81.5% and 65.7% and specificities of 92.5% and 90% were obtained in a total of 78 cases (comprising 38 peritoneal TB and 40 non-TB controls) by RT-I-PCR and I-PCR, respectively. Markedly, sensitivity obtained by RT-I-PCR was significantly higher than I-PCR (p = 0.0143) and ELISA (p = 0.0005). CONCLUSIONS Our RT-I-PCR revealed good accuracy for the rapid diagnosis of peritoneal TB cases. After further improving the specificity and reducing the cost, this assay may develop into a diagnostic kit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Mor
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Bhawna Dahiya
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Suman Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, India
| | - Abhishek Sheoran
- Department of Statistics, Ramanujan College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjeev Parshad
- Department of General Surgery, University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, India
| | - Parveen Malhotra
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, India
| | - Pooja Gulati
- Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Promod K Mehta
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
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Dahiya B, Kamra E, Alam D, Chauhan M, Mehta PK. Insight into diagnosis of female genital tuberculosis. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2021; 22:625-642. [PMID: 34882522 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2022.2016395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Female genital tuberculosis (TB) is a common manifestation of extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) with varied clinical presentations, i.e. infertility, pelvic pain and menstrual irregularities. Diagnosis of female genital TB is challenging predominantly due to paucibacillary nature of specimens and inconclusive results obtained by most of the routine laboratory tests. AREAS COVERED This review has briefly summarized the epidemiology, clinical features and transmission of female genital TB. Commonly used laboratory tests include bacteriological examination (smear/culture), tuberculin skin testing, interferon-γ release assays, imaging, laparoscopy/hysteroscopy and histopathological/cytological observations. Further, utility of nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs), like loop-mediated isothermal amplification, PCR, multiplex-PCR, nested PCR, real-time PCR and GeneXpert® could significantly improve the detection of female genital TB. EXPERT OPINION Currently, there is no single test available for the efficient diagnosis of female genital TB, rather a combination of tests is being employed, which yields moderate diagnostic accuracy. The latest modalities developed for diagnosing pulmonary TB and other clinical EPTB forms, i.e. aptamer-linked immobilized sorbent assay, immuno-PCR (I-PCR), analysis of circulating cell-free DNA by NAATs, and identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis biomarkers within extracellular vesicles of bodily fluids by I-PCR/nanoparticle-based I-PCR, may also be exploited to further improve the diagnosis of female genital TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawna Dahiya
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001, Haryana, India
| | - Ekta Kamra
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001, Haryana, India
| | - Danish Alam
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001, Haryana, India
| | - Meenakshi Chauhan
- Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pt. B.D. Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak-124001, Haryana, India
| | - Promod K Mehta
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001, Haryana, India
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Ultra-sensitive AAV capsid detection by immunocapture-based qPCR following factor VIII gene transfer. Gene Ther 2021; 29:94-105. [PMID: 34421119 PMCID: PMC8856957 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-021-00287-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based gene therapy vectors are replication-incompetent and thus pose minimal risk for horizontal transmission or release into the environment. In studies with AAV5-FVIII-SQ (valoctocogene roxaparvovec), an investigational gene therapy for hemophilia A, residual vector DNA was detectable in blood, secreta, and excreta, but it remained unclear how long structurally intact AAV5 vector capsids were present. Since a comprehensive assessment of vector shedding is required by regulatory agencies, we developed a new method (termed iqPCR) that utilizes capsid-directed immunocapture followed by qPCR amplification of encapsidated DNA. The limit of detection for AAV5 vector capsids was 1.17E+04 and 2.33E+04 vg/mL in plasma and semen, respectively. Acceptable precision, accuracy, selectivity, and specificity were verified; up to 1.00E+09 vg/mL non-encapsidated vector DNA showed no interference. Anti-AAV5 antibody plasma concentrations above 141 ng/mL decreased AAV5 capsid quantification, suggesting that iqPCR mainly detects free capsids and not those complexed with antibodies. In a clinical study, AAV5-FVIII-SQ capsids were found in plasma and semen but became undetectable within nine weeks after dose administration. Hence, iqPCR monitors the presence and shedding kinetics of intact vector capsids following AAV gene therapy and informs the potential risk for horizontal transmission.
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Multiplex protein profiling method for extracellular vesicle protein detection. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12477. [PMID: 34127763 PMCID: PMC8203679 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92012-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small nanometer-sized membrane sacs secreted into biological fluids by all cells. EVs encapsulate proteins, RNAs and metabolites from its origin cell and play important roles in intercellular communication events. Over the past decade, EVs have become a new emerging source for cancer diagnostics. One of the challenges in the study of EVs and there utility as diagnostic biomarkers is the amount of EVs needed for traditional protein analysis methods. Here, we present a new immuno-PCR method that takes advantage of commercially available TotalSeq antibodies containing DNA conjugated oligos to identify immobilized protein analysts using real-time qPCR. Using this method, we demonstrate that multiple EV surface proteins can be profiled simultaneously with high sensitivity and specificity. This approach was also successfully applied to similar protocol using cell and serum samples. We further described the development of a micro-size exclusion chromatography method, where we were able to detect EV surface proteins with as little as 10 μL of human serum when combined with immuno-PCR. Overall, these results show that the immuno-PCR method results in rapid detection of multiple EV markers from small sample volumes in a single tube.
