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Bouazizi A, Ben Hadj Fredj M, Bennour H, Jerbi A, Ouafa kallala, Fodha I, Trabelsi A. Molecular analysis of adenovirus strains responsible for gastroenteritis in children, under five, in Tunisia. Heliyon 2024; 10:e22969. [PMID: 38163238 PMCID: PMC10754908 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose of work Enteric Adenovirus (EAdV) is recognized as one of the most commonly identified agents responsible for severe acute gastroenteritis (AGEs) in the stools of infants.We sought to determine the rate of human adenovirus (HAdV) infections, and the genotypic characterization of circulating strains of HAdV in children under 5 years of age with AGEs in university and regional hospitals, located in the Center-East of Tunisia, from January 2014 to December 2016. Methods A classic PCR was performed on 582 stool samples taken within 5 days of the onset of symptoms. Chosen positive samples were sequenced, and some of the results were confirmed by the Next Generation Sequencing technique (NGS). Partial nucleotide sequences of the Hexon gene obtained in this study were compared with the NCBI GenBank database using BLAST. Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis were conducted using MEGA6 software. The phylogenetic tree was generated using the maximum-likelihood method and bootstrap analysis was performed with 1000 replications. Results Out of 582 samples, 52 (8.93 %) cases were positive for HAdV, with a male predominance (57.4 %). Phylogenetic analyses showed that Tunisian HAdV strains clustered into five HAdV lineages corresponding to serotypes F41 (14/28), C2 (9/28), C5 (3/28), E4 (1/28), and A18 (1/28). HAdV was more frequent in children aged up to 12 months, as compared to the other age groups. The HAdV activity was noted in almost all the months of the year with a peak in autumn, in 2014 and 2015, and in winter in 2016. Conclusion This study showed that infections with HAdV species were frequent in children suffering from AGE with the predominance of HAdV F41 and C2. This result underlines the importance of regular monitoring of circulating genotypes, and it could be useful for future epidemiological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Bouazizi
- Research laboratory for Epidemiology and immunogenetics of viral infections (LR14SP02), Sahloul University Hospital, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mouna Ben Hadj Fredj
- Research laboratory for Epidemiology and immunogenetics of viral infections (LR14SP02), Sahloul University Hospital, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
- Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University of Kairouan, Kairouan, Tunisia
| | - Haifa Bennour
- Research laboratory for Epidemiology and immunogenetics of viral infections (LR14SP02), Sahloul University Hospital, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Amira Jerbi
- Research laboratory for Epidemiology and immunogenetics of viral infections (LR14SP02), Sahloul University Hospital, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Ouafa kallala
- Research laboratory for Epidemiology and immunogenetics of viral infections (LR14SP02), Sahloul University Hospital, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Imene Fodha
- Research laboratory for Epidemiology and immunogenetics of viral infections (LR14SP02), Sahloul University Hospital, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Abdelhalim Trabelsi
- Research laboratory for Epidemiology and immunogenetics of viral infections (LR14SP02), Sahloul University Hospital, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
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Kimura H, Hayashi Y, Kitagawa M, Yoshizaki M, Saito K, Harada K, Okayama K, Miura Y, Kimura R, Shirai T, Fujita K, Machida S, Ito K, Kurosawa I. Pathogen Profiles in Outpatients with Non-COVID-19 during the 7th Prevalent Period of COVID-19 in Gunma, Japan. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2142. [PMID: 37763986 PMCID: PMC10536078 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of pathogens associated with respiratory symptoms other than the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can be challenging. However, the diagnosis of pathogens is crucial for assessing the clinical outcome of patients. We comprehensively profiled pathogens causing non-COVID-19 respiratory symptoms during the 7th prevalent period in Gunma, Japan, using deep sequencing combined with a next-generation sequencer (NGS) and advanced bioinformatics technologies. The study included nasopharyngeal swabs from 40 patients who tested negative for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) using immuno-chromatography and/or quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) methods. Comprehensive pathogen sequencing was conducted through deep sequencing using NGS. Additionally, short reads obtained from NGS were analyzed for comprehensive pathogen estimation using MePIC (Metagenomic Pathogen Identification Pipeline for Clinical Specimens) and/or VirusTap. The results revealed the presence of various pathogens, including respiratory viruses and bacteria, in the present subjects. Notably, human adenovirus (HAdV) was the most frequently detected virus in 16 of the 40 cases (40.0%), followed by coryneforms, which were the most frequently detected bacteria in 21 of the 40 cases (52.5%). Seasonal human coronaviruses (NL63 type, 229E type, HKU1 type, and OC43 type), human bocaviruses, and human herpesviruses (human herpesvirus types 1-7) were not detected. Moreover, multiple pathogens were detected in 50% of the subjects. These results suggest that various respiratory pathogens may be associated with non-COVID-19 patients during the 7th prevalent period in Gunma Prefecture, Japan. Consequently, for an accurate diagnosis of pathogens causing respiratory infections, detailed pathogen analyses may be necessary. Furthermore, it is possible that various pathogens, excluding SARS-CoV-2, may be linked to fever and/or respiratory infections even during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Kimura
- Department of Health Science, Gunma Paz University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Takasaki-shi 370-0006, Gunma, Japan; (Y.H.); (K.H.); (K.O.); (Y.M.); (K.F.)
