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Beraldo LG, Borges CA, Maluta RP, Cardozo MV, de Ávila FA. Molecular analysis of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) isolates from healthy food-producing animals and humans with diarrhoea. Zoonoses Public Health 2023; 70:117-124. [PMID: 36377683 DOI: 10.1111/zph.13007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is a pathogen associated with acute diarrhoea in humans. To determine whether EPEC isolated from healthy food-producing animals possesses the same virulence gene repertoire as EPEC isolated from human with diarrhoea, we compared six typical EPEC (tEPEC) and 20 atypical EPEC (aEPEC) from humans with diarrhoea and 42 aEPEC from healthy animals (swine, sheep and buffaloes), using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), virulence markers, serotyping and subtyping of eae and tir genes. We found that human and animal isolates shared virulence genes, including nleB, nleE and nleF, which were associated with human diarrhoea. Serogroups and serotypes identified in isolates of food-producing animals such as O26:H11, O128:H2, O76:H7, O103, O108, O111 and O145, have previously been implicated in human disease. The subtypes eae and tir were also shared between human and animal isolates, being eae-γ1 and eae-β1 the most prevalent in both groups, while the most common tir subtypes were α and β. Despite PFGE analysis demonstrating that EPEC strains are heterogeneous and there was no prevalent clone identified, EPEC isolated from humans and food-producing animals shared some characteristics, such as virulence genes associated with human diarrhoea, indicating that food-producing animals could play a role as reservoirs for those genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Gerbasi Beraldo
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Araújo Borges
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Renato Pariz Maluta
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Marita Vedovelli Cardozo
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Fernando Antônio de Ávila
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
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Samiei H, Nazarian S, Hajizade A, Kordbacheh E. In silico design, production and immunization evaluation of a recombinant bivalent fusion protein candidate vaccine against E. coli O157:H7. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 114:109464. [PMID: 36450206 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In silico techniques are highly suited for both the discovery of new and development of available vaccines. Escherichia coli O157: H7, a main cause of food poisoning can infect humans through the consumption of contaminated water or food. Vaccination is a choice strategy to combat the bacterium. In the present study, we designed, expressed and purified a chimeric protein comprising two antigens of Escherichia coli O157: H7, including intimin and flagellin proteins, as a vaccine candidate and evaluated its immunization ability in mice. Thein silicoresults showed that the proposed antigen has a high antigenicity and conformation to be used as a potent vaccine candidate. The protein was successfully expressed in E. coli expression system with a proper level of expression (0/8g/L). Immunization evaluation showed that the protein is able to evoke the mice's humoral immunity and can confer a protective immunity against E. coli O157:H7, so that 80 % of the immunized animals were survived following the intraperitoneal injection of 100 LD50 of the live bacteria. Shedding analysis also showed the protectivity power of the protein. Bacterial excretion in control animals remained stable at about 108 CFU after 15 days, while the excreted bacteria in the feces of immunized mice's decreased to about 102 after the same time. According to the results, the proposed protein is able to stimulate the immune responses of mice and protect them against E. coli O157:H7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Samiei
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shahram Nazarian
- (b)Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abass Hajizade
- (b)Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Emad Kordbacheh
- (b)Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran
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Dimitrova L, Kaleva M, Zaharieva MM, Stoykova C, Tsvetkova I, Angelovska M, Ilieva Y, Kussovski V, Naydenska S, Najdenski H. Prevalence of Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolated from Swine Faeces and Lagoons in Bulgaria. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10080940. [PMID: 34438990 PMCID: PMC8388900 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10080940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a worldwide health problem affecting humans, animals, and the environment within the framework of the “One Health” concept. The aim of our study was to evaluate the prevalence of pathogenic strains of the species Escherichia coli (E. coli), their AMR profile, and biofilm-forming potential. The isolated strains from three swine faeces and free lagoons (ISO 16654:2001/Amd 1:2017) were confirmed using Phoenix M50 and 16S rDNA PCR. The antibiotic sensitivity to 34 clinically applied antibiotics was determined by Phoenix M50 and the disc diffusion method, according to the protocols of the CLSI and EUCAST. We confirmed the presence of 16 E. coli isolates, of which 87.5% were multi-drug-resistant and 31.25% performed strong biofilms. The possibility for the carrying and transmission of antibiotic-resistance genes to quinolones (qnr), aminoglycosides (aac(3)), β-lactamase-producing plasmid genes ampC, and blaSHV/blaTEM was investigated. We confirmed the carrying of blaSHV/blaTEM in one and ampC in seven isolates. The strains were negative for the virulence genes (ETEC (LT, STa, and F4), EPEC (eae), and STEC/VTEC (stx and stx2all)). The results should contribute to the development of effective measures for limitation and control on the use of antibiotics, which is a key point in the WHO action plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyudmila Dimitrova
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 26 Akad. G. Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.K.); (M.M.Z.); (C.S.); (I.T.); (M.A.); (Y.I.); (V.K.); (H.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +359-2979-3161
| | - Mila Kaleva
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 26 Akad. G. Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.K.); (M.M.Z.); (C.S.); (I.T.); (M.A.); (Y.I.); (V.K.); (H.N.)
| | - Maya M. Zaharieva
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 26 Akad. G. Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.K.); (M.M.Z.); (C.S.); (I.T.); (M.A.); (Y.I.); (V.K.); (H.N.)
| | - Christina Stoykova
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 26 Akad. G. Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.K.); (M.M.Z.); (C.S.); (I.T.); (M.A.); (Y.I.); (V.K.); (H.N.)
| | - Iva Tsvetkova
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 26 Akad. G. Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.K.); (M.M.Z.); (C.S.); (I.T.); (M.A.); (Y.I.); (V.K.); (H.N.)
| | - Maya Angelovska
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 26 Akad. G. Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.K.); (M.M.Z.); (C.S.); (I.T.); (M.A.); (Y.I.); (V.K.); (H.N.)
| | - Yana Ilieva
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 26 Akad. G. Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.K.); (M.M.Z.); (C.S.); (I.T.); (M.A.); (Y.I.); (V.K.); (H.N.)
| | - Vesselin Kussovski
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 26 Akad. G. Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.K.); (M.M.Z.); (C.S.); (I.T.); (M.A.); (Y.I.); (V.K.); (H.N.)
| | - Sevda Naydenska
- University Multiprofile Hospital for Active Treatment Alexandrovska, Medical University, 1 Georgy Sofiiski Str., 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Hristo Najdenski
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 26 Akad. G. Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.K.); (M.M.Z.); (C.S.); (I.T.); (M.A.); (Y.I.); (V.K.); (H.N.)
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Liu Y, Li H, Chen X, Tong P, Zhang Y, Zhu M, Su Z, Yao G, Li G, Cai W. Characterization of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli isolated from Cattle and Sheep in Xinjiang province, China, using whole-genome sequencing. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:413-422. [PMID: 33480086 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is an important food-borne pathogen capable of causing severe gastrointestinal diseases in humans. Cattle and sheep are the natural reservoir hosts of STEC strains. Previously, we isolated 56 STEC strains from anal and carcass swab samples of cattle and sheep in farms and slaughterhouses. In this study, we performed whole-genome sequencing of these isolates and determined their serotypes, virulence profiles, sequence types (STs) and genetic relationships. Our results showed that the 56 isolates belong to 20 different STs, 29 O:H serotypes and 8 stx subtype combinations. The highly prevalent serotypes for bovine and ovine isolates were O8:H25 and O87:H16, respectively. Five serotypes of cattle or sheep isolates are novel. The majority (63%) of cattle isolates contain stx1 + stx2, subtyped into stx1a, stx2a and stx2c. In contrast, most of the sheep isolates contain stx1 only, primarily subtyped into stx1a and stx1c. None of the isolates tested eae-positive, but virulence factors such as ehxA and espP were present with variable prevalence rates. The prevalence of saa (19.6%) and espP (12.5%) in cattle isolates is much higher than that in sheep isolates, whereas that of subA (34%), katP (14.3%) and ireA (28.6%) in sheep isolates is considerably higher than that in cattle isolates. Core-genome SNP analysis revealed that the majority of isolates could be clustered based on their serotypes or STs, whereas some clustering is associated with more than one ST or serotype. Five sheep isolates (4 belonging to ST675 and serotype O76:H19 and 1 belonging to ST25 and serotype O128:H2) share STs, serotypes and stx profiles with two hemolytic uremic syndrome-associated enterohemorrhagic E. coli (HUSEC) isolates; a cattle isolate belonging to the same ST as HUSEC isolate HUSEC001 contains all the nine virulence genes tested. These data suggest a potential of the six isolates for causing severe human infections. Collectively, we described the characteristics of cattle and sheep STEC isolates from Xinjiang, China, which may be utilized in comparative studies of other geographic regions and sources of isolation, and for surveillance as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyu Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Huoming Li
- Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xuhua Chen
- Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.,Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Panpan Tong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Mingyue Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Zhanqiang Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Gang Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Ganwu Li
- Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.,Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Wentong Cai
- Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
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Orden JA, García-Meniño I, Flament-Simon SC, Blanco J, de la Fuente R, Martínez-Rodrigo A, Mas A, Carrión J, Sobrino F, Domínguez-Bernal G. Raccoons (Procyon lotor) in the Madrid region of Spain are carriers of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli and enteropathogenic E. coli. Zoonoses Public Health 2020; 68:69-78. [PMID: 33225569 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The role of wildlife in the epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance is unclear. Raccoons in North America can carry a variety of enteric bacteria, with associated antimicrobial resistance, that could infect humans and livestock. The potential for raccoons to carry these bacteria in Europe, where they are an invasive species, has not been explored. Our objectives were to determine the prevalence of Escherichia coli with associated antimicrobial resistance in raccoons from the Madrid region of Spain and to determine whether they are carriers of potential human pathogens, including verotoxin-producing E. coli (VTEC) and enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC). In total, we tested 237 E. coli isolates from the faeces of 83 euthanized raccoons for susceptibility to 14 antimicrobial agents and the presence of VTEC and EPEC. Antimicrobial resistance to at least one antimicrobial was detected in the faeces of 51% (42/83; 95% CI, 40.1-61.1) of the raccoons tested. A high percentage of raccoons carried, in their faeces, E. coli isolates resistant to ampicillin (33%), streptomycin (33%), tetracycline (30%), sulphafurazole (31%) and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (23%). We detected one isolate of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing E. coli from the faeces of one raccoon. We detected VTEC in the faeces of one raccoon, and EPEC in the faeces of 12% (10/83) of the raccoons. Of the raccoons that carried EPEC in their faeces, 60% (6/10) carried EPEC isolates that exhibited characteristics associated with pathogenicity in humans. Raccoons in Madrid can carry pathogenic and antimicrobial-resistant E. coli in their faeces and may be a risk to public health because of their potential to contaminate food and the environment with their faeces.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Orden
- INMIVET, Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isidro García-Meniño
- Laboratorio de Referencia de Escherichia coli (LREC), Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Saskia C Flament-Simon
- Laboratorio de Referencia de Escherichia coli (LREC), Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jorge Blanco
- Laboratorio de Referencia de Escherichia coli (LREC), Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ricardo de la Fuente
- INMIVET, Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Abel Martínez-Rodrigo
- INMIVET, Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Mas
- INMIVET, Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Carrión
- INMIVET, Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Sobrino
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gustavo Domínguez-Bernal
- INMIVET, Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Factors associated with typical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli infection among children <5 years old with moderate-to-severe diarrhoea in rural western Kenya, 2008-2012. Epidemiol Infect 2020; 148:e281. [PMID: 33190663 PMCID: PMC7770376 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268820002794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Typical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (tEPEC) infection is a major cause of diarrhoea and contributor to mortality in children <5 years old in developing countries. Data were analysed from the Global Enteric Multicenter Study examining children <5 years old seeking care for moderate-to-severe diarrhoea (MSD) in Kenya. Stool specimens were tested for enteric pathogens, including by multiplex polymerase chain reaction for gene targets of tEPEC. Demographic, clinical and anthropometric data were collected at enrolment and ~60-days later; multivariable logistic regressions were constructed. Of 1778 MSD cases enrolled from 2008 to 2012, 135 (7.6%) children tested positive for tEPEC. In a case-to-case comparison among MSD cases, tEPEC was independently associated with presentation at enrolment with a loss of skin turgor (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.08, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.37–3.17), and convulsions (aOR 2.83, 95% CI 1.12–7.14). At follow-up, infants with tEPEC compared to those without were associated with being underweight (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.3–3.6) and wasted (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.3–4.6). Among MSD cases, tEPEC was associated with mortality (aOR 2.85, 95% CI 1.47–5.55). This study suggests that tEPEC contributes to morbidity and mortality in children. Interventions aimed at defining and reducing the burden of tEPEC and its sequelae should be urgently investigated, prioritised and implemented.