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Yang J, Xiao X, Xia L, Li G, Shui L. Microfluidic Magnetic Analyte Delivery Technique for Separation, Enrichment, and Fluorescence Detection of Ultratrace Biomarkers. Anal Chem 2021; 93:8273-8280. [PMID: 34061492 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A microfluidic magnetic analyte delivery (μMAD) technique was developed to realize sample preparation and ultrasensitive biomarker detection. A simply designed microfluidic device was employed to carry out this technique, including a poly(dimethylsiloxane)-glass hybrid microchip having four straight rectangular channels and a permanent magnet. In the μMAD process, functionalized magnetic beads (MBs) were used to recognize and isolate analytes from a complex sample matrix, deliver analytes into tiny microchannels, and preconcentrate analytes in the magnetic trapping/detection region for in situ fluorescence detection. In the feasibility study and sensitivity optimization, horseradish peroxidase-labeled MBs were used, and critical parameters for the signal amplification performance of μMAD were carefully evaluated. At optimized conditions, a sensitivity improvement of at least 2 orders of magnitude was achieved. As a proof of concept, μMAD was combined with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were selected as model biomarkers. The limits of detection (LODs) of μMAD-ELISA were as low as 0.29 pg/mL for CEA, 0.047 pg/mL for PSA, and 0.021 pg/mL for IL-6, which corresponded to an over 200-fold reduction compared to their commercial ELISA results. Meanwhile, μMAD-ELISA revealed high selectivity and reproducibility. In clinical sample analysis, good accuracy was acquired for human serum analysis relative to commercial ELISA kits, and satisfied recoveries of 85.1-102% with RSDs of 1.7-9.8% for IL-6 and 84.7-113% with RSDs of 3.2-8.3% for interferon-γ were obtained. This ultrasensitive and easy operation technique provides a valuable approach for trace-level biomarker detection for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiani Yang
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xiaohua Xiao
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Ling Xia
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Gongke Li
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Lingling Shui
- School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Kamra E, Mehta PK. Current updates in diagnosis of male urogenital tuberculosis. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2021; 19:1175-1190. [PMID: 33688791 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2021.1902305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Urogenital tuberculosis (UGTB) is a common manifestation of extrapulmonary TB (EPTB), which affects both men and women in a ratio of 2:1. Similar to other EPTB types, diagnosis of UGTB is quite challenging owing to atypical clinical presentation and paucibacillary nature of specimens. This review is primarily focused on the current updates developed in the diagnosis of male UGTB.Area covered: Smear/culture, imaging, histopathology, and interferon-γ release assays are the main modalities employed for detecting male UGTB cases. Moreover, we described the utility of nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs), including loop-mediated isothermal amplification, PCR, nested-PCR, and GeneXpert (MTB/RIF) assays. The possibility of using other novel modalities, such as immuno-PCR (I-PCR), aptamer-linked immobilized sorbent assay (ALISA), and identification of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) by NAATs were also discussed.Expert opinion: The current methods used for the diagnosis of male UGTB are not adequate. Therefore, the latest molecular/immunological tools, i.e. Xpert Ultra, Truenat MTBTM, I-PCR, ALISA, and cfDNA detection employed for the diagnosis of other EPTB forms and pulmonary TB may also be exploited for UGTB diagnosis. Reliable and timely diagnosis of male UGTB may initiate an early start of anti-tubercular therapy that would reduce infertility and other complications associated with disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekta Kamra
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Promod K Mehta
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
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Electrochemical biosensors for measurement of colorectal cancer biomarkers. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:2407-2428. [PMID: 33666711 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03197-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is associated with one of the highest rates of mortality among cancers worldwide. The early detection and management of CRC is imperative. Biomarkers play an important role in CRC screening tests, CRC treatment, and prognosis and clinical management; thus rapid and sensitive detection of biomarkers is helpful for early detection of CRC. In recent years, electrochemical biosensors for detecting CRC biomarkers have been widely investigated. In this review, different electrochemical detection methods for CRC biomarkers including immunosensors, aptasensors, and genosensors are summarized. Further, representative examples are provided that demonstrate the advantages of electrochemical sensors modified by various nanomaterials. Finally, the limitations and prospects of biomarkers and electrochemical sensors in detection are also discussed. Graphical abstract.
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Abstract
Mycobacterial infections are widely distributed in animals and cause considerable economic losses, especially in livestock animals. Bovine paratuberculosis and bovine tuberculosis, which are representative mycobacterial infections in cattle, are difficult to diagnose using current-generation diagnostics due to their relatively long incubation periods. Thus, alternative diagnostic tools are needed for the detection of mycobacterial infections in cattle. A biomarker is an indicator present in biological fluids that reflects the biological state of an individual during the progression of a specific disease. Therefore, biomarkers are considered a potential diagnostic tool for various diseases. Recently, the number of studies investigating biomarkers as tools for diagnosing mycobacterial infections has increased. In human medicine, many diagnostic biomarkers have been developed and applied in clinical practice. In veterinary medicine, however, many such developments are still in the early stages. In this review, we summarize the current progress in biomarker research related to the development of diagnostic biomarkers for mycobacterial infections in cattle.
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Zhao L, Zhou H, Sun T, Liu W, He H, Ning B, Li S, Peng Y, Han D, Zhao Z, Cui J, Gao Z. Complete antigen-bridged DNA strand displacement amplification immuno-PCR assay for ultrasensitive detection of salbutamol. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 748:142330. [PMID: 33113707 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring of low-level analytes are typical examples for analytical challenges. Salbutamol (SAL), a phenol-β2-agonist, has a very low residual content in the environment. Here, we present an ultrasensitive complete antigen-bridged PCR assay for detecting salbutamol (SAL). These DNA probes modified SAL complete antigens target recognition SAL antibodies and agglutinate synthetic DNA conjugates, thus enabling ligation of DNA probes to form a full-length DNA amplicon that contained a recognition site for cleavage endonuclease and subsequent quantification by qPCR. Moreover, SAL antibodies were modified with magnetic beads which were used to reduce the background noise and sample matrix effect, and the DNA signals were isothermally amplified by strand displacement amplification technology. Some key parameters which influence assay performance were optimized: the length of the bridge oligonucleotide, the concentration of immunomagnetic beads, SAL probes, and initiation chain, etc. Under the optimum conditions, the signal amplification of proposed Immuno-PCR assay for the detection of SAL was exponential, resulting in high potential sensitivity(~1 fg/mL) and a broad detection dynamic range (> 105 fold). Using this proposed method, we detected SAL in spiked tap water and urine samples with acceptable recoveries ranging from 88.1 to 103.3%. Theoretically, the method developed here has broad applicability and practical utility in immunoassays of a wide variety of analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingdi Zhao
- Tianjin Institute Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China; Hebei University of Science & Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050018, China
| | - Huanying Zhou
- Tianjin Institute Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Tieqiang Sun
- Tianjin Institute Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Wentao Liu
- Tianjin Institute Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Hongwei He
- Tianjin Institute Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Baoan Ning
- Tianjin Institute Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Tianjin Institute Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Yuan Peng
- Tianjin Institute Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Dianpeng Han
- Tianjin Institute Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Zunquan Zhao
- Tianjin Institute Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Jiansheng Cui
- Hebei University of Science & Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050018, China.
| | - Zhixian Gao
- Tianjin Institute Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China.