- Advanced Medical Science Research Center, Gunma Paz University Research Institute, Shibukawa-shi 377-0008, Gunma, Japan; (R.K.); (T.S.); (K.I.)
| | - Yuriko Hayashi
- Department of Health Science, Gunma Paz University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Takasaki-shi 370-0006, Gunma, Japan; (Y.H.); (K.H.); (K.O.); (Y.M.); (K.F.)
| | - Masanari Kitagawa
- Project Department, Takara Bio Inc., Kusatsu-shi 525-0058, Shiga, Japan; (M.K.); (M.Y.); (K.S.)
| | - Miwa Yoshizaki
- Project Department, Takara Bio Inc., Kusatsu-shi 525-0058, Shiga, Japan; (M.K.); (M.Y.); (K.S.)
| | - Kensuke Saito
- Project Department, Takara Bio Inc., Kusatsu-shi 525-0058, Shiga, Japan; (M.K.); (M.Y.); (K.S.)
| | - Kazuhiko Harada
- Department of Health Science, Gunma Paz University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Takasaki-shi 370-0006, Gunma, Japan; (Y.H.); (K.H.); (K.O.); (Y.M.); (K.F.)
- Kurosawa Hospital, Takasaki-shi 370-1203, Gunma, Japan; (S.M.); (I.K.)
| | - Kaori Okayama
- Department of Health Science, Gunma Paz University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Takasaki-shi 370-0006, Gunma, Japan; (Y.H.); (K.H.); (K.O.); (Y.M.); (K.F.)
| | - Yusuke Miura
- Department of Health Science, Gunma Paz University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Takasaki-shi 370-0006, Gunma, Japan; (Y.H.); (K.H.); (K.O.); (Y.M.); (K.F.)
| | - Ryusuke Kimura
- Advanced Medical Science Research Center, Gunma Paz University Research Institute, Shibukawa-shi 377-0008, Gunma, Japan; (R.K.); (T.S.); (K.I.)
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi-shi 371-8514, Gunma, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Shirai
- Advanced Medical Science Research Center, Gunma Paz University Research Institute, Shibukawa-shi 377-0008, Gunma, Japan; (R.K.); (T.S.); (K.I.)
| | - Kiyotaka Fujita
- Department of Health Science, Gunma Paz University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Takasaki-shi 370-0006, Gunma, Japan; (Y.H.); (K.H.); (K.O.); (Y.M.); (K.F.)
| | - Suguru Machida
- Kurosawa Hospital, Takasaki-shi 370-1203, Gunma, Japan; (S.M.); (I.K.)
| | - Kazuto Ito
- Advanced Medical Science Research Center, Gunma Paz University Research Institute, Shibukawa-shi 377-0008, Gunma, Japan; (R.K.); (T.S.); (K.I.)
- Kurosawa Hospital, Takasaki-shi 370-1203, Gunma, Japan; (S.M.); (I.K.)
| | - Isao Kurosawa
- Kurosawa Hospital, Takasaki-shi 370-1203, Gunma, Japan; (S.M.); (I.K.)