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Characterisation of Porcine Enteropathogenic Escherichia Coli Isolated in Northeastern India. J Vet Res 2020; 64:391-397. [PMID: 32984629 PMCID: PMC7497746 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2020-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is one of the main pathotypes causing gastroenteritis, particularly in young immunocompromised hosts. The study reports the prevalence, characterisation, and molecular epidemiology of EPEC from piglets in northeastern India. Material and Methods A total of 457 faecal samples were collected, from which 1,286 E. coli strains were isolated and screened by PCR. The resultant EPEC strains were serotyped and phenotypically characterised for resistance against 15 antimicrobials. Also, the phylogenetic sequence was analysed for 11 selected strains. Results A total of 42 strains (3.26%) belonged to atypical EPEC, of which, 15 (35.71%, and 2.29% of the 654 strains from this farm type) were isolated from organised and 27 (64.29%, and 4.27% of the 632 strains from this farm type) from unorganised farms; further, 5 (11.90% of the EPEC strains and 1.51% of the 330 strains from this breed) were isolated from the indigenous breeds and 37 (88.10%, and 3.87% of the 956 strains from this breed) from crossbred piglets. Serogroups O111 (11.9%) and O118 (7.14%) were the most prevalent of the 10 present. Sequence analysis of a length of the eaeA gene of 11 isolates of the region showed them to have 100% homology with each other and their identity ranged from 99.4% to 99.7% with GenBank reference sequences. All the EPEC isolates were multi-drug resistant, showing the highest resistance to amoxicillin (80.9%) and cephalexin (76.19%). Conclusion The study highlighted the association of EPEC with piglet’s diarrhoea in northeastern India. EPEC isolates belonged to many serotypes and phenotypically all were multi-drug resistant with close genetic homology.
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Nyong EC, Zaia SR, Allué-Guardia A, Rodriguez AL, Irion-Byrd Z, Koenig SSK, Feng P, Bono JL, Eppinger M. Pathogenomes of Atypical Non-shigatoxigenic Escherichia coli NSF/SF O157:H7/NM: Comprehensive Phylogenomic Analysis Using Closed Genomes. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:619. [PMID: 32351476 PMCID: PMC7175801 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The toxigenic conversion of Escherichia coli strains by Shiga toxin-converting (Stx) bacteriophages were prominent and recurring events in the stepwise evolution of enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) O157:H7 from an enteropathogenic (EPEC) O55:H7 ancestor. Atypical, attenuated isolates have been described for both non-sorbitol fermenting (NSF) O157:H7 and SF O157:NM serotypes, which are distinguished by the absence of Stx, the characteristic virulence hallmark of Stx-producing E. coli (STEC). Such atypical isolates either never acquired Stx-phages or may have secondarily lost stx during the course of infection, isolation, or routine subculture; the latter are commonly referred to as LST (Lost Shiga Toxin)-isolates. In this study we analyzed the genomes of 15 NSF O157:H7 and SF O157:NM strains from North America, Europe, and Asia that are characterized by the absence of stx, the virulence hallmark of STEC. The individual genomic basis of the Stx (-) phenotype has remained largely undetermined as the majority of STEC genomes in public genome repositories were generated using short read technology and are in draft stage, posing a major obstacle for the high-resolution whole genome sequence typing (WGST). The application of LRT (long-read technology) sequencing provided us with closed genomes, which proved critical to put the atypical non-shigatoxigenic NSF O157:H7 and SF O157:NM strains into the phylogenomic context of the stepwise evolutionary model. Availability of closed chromosomes for representative Stx (-) NSF O157:H7 and SF O157:NM strains allowed to describe the genomic basis and individual evolutionary trajectories underlying the absence of Stx at high accuracy and resolution. The ability of LRT to recover and accurately assemble plasmids revealed a strong correlation between the strains' featured plasmid genotype and chromosomally inferred clade, which suggests the coevolution of the chromosome and accessory plasmids. The identified ancestral traits in the pSFO157 plasmid of NSF O157:H7 strain LSU-61 provided additional evidence for its intermediate status. Taken together, these observations highlight the utility of LRTs for advancing our understanding of EHEC O157:H7/NM pathogenome evolution. Insights into the genomic and phenotypic plasticity of STEC on a lineage- and genome-wide scale are foundational to improve and inform risk assessment, biosurveillance, and prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel C. Nyong
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Sam R. Zaia
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Anna Allué-Guardia
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Armando L. Rodriguez
- Research Computing Support Group, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Zaina Irion-Byrd
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Sara S. K. Koenig
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | | | - James L. Bono
- United States Meat Animal Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture (ARS-USDA), Clay Center, NE, United States
| | - Mark Eppinger
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, San Antonio, TX, United States
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Lan T, Liu H, Meng L, Xing M, Dong L, Gu M, Wang J, Zheng N. Antimicrobial susceptibility, phylotypes, and virulence genes of Escherichia coli from clinical bovine mastitis in five provinces of China. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2020.1736009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tu Lan
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huimin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Meng
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengru Xing
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Dong
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mei Gu
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Lopes HP, Costa GA, Pinto AC, Machado LS, Cunha NC, Nascimento ER, Pereira VL, Abreu DL. Detection of the mcr-1 gene in Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and Shigatoxigenic E. coli (STEC) strains isolated from broilers. PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-5983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and Shigatoxigenic E. coli (STEC) strains are among the major pathotypes found in poultry and their products, which are capable of causing human enteric infections. Colistin has been claimed the drug of choice against diseases caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (MDRGN) in humans. The mcr-1 gene was the first plasmidial gene that has been described to be responsible for colistin resistance and has also been detected in birds and poultry products. Our study aimed to detect the mcr-1 gene in enteropathogenic strains of E. coli in order to evaluate the resistance to colistin in broilers. The material was obtained from 240 cloacal samples and 60 broiler carcasses. The strains were isolated by the conventional bacteriological method and by the virulence genes, which characterize the enteropathogenic strains and resistance, and the samples were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Of the 213 isolated strains of E. coli, 57 (26.76%) were characterized as atypical EPEC and 35 (16.43%) as STEC. The mcr-1 gene was found in 3.5% (2/57) of the EPEC strains and 5.7% (2/35) of the STEC strains. In this study, it was possible to confirm that the mcr-1 resistance gene is already circulating in the broiler flocks studied and may be associated with the pathogenic strains.
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Identification and characterization of atypical enteropathogenic and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli isolated from ground beef and poultry breast purchased in Botucatu, Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2019; 50:1099-1103. [PMID: 31187444 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-019-00101-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Atypical enteropathogenic (serotypes O4:H16, O8:H25, O68:H2, O105:H7, and OR:H25) and Shigatoxigenic (ONT:H46) Escherichia coli were isolated from samples of ground beef and poultry breast purchased in Botucatu, Brazil. Phenotypic and molecular characterization indicated the potential of these isolates to adhere to host epithelial cells and cause damage.
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Waturangi DE, Hudiono F, Aliwarga E. Prevalence of pathogenic Escherichia coli from salad vegetable and fruits sold in Jakarta. BMC Res Notes 2019; 12:247. [PMID: 31046825 PMCID: PMC6498633 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-019-4284-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Escherichia coli is a normal inhabitant of mammalian's gut, but some strains acquired virulence factor and became pathogenic. Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC), and enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) are among pathogenic strains of E. coli. Vegetables and fruits could be sources of transmission. Samples were collected and subjected to three-tubes Most Probable Number (MPN) analysis followed by Multiplex PCR. Six sets of primer encoding virulence genes were used: stx, ipah, aggr, eae, elt and est. RESULTS From this study we found, the highest maximum number for the MPN result reached > 1100 MPN/mL and the lowest is 3 MPN/mL. From first multiplex PCR showed 65 salad vegetable samples, 7.69% were positive and from the 63 fruit samples, 11.11% were positive. From second multiplex PCR for 76 isolates, 55 (72.37%) isolates were aggR positive (EAEC), 12 (15.79%) isolates were eae positive (EPEC), and 9 (11.84%) were elt positive (ETEC). Antimicrobial resistance assay showed that 83.33% of the isolates were multi resistant. Resistances are observed to 10 μg Ampicillin (22.22%), 5 μg Ciprofloxacin (11.11%), 10 μg Gentamycin (33.33%), 30 μg Kanamycin (38.89%), 10 μg Streptomycin (55.56%), 5 μg Trimethoprim (16.67%), and 300 U Polymyxin B (61.11%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana E Waturangi
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jalan Jenderal Sudirman 51, Jakarta, 12930, Indonesia.