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Dahiya B, Prasad T, Singh V, Khan A, Kamra E, Mor P, Yadav A, Gupta KB, Mehta PK. Diagnosis of tuberculosis by nanoparticle-based immuno-PCR assay based on mycobacterial MPT64 and CFP-10 detection. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2020; 15:2609-2624. [PMID: 33090059 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2020-0258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To improve the diagnostic accuracy of immuno-PCR (I-PCR) in tuberculosis (TB) patients by using functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) coupled with detection antibodies and oligonucleotides, and magnetic beads (MBs) conjugated with capture antibodies in the liquid phase. Materials & methods: MB-coupled AuNP-based I-PCR (MB-AuNP-I-PCR) assay was designed to detect a cocktail of Mycobacterium tuberculosis MPT64 and CFP-10 proteins in bodily fluids of TB patients. Results: The sensitivities of 89.3 (n = 94) and 78.1% (n = 73) were observed in pulmonary TB and extrapulmonary TB patients, respectively, with specificities of 97.9-98.3%. Notably, the sensitivities attained by MB-AuNP-I-PCR in smear-negative pulmonary TB and extrapulmonary TB patients were significantly higher (p < 0.05-0.001) than Magneto-ELISA and GeneXpert assay. Conclusion: The improved technology, as well as enhanced diagnostic accuracy of MB-AuNP-I-PCR, may lead to development of an attractive diagnostic kit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawna Dahiya
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University (MDU), Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Tulika Prasad
- Special Centre for Nano Science & Advanced Instrumentation Research & Facility (AIRF), Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Vishwajeet Singh
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Anish Khan
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University (MDU), Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Ekta Kamra
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University (MDU), Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Preeti Mor
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University (MDU), Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Aparna Yadav
- Department of Microbiology, University of Health Sciences (UHS), Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Krishna B Gupta
- Department of TB & Respiratory Medicine, UHS, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Promod K Mehta
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University (MDU), Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
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Chavan D, Chen H, Crum M, Vu B, Safari M, Smith M, Vekilov P, Conrad JC, Kourentzi K, Willson RC. Neutral DNA-avidin nanoparticles as ultrasensitive reporters in immuno-PCR. Analyst 2020; 145:4942-4949. [PMID: 32500871 PMCID: PMC7412439 DOI: 10.1039/d0an00134a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We have developed an immuno-PCR based diagnostic platform which couples detection antibodies to self-assembled, ultra-detectable DNA-avidin nanoparticles stabilized with poly(ethylene glycol) to link DNA amplification to target protein concentration. Electrostatic neutralization and cloaking of the PCR-amplifiable DNA labels by avidin and PEG coating reduces non-specific "stickiness" and enhances assay sensitivity. We further optimized the detectability of the nanoparticles by incorporating four repeats of a unique synthetic DNA PCR target into each nanoparticle. Using human chorionic gonadotropin hormone (hCG) as a model analyte, this platform was able to quantitate the target hCG protein in femtomolar concentrations using only standard laboratory equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimple Chavan
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Mary Crum
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Binh Vu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Mohammad Safari
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Maxwell Smith
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Peter Vekilov
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Jacinta C. Conrad
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Katerina Kourentzi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Richard C. Willson
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud ITESM Monterrey, Mexico
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15
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Singh N, Huang L, Wang DB, Shao N, Zhang XE. Simultaneous Detection of a Cluster of Differentiation Markers on Leukemia-Derived Exosomes by Multiplex Immuno-Polymerase Chain Reaction via Capillary Electrophoresis Analysis. Anal Chem 2020; 92:10569-10577. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Netrapal Singh
- Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
- CAS Center for Biological Macromolecules, National Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China
| | - Lin Huang
- CAS Center for Biological Macromolecules, National Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China
| | - Dian-Bing Wang
- CAS Center for Biological Macromolecules, National Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China
| | - Nan Shao
- CAS Center for Biological Macromolecules, National Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China
| | - Xian-En Zhang
- Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
- CAS Center for Biological Macromolecules, National Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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16
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Dahiya B, Sharma S, Khan A, Kamra E, Mor P, Sheoran A, Sreenivas V, Varma-Basil M, Gupta KB, Gupta MC, Chaudhary D, Mehta PK. Detection of mycobacterial CFP-10 (Rv3874) protein in tuberculosis patients by gold nanoparticle-based real-time immuno-PCR. Future Microbiol 2020; 15:601-612. [PMID: 32490745 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2019-0347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Timely and reliable diagnostic test for tuberculosis (TB) is immediately required. Attempts were made to improve the technology and diagnostic potential of real-time immuno-PCR (RT-I-PCR). Methods: We designed gold nanoparticle (GNP)-based RT-I-PCR (GNP-RT-I-PCR) assay for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis CFP-10 (Rv3874) protein in clinical samples of TB patients. Results: A wide quantitative detection range of CFP-10 was found to be 0.5-5 × 104 pg/ml in bodily fluids of TB patients, which can evaluate the progression of disease. Moreover, sensitivities of 83.7 and 76.2% were observed in pulmonary (n = 49) and extrapulmonary TB (n = 42) patients, respectively, with specificities of 93.5-93.8% (n = 63). Conclusion: Conjugation of detection antibodies and oligonucleotides to functionalized GNPs of GNP-RT-I-PCR is relatively easier, compared with streptavidin-biotin/succinimidyl-4-(N-maleimidomethyl) cyclohexane-1-carboxylate system employed in RT-I-PCR. Our assay also showed better diagnostic performance than RT-I-PCR, which may provide a viable platform for the development of an efficient TB diagnostic test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawna Dahiya
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University (MDU), Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Suman Sharma
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University (MDU), Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Anish Khan
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University (MDU), Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Ekta Kamra
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University (MDU), Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Preeti Mor
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University (MDU), Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Abhishek Sheoran
- Department of Statistics, Ramanujan College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110019, India
| | - Vishnubhatla Sreenivas
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Mandira Varma-Basil
- Department of Microbiology, Vallabhbhai Patel (VP) Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Krishna B Gupta
- Department of TB & Respiratory Medicine, University of Health Sciences (UHS), Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Mahesh C Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, UHS, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Dhruva Chaudhary
- Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, UHS, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Promod K Mehta
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University (MDU), Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
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Mondal B, Ramlal S, Setlem K, Mahadeva A, Aradhya S, Parida M. A real-time immunocapture PCR (RT-IPCR) without interference of protein A for convenient detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin B from food and environmental samples. ANN MICROBIOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s13213-020-01567-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
A real-time immunocapture PCR (RT-IPCR) has been fabricated for the detection of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B (SEB) from food and environmental samples.
Methods
Considering the fact, anti-SEB immunoglobulin G (IgG) has affinity towards protein A, produced by nearly all S. aureus, and generates false-positive read out in all immuno-based assay. We have employed avian anti-SEB antibody (SEB-IgY) as capture probe, since IgY interact less efficiently to protein A and biotinylated SEB-specific monoclonal antibody (SEB -MAb) conjugated with reporter DNA as revealing probe for real-time PCR amplification and signal generation. Sensitivity and selectivity of the assay were evaluated employing closely related enterotoxins and other toxins.