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Joshi MS, Sukirti V, Chavan NA, Walimbe AM, Potdar VA, Vipat VC, Lavania M, Gopalkrishna V. Enteric and non-enteric adenoviruses in children with acute gastroenteritis in Western India. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2023:105454. [PMID: 37257799 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2023.105454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are the viral agents responsible for a wide spectrum of acute and chronic diseases. HAdVs are the most important etiological agents of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) and are identified as the major contributor to the deaths of diarrheal children globally. The significant rise in HAdV infections in rotavirus-vaccinated children documented in multiple studies demands continuous monitoring of HAdV strains. After the inclusion of rotavirus vaccines in the immunization schedule of India, public health research regarding prevalence, etiology, and risk factors is highly necessary for evidence-based policies and their implementation to sustain diarrhea prevention programs. In the present study, children admitted for AGE between 2013 and 2016 in seven different hospitals in Maharashtra and Gujrat states of Western India were subjected for investigation. HAdVs were found in 5.2% of the fecal specimens with the dominance of species-F (52.4%) strains, followed by the occurrence of non-enteric adenoviruses of species A (17.4%), C (11.4%), B (8.2%), and D (3.2%). The species-F strains were predominant in Ahmadabad (78.5%), Mumbai (61.5%), and Surat (57.1%) cities, followed by species-A strains. In Pune city, species B strains were detected in all HAdV patients, with none of the species A strains. Clinically, patients infected with enteric and non-enteric HAdV strains were indistinguishable. However, a high viral load was observed in species-F specimens as compared to non-species-F. The present study on fecal specimens collected in the pre-rotavirus vaccination era from hospitalized AGE patients will be important for future comparative analysis to know the exact impact of vaccination in children of Western India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuri S Joshi
- Enteric Viruses Group, ICMR- National Institute of Virology, Pune, India.
| | - Vedula Sukirti
- Enteric Viruses Group, ICMR- National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
| | - Nutan A Chavan
- Enteric Viruses Group, ICMR- National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
| | - Atul M Walimbe
- Enteric Viruses Group, ICMR- National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
| | - Varsha A Potdar
- Enteric Viruses Group, ICMR- National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
| | - Veena C Vipat
- Enteric Viruses Group, ICMR- National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
| | - Mallika Lavania
- Enteric Viruses Group, ICMR- National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
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Khan NU, Shamsullah, Shahidullah, Shah AA, Zaidi SSZ, Chen Z. Epidemiology of Human Adenovirus in Pakistani Children Hospitalized with Community-Acquired Gastroenteritis under the Age of Five Years. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12534. [PMID: 36231834 PMCID: PMC9566016 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Acute gastroenteritis is the major cause of morbidity and mortality among infants and children around the globe. Along with other enteropathogens, human adenovirus (HadV) is a major etiological agent associated with diarrhea in young children. However, information about the epidemiology of Adenoviruses in Pakistan is limited or has not been reported. A total of 1082 stool samples were collected from patients with acute gastroenteritis under the age of five years with symptoms of diarrhea, vomiting, nausea, and abdominal cramps who visited Benazir Bhutto Hospital Rawalpindi and Children's hospital in Lahore of Punjab Province in Pakistan. Of this, 384 cases with no blood in their stool, negative for Rotavirus, and under the age of five years were recruited in this study. Human Adenoviruses were isolated in the human epithelial HEp-2 cell line. Furthermore, adenovirus antigen detection was carried out by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and then all positive and negative samples were confirmed by nested PCR. After inoculating a clear stool supernatant on HEp-2 cell lines, we observed a positive cytopathic effect in 65 (16%) cases. Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, HAdV antigens were detected in 54 (14.06%) of the clear supernatant from gastroenteritis cases. However, HAdV hexon coding regions were amplified in 57 (14.80%) fecal samples, mainly from patients ≤24 months of age. The findings of this study suggest that adenovirus circulates significantly in the children population under the age of five years and may be the potential etiological factor of acute gastroenteritis in the mentioned cities. This study provides baseline data about the possible role of adenovirus in causing viral diarrhea in children. Further large-scale epidemiological surveys are recommended to better understand disease burden, etiological agents, and its clinical impact across the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazif Ullah Khan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Centre for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Shamsullah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Shahidullah