| | - Fredy Hudiono
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jalan Jenderal Sudirman 51, Jakarta, 12930, Indonesia
| | - Edita Aliwarga
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jalan Jenderal Sudirman 51, Jakarta, 12930, Indonesia
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Host Range-Associated Clustering Based on Multilocus Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat Analysis, Phylotypes, and Virulence Genes of Atypical Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Strains. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:AEM.02796-18. [PMID: 30658974 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02796-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (aEPEC) strains (36 Japanese and 50 Bangladeshi) obtained from 649 poultry fecal samples were analyzed by molecular epidemiological methods. Clermont's phylogenetic typing showed that group A was more prevalent (58%, 50/86) than B1 (31%, 27/86). Intimin type β1, which is prevalent among human diarrheal patients, was predominant in both phylogroups B1 (81%, 22/27) and A (70%, 35/50). However, about 95% of B1-β1 strains belonged to virulence group I, and 77% of them were Japanese strains, while 17% (6/35) of A-β1 strains did. Multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) distributed the strains into 52 distinct profiles, with Simpson's index of diversity (D) at 73%. When the data were combined with those of 142 previous strains from different sources, the minimum spanning tree formed five zones for porcine strains, poultry strains (excluding B1-β1), strains from healthy humans, bovine and human patient strains, and the B1-β1 poultry strains. Antimicrobial resistance to nalidixic acid was most common (74%) among the isolates. Sixty-eight percent of them demonstrated resistance to ≥3 antimicrobial agents, and most of them (91%) were from Bangladesh. The strains were assigned into two groups by hierarchical clustering. Correlation matrix analysis revealed that the virulence genes were negatively associated with antimicrobial resistance. The present study suggested that poultry, particularly Japanese poultry, could be another reservoir of aEPEC (phylogroup B1, virulence group I, and intimin type β1); however, poultry strains seem to be apart from patient strains that were closer to bovine strains. Bangladeshi aEPEC may be less virulent for humans but more resistant to antibiotics.IMPORTANCE Atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (aEPEC) is a diarrheagenic type of E. coli, as it possesses the intimin gene (eae) for attachment and effacement on epithelium. Since aEPEC is ubiquitous even in developed countries, we previously used molecular epidemiological methods to discriminate aEPEC as a human pathogen. The present study assessed poultry as another source of human diarrheagenic aEPEC. Poultry could be the source of aEPEC (phylogroup B1, virulence group I, and intimin type β1) found among patient strains in Japan. However, the minimum spanning tree (MST) suggested that the strains from Japanese poultry were far from Japanese patient strains compared with the distance between bovine and patient strains. Bangladeshi avian strains seemed to be less diarrheagenic but are hazardous as a source of drug resistance genes.
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Ferhat L, Chahed A, Hamrouche S, Korichi-Ouar M, Hamdi TM. Research and molecular characteristic of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli isolated from sheep carcasses. Lett Appl Microbiol 2019; 68:546-552. [PMID: 30801745 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Domestic ruminants are regarded as the major reservoir of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) closely related to human infection. A total of 363 ovine carcasses were swabbed in an Algiers city slaughterhouse for research on STEC. First of all, screening of the STECs was carried out by a multiplex PCR searching for the genes coding for the virulence factors stx1 , stx2 and eae. This step was followed by STEC isolation and serotyping. The presence of stx+ /stx+ eae+ genes was shown in 116 sheep carcasses (31·95%). From the 116 positive samples, 20 bacterial strains (17·24%) were isolated. Nineteen strains belonged to the species E. coli (STEC), and 1 belonged to Citrobacter braakii (eae+ stx1 + ). During this study, the presence of potentially pathogenic STEC for humans on the surface of sheep carcasses was confirmed. Corrective measures should be considered at the slaughterhouse level to avoid outbreaks of STEC in Algeria. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: PCR screening revealed the significant presence of the genetic markers of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) (stx+ /stx+ eae+ ) on the surfaces of sheep carcasses. Citrobacter braakii (stx1 + eae+ ) was isolated for the first time in this study. The risk of foodborne diseases due to STEC must be taken into account in Algeria. To prevent the emergence of epidemic outbreaks among children and older by people, preventive measures should be taken.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ferhat
- Laboratory of Food Hygiene and Quality Insurance System, High National Veterinary School of Algiers, Algiers, Algeria
| | - A Chahed
- High National Veterinary School of Algiers, Algiers, Algeria
| | - S Hamrouche
- Laboratory of Enterobacteria and Other Related Bacteria, Pasteur Institute, Dely Ibrahim, Algeria
| | - M Korichi-Ouar
- Laboratory of Enterobacteria and Other Related Bacteria, Pasteur Institute, Dely Ibrahim, Algeria
| | - T-M Hamdi
- Laboratory of Food Hygiene and Quality Insurance System, High National Veterinary School of Algiers, Algiers, Algeria
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Zhang S, Yang G, Huang Y, Zhang J, Cui L, Wu Q. Prevalence and Characterization of Atypical Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Isolated from Retail Foods in China. J Food Prot 2018; 81:1761-1767. [PMID: 30277802 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (aEPEC) is an emerging pathogen that has been implicated in outbreaks of diarrhea worldwide. The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence of aEPEC in retail foods at markets in the People's Republic of China and to characterize the isolates for virulence genes, intimin gene ( eae) subtypes, multilocus sequence types (STs), and antimicrobial susceptibility. From May 2014 to April 2015, 1,200 food samples were collected from retail markets in China, and 41 aEPEC isolates were detected in 2.75% (33 of 1,200) of the food samples. The virulence genes tir, katP, etpD, efa/lifA, ent, nleB, and nleE were commonly detected in these isolates. Nine eae subtypes were detected in the isolates, among which θ (23 isolates) and β1 (6 isolates) were the most prevalent. The 41 isolates were divided into 27 STs by multilocus sequence typing. ST752 and ST10 were the most prevalent. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed high resistance among isolates to streptomycin (87.80%), cephalothin (73.16%), ampicillin (51.22%), tetracycline (63.42%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (43.90%), and kanamycin (43.90%). Thirty isolates (73.17%) were resistant to at least three antibiotics, and 20 (53.66 %) were resistant to five or more antibiotics. Our results suggest that retail foods in markets are important sources of aEPEC. The presence of virulent and multidrug-resistant aEPEC in retail foods poses a potential threat to consumers. Surveillance of aEPEC contamination and prudent use of antibiotics is strongly recommended in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhong Zhang
- 1 College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road No. 483, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China.,2 Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Xianlie Middle Road No. 100, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510070, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangzhu Yang
- 2 Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Xianlie Middle Road No. 100, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanbin Huang
- 2 Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Xianlie Middle Road No. 100, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jumei Zhang
- 2 Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Xianlie Middle Road No. 100, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510070, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihua Cui
- 1 College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road No. 483, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingping Wu
- 2 Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Xianlie Middle Road No. 100, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510070, People's Republic of China
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16
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Isolation, molecular characterization and antimicrobial resistance of enterobacteriaceae isolated from fish and seafood. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Prevalence of Virulence Genes Associated with Diarrheagenic Pathotypes of Escherichia coli Isolates from Water, Sediment, Fish, and Crab in Aby Lagoon, Côte d'Ivoire. Int J Microbiol 2017; 2017:9532170. [PMID: 28676828 PMCID: PMC5476888 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9532170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to characterize virulence genes of Escherichia coli isolates from water, sediment, fish, and crab in Aby Lagoon. Serogrouping was performed by EPEC antisera in 113 E. coli strains. The presence of diarrhea-associated genes (eae, stx, AggR, elt, and est) was assessed by multiplex PCR using specific primers. Based on the multiplex PCR, sixty-two isolates (42 from water, 19 from sediment, and 1 from crab) were positive for virulence genes, including 34 positive for elt (ETEC), 46 positive for est (ETEC), 24 positive for both elt and est, 6 positive for stx (EHEC), 1 positive for both stx + est, and 1 positive for both stx + elt. Genes eae (EPEC) and AggR (EAEC) were not detected. Nine serogroups (O114, O127, O55, O111, O86, O119, O126, O128, and O142) were identified. This study revealed the presence of diarrheagenic and nondiarrheagenic E. coli and potential public health risks if fishery products are not appropriately cooked.