Results
The RT-IPCR is highly specific and sensitive (100 fg/mL). The practical applicability of the assay was tested using spiked food sample as well as naturally contaminated food samples. The sensitivity and specificity of RT-IPCR were not compromised by the foods tested and was able to detect SEB conveniently. Further, the assay was validated comparing with the in-house developed PCR, and plausible result was obtained.
Conclusion
The developed assay can be utilized as a low-cost detection system of SEB in routine food testing laboratories.
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18
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Dahiya B, Khan A, Mor P, Kamra E, Singh N, Gupta KB, Sheoran A, Sreenivas V, Mehta PK. Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis lipoarabinomannan and CFP-10 (Rv3874) from urinary extracellular vesicles of tuberculosis patients by immuno-PCR. Pathog Dis 2020; 77:5565047. [PMID: 31549171 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftz049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), the small circulating vesicles released from urine samples of tuberculosis (TB) patients, contain a pool of biomarkers. We recently detected Mycobacterium tuberculosis lipoarabinomannan (LAM) and CFP-10 (Rv3874) biomarkers from the urinary EVs of pulmonary TB (PTB) and extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) patients by immuno-polymerase chain reaction (I-PCR) assay and the results were compared with the analogous enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The detection limits of both purified LAM and CFP-10 were determined to be 1 fg/mL with I-PCR, which was 106 times lower than ELISA. Detection of LAM and CFP-10 biomarkers in urinary EVs of TB patients by I-PCR showed superiority over ELISA. Notably, LAM I-PCR revealed sensitivities of 74.3 and 67.9% in PTB (n = 74) and EPTB (n = 53) patients, respectively, with specificities of 91.5-92.8% (n = 116). Moreover, the sensitivities attained with LAM I-PCR were significantly higher (P < 0.01) than with CFP-10 I-PCR. After further improving the sensitivity and specificity of the assay, our I-PCR based on LAM detection in urinary EVs may be used as an adjunct test for rapid diagnosis of TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawna Dahiya
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University (MDU), Rohtak-124001 (Haryana), India
| | - Anish Khan
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University (MDU), Rohtak-124001 (Haryana), India
| | - Preeti Mor
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University (MDU), Rohtak-124001 (Haryana), India
| | - Ekta Kamra
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University (MDU), Rohtak-124001 (Haryana), India
| | - Netrapal Singh
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University (MDU), Rohtak-124001 (Haryana), India
| | - Krishna B Gupta
- Department of TB & Respiratory Medicine, University of Health Sciences (UHS), Rohtak-124001, India
| | - Abhishek Sheoran
- Department of Statistics, Ramanujan College, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110019, India
| | - Vishnubhatla Sreenivas
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029, India
| | - Promod K Mehta
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University (MDU), Rohtak-124001 (Haryana), India
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Stefan-van Staden RI, Ilie-Mihai RM, Gurzu S. Simultaneous Determination of Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA), Carbohydrate Antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), and Serum Protein p53 in Biological Samples with Protoporphyrin IX (PIX) Used for Recognition by Stochastic Microsensors. ANAL LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2020.1747480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Raluca-Ioana Stefan-van Staden
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry and PATLAB, National Institute of Research for Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Material Science, Politehnica University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ruxandra-Maria Ilie-Mihai
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry and PATLAB, National Institute of Research for Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Material Science, Politehnica University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Simona Gurzu
- Department of Pathology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, Targu-Mures, Romania
- Department of Pathology, Clinical County Emergency Hospital, Targu-Mures, Romania
- Department of Pathology, Research Center (CCAMF), Targu-Mures, Romania
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20
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Dahiya B, Mehta PK. Detection of potential biomarkers associated with outrageous diseases and environmental pollutants by nanoparticle-based immuno-PCR assays. Anal Biochem 2019; 587:113444. [PMID: 31545948 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2019.113444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Immuno-polymerase chain reaction (I-PCR) assay with advantages of both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and PCR exhibits several-fold enhanced sensitivity in comparison to respective ELISA, which has wide applications for ultralow detection of several molecules, i.e. cytokines, protooncogenes and biomarkers associated with several diseases. Conjugation of reporter DNA to the detection antibodies is the most crucial step of I-PCR assay that usually employs streptavidin-protein A, streptavidin-biotin conjugate or succinimidyl-4-(N-maleimidomethyl) cyclohexane-1-carboxylate (SMCC) system by a covalent binding. However, coupling of antibodies and oligonucleotides to nanoparticles (NPs) is relatively easier in the NP-based I-PCR (NP-I-PCR) that also displays better accuracy. This article is mainly focused on the detection of important biomarkers associated with several outrageous infectious and non-infectious diseases by NP-I-PCR assays, which would expedite an early initiation of therapy thus human health would be improved. Similarly, ultralow detection of environmental pollutants by these assays and their elimination would certainly improve human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawna Dahiya
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University (MDU), Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Promod K Mehta
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University (MDU), Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India.