- Khyber Medical College, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Aamer Ali Shah
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | | | - Zhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Centre for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, China
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Montasser KA, Youssef MI, Ghandour AA, Kamal M. Infection with adenovirus, rotavirus, and coinfection among hospitalized children with gastroenteritis in an Egyptian university hospital. J Med Virol 2022; 94:4950-4958. [PMID: 35705322 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Acute gastroenteritis is the main cause of mortality and morbidity in children worldwide. Studies stated that rotavirus and human adenovirus (HAdV) are common causes of nonbacterial gastroenteritis in children aged 0-5 years. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and the distribution of rotavirus, HAdV, and coinfections among hospitalized children with gastroenteritis below 7 years old and determine the prevalence of enteric HAdV among all HAdV gastroenteritis. The study was conducted on 150 children below 7 years old. Antigen detection for rotavirus and HAdV by ELISA and determination of enteric HAdV (serotype 40 and 41) by nested PCR and restriction endonucleases study were performed. Detection of rotavirus and HAdV antigens in 150 stool specimens from patients with gastroenteritis were 58% (87), 6.7% (10), and 8% (12) positive for rotavirus, HAdV, and coinfection, respectively. Out of 22 HAdV antigen-positive cases, 15 cases were positive by PCR for enteric HAdV, with the prevalence rate of enteric HAdV gastroenteritis among all HAdV gastroenteritis cases of 68%, a serotyping study by PCR detected serotype 40 in 46.7% of cases (7/15) and serotype 41 in 53.3% of cases (8/15) with no statistically significant difference between them. The study confirmed that rotavirus and HAdV are prevalent etiological agents of diarrhea in children below the school-age group, highlighting the necessity of the rotavirus vaccine in addition to the obligatory schedule of vaccines in Egypt. Also, it determined that the enteric HAdV gastroenteritis prevalence rate was 68% among all HAdV gastroenteritis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ahmed A Ghandour
- Community, Environmental and Occupational Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mostafa Kamal
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
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Othma AAS, Gomaa HEE, El Anany MG, Abdul Rahman EM, Hassan EM, Abd Elbaky AMNE, Soliman MMS, Awadallah E. Use of multiplex PCR in diagnosis of childhood acute viral diarrhoea caused by rotavirus, norovirus, astrovirus and adenovirus in Upper Egypt. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-022-00261-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Diarrhoea is still a major public health issue in developing countries, and it is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children. We aimed to assess the use of a multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay for the detection of five viruses, including rotavirus, norovirus (genogroups 1 and 2), astrovirus, and adenovirus, responsible for gastroenteritis in children under 5 years old in primary care centres in Upper Egypt.
Subjects and methods
A total of 500 stool samples were collected. Fifty samples were randomly selected for viral examination using multiplex RT-PCR for the detection of rotavirus, norovirus (genogroups 1 and 2), astrovirus, and adenovirus, causing diarrhoea.
Results
Viruses were detected in 45 (90%) of the 50 stool samples. The most frequently identified virus was norovirus G2, followed by Group A rotavirus, astrovirus and adenovirus. Mixed infection by two and three viruses was observed in 7/50 cases (14%) and 2/50 cases (4%), respectively. Norovirus G1 was not detected in the samples examined.
Conclusion
Our study reveals that multiplex PCR allows for the detection of multiple viral targets in only one reaction, rendering the assay easier to perform compared to existing testing methodologies (RT-PCR and electron microscopy). Additionally, most of the viruses were detected in summer, and the highest prevalence was in the age group less than 1 year. Norovirus G2 and rotavirus were the most frequent agents and the most common coinfections responsible for gastroenteritis in children.