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18
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Ferdous M, Kooistra-Smid AMD, Zhou K, Rossen JWA, Friedrich AW. Virulence, Antimicrobial Resistance Properties and Phylogenetic Background of Non-H7 Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli O157. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1540. [PMID: 27733849 PMCID: PMC5039186 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli (E.coli) O157 that do not produce Shiga toxin and do not possess flagellar antigen H7 are of diverse H serotypes. In this study, the antibiotic resistance properties, genotype of a set of virulence associated genes and the phylogenetic background of E. coli O157:non-H7 groups were compared. Whole genome sequencing was performed on fourteen O157:non-H7 isolates collected in the STEC-ID-net study. The genomes were compared with E. coli O157 genomes and a typical Enteropathogenic E. coli (tEPEC) genome downloaded from NCBI. Twenty-six (86%) of the analyzed genomes had the intimin encoding gene eae but of different types mostly correlating with their H types, e.g., H16, H26, H39, and H45 carried intimin type ε, β, κ, and α, respectively. They belonged to several E. coli phylogenetic groups, i.e., to phylogenetic group A, B1, B2, and D. Seven (50%) of our collected O157:non-H7 isolates were resistant to two or more antibiotics. Several mobile genetic elements, such as plasmids, insertion elements, and pathogenicity islands, carrying a set of virulence and resistance genes were found in the E. coli O157:non-H7 isolates. Core genome phylogenetic analysis showed that O157:non-H7 isolates probably evolved from different phylogenetic lineages and were distantly related to the E. coli O157:H7 lineage. We hypothesize that independent acquisition of mobile genetic elements by isolates of different lineages have contributed to the different molecular features of the O157:non-H7 strains. Although distantly related to the STEC O157, E. coli O157:non-H7 isolates from multiple genetic background could be considered as pathogen of concern for their diverse virulence and antibiotic resistance properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithila Ferdous
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Anna M D Kooistra-Smid
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of GroningenGroningen, Netherlands; Department of Medical Microbiology, Certe Laboratory for Infectious DiseasesGroningen, Netherlands
| | - Kai Zhou
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of GroningenGroningen, Netherlands; State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - John W A Rossen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Alexander W Friedrich
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen Groningen, Netherlands
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Zhang X, Li M, Zhang B, Chen K, He K. Development of a Sandwich ELISA for EHEC O157:H7 Intimin γ1. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162274. [PMID: 27603508 PMCID: PMC5014315 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 is a zoonotic pathogen of worldwide importance that causes foodborne infections in humans. Intimin gamma 1 (intimin γ1) is one of the most important outer membrane proteins required for EHEC’s intimate adhesion to epithelial cells. Here, we generated a polyclonal antibody (pAb) and a monoclonal antibody (mAb) against intimin γ1 to develop a double antibody sandwich ELISA (DAS-ELISA) with increased sensitivity and specificity for measuring EHEC O157:H7. To achieve this goal, a rabbit pAb was used as a capture antibody, and a mouse mAb was a detection antibody. No cross-reactivity was observed with the other genera of pathogenic bacteria tested with the DAS-ELISA, which included Salmonella enteritidis, Shigella flexneri type 2, Listeria monocytogenes, Streptococcus suis type 2, and other 18 serotype E. coli. Detection limits of the DAS-ELISA were 1 × 103 CFU/mL for EHEC O157:H7 cultures, 1 × 104 CFU/g before enrichment, and 1 × 102 CFU/g after enrichment of contaminated samples. Field samples (n = 498) were tested using a previously established duplex-PCR method and compared to our DAS-ELISA. The DAS-ELISA had a specificity of 94.4%, a sensitivity of 91.5% and accuracy of 94.0% compared with duplex-PCR. The DAS-ELISA developed here can be applied to EHEC O157:H7 quantification in food, animal, and environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehan Zhang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products of Agricultural Ministry, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing 210014, China, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China, Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Nanjing 210014, China
- * E-mail: (XZ); (KH)
| | - Meng Li
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products of Agricultural Ministry, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing 210014, China, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China, Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Bicheng Zhang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products of Agricultural Ministry, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing 210014, China, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China, Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Kangming Chen
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States of America
| | - Kongwang He
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products of Agricultural Ministry, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing 210014, China, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China, Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Nanjing 210014, China
- * E-mail: (XZ); (KH)
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Vieira MA, Dos Santos LF, Dias RCB, Camargo CH, Pinheiro SRS, Gomes TAT, Hernandes RT. Atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli as aetiologic agents of sporadic and outbreak-associated diarrhoea in Brazil. J Med Microbiol 2016; 65:998-1006. [PMID: 27412254 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) are important agents of diarrhoea in industrialized as well as developing countries, such as Brazil. The hallmark of EPEC pathogenesis is the establishment of attaching and effacing lesions in enterocytes, in which pedestal-like structures are formed underneath adherent bacteria. EPEC are divided into two subgroups, typical (tEPEC) and atypical (aEPEC), based on the presence of the EPEC adherence factor plasmid in tEPEC and its absence in aEPEC. This study was designed to characterize 82 aEPEC isolates obtained from stool samples of diarrhoeic patients during 2012 and 2013 in Brazil. The majority of the aEPEC were assigned to the phylo-group B1 (48.8 %), and intimin subtypes θ (20.7 %), β1 (9.7 %) and λ (9.7 %) were the most prevalent among the isolates. The nleB and nleE genes were concomitantly detected in 32.9 % of the isolates, demonstrating the occurrence of the pathogenicity island O122 among them. The O157-plasmid genes (ehxA and/or espP) were detected in 7.3 % of the isolates, suggesting that some aEPEC could be derived from Shiga-toxin-producing E. coli that lost the stx genes while trafficking in the host. PFGE of 14 aEPEC of serotypes O2 : H16, O33 : H34, O39 : H9, O108 : H- and ONT : H19 isolated from five distinct outbreaks showed serotype-specific PFGE clusters, indicating a high degree of similarity among the isolates from the same event, thus highlighting these serotypes as potential aetiologic agents of diarrhoeal outbreaks in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Vieira
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista 'Júlio de Mesquita Filho' (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Luís F Dos Santos
- Centro de Bacteriologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz (IAL), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Regiane C B Dias
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista 'Júlio de Mesquita Filho' (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos H Camargo
- Centro de Bacteriologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz (IAL), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Tânia A T Gomes
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia da Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo T Hernandes
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista 'Júlio de Mesquita Filho' (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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Heinz E, Stubenrauch CJ, Grinter R, Croft NP, Purcell AW, Strugnell RA, Dougan G, Lithgow T. Conserved Features in the Structure, Mechanism, and Biogenesis of the Inverse Autotransporter Protein Family. Genome Biol Evol 2016; 8:1690-705. [PMID: 27190006 PMCID: PMC4943183 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evw112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterial cell surface proteins intimin and invasin are virulence factors that share a common domain structure and bind selectively to host cell receptors in the course of bacterial pathogenesis. The β-barrel domains of intimin and invasin show significant sequence and structural similarities. Conversely, a variety of proteins with sometimes limited sequence similarity have also been annotated as “intimin-like” and “invasin” in genome datasets, while other recent work on apparently unrelated virulence-associated proteins ultimately revealed similarities to intimin and invasin. Here we characterize the sequence and structural relationships across this complex protein family. Surprisingly, intimins and invasins represent a very small minority of the sequence diversity in what has been previously the “intimin/invasin protein family”. Analysis of the assembly pathway for expression of the classic intimin, EaeA, and a characteristic example of the most prevalent members of the group, FdeC, revealed a dependence on the translocation and assembly module as a common feature for both these proteins. While the majority of the sequences in the grouping are most similar to FdeC, a further and widespread group is two-partner secretion systems that use the β-barrel domain as the delivery device for secretion of a variety of virulence factors. This comprehensive analysis supports the adoption of the “inverse autotransporter protein family” as the most accurate nomenclature for the family and, in turn, has important consequences for our overall understanding of the Type V secretion systems of bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Heinz
- Department of Microbiology, Infection & Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J Stubenrauch
- Department of Microbiology, Infection & Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Rhys Grinter
- Department of Microbiology, Infection & Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Nathan P Croft
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Infection & Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Anthony W Purcell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Infection & Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Richard A Strugnell
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Gordon Dougan
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Trevor Lithgow
- Department of Microbiology, Infection & Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
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Xu Y, Bai X, Zhao A, Zhang W, Ba P, Liu K, Jin Y, Wang H, Guo Q, Sun H, Xu J, Xiong Y. Genetic Diversity of Intimin Gene of Atypical Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Isolated from Human, Animals and Raw Meats in China. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152571. [PMID: 27031337 PMCID: PMC4816571 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (aEPEC) is considered to be an emerging enteropathogen that is more prevalent than typical EPEC in developing and developed countries. The major adherence factor, intimin, an outer membrane protein encoded by eae, plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of aEPEC. This study investigated the distribution and polymorphisms of intimin subtypes of 143 aEPEC strains from diarrheal patients, healthy carriers, animals, and raw meats in China. These aEPEC strains belonged to more than 71 different serotypes, which comprised 52 O serogroups and 24 H types. Sixty-eight different eae genotypes and 19 intimin subtypes were detected. Eighteen, eight, seven, and five intimin subtypes were identified from 86 diarrheal patients, 14 healthy carriers, 19 animals, and 24 raw meats strains, respectively. Intimin β1 was the most prevalent subtype in strains from diarrheal patients (34.88%) and animals (47.37%). There was a statistically significant difference in the distribution of eae-β1 between diarrheal patients and healthy carriers (P = 0.004). Intimin-θ was more predominant among raw meat strains (50%) than among diarrheal patients strains (12.79%, P = 0.0003), healthy carrier strains (7.14%, P = 0.007), or animal strains (15.79%, P = 0.020). The two predominant subtypes (eae-β1 and eae-θ) had considerable polymorphisms with no significant differences among the four sources. PFGE analysis revealed 119 distinct patterns and the strains were clustered into 11 groups with similarity indices ranging from 63% to 100%. These results suggest that in China, aEPEC strains from different sources are highly heterogeneous. Animals and raw meats are important sources of genetically diverse intimin-harboring aEPEC, which might serve as important transmission vehicles of these bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangning Bai
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ailan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Wang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Pengbin Ba
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yujuan Jin
- Longgang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Zigong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zigong, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qiusheng Guo
- Suixian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shangqiu, Henan Province, China
| | - Hui Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jianguo Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yanwen Xiong
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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23
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Michelli E, Millán A, Rodulfo H, Michelli M, Luiggi J, Carreño N, De Donato M. Identification of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in children with acute diarrheic syndrome from Sucre State, Venezuela. BIOMEDICA : REVISTA DEL INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE SALUD 2016; 36:118-127. [PMID: 27622632 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.v36i0.2928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli is an important causative agent of acute diarrheic syndrome. OBJECTIVE To identify clonal groups of enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), in 485 children with acute diarrhea aged 0 to 10 years attending health care centers in Arismendi, Benítez and Sucre municipalities, Sucre state, Venezuela, from March to December, 2011. MATERIALS AND METHODS After obtaining the informed consent, stool samples were collected. Escherichia coli was identified using standard coproculture methods and serology with polyvalent and monovalent antisera. DNA was isolated, and eae (intimin) and bfpA (bundlin) genes were amplified through two multiplex polymerase chain reactions (PCR). RESULTS The presence of bacterial infection was determined in 39.6% of coprocultures. The prevalence of E. coli was 54.7%; 82.9% of these isolates were positive by serology for the evaluated serogroups and serotypes, which were mostly identified in children between 0 and 2 years (37.9%); 48.6% of E. coli strains amplified the eae gene; of these, 58.8% were classified as typical EPEC (eae+ y bfp+). EPEC II was the most common serogroup (38.7%), with predominance of typical EPEC (60%). In positive strains for eae gene, the β intimin allele was the most frequently identified (74.5%). Only four strains with O157:H7 serotype were identified, which showed no PCR amplification of the eae and bfpA genes. CONCLUSION This study showed the importance of molecular tests to identify diarrheagenic E. coli strains causing clinical conditions of varying severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvia Michelli
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina y Ciencias Aplicadas "Dra. Susan Tai", Universidad de Oriente, Cumaná, Sucre, Venezuela Laboratorio de Microbiología Clínica, Departamento de Bioanálisis, Universidad de Oriente, Cumaná, Sucre, Venezuela.
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24
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Kubomura A, Kojima Y, Okabe N. [Frequency and Characterization of EPEC and EAggEC Isolated in Kawasaki City]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 89:37-45. [PMID: 26548295 DOI: 10.11150/kansenshogakuzasshi.89.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Thirty isolates of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and 32 isolates of enteroaggregative E. coli (EAggEC) were isolated from 1,029 stool samples collected from Spring 2012 to December 2013 in Kawasaki city with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method targeting eae and aggR genes. Among the 30 EPEC and 32 EAggEC isolates, only 9 strains of EPEC and 8 strains of EAggEC were typed with the commercial O-antisera, whereas the majority of strains were untypable. However, several O-untypable EPEC and EAggEC strains were suggested to harbor the same O-antigen because of the detection of several examples of the same H-antigen. Analysis of the HEp-2 cell adherence test showed positive for only 2 strains (6.6%) of 30 EPEC isolates, meanwhile it showed positive for 16 strains (50.0%) of 32 EAggEC isolates. From these data, we concluded that EAggEC might be more virulent than EPEC, although both EAggEC and EPEC were isolated with almost similar rates from collected stool specimens.