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21
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Ozoemena OC, Shai LJ, Maphumulo T, Ozoemena KI. Electrochemical Sensing of Dopamine Using Onion-like Carbons and Their Carbon Nanofiber Composites. Electrocatalysis (N Y) 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12678-019-00520-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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22
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Chang YF, Huang YQ, Wu KM, Jou AFJ, Shih NY, Ho JAA. Diagnosing the RGS11 Lung Cancer Biomarker: The Integration of Competitive Immunoassay and Isothermal Nucleic Acid Exponential Amplification Reaction. Anal Chem 2019; 91:3327-3335. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Feng Chang
- BioAnalytical Chemistry and Nanobiomedicine Laboratory, Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Qi Huang
- BioAnalytical Chemistry and Nanobiomedicine Laboratory, Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Ming Wu
- Chest Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei 25160, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, Taipei 25245, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei 25245, Taiwan
| | - Amily Fang-Ju Jou
- BioAnalytical Chemistry and Nanobiomedicine Laboratory, Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Neng-Yao Shih
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 70456, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaoshiung Medical University, Kaoshiung, Taiwan
| | - Ja-an Annie Ho
- BioAnalytical Chemistry and Nanobiomedicine Laboratory, Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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23
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Sharma S, Sheoran A, Gupta KB, Yadav A, Varma-Basil M, Sreenivas V, Chaudhary D, Mehta PK. Quantitative detection of a cocktail of mycobacterial MPT64 and PstS1 in tuberculosis patients by real-time immuno-PCR. Future Microbiol 2019; 14:223-233. [PMID: 30663893 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2018-0284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM There is an urgent need to design a reliable diagnostic test for tuberculosis (TB). METHODS Real-time immuno-PCR (RT-I-PCR) assay was devised for the quantitative detection of a cocktail of mycobacterial MPT64 (Rv1980c) and PstS1 (Rv0934) in TB patients. RESULTS A broad dynamic range of 0.95 pg/ml-95 ng/ml of MPT64+PstS1 was detected in TB patients. In smear-positive (n = 59) and smear-negative (n = 42) pulmonary TB cases, sensitivities of 93.2 and 83.3% were observed, respectively with 92.8% specificity, whereas a sensitivity of 77.9% and a specificity of 91.3% were observed in extrapulmonary TB cases (n = 86). Furthermore, significantly reduced MPT64+PstS1 concentrations (p < 0.001) were noticed in patients on therapy by RT-I-PCR as compared with untreated patients. CONCLUSION Our RT-I-PCR assay revealed high sensitivity especially for the rapid diagnosis of smear-negative pulmonary TB and paucibacillary extrapulmonary TB samples, which could also monitor the dynamics of disease in patients on therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Sharma
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001, India
| | - Abhishek Sheoran
- Department of Statistics, Ramanujan College, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110019, India
| | - Krishna B Gupta
- Department of TB & Respiratory Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Rohtak-124001, India
| | - Aparna Yadav
- Department of Microbiology, University of Health Sciences, Rohtak-124001, India
| | - Mandira Varma-Basil
- Microbiology Department, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110007, India
| | - Vishnubhatla Sreenivas
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029, India
| | - Dhruva Chaudhary
- Department of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Rohtak-124001, India
| | - Promod K Mehta
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001, India
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24
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Anwar A, Siddiqui R, Khan NA. Importance of Theranostics in Rare Brain-Eating Amoebae Infections. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:6-12. [PMID: 30149693 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic free-living amoebae including Acanthamoeba spp., Balamuthia mandrillaris, and Naegleria fowleri cause infections of the central nervous system (CNS), which almost always prove fatal. The mortality rate is high with the CNS infections caused by these microbes despite modern developments in healthcare and antimicrobial chemotherapy. The low awareness, delayed diagnosis, and lack of effective drugs are major hurdles to overcome these challenges. Nanomaterials have emerged as vital tools for concurrent diagnosis and therapy, which are commonly referred to as theranostics. Nanomaterials offer highly sensitive diagnostic systems and viable therapeutic effects as a single modality. There has been good progress to develop nanomaterials based efficient theranostic systems against numerous kinds of tumors, but this field is yet immature in the context of infectious diseases, particularly parasitic infections. Herein, we describe the potential value of theranostic applications of nanomaterials against brain infections due to pathogenic amoebae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaz Anwar
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
| | - Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
| | - Naveed Ahmed Khan
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
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25
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Abstract
The varied landscape of the adaptive immune response is determined by the peptides presented by immune cells, derived from viral or microbial pathogens or cancerous cells. The study of immune biomarkers or antigens is not new, and classical methods such as agglutination, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, or Western blotting have been used for many years to study the immune response to vaccination or disease. However, in many of these traditional techniques, protein or peptide identification has often been the bottleneck. Recent progress in genomics and mass spectrometry have led to many of the rapid advances in proteomics approaches. Immunoproteomics describes a rapidly growing collection of approaches that have the common goal of identifying and measuring antigenic peptides or proteins. This includes gel-based, array-based, mass spectrometry-based, DNA-based, or in silico approaches. Immunoproteomics is yielding an understanding of disease and disease progression, vaccine candidates, and biomarkers. This review gives an overview of immunoproteomics and closely related technologies that are used to define the full set of protein antigens targeted by the immune system during disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M Fulton
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Isabel Baltat
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Susan M Twine
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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26
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Singh N, Dahiya B, Radhakrishnan VS, Prasad T, Mehta PK. Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis purified ESAT-6 (Rv3875) by magnetic bead-coupled gold nanoparticle-based immuno-PCR assay. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:8523-8535. [PMID: 30587975 PMCID: PMC6296691 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s181052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Immuno-PCR (I-PCR), an ultrasensitive method, combines the versatility of ELISA with the exponential amplification capacity of PCR. Coupling of detection antibodies with the reporter DNA is a critical step of I-PCR. Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) and magnetic beads (MBs) are relatively easy to attach with the antibodies and DNA. Therefore, we designed MB-coupled GNP-based I-PCR (MB-GNP-I-PCR) assay for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen. METHODS GNPs were synthesized by chemical reduction and seed-mediated synthesis. Functionalized GNPs were prepared by coupling GNPs with the detection antibodies and reporter DNA and were characterized. Detection limit of M. tuberculosis-specific purified early secreted antigenic target-6 (ESAT-6) (Rv3875) was determined by MB-GNP-I-PCR. RESULTS Transmission electron microscopy revealed spherical and slightly polydispersed GNPs of ~20 and ~60 nm size. Coupling of antibodies to GNPs was indicated by a shift in absorption maxima from 524 to 534 nm, which was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. A color reaction with ELISA and the presence of 76 bp product by PCR further validated the coupling of detection antibodies and signal DNA to the functionalized GNPs. Also, attachment of capture antibodies with MBs was confirmed by magneto-ELISA. Detection limit of purified ESAT-6 by MB-GNP-I-PCR was determined to be 10 fg/mL, 105-fold lower than analogous ELISA. Notably, no sample matrix effect was observed in the saliva samples of healthy individuals spiked with the purified ESAT-6. CONCLUSION Unlike conventional I-PCR (solid format), MB-GNP-I-PCR (liquid format) is relatively simple with the reduced background signals, which can be further exploited for the clinical diagnosis of tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Netrapal Singh
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India,
- Institute of Synthetic Biology (iSynBio), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bhawna Dahiya
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India,
| | - Venkatraman Srinivasan Radhakrishnan
- Advanced Instrumentation Research & Facility (AIRF) and Special Centre for Nanoscience (SCNS), Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Delhi, Delhi, India,
| | - Tulika Prasad
- Advanced Instrumentation Research & Facility (AIRF) and Special Centre for Nanoscience (SCNS), Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Delhi, Delhi, India,
| | - Promod K Mehta
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India,