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Thwiny HT, Alsalih NJ, Saeed ZF, Al-Yasari AMR, Al-Saadawe MAA, Alsaadawi MAE. Prevalence and seasonal pattern of enteric viruses among hospitalized children with acute gastroenteritis in Samawah, Iraq. J Med Life 2022; 15:52-57. [PMID: 35186136 PMCID: PMC8852632 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2021-0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Almost all of the deaths happening under the age of 5 occur in the developed countries of Africa and Asia. This study included children admitted to the surgical care, aged 6 months to 5 years, who suffered from acute gastroenteritis and received treatment at Samawah, Iraq, from December 2018 to December 2019. Test results detected different types of rotaviruses, adenoviruses, astroviruses using ELISA. 56.6% of the infections were attributed to a viral pathogen. The main cause was attributed to rotavirus and adenovirus. The causative agents of diarrheal diseases in 28.1% of cases are rotaviruses, in 17.05% – adenoviruses, in 11.43% – astroviruses. Viral mono-infections are detected more often than mixed infections. Viral intestinal infections are characterized by seasonality and rise in the cold season, with a peak incidence of rotavirus infection in April, adenovirus infection in November, and astrovirus infection in December.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nawar Jasim Alsalih
- Division of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Al-Muthanna University, Samawah, Iraq
| | - Zeayd Fadhil Saeed
- Nursing Department, Al Furat Al Awsat Technical University, Samawah, Iraq
| | | | | | - Mohenned Abd ElHussein Alsaadawi
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Al-Muthanna University, Samawah, Iraq,Corresponding Author: Mohenned Abd ElHussein Alsaadawi, Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Al-Muthanna University, Samawah, Iraq. E-mail:
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Lynch JP, Kajon AE. Adenovirus: Epidemiology, Global Spread of Novel Types, and Approach to Treatment. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 42:800-821. [PMID: 34918322 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1733802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Adenoviruses (AdVs) are DNA viruses that typically cause mild infections involving the upper or lower respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, or conjunctiva. Rare manifestations of AdV infections include hemorrhagic cystitis, hepatitis, hemorrhagic colitis, pancreatitis, nephritis, or meningoencephalitis. AdV infections are more common in young children, due to lack of humoral immunity. Epidemics of AdV infection may occur in healthy children or adults in closed or crowded settings (particularly military recruits). The vast majority of cases are self-limited. However, the clinical spectrum is broad and fatalities may occur. Dissemination is more likely in patients with impaired immunity (e.g., organ transplant recipients, human immunodeficiency virus infection). Fatality rates for untreated severe AdV pneumonia or disseminated disease may exceed 50%. More than 100 genotypes and 52 serotypes of AdV have been identified and classified into seven species designated HAdV-A through -G. Different types display different tissue tropisms that correlate with clinical manifestations of infection. The predominant types circulating at a given time differ among countries or regions, and change over time. Transmission of novel strains between countries or across continents and replacement of dominant viruses by new strains may occur. Treatment of AdV infections is controversial, as prospective, randomized therapeutic trials have not been done. Cidofovir has been the drug of choice for severe AdV infections, but not all patients require treatment. Live oral vaccines are highly efficacious in reducing the risk of respiratory AdV infection and are in routine use in the military in the United States but currently are not available to civilians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P Lynch
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, The David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Adriana E Kajon
- Infectious Disease Program, Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
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Liu L, Qian Y, Jia L, Dong H, Deng L, Huang H, Zhao L, Zhu R. Genetic diversity and molecular evolution of human adenovirus serotype 41 strains circulating in Beijing, China, during 2010-2019. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2021; 95:105056. [PMID: 34481061 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.105056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Human adenovirus serotype 41 (HAdV-F41) is an important pathogen that causes diarrhea in children. However, the data on its molecular genetic characteristics and evolutionary history are still neither comprehensive nor sufficient. Four capsid protein genes from 58 HAdV-F41-positive specimens taken from diarrheal children in Beijing during 2010-2019 were amplified and analyzed. Variant amino acids in the hexon gene (18 sites) and short fiber gene (4 sites) clustered these strains into two clades and four subclades. The deletion of 15 amino acids found in the gene seemed to have little effect on the genomic strain cluster same as to penton gene. The HAdV-F41 strains had high diversity, as assessed from the intraspecific recombination of hexon, short fiber and long fiber. The molecular evolutionary rate of HAdV-F41's concatenated genes was 4.07 × 10-5 substitutions/site/year, and it diverged from the most recent common ancestor in 1720. Apart from in the penton gene, positive selection codons were predicted in the other three genes, which may play a synergistic role in the evolution of HAdV-F41. These results provide new insights for understanding the characteristics of infectivity and developing vectors and vaccine vehicles for HAdV-F41.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Liu
- Laboratory of Virology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Etiology of Viral Diseases in Children, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, 2 Yabao Road, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Yuan Qian
- Laboratory of Virology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Etiology of Viral Diseases in Children, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, 2 Yabao Road, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Liping Jia
- Laboratory of Virology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Etiology of Viral Diseases in Children, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, 2 Yabao Road, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Huijin Dong
- Laboratory of Virology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Etiology of Viral Diseases in Children, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, 2 Yabao Road, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Li Deng
- Infectious Department, Children's Hospital of Capital Institute of Pediatrics, 2 Yabao Road, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Infectious Department, Children's Hospital of Capital Institute of Pediatrics, 2 Yabao Road, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Linqing Zhao
- Laboratory of Virology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Etiology of Viral Diseases in Children, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, 2 Yabao Road, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Runan Zhu
- Laboratory of Virology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Etiology of Viral Diseases in Children, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, 2 Yabao Road, Beijing 100020, China.