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Is Shiga Toxin-Negative Escherichia coli O157:H7 Enteropathogenic or Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli? Comprehensive Molecular Analysis Using Whole-Genome Sequencing. J Clin Microbiol 2015; 53:3530-8. [PMID: 26311863 PMCID: PMC4609726 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01899-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of Escherichia coli O157:H7 to induce cellular damage leading to disease in humans is related to numerous virulence factors, most notably the stx gene, encoding Shiga toxin (Stx) and carried by a bacteriophage. Loss of the Stx-encoding bacteriophage may occur during infection or culturing of the strain. Here, we collected stx-positive and stx-negative variants of E. coli O157:H7/NM (nonmotile) isolates from patients with gastrointestinal complaints. Isolates were characterized by whole-genome sequencing (WGS), and their virulence properties and phylogenetic relationship were determined. Because of the presence of the eae gene but lack of the bfpA gene, the stx-negative isolates were considered atypical enteropathogenic E. coli (aEPEC). However, they had phenotypic characteristics similar to those of the Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) isolates and belonged to the same sequence type, ST11. Furthermore, EPEC and STEC isolates shared similar virulence genes, the locus of enterocyte effacement region, and plasmids. Core genome phylogenetic analysis using a gene-by-gene typing approach showed that the sorbitol-fermenting (SF) stx-negative isolates clustered together with an SF STEC isolate and that one non-sorbitol-fermenting (NSF) stx-negative isolate clustered together with NSF STEC isolates. Therefore, these stx-negative isolates were thought either to have lost the Stx phage or to be a progenitor of STEC O157:H7/NM. As detection of STEC infections is often based solely on the identification of the presence of stx genes, these may be misdiagnosed in routine laboratories. Therefore, an improved diagnostic approach is required to manage identification, strategies for treatment, and prevention of transmission of these potentially pathogenic strains.
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Ison SA, Delannoy S, Bugarel M, Nightingale KK, Webb HE, Renter DG, Nagaraja TG, Loneragan GH, Fach P. Genetic Diversity and Pathogenic Potential of Attaching and Effacing Escherichia coli O26:H11 Strains Recovered from Bovine Feces in the United States. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:3671-8. [PMID: 25795673 PMCID: PMC4421050 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00397-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli O26 has been identified as the most common non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) serogroup to cause human illnesses in the United States and has been implicated in outbreaks around the world. E. coli has high genomic plasticity, which facilitates the loss or acquisition of virulence genes. Attaching and effacing E. coli (AEEC) O26 strains have frequently been isolated from bovine feces, and there is a need to better characterize the relatedness of these strains to defined molecular pathotypes and to describe the extent of their genetic diversity. High-throughput real-time PCR was used to screen 178 E. coli O26 isolates from a single U.S. cattle feedlot, collected from May to July 2011, for the presence or absence of 25 O26 serogroup-specific and virulence-associated markers. The selected markers were capable of distinguishing these strains into molecularly defined groups (yielding 18 unique marker combinations). Analysis of the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat 1 (CRISPR1) and CRISPR2a loci further discriminated isolates into 24 CRISPR types. The combination of molecular markers and CRISPR typing provided 20.8% diversity. The recent CRISPR PCR target SP_O26-E, which was previously identified only in stx2-positive O26:H11 human clinical strains, was identified in 96.4% (161/167 [95% confidence interval, 99.2 to 93.6%]) of the stx-negative AEEC O26:H11 bovine fecal strains. This supports that these stx-negative strains may have previously contained a prophage carrying stx or could acquire this prophage, thus possibly giving them the potential to become pathogenic to humans. These results show that investigation of specific genetic markers may further elucidate our understanding of the genetic diversity of AEEC O26 strains in bovine feces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Ison
- Texas Tech University, Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Sabine Delannoy
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Food Safety Laboratory, Platform IdentyPath, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Marie Bugarel
- Texas Tech University, Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Kendra K Nightingale
- Texas Tech University, Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Hattie E Webb
- Texas Tech University, Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - David G Renter
- Kansas State University, Department of Diagnostic Medicine Pathobiology, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Tiruvoor G Nagaraja
- Kansas State University, Department of Diagnostic Medicine Pathobiology, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Guy H Loneragan
- Texas Tech University, Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Patrick Fach
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Food Safety Laboratory, Platform IdentyPath, Maisons-Alfort, France
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27
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Sanjar F, Rusconi B, Hazen TH, Koenig SSK, Mammel MK, Feng PCH, Rasko DA, Eppinger M. Characterization of the pathogenome and phylogenomic classification of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli of the O157:non-H7 serotypes. Pathog Dis 2015; 73:ftv033. [PMID: 25962987 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftv033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli of the O157 serogroup are comprised of a diverse collection of more than 100 O157:non-H7 serotypes that are found in the environment, animal reservoir and infected patients and some have been linked to severe outbreaks of human disease. Among these, the enteropathogenic E. coli O157:non-H7 serotypes carry virulence factors that are hallmarks of enterohemorrhagic E. coli, such as causing attaching and effacing lesions during human gastrointestinal tract infections. Given the shared virulence gene pool between O157:H7 and O157:non-H7 serotypes, our objective was to examine the prevalence of virulence traits of O157:non-H7 serotypes within and across their H-serotype and when compared to other E. coli pathovars. We sequenced six O157:non-H7 genomes complemented by four genomes from public repositories in an effort to determine their virulence state and genetic relatedness to the highly pathogenic enterohemorrhagic O157:H7 lineage and its ancestral O55:H7 serotype. Whole-genome-based phylogenomic analysis and molecular typing is indicative of a non-monophyletic origin of the heterogeneous O157:non-H7 serotypes that are only distantly related to the O157:H7 serotype. The availability of multiple genomes enables robust phylogenomic placement of these strains into their evolutionary context, and the assessment of the pathogenic potential of the O157:non-H7 strains in causing human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Sanjar
- Department of Biology & South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Brigida Rusconi
- Department of Biology & South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Tracy H Hazen
- Institute for Genome Sciences (IGS), University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Baltimore, MD 21021, USA
| | - Sara S K Koenig
- Department of Biology & South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Mark K Mammel
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA
| | - Peter C H Feng
- Division of Microbiology, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA
| | - David A Rasko
- Institute for Genome Sciences (IGS), University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Baltimore, MD 21021, USA
| | - Mark Eppinger
- Department of Biology & South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
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28
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Occurrence of SHV, TEM and CTX-M β-Lactamase Genes Among Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Strains Isolated From Children With Diarrhea. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2015. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.15620.8(4)2015.15620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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29
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Memariani M, Najar Peerayeh S, Zahraei Salehi T, Shokouhi Mostafavi SK. Occurrence of SHV, TEM and CTX-M β-Lactamase Genes Among Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Strains Isolated From Children With Diarrhea. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2015; 8:e15620. [PMID: 26034531 PMCID: PMC4449847 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.8(4)2015.15620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Antibiotic resistance is widespread among diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in developing countries, where the overuse of antibiotics is common. Information regarding β-lactamases, especially Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases (ESBLs) in diarrheagenic pathogens should be considered in clinical management when an optimal treatment is needed. Objectives: The main objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of blaCTX-M, blaSHV and blaTEM β-lactamase genes among enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) isolates in Tehran, Iran. Materials and Methods: Stool specimens were collected from children with diarrhea during a 17-month period from 2011 to 2013. Routine biochemical tests were performed for identification of E. coli isolates. The isolates were further examined by PCR for the presence of eae, stx1, stx2 and bfp genes. EPEC isolates have been screened for different β-lactamase genes. Genotyping EPEC isolates harboring blaCTX-M15 gene was performed through Multi-Locus VNTR Analysis (MLVA). Results: Of 42 EPEC, eight isolates carried the blaCTX-M1. None of the isolates carried blaCTX-M2 and blaCTX-M9. The blaCTX-M15 variant was identified in all of blaCTX-M1-positive isolates. Furthermore, blaSHV and blaTEM genes were detected in 40.5% (n = 17) and 19% (n = 8) of all EPEC isolates, respectively. No significant association was observed between the existence of bfp gene and presence of those β-lactamase genes (P > 0.05). MLVA analysis revealed high genetic diversity among blaCTX-M15-positive isolates. Conclusions: Our study emphasized the increasing role of ESBL genes, especially blaCTX-M15 in EPEC isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Memariani
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Shahin Najar Peerayeh
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Shahin Najar Peerayeh, Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-2182883870, Fax: +98-2182884555, E-mail:
| | - Taghi Zahraei Salehi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, IR Iran
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Monaghan AM, Byrne B, McDowell D, Carroll AM, McNamara EB, Bolton DJ. Characterization of farm, food, and clinical Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O113. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2014; 9:1088-96. [PMID: 23237408 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2012.1257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Thirty-nine Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O113 Irish farm, abattoir, and clinical isolates were analyzed in conjunction with eight Australian, New Zealand, and Norwegian strains for H (flagellar) antigens, virulence gene profile (eaeA, hlyA, tir, espA, espB katP, espP, etpD, saa, sab, toxB, iha, lpfA(O157/OI-141,) lpfA(O113,) and lpfA(O157/OI-154)), Shiga toxin gene variants (stx(1c), stx(1d), stx(2), stx(2c), stx(2dact), stx(2e), stx(2f,) and stx(2g)) and were genotyped using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). All of the Irish strains were O113:H4, regardless of source, while all non-Irish isolates carried the H21 flagellar antigen. The stx(1) gene was present in 30 O113:H4 strains only, whereas the stx(2d) gene was common to all isolates regardless of source. In contrast, eaeA was absent, while hlyA was found in the Australian, New Zealand, Norwegian, and two of the Irish human clinical isolates. saa was present in the O113:H21 but not in the O113:H4 serotype. To the best of the author's knowledge, this is the first report of clinically significant STEC lacking both the eaeA and saa genes. PFGE analysis was inconclusive; however, MLST grouped the strains into three sequence types (ST): ST10, ST56, and ST223. Based on our findings, it was concluded that the stx(2d) gene is common in STEC O113, which are generally eaeA negative. Furthermore, STEC O113:H4 is a new, emerging bovine serotype of human clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aine M Monaghan
- Department of Food Safety, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin, Ireland
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31
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Pérez L, Apezteguía L, Piñeyrúa C, Dabezies A, Bianco MN, Schelotto F, Varela G. Hemolytic uremic syndrome with mild renal involvement due to Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O145 strain. Rev Argent Microbiol 2014; 46:103-6. [PMID: 25011592 DOI: 10.1016/s0325-7541(14)70056-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is a disorder characterized by the presence of the classic triad: microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia and acute renal injury. HUS without acute renal failure can be confused with other hematologic diseases. An infantile HUS caused by a Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O145 strain carrying genotype stx2, ehxA, eae subtype β1 is herein reported. The infant did not require dialysis during the acute stage of HUS, evolved favorably, maintained normal blood pressure and normal renal function and had no recurrence until the last control. This could be due to several factors, such as the characteristics of infecting STEC strain and a reduction in host susceptibility to renal injury. This report highlights the regional participation of non-O157 STEC in childhood diseases and the importance of performing active surveillance for all forms of HUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Pérez
- Departamento de Bacteriología y Virología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | | | | | - María N Bianco
- Departamento de Bacteriología y Virología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Felipe Schelotto
- Departamento de Bacteriología y Virología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gustavo Varela