- Microbiology Department, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, India,
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Development and Evaluation of IgY Immunocapture PCR for Detection of Enteropathogenic E. coli Devoid of Protein A Interference. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.12.3.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Ahlawat S, Dabla S, Kumar V, Singh M, Bala K, Mehta PK. Role of Immuno-Polymerase Chain Reaction (I-PCR) in Resolving Diagnostic Dilemma Between Tuberculoma and Neurocysticercosis: A Case Report. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS 2018; 19:599-603. [PMID: 29795055 PMCID: PMC5994961 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.908624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculoma and neurocysticercosis (NCC) often show similar clinical and neuroimaging features. Differential diagnosis of these 2 diseases is imperative, as tuberculoma is an active infection that requires immediate anti-tubercular therapy (ATT). CASE REPORT We present the case of a 17-year-old Indian girl with fever, severe headache, and right 6th cranial nerve palsy. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed multiple tiny ring-enhancing lesions in bilateral cerebral parenchyma with mild perilesional edema, which were initially thought to be NCC, but subsequently were diagnosed as brain tuberculomas. Based on clinical findings, mildly increased choline/creatine ratio (1.35) with slight prominent lipid lactate peak and absence of alanine, succinate peak by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), and the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)-specific early-secreted antigenic target-6 (ESAT-6, Rv3875) protein from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by indirect ELISA, as well as indirect immuno-PCR (I-PCR) assay, diagnosis of brain tuberculomas associated with tuberculous meningitis (TBM) was confirmed, which was followed by ATT. The patient responded well and the symptoms resolved. CONCLUSIONS In this case, multiple ring-enhancing lesions of the brain by MRI were diagnosed as tuberculomas associated with TBM by MRS and indirect ELISA/I-PCR method, thus resolving the diagnostic dilemma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Ahlawat
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University (MDU), Rohtak, Haryana, India.,Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Manesar, Haryana, India
| | - Surekha Dabla
- Department of Neurology, University of Health Sciences (UHS), Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Vinay Kumar
- Department of Radiology, University of Health Sciences (UHS), Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Machiavelli Singh
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Manesar, Haryana, India
| | - Kiran Bala
- Department of Neurology, University of Health Sciences (UHS), Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Promod K Mehta
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University (MDU), Rohtak, Haryana, India
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Abud JE, Santamaría CG, Luque EH, Rodriguez HA. Development of a quantitative immuno-polymerase chain reaction assay to detect and quantify low levels of human thyroid stimulating hormone. Anal Biochem 2017; 539:134-143. [PMID: 29111317 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2017.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we developed both a conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a highly sensitive immuno-polymerase chain reaction (IPCR) assay specific for detection of human thyroid stimulating hormone (hTSH). Several anti-hTSH monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were generated using hybridoma technology. Two pairs of MAbs (B-4 and B-9) were rationally selected and the optimal assay conditions of sandwich ELISAs were established. The ELISA prototypes were evaluated with standards calibrated with WHO 2nd International Reference Preparation for hTSH and in comparison with a commercial ELISA Kit. Although the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.1 μIU/ml in all cases, B-9-ELISA showed an analytical performance similar to commercial ELISA Kit. Therefore, we selected the B-9 ELISA to develop a hTSH-IPCR assay applying an "Universal-IPCR" format in standard PCR tubes without pretreatment. The signal amplification was achieved through the interaction between the biotinylated detection MAb and mono-biotinylated DNA probe pre-self-assembled with neutravidin. The hTSH-IPCR assay showed a significant increase in terms of the slope definition of sensitivity in low levels range. Our results support the potential of IPCR technique for being applied in clinical diagnosis of thyroid states.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Abud
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, CONICET-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo s/n, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, CP3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - C G Santamaría
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, CONICET-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo s/n, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, CP3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - E H Luque
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, CONICET-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo s/n, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, CP3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - H A Rodriguez
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, CONICET-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo s/n, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, CP3000 Santa Fe, Argentina.
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30
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Immuno-PCR, a new technique for the serodiagnosis of tuberculosis. J Microbiol Methods 2017; 139:218-229. [PMID: 28527886 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Rapid and accurate diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) is essential to control the disease. The conventional microbiological tests have limitations and there is an urgent need to devise a simple, rapid and reliable point-of-care (POC) test. The failure of TB diagnostic tests based on antibody detection due to inconsistent and imprecise results has stimulated renewed interest in the development of rapid antigen detection methods. However, the World Health Organization (WHO) has emphasized to continue research for designing new antibody-based detection tests with improved accuracy. Immuno-polymerase chain reaction (I-PCR) combines the simplicity and versatility of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with the exponential amplification capacity and sensitivity of PCR thus leading to several-fold increase in sensitivity in comparison to analogous ELISA. In this review, we have described the serodiagnostic potential of I-PCR assays for an early diagnosis of TB based on the detection of potential mycobacterial antigens and circulating antibodies in body fluids of TB patients.
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31
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Abud JE, Luque EH, Ramos JG, Rodriguez HA. Production of monoclonal antibodies and development of a quantitative immuno-polymerase chain reaction assay to detect and quantify recombinant Glutathione S-transferase. Protein Expr Purif 2017; 135:16-23. [PMID: 28458052 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
GST-tagged proteins are important tools for the production of recombinant proteins. Removal of GST tag from its fusion protein, frequently by harsh chemical treatments or proteolytic methods, is often required. Thus, the monitoring of the proteins in tag-free form requires a significant effort to determine the remnants of GST during purification process. In the present study, we developed both a conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and an immuno-polymerase chain reaction (IPCR) assay, both specific for detection of recombinant GST (rGST). rGST was expressed in Escherichia coli JM109, using a pGEX4T-3 vector, and several anti-rGST monoclonal antibodies were generated using hybridoma technology. Two of these were rationally selected as capture and detection antibodies, allowing the development of a sandwich ELISA with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.01 μg/ml. To develop the rGST-IPCR assay, we selected "Universal-IPCR" format, comprising the biotin-avidin binding as the coupling system. In addition, the rGST-IPCR was developed in standard PCR tubes, and the surface adsorption of antibodies on PCR tubes, the optimal neutravidin concentrations, the generation of a reporter DNA and the concentration effect were studied and determined. Under optimized assay conditions, the rGST-IPCR assay provided a 100-fold increase in the LOD as well as an expanded working range, in comparison with rGST-ELISA. The proposed method exhibited great potentiality for application in several fields in which measurement of very low levels of GST is necessary, and might provide a model for other IPCR assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Abud
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, CONICET-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo s/n, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, CP3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - E H Luque
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, CONICET-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo s/n, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, CP3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - J G Ramos
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, CONICET-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo s/n, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, CP3000 Santa Fe, Argentina; Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica y Cuantitativa, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - H A Rodriguez
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, CONICET-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo s/n, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, CP3000 Santa Fe, Argentina.
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32
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Maerle AV, Voronina DV, Dobrochaeva KL, Galanina OE, Alekseev LP, Bovin NV, Zavriev SK, Ryazantsev DY. Immuno-PCR technology for detection of natural human antibodies against Le c disaccharide. Glycoconj J 2017; 34:199-205. [PMID: 28091939 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-016-9751-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The development of an immuno-PCR assay for quantitation of low amounts of anti-glycan human antibodies is described. The sensitivity of the assay for determination of low-affinity anti-LeC IgM has been found to be 4 ng/ml (~100 pg per sample), thus being two orders of magnitude higher compared to the conventional ELISA with the same antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daria V Voronina
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kira L Dobrochaeva
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Oxana E Galanina
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Leonid P Alekseev
- NRC Institute of Immunology, Federal Biomedical Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nicolai V Bovin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergei K Zavriev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitriy Yu Ryazantsev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Huang Z, Jiang Z, Zhao C, Han W, Lin L, Liu A, Weng S, Lin X. Simple and effective label-free electrochemical immunoassay for carbohydrate antigen 19-9 based on polythionine-Au composites as enhanced sensing signals for detecting different clinical samples. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:3049-3058. [PMID: 28450781 PMCID: PMC5399979 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s131805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) is an important biomarker for the early diagnosis and clinical monitoring of pancreatic cancer. Reliable, simple, and accurate methods for the detection of CA19-9 are still urgently needed. In this study, polythionine-Au composites (AuNPs@ PThi) were designed and prepared through one-pot reaction using HAuCl4 as the co-oxidant and raw material in thionine solution containing FeCl3 as the oxidant. AuNPs@PThi-immobilized glassy carbon electrode was used as a sensitive redox probe for electrochemical interface. AuNPs@PThi not only favored the amplification of electrochemical signals but also facilitated excellent environmental friendliness for bioassay. Maximizing the electrochemical properties of AuNPs@PThi, an effective label-free electrochemical immunoassay for the ultrasensitive and reliable detection of CA19-9 was developed. Under optimal conditions, the linear range of the proposed immunosensor was estimated to range from 6.5 to 520 U/mL, with a detection limit of 0.26 U/mL at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. The prepared immunosensor for CA19-9 detection showed high sensitivity, stability, and reproducibility. Furthermore, the fabricated immunosensor based on AuNPs@PThi can effectively detect and distinguish clinical serum samples of pancreatic cancer and normal control with accuracy and convenience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjun Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province
| | - Zhouqian Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province
| | - Chengfei Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province
| | - Wendi Han
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liqing Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province
- Correspondence: Liqing Lin; Shaohuang Weng, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, 1 North Xuefu Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, People’s Republic of China, Tel/fax +86 591 2286 2016, Email ;
| | - Ailin Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province
| | - Shaohuang Weng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province
- Correspondence: Liqing Lin; Shaohuang Weng, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, 1 North Xuefu Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, People’s Republic of China, Tel/fax +86 591 2286 2016, Email ;
| | - Xinhua Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province
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Sharma S, Raj A, Singh N, Dahiya B, Sheoran A, Gupta KB, Mehta PK. Development of real-time immuno-PCR for the quantitative detection of mycobacterial PstS1 in tuberculosis patients. J Microbiol Methods 2016; 132:134-138. [PMID: 27940201 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A novel indirect real-time immuno-polymerase chain reaction (RT-I-PCR) assay, an evolution of I-PCR, was developed for the quantitative detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis PstS1 (Rv0934) with a wide dynamic range of 10ng/mL to 1pg/mL in body fluids of tuberculosis (TB) patients, which may monitor the dynamics of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Sharma
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University (MDU), Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Ankush Raj
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University (MDU), Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Netrapal Singh
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University (MDU), Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Bhawna Dahiya
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University (MDU), Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Abhishek Sheoran
- Department of Statistics, Amity Institute of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Noida 201303, India
| | - Krishna B Gupta
- Department of TB & Respiratory Medicine, University of Health Sciences (UHS), Rohtak 124001, India
| | - Promod K Mehta
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University (MDU), Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India.
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Tangchaikeeree T, Sawaisorn P, Somsri S, Polpanich D, Putaporntip C, Tangboriboonrat P, Udomsangpetch R, Jangpatarapongsa K. Enhanced Sensitivity for Detection of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes by magnetic nanoparticles combined with enzyme substrate system. Talanta 2016; 164:645-650. [PMID: 28107985 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.10.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The highly sensitive and specific detection of Pfg377 gene of Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte using Magnetic Nanoparticles PCR Enzyme-Linked Gene Assay (MELGA) was successfully developed. The MELGA included amplification of the Pfg377 gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs)-conjugated forward primer and biotinylated reverse primer, followed by post-analytical process using horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated streptavidin (SA). The complexes of MELGA product were incubated with the peroxidase substrate and hydrogen peroxide to produce the signal for colorimetric measurement. Altogether, the MELGA technique provided a highly sensitive and specific detection at 1 P. falciparum gametocyte/µL, which was more efficient than that of microscopic examination and rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). Additionally, the MELGA could detect target gene at femtogram level, which was greater sensitive than the conventional PCR, nested PCR and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). The MELGA technique could become a novel and practical method that overcome limitation of traditional gametocyte detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tienrat Tangchaikeeree
- Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Piamsiri Sawaisorn
- Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Sangdao Somsri
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Duangporn Polpanich
- National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Chaturong Putaporntip
- Molecular Biology of Malaria and Opportunistic Parasites Research Unit, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | | | - Rachanee Udomsangpetch
- Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Kulachart Jangpatarapongsa
- Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.