- Departamento de Bacteriología y Virología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Murakami K, Etoh Y, Ichihara S, Maeda E, Takenaka S, Horikawa K, Narimatsu H, Kawano K, Kawamura Y, Ito K. Isolation and characteristics of Shiga toxin 2f-producing Escherichia coli among pigeons in Kyushu, Japan. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86076. [PMID: 24465879 PMCID: PMC3900449 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of Shiga toxin 2f-producing Escherichia coli (STEC2f) infections in humans are being reported in Europe, and pigeons have been suggested as a reservoir for the pathogen. In Japan, there is very little information regarding carriage of STEC2f by pigeons, prompting the need for further investigation. We collected 549 samples of pigeon droppings from 14 locations in Kyushu, Japan, to isolate STEC2f and to investigate characteristics of the isolates. Shiga toxin stx 2f gene fragments were detected by PCR in 16 (2.9%) of the 549 dropping samples across four of the 14 locations. We obtained 23 STEC2f-isolates from seven of the original samples and from three pigeon dropping samples collected in an additional sampling experiment (from a total of seven locations across both sampling periods). Genotypic and phenotypic characteristics were then examined for selected isolates from each of 10 samples with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles. Eight of the stx 2f gene fragments sequenced in this study were homologous to others that were identified in Europe. Some isolates also contained virulence-related genes, including lpfA O26, irp 2, and fyuA, and all of the 10 selected isolates maintained the eae, astA, and cdt genes. Moreover, five of the 10 selected isolates contained sfpA, a gene that is restricted to Shiga toxin-producing E. coli O165:H2 and sorbitol-fermenting Shiga toxin-producing E. coli O157:NM. We document serotypes O152:HNM, O128:HNM, and O145:H34 as STEC2f, which agrees with previous studies on pigeons and humans. Interestingly, O119:H21 was newly described as STEC2f. O145:H34, with sequence type 722, was described in a German study in humans and was also isolated in the current study. These results revealed that Japanese zoonotic STEC2f strains harboring several virulence-related factors may be of the same clonal complexes as some European strains. These findings provide useful information for public health-related disease management strategies in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Murakami
- Department of Health Science, Fukuoka Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences, Dazaifu, Fukuoka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Yoshiki Etoh
- Department of Health Science, Fukuoka Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences, Dazaifu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Sachiko Ichihara
- Department of Health Science, Fukuoka Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences, Dazaifu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Eriko Maeda
- Department of Health Science, Fukuoka Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences, Dazaifu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Takenaka
- Department of Health Science, Fukuoka Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences, Dazaifu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazumi Horikawa
- Department of Health Science, Fukuoka Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences, Dazaifu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Narimatsu
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Oita Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, Oita, Oita, Japan
| | - Kimiko Kawano
- Miyazaki Prefectural Institute for Public Health and Environment, Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kawamura
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kenitiro Ito
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Pacheco VCR, Yamamoto D, Abe CM, Hernandes RT, Mora A, Blanco J, Gomes TAT. Invasion of differentiated intestinal Caco-2 cells is a sporadic property among atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli strains carrying common intimin subtypes. Pathog Dis 2013; 70:167-75. [PMID: 24339197 DOI: 10.1111/2049-632x.12112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (aEPEC) strains produce attaching-effacing (AE) lesions on enterocytes due to the interaction of the adhesin intimin with its translocated receptor. aEPEC strain 1551-2 was previously shown to invade HeLa and T84 cells by means of the uncommon intimin subtype omicron. Other aEPEC strains carrying uncommon intimin subtypes have also been shown to invade differentiated T84 intestinal cells. In this study, seven aEPEC strains carrying the most common EPEC intimin subtypes (alpha, beta, and gamma) were evaluated regarding the ability to invade differentiated intestinal Caco-2 cells. Although all strains adhered to and promoted AE lesions, the numbers of cell-associated bacteria varied significantly between the different strains regardless of the intimin subtype (P < 0.05). Gentamicin protection assay and transmission electron microscopy analyses showed that in comparison with the invasive strain 1551-2, only one strain (aEPEC EC423/03, intimin beta) was invasive (P = 0.05). Although both strains persisted intracellularly until 48 h, the number of viable bacteria of EC423/03 decreased, whereas that of 1551-2 increased significantly up to 24 h and then decreased. In conclusion, invasiveness is a sporadic property among aEPEC strains carrying some common intimin subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica C R Pacheco
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina (UNIFESP - EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Estimating the prevalence of potential enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and intimin gene diversity in a human community by monitoring sanitary sewage. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 80:119-27. [PMID: 24141131 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02747-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Presently, the understanding of bacterial enteric diseases in the community and their virulence factors relies almost exclusively on clinical disease reporting and examination of clinical pathogen isolates. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of an alternative approach that monitors potential enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) prevalence and intimin gene (eae) diversity in a community by directly quantifying and characterizing target virulence genes in the sanitary sewage. The quantitative PCR (qPCR) quantification of the eae, stx1, and stx2 genes in sanitary sewage samples collected over a 13-month period detected eae in all 13 monthly sewage samples at significantly higher abundance (93 to 7,240 calibrator cell equivalents [CCE]/100 ml) than stx1 and stx2, which were detected sporadically. The prevalence level of potential EPEC in the sanitary sewage was estimated by calculating the ratio of eae to uidA, which averaged 1.0% (σ = 0.4%) over the 13-month period. Cloning and sequencing of the eae gene directly from the sewage samples covered the majority of the eae diversity in the sewage and detected 17 unique eae alleles belonging to 14 subtypes. Among them, eae-β2 was identified to be the most prevalent subtype in the sewage, with the highest detection frequency in the clone libraries (41.2%) and within the different sampling months (85.7%). Additionally, sewage and environmental E. coli isolates were also obtained and used to determine the detection frequencies of the virulence genes as well as eae genetic diversity for comparison.
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Xue-Han Z, Qing Y, Ya-Dong L, Bin L, Renata I, Kong-Wang H. Development of a LAMP assay for rapid detection of different intimin variants of attaching and effacing microbial pathogens. J Med Microbiol 2013; 62:1665-1672. [PMID: 23893919 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.054551-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intimin harboured by pathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains is a key virulence factor involved in host cell adherence and colonization. Twenty-seven intimin-encoding E. coli attaching and effacing (eae) gene variants have been reported according to their 3' binding domain sequences. In our study, we developed a specific and sensitive loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay to detect all known intimin variants. Four primers specific for six regions of eae genes were designed using online software. The eae-LAMP assay was highly specific and detected all 27 tested eae variants; no cross-reactions were observed with genes from enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), E. coli BL21, Salmonella, Shigella, Listeria monocytogenes, or Streptococcus suis type 2 (SS2). With the lowest detection limit of approximately 10 copies per reaction the eae-LAMP assay was 100 times more sensitive than conventional PCR. These results, and the results of tests involving food and faecal samples artificially contaminated with E. coli O157 : H7 (eaeγ+), show that the eae-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, sensitive and specific tool for detecting intimin variants from pathogenic strains of E. coli. The eae-LAMP assay has great potential for wider applications, not only in the laboratory but also in the field setting, as it does not require specialized equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Xue-Han
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products of Agricultural Ministry; National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Ye Qing
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products of Agricultural Ministry; National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Liu Ya-Dong
- Nanjing Tech-Bank Bio-industry Co. Ltd, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Li Bin
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products of Agricultural Ministry; National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Ivanek Renata
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - He Kong-Wang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products of Agricultural Ministry; National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing 210014, China
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Bolton DJ, Ennis C, McDowell D. Occurrence, virulence genes and antibiotic resistance of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) from twelve bovine farms in the north-east of Ireland. Zoonoses Public Health 2013; 61:149-56. [PMID: 23782867 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Cattle faecal samples (n = 480) were collected from a cluster of 12 farms, and PCR screened for the presence of the intimin gene (eae). Positive samples were cultured, and colonies were examined for the presence of eae and verocytotoxin (vtx) genes. Colonies which were positive for the intimin gene and negative for the verocytotoxin genes were further screened using PCR for a range of virulence factors including bfpA, espA, espB, tir ehxA, toxB, etpD, katP, saa, iha, lpfAO157/OI-141 and lpfAO157/OI-154. Of the 480 faecal samples, 5.8% (28/480) were PCR positive, and one isolate was obtained from each. All 28 isolates obtained were bfpA negative and therefore atypical EPEC (aEPEC). The serotypes detected included O2:H27, O8:H36, O15:H2, O49:H+, O84:H28, O105:H7 and O132:H34 but half of the isolates could not be serogrouped using currently available antisera. Twenty-two (79%) of the isolates carried the tir gene but only 25% were espB positive, and all other virulence genes tested for were scarce or absent. Several isolates showed intermediate resistance to ciprofloxacin, kanamycin, nalidixic acid, minocycline and tetracycline; full resistance to nalidixic acid or tetracycline with one isolate (O-:H8) displaying resistance to aminoglycosides (kanamycin and streptomycin), quinolones (nalidixic acid) and sulphonamides. This study provides further evidence that cattle are a potential source of aEPEC and add to the very limited data currently available on virulence genes and antibiotic resistance in this pathogenic E. coli group in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Bolton
- Department of Food Safety, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland
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37
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Monaghan Á, Byrne B, Fanning S, Sweeney T, McDowell D, Bolton D. Serotypes and virulence profiles of atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli
(EPEC) isolated from bovine farms and abattoirs. J Appl Microbiol 2012; 114:595-603. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Revised: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 11/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Á. Monaghan
- Department of Food Safety; Ashtown Food Research Centre; Teagasc Ashtown Dublin Ireland
| | - B. Byrne
- Department of Food Safety; Ashtown Food Research Centre; Teagasc Ashtown Dublin Ireland
| | - S. Fanning
- Centres for Food Safety & Food-borne Zoonomics; School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin Ireland
| | - T. Sweeney
- Centres for Food Safety & Food-borne Zoonomics; School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin Ireland
| | - D. McDowell
- School of Health Sciences; University of Ulster; Newtownabbey Co Antrim UK
| | - D.J. Bolton
- Department of Food Safety; Ashtown Food Research Centre; Teagasc Ashtown Dublin Ireland
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38
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Nakhjavani FA, Emaneini M, Hosseini H, Iman-Eini H, Aligholi M, Jabalameli F, Haghi-Ashtiani MT, Taherikalani M, Mirsalehian A. Molecular analysis of typical and atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) isolated from children with diarrhoea. J Med Microbiol 2012; 62:191-195. [PMID: 23065543 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.046516-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diarrhoea continues to be one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality among infants and children in developing countries. To investigate the incidence, antimicrobial resistance and genetic relationships of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) in children with diarrhoea, a total of 612 stool specimens were collected in Tehran, Iran, and cultured to isolate strains of EPEC. The disc diffusion method was used to determine the susceptibility of the isolates according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. The presence of eae, stx and bfp-A genes was determined by PCR. The genetic relationships between EPEC isolates were determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Out of the 412 strains of E. coli obtained from 612 diarrhoeal stool specimens, 23 (5.6 %) were identified as EPEC, of which seven (30.4 %) were classified as typical strains of EPEC and 16 (69.6 %) were classified as atypical. Out of the 23 EPEC isolates, 69.5 % were resistant to ampicillin, 39.1 % were resistant to tetracycline and cotrimoxazole, 30.4 % were resistant to cefpodoxime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone and aztreonam, and 26.1 % were resistant to imipenem. The isolates were classified into 21 pulsotypes by PFGE profiles. The present study shows that typical and atypical EPEC isolates displayed considerable heterogeneity in PFGE profiles and EPEC infections were only sporadic in Tehran. Overall 69 % of isolates were resistant to at least one of the antibiotics tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farrokh Akbari Nakhjavani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 14155-6447, Tehran 14174, Iran
| | - Mohammad Emaneini
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 14155-6447, Tehran 14174, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseini
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 14155-6447, Tehran 14174, Iran
| | - Hossein Iman-Eini
- School of ECE, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, PO Box 11365-4563, Tehran 14174, Iran
| | - Marzieh Aligholi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 14155-6447, Tehran 14174, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Jabalameli
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 14155-6447, Tehran 14174, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Haghi-Ashtiani
- Department of Pathology, Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 14155-6447, Tehran 14174, Iran
| | - Morovat Taherikalani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam 69315, Iran
| | - Akbar Mirsalehian
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 14155-6447, Tehran 14174, Iran
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39
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Intimin subtyping of atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from children with and without diarrhea: a possible temporal shift in the distribution of intimin alleles. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2012; 74:81-3. [PMID: 22727835 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2012.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Revised: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Intimins of atypical EPEC strains from children with and without diarrhea were genotyped. κ was not found and β was the most common. η- and ζ-alleles prevailed in strains from children without diarrhea and ι-allele among children older than 13 months. ε-allele emerged in 2006 and was the most common in 2007.
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40
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Najibi S, Bakhshi B, Fallahzad S, Pourshafie MR, Katouli M, Sattari M, Alebouyeh M, Tajbakhsh M. Distribution of class 1 integrons among enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. Can J Microbiol 2012; 58:637-43. [PMID: 22540184 DOI: 10.1139/w2012-035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of and resistance gene content of class 1 integrons among enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and non-EPEC and to investigate intraspecies genetic diversity of EPEC strains isolated from children with diarrhea in Iran. Twenty-eight EPEC and 16 non-EPEC strains isolated from children with diarrhea were tested for the presence of a class 1 integron associated integrase gene (int1). Sequence analysis was performed to identify the resistance gene content of integrons. Genetic diversity and cluster analysis of EPEC isolates were also investigated using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic concensus-polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR) fingerprinting. Twenty-three (82%) EPEC isolates and 11 (68.7%) non-EPEC isolates harbored the int1 gene specific to the conserved integrase region of class 1 integrons. Sequence analysis revealed the dominance of dfrA and aadA gene cassettes among the isolates of both groups. ERIC-PCR fingerprinting of EPEC isolates revealed a high diversity among these isolates. The widespread distribution of 2 resistance gene families (dfrA and aadA) among both groups of EPEC and non-EPEC isolates indicates the significance of integrons in antibiotic resistance transfer among these bacteria. Furthermore, clonal diversity of EPEC isolates harbouring a class 1 integron also suggests the circulation of these mobile elements among a diverse population of EPEC in this country.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Najibi
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Jalal-Ale-Ahmad Avenue, Tehran 14117-13116, Iran
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41
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Taniuchi M, Walters CC, Gratz J, Maro A, Kumburu H, Serichantalergs O, Sethabutr O, Bodhidatta L, Kibiki G, Toney DM, Berkeley L, Nataro JP, Houpt ER. Development of a multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay for diarrheagenic Escherichia coli and Shigella spp. and its evaluation on colonies, culture broths, and stool. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2012; 73:121-8. [PMID: 22541788 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2012.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Detection of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) typically depends on identification of virulence genes from stool cultures, not on stool itself. We developed a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay that detects key DEC virulence genes (stx1, stx2, eae, bfpA, ipaH, LT, STh, aaiC, aatA). The assay involved a multiplex PCR reaction followed by detection of amplicon(s) using Luminex beads. The assay was evaluated on over 100 colony and broth specimens. We then evaluated the assay using DNA extracted from stool, colony pools, and Gram-negative broths, using stool spiked with known quantities of DEC. Performance of the assay on stool DNA was most quantitative, while stool broth DNA offered the lowest limit of detection. The assay was prospectively evaluated on clinical specimens in Tanzania. Stool DNA yielded higher sensitivity than colony pools compared with broth DNA as the standard. We propose using this assay to screen for DEC directly in stool or stool broths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mami Taniuchi
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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42
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Contreras CA, Ochoa TJ, Ruiz J, Lacher DW, Durand D, DebRoy C, Lanata CF, Cleary TG. Genetic diversity of locus of enterocyte effacement genes of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from Peruvian children. J Med Microbiol 2012; 61:1114-1120. [PMID: 22493278 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.045443-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and allele associations of locus of enterocyte effacement encoded esp and tir genes among 181 enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) strains (90 diarrhoea-associated and 91 controls) isolated from Peruvian children under 18 months of age. We analysed espA, espB, espD and tir alleles by PCR-RFLP. EPEC strains were isolated with higher frequency from healthy controls (91/424, 21.7%) than from diarrhoeal samples (90/936, 9.6%) (P<0.001); 28.9% of diarrhoeal and 17.6% of control samples were typical EPEC (tEPEC). The distribution of espA alleles (alpha, beta, beta2 and gamma) and espD alleles (alpha, beta, gamma and a new variant, espD-N1) between tEPEC and atypical EPEC (aEPEC) was significantly different (P<0.05). espD-alpha was more common among acute episodes (P<0.05). espB typing resulted in five alleles (alpha, beta, gamma and two new sub-alleles, espB-alpha2 and espB-alpha3), while tir-beta and tir-gamma2 were the most common intimin receptor subtypes. Seventy-two combinations of espA, espB, espD and tir alleles were found; the most prevalent combination was espA-beta, espB-beta, espD-beta, tir-beta (34/181 strains), which was more frequent among tEPEC strains (P<0.05). Our findings indicate that there is a high degree of heterogeneity among EPEC strains isolated from Peruvian children and that aEPEC and tEPEC variants cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Contreras
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical 'Alexander von Humboldt', Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - T J Ochoa
- University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, USA.,Instituto de Medicina Tropical 'Alexander von Humboldt', Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - J Ruiz
- CIBERESP, Barcelona, Spain.,Centre de Recerca en Salut Internacional de Barcelona, Hospital Clinic/Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - D W Lacher
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland, USA
| | - D Durand
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical 'Alexander von Humboldt', Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - C DebRoy
- E. coli Reference Center, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - C F Lanata
- Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru.,Instituto de Investigación Nutricional, Lima, Peru
| | - T G Cleary
- University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, USA
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Horcajo P, Domínguez-Bernal G, de la Fuente R, Ruiz-Santa-Quiteria JA, Blanco JE, Blanco M, Mora A, Dahbi G, López C, Puentes B, Alonso MP, Blanco J, Orden JA. Comparison of ruminant and human attaching and effacing Escherichia coli (AEEC) strains. Vet Microbiol 2012; 155:341-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Revised: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 08/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ochoa TJ, Contreras CA. Enteropathogenic escherichia coli infection in children. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2011; 24:478-83. [PMID: 21857511 DOI: 10.1097/qco.0b013e32834a8b8b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is an important diarrheal pathogen of young children. As the diagnosis of EPEC is now based mainly on molecular criteria, there has been an important change in its prevalence. The purpose of this study is to review the current epidemiology of EPEC infection and the new insights into its physiopathology. RECENT FINDINGS Recent epidemiological studies indicate that atypical EPEC (aEPEC) is more prevalent than typical EPEC (tEPEC) in both developed and developing countries, and that aEPEC is important in both pediatric endemic diarrhea and diarrhea outbreaks. Therefore, it is important to further characterize the pathogenicity of these emerging strains. The virulence mechanisms and physiopathology of the attaching and effacing lesion (A/E) and the type three secretion-system (T3SS) are complex but well studied. A/E strains use their pool of locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE)-encoded and non-LEE-encoded effector proteins to subvert and modulate cellular and barrier properties of the host. However, the exact mechanisms of diarrhea in EPEC infection are not completely understood. SUMMARY Remarkable progress has been made to identify virulence determinants required to mediate the pathogenesis of EPEC. However, fast, easy, and inexpensive diagnostic methods are needed in order to define optimal treatment and prevention for children in endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa J Ochoa
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical 'Alexander von Humboldt', Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú.