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Rahmatpour S, Khan AH, Nasiri Kalmarzi R, Rajabibazl M, Tavoosidana G, Motevaseli E, Zarghami N, Sadroddiny E. Application of immuno-PCR assay for the detection of serum IgE specific to Bermuda allergen. Mol Cell Probes 2016; 32:1-4. [PMID: 27720768 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In vivo and in vitro tests are the two major ways of identifying the triggering allergens in sensitized individuals with allergic symptoms. Both methods are equally significant in terms of sensitivity and specificity. However, in certain circumstances, in vitro methods are highly preferred because they circumvent the use of sensitizing drugs in patients. In current study, we described a highly sensitive immuno-PCR (iPCR) assay for serum IgE specific to Bermuda allergens. Using oligonucleotide-labelled antibody, we used iPCR for the sensitive detection of serum IgE. The nucleotide sequence was amplified using conventional PCR and the bands were visualized on 2.5% agarose gel. Results demonstrated a 100-fold enhancement in sensitivity of iPCR over commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Our iPCR method was highly sensitive for Bermuda-specific serum IgE and could be beneficial in allergy clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samine Rahmatpour
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amjad Hayat Khan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasoul Nasiri Kalmarzi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Rajabibazl
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Tavoosidana
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Motevaseli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nosratollah Zarghami
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Esmaeil Sadroddiny
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Singh N, Sreenivas V, Sheoran A, Sharma S, Gupta KB, Khuller GK, Mehta PK. Serodiagnostic potential of immuno-PCR using a cocktail of mycobacterial antigen 85B, ESAT-6 and cord factor in tuberculosis patients. J Microbiol Methods 2016; 120:56-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2015.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Raj A, Singh N, Gupta KB, Chaudhary D, Yadav A, Chaudhary A, Agarwal K, Varma-Basil M, Prasad R, Khuller GK, Mehta PK. Comparative Evaluation of Several Gene Targets for Designing a Multiplex-PCR for an Early Diagnosis of Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis. Yonsei Med J 2016; 57:88-96. [PMID: 26632387 PMCID: PMC4696977 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2016.57.1.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) poses serious challenges. A careful selection of appropriate gene targets is essential for designing a multiplex-polymerase chain reaction (M-PCR) assay. MATERIALS AND METHODS We compared several gene targets of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, including IS6110, devR, and genes encoding MPB-64 (mpb64), 38kDa (pstS1), 65kDa (hsp65), 30kDa (fbpB), ESAT-6 (esat6), and CFP-10 (cfp10) proteins, using PCR assays on 105 EPTB specimens. From these data, we chose the two best gene targets to design an M-PCR. RESULTS Among all gene targets tested, mpb64 showed the highest sensitivity (84% in confirmed cases and 77.5% in clinically suspected cases), followed by IS6110, hsp65, 38kDa, 30kDa, esat6, cfp10, and devR. We used mpb64+IS6110 for designing an M-PCR assay. Our M-PCR assay demonstrated a high sensitivity of 96% in confirmed EPTB cases and 88.75% in clinically suspected EPTB cases with a high specificity of 100%, taking clinical diagnosis as the gold standard. CONCLUSION These M-PCR results along with the clinical findings may facilitate an early diagnosis of EPTB patients and clinical management of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankush Raj
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Netrapal Singh
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Krishna B Gupta
- Department of TB & Respiratory Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (PGIMS), Rohtak, India
| | - Dhruva Chaudhary
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (PGIMS), Rohtak, India
| | - Aparna Yadav
- Department of Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (PGIMS), Rohtak, India
| | - Anil Chaudhary
- Rajan Babu Institute of Pulmonary Medicine and Tuberculosis (RBIPMT), Delhi, India
| | - Kshitij Agarwal
- Rajan Babu Institute of Pulmonary Medicine and Tuberculosis (RBIPMT), Delhi, India
| | | | - Rajendra Prasad
- Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Gopal K Khuller
- Department of Biochemistry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Promod K Mehta
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India.
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Kolesnikov AV, Kozyr AV, Ryabko AK, Shemyakin IG. Ultrasensitive detection of protease activity of anthrax and botulinum toxins by a new PCR-based assay. Pathog Dis 2015; 74:ftv112. [PMID: 26620058 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftv112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthrax and botulism are dangerous infectious diseases that can be fatal unless detected and treated quickly. Fatalities from these diseases are primarily due to endopeptidase toxins secreted by the pathogens. Rapid and sensitive detection of the presence of active toxins is the key element for protection from natural outbreaks of anthrax and botulism, as well as from the threat of bioterrorism. We describe an ultrasensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assay for detecting proteolytic activity of anthrax and botulinum toxins using composite probes consisting of covalent peptide-DNA conjugate for the detection of anthrax, and noncovalent protein-aptamer assembly to assay botulinum toxin activity. Probes immobilized on the solid-phase support are cleaved by toxins to release DNA, which is detected by real-time PCR. Both assays can detect subpicogram quantities of active toxins isolated from composite matrices. Special procedures were developed to isolate intact toxins from the matrices under mild conditions. The assay is rapid, uses proven technologies, and can be modified to detect other proteolytic and biopolymer-degrading enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Kolesnikov
- State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Obolensk, Moscow Region 142279, Russia Institute of Immunological Engineering, Lyubuchany, Moscow Region 142380, Russia
| | - Arina V Kozyr
- State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Obolensk, Moscow Region 142279, Russia
| | - Alyona K Ryabko
- State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Obolensk, Moscow Region 142279, Russia
| | - Igor G Shemyakin
- State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Obolensk, Moscow Region 142279, Russia
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Singh N, Sreenivas V, Gupta KB, Chaudhary A, Mittal A, Varma-Basil M, Prasad R, Gakhar SK, Khuller GK, Mehta PK. Diagnosis of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis based on detection of mycobacterial antigen 85B by immuno-PCR. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2015; 83:359-64. [PMID: 26422085 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2015.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We developed a novel indirect sandwich immuno-polymerase chain reaction (I-PCR) assay for the detection of mycobacterial antigen 85B (Ag85B, 30kDa, Rv1886c) in pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) patients. The amino-modified reporter DNA was covalently attached with the antidetection antibody through a heterobifunctional cross-linking agent succinimidyl 4-[N-maleimidomethyl]-cyclohexane-1-carboxylate. The detection limit of Ag85B by I-PCR was found to be 1 femtogram (fg)/mL, which was 10(6)-fold lower than an analogous enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The sensitivities of 85% and 77% with I-PCR and 77.6% and 62.5% with ELISA were observed in smear-positive and smear-negative PTB patients, respectively, with high specificity. On the other hand, sensitivities of 84% and 63.7% with I-PCR and 68% and 47.5% with ELISA were observed in confirmed and clinically suspected EPTB cases, respectively, with high specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Netrapal Singh
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Vishnubhatla Sreenivas
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Krishna B Gupta
- Department of TB & Respiratory Medicine, University of Health Sciences (UHS), Rohtak 124001, India
| | - Anil Chaudhary
- Rajan Babu Institute of Pulmonary Medicine and Tuberculosis (RBIPMT), Delhi 110009, India
| | - Anshu Mittal
- Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute (VPCI), University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Mandira Varma-Basil
- Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute (VPCI), University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Rajendra Prasad
- Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute (VPCI), University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Surender K Gakhar
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Gopal K Khuller
- Department of Biochemistry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Promod K Mehta
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India.
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