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45
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Bardiau M, Labrozzo S, Mainil JG. Study of polymorphisms in tir, eae and tccP2 genes in enterohaemorrhagic and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli of serogroup O26. BMC Microbiol 2011; 11:124. [PMID: 21624114 PMCID: PMC3119187 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-11-124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Accepted: 05/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Enteropathogenic (EPEC) and enterohaemorrhagic (EHEC) Escherichia coli are responsible for food poisoning (enteritis and enterotoxaemia) in humans in developed countries. Cattle are considered to be an important reservoir of EHEC and EPEC strains for humans. Moreover, some of the strains, belonging to the O26, O111, O118 serogroups, for example, are also responsible for digestive disorders in calves. The Translocated intimin receptor (Tir), the intimin (Eae) and the Tir-cytoskeleton coupling protein (TccP) represent three virulence factors implicated in the intimate attachment of the bacteria to the eukaryotic cell. Major variants have already been described for these genes among the different serogroups but minor variations have not often been studied. In this study, we examined the polymorphisms of the tir, eae and tccP2 genes of O26 strains (EPEC and EHEC isolated from bovines and from humans) with the aim to determine whether these polymorphisms are host specific or not. Results Of the 70 tested strains, 10 strains (14% of the strains) presented one or several polymorphisms in the tir and eae genes, which have never previously been described. Concerning tccP2 detection, 47 of the 70 strains (67% of the strains) were found to be positive for this gene. Most of the strains were found to possess tccP2 variants described in strains of serogroup O26. Nevertheless, three strains had tccP2 genes respectively described in strains of serogroup O111, O103 and O55. Moreover, none of the polymorphisms was statistically specific to the bovine or the human isolates. Nevertheless, the two major variants of tccP2 were statistically associated with the pathotype (EPEC or EHEC). Conclusions In conclusion, tir and eae gene polymorphisms were found not to be numerous and not to be predominantly synonymous. Moreover, no difference was observed between human and bovine strains regarding the presence of polymorphisms. Finally, some tccP2 variants appeared to be pathotype specific. Further investigations need to be performed on a larger number of strains in order to confirm this specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie Bardiau
- Bacteriology, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Veterinary Faculty, University of Liège, Liège B4000, Belgium
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46
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Silva I, Evêncio-Neto J, Silva R, Lucena-Silva N, Magalhães J, Baliza M. Caracterização genotípica dos isolados de Escherichia coli provenientes de frangos de corte. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-09352011000200010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Caracterizaram-se genotipicamente os isolados de Escherichia coli oriundos de fígado de frangos provenientes de dois matadouros avícolas. Foram coletadas 62 amostras de fígados de frangos, sendo 30 macroscopicamente inalterados e 32 com alteração macroscópica e que originaram no descarte da carcaça. Isolaram-se 30 cepas de Escherichia coli pelo método clássico, sendo 21 isoladas de fígados inalterados e nove provenientes de carcaças rejeitadas. Utilizou-se a reação em cadeia de polimerase para verificação de genes de virulência de E. coli, incluindo o gene de resistência sérica (iss) para identificação de E. coli patogênica para aves, o gene para Shiga cytotoxin 1 e 2 (stx) para identificação de E. coli enteroemorrágica, o gene bfpA para identificação de E. coli enteropatogênica e os genes para toxinas LT-I (elt) e ST-I (stI) para identificação de E. coli enterotoxigênica. Identificou-se iss em 83,3% (25/30) dos isolados, sendo 76,2% (16/21) provenientes de fígados de animais hígidos, e detectou-se stx em 13,3% (4/30). Os genes stx e iss foram identificados em três fígados, caracterizando infecção mista. Os genes não foram observados em um isolado de E. coli pelo método clássico. Faz-se necessária a utilização de tecnologias para identificação e prevenção de Escherichia coli nos aviários e matadouros avícolas.
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Affiliation(s)
- I.M.M. Silva
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco; Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia
| | | | - R.M. Silva
- Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia
| | | | - J. Magalhães
- Instituto de Medicina Integral Professor Fernando Figueira
| | - M. Baliza
- Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia
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47
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Lauri A, Castiglioni B, Morabito S, Tozzoli R, Consolandi C, Mariani P. A tool based on Ligation Detection Reaction-Universal Array (LDR-UA) for the characterization of VTEC by identification of virulence-associated and serogroup-specific genes. Mol Cell Probes 2010; 25:35-43. [PMID: 20969949 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2010.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2010] [Revised: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Verocytoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC) are zoonotic pathogens whose natural reservoir is represented by ruminants, particularly cattle. Infections are mainly acquired by consumption of undercooked contaminated food of animal origin, contact with infected animals and contaminated environment. VTEC O157 is the most frequently isolated serogroup from cases of human disease, however, other VTEC serogroups, such as O26, O111, O145 and O103, are increasingly reported as causing Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS) worldwide. The identification of VTEC is troublesome, hindering the development of effective prevention strategies. In fact, VTEC are morphologically indistinguishable from harmless E. coli and their pathogenic potential is not strictly dependent on the serogroup, but relies on the presence of a collection of virulence genes. We developed a diagnostic tool for VTEC based on the Ligation Detection Reaction coupled to Universal Array (LDR-UA) for the simultaneous identification of virulence factors and serogroup-associated genes. The method includes the investigation of 40 sites located in 13 fragments from 12 genes (sodCF1/F2, adfO, terB, ehxA, eae, vtx1, vtx2, ihp1, wzx, wbdI, rfbE, dnaK) and was evaluated by performing a trial on a collection of 67 E. coli strains, both VTEC and VT-negative E. coli, as well as on 25 isolates belonging to other related species. Results of this study showed that the LDR-UA technique was specific in identifying the target microorganism. Moreover, due to its higher throughput, the LDR-UA can be a valid and cheaper alternative to real time PCR-based (rt-PCR) methods for VTEC identification.
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48
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Contreras CA, Ochoa TJ, Lacher DW, DebRoy C, Navarro A, Talledo M, Donnenberg MS, Ecker L, Gil AI, Lanata CF, Cleary TG. Allelic variability of critical virulence genes (eae, bfpA and perA) in typical and atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in Peruvian children. J Med Microbiol 2010; 59:25-31. [PMID: 19797469 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.013706-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is a leading cause of infantile diarrhoea in developing countries. The aim of this study was to describe the allelic diversity of critical EPEC virulence genes and their association with clinical characteristics. One hundred and twenty EPEC strains isolated from a cohort diarrhoea study in Peruvian children were characterized for the allele type of eae (intimin), bfpA (bundlin pilin protein of bundle-forming pilus) and perA (plasmid encoded regulator) genes by PCR-RFLP. Atypical EPEC strains (eae+, bfp-) were the most common pathotype in diarrhoea (54/74, 73 %) and control samples from children without diarrhoea (40/46, 87 %). Overall, there were 13 eae alleles; the most common were beta (34/120, 28 %), theta (24/120, 20 %), kappa (14/120, 12 %) and mu (8/120, 7 %). There were five bfpA alleles; the most common were beta1/7 (10/26), alpha3 (7/26) and beta5 (3/26). There were three perA alleles: beta (8/16), alpha (7/16) and gamma (1/16). The strains belonged to 36 distinct serogroups; O55 was the most frequent. The gamma-intimin allele was more frequently found in diarrhoea episodes of longer duration (>7 days) than those of shorter duration (3/26, 12 % vs 0/48, 0 %, P<0.05). The kappa-intimin allele had the highest clinical severity score in comparison with other alleles (P<0.05). In Peruvian children, the virulence genes of EPEC strains are highly variable. Further studies are needed to evaluate additional virulence markers to determine whether relationships exist between specific variants and clinical features of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Contreras
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical 'Alexander von Humboldt', Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - T J Ochoa
- University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, USA.,Instituto de Medicina Tropical 'Alexander von Humboldt', Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - D W Lacher
- US Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland, USA
| | - C DebRoy
- E. coli Reference Center, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - A Navarro
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico
| | - M Talledo
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Instituto de Medicina Tropical 'Alexander von Humboldt', Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | | | - L Ecker
- Instituto de Investigación Nutricional, Lima, Peru
| | - A I Gil
- Instituto de Investigación Nutricional, Lima, Peru
| | - C F Lanata
- Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru.,Instituto de Investigación Nutricional, Lima, Peru
| | - T G Cleary
- University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, USA
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49
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Menezes MA, Rocha LB, Koga PCM, Fernandes I, Nara JM, Magalhães CA, Abe CM, Ayala CO, Burgos YK, Elias WP, Castro AFP, Piazza RMF. Identification of enteropathogenic and enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli strains by immunoserological detection of intimin. J Appl Microbiol 2009; 108:878-887. [PMID: 19709337 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04484.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) against intimin in the detection of enteropathogenic and enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli isolates using immunoblotting. METHODS AND RESULTS Polyclonal and Mabs against the intimin-conserved region were raised, and their reactivities were compared in enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) and enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) isolates using immunoblotting analysis. In comparison with rat antiserum, rabbit anti-intimin IgG-enriched fraction had a stronger recognition pattern to a wide spectrum of intimin types in different EPEC and EHEC serotypes. On the other hand, murine monoclonal IgG2b specific to intimin, with dissociation constant of 1.3x10(-8) mol l(-1), failed in the detection of some of these isolates. CONCLUSION All employed antibodies showed 100% specificity, not reacting with any of the eae-negative isolates. The sensitivity range was according to the employed antisera, and 97% for rabbit anti-intimin IgG-enriched fraction, followed by 92% and 78% sensitivity with rat antisera and Mab. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The rabbit anti-intimin IgG-enriched fraction in immunoblotting analysis is a useful tool for EPEC and EHEC diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Menezes
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - L B Rocha
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - P C M Koga
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - I Fernandes
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - J M Nara
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - C A Magalhães
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - C M Abe
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - C O Ayala
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Y K Burgos
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - W P Elias
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - A F P Castro
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - R M F Piazza
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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50
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Arbeloa A, Blanco M, Moreira FC, Bulgin R, López C, Dahbi G, Blanco JE, Mora A, Alonso MP, Mamani RC, Gomes TAT, Blanco J, Frankel G. Distribution of espM and espT among enteropathogenic and enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli. J Med Microbiol 2009; 58:988-995. [PMID: 19528152 PMCID: PMC2884945 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.010231-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2009] [Accepted: 04/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) and enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) translocate dozens of type III secretion system effectors, including the WxxxE effectors Map, EspM and EspT that activate Rho GTPases. While map, which is carried on the LEE pathogenicity island, is absolutely conserved among EPEC and EHEC strains, the prevalence of espM and espT is not known. Here we report the results of a large screen aimed at determining the prevalence of espM and espT among clinical EPEC and EHEC isolates. The results suggest that espM, detected in 51 % of the tested strains, is more commonly found in EPEC and EHEC serogroups that are linked to severe human infections. In contrast, espT was absent from all the EHEC isolates and was found in only 1.8 % of the tested EPEC strains. Further characterization of the virulence gene repertoire of the espT-positive strains led to the identification of a new zeta2 intimin variant. All the espT-positive strains but two contained the tccP gene. espT was first found in Citrobacter rodentium and later in silico in EPEC E110019, which is of particular interest as this strain was responsible for a particularly severe diarrhoeal outbreak in Finland in 1987 that affected 650 individuals in a school complex and an additional 137 associated household members. Comparing the protein sequences of EspT to that of E110019 showed a high level of conservation, with only three strains encoding EspT that differed in 6 amino acids. At present, it is not clear why espT is so rare, and what impact EspM and EspT have on EPEC and EHEC infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Arbeloa
- Centre for Molecular Microbiology and Infection, Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Miguel Blanco
- Laboratorio de Referencia de E. coli, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Fabiana C. Moreira
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Richard Bulgin
- Centre for Molecular Microbiology and Infection, Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Cecilia López
- Laboratorio de Referencia de E. coli, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Ghizlane Dahbi
- Laboratorio de Referencia de E. coli, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Jesús E. Blanco
- Laboratorio de Referencia de E. coli, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Azucena Mora
- Laboratorio de Referencia de E. coli, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - María Pilar Alonso
- Unidade de Microbioloxía Clínica, Complexo Hospitalario Xeral-Calde, Lugo, Spain
| | - Rosalia Ceferina Mamani
- Laboratorio de Referencia de E. coli, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Tânia A. T. Gomes
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jorge Blanco
- Laboratorio de Referencia de E. coli, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Gad Frankel
- Centre for Molecular Microbiology and Infection, Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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