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De Francesco MA, Lorenzin G, Meini A, Schumacher RF, Caruso A. Nonenteric Adenoviruses Associated with Gastroenteritis in Hospitalized Children. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0030021. [PMID: 34319131 PMCID: PMC8552676 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00300-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The object of this study was to investigate the frequency of human adenovirus (HAdV) infections in hospitalized pediatric patients. Stool samples were collected during a 1-year period (February 2018 to January 2019). HAdV was detected by a broad-range PCR and genotyped by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Demographic characteristics and detailed clinical information were analyzed for each patient. HAdV was detected in 7.1% of stool samples (34/476). Among these patients, 23.5% were coinfected with other enteric viral or bacterial pathogens. The majority (85.2%) of HAdV positives were detected in children of <5 years of age. Two HAdV species (B and C) with three types were identified in this study population. HAdV species F was not detected. Genetic analysis shows that the isolates circulating in our region present high diversity and do not exhibit clonal expansion. The presence of nonenteric HAdV in subjects with gastrointestinal symptoms and in immunocompromised patients has already been reported by different studies and underlines the need to develop routine molecular assays that have wide reactivity for most types of adenovirus in order to obtain an optimal tool for their rapid and accurate diagnosis. IMPORTANCE Gastroenteritis is the second leading cause of death among infants and children worldwide. Our study shows that adenovirus types other than 40 and 41 might be related to acute gastroenteritis. Therefore, a novel approach using diagnostic methods able to detect all adenovirus types is desirable in order to overcome the limitations of the current techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Antonia De Francesco
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia–Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lorenzin
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia–Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Antonella Meini
- Pediatrics Clinic, Children’s Hospital, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Richard Fabian Schumacher
- Pediatrics Clinic, Children’s Hospital, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Haemato-Oncology and BMT Unit, Children’s Hospital, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Arnaldo Caruso
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia–Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
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11
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Souza YFVPD, Souza EVD, Azevedo LSD, Medeiros RS, Timenetsky MDCST, Luchs A. Enteric adenovirus epidemiology from historical fecal samples in Brazil (1998-2005): Pre-rotavirus vaccine era. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2021; 94:105007. [PMID: 34293482 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.105007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Human adenovirus (HAdV) is recognized as frequent cause of acute gastroenteritis and enteric viruses can be preserved in frozen stored feces for long periods of times. The purpose of the present study was to investigate enteric HAdV genotypic diversity in archival fecal specimens stored from 1998 to 2005 in order to understand the natural history of HAdV in diarrheal patients in Brazil before rotavirus vaccine introduction. A total of 3346 specimens were tested for HAdV using conventional PCR. Genotypes were identified by sequencing. HAdV was detected in 6.8% (228/3346). Positivity was higher in children ≤ 5 years and males (p < 0.05). HAdV was most frequently observed during winter and spring seasons (p < 0.05). HAdV-F41 was the most prevalent genotype (59.2%;135/228), followed by HAdV-F40 (16.2%;37/228), HAdV-C1 (5.2%;12/228), HAdV-C2 (5.2%;12/228), HAdV-C5 (3.1%;7/228), HAdV-A12 (1.3%;3/228), HAdV-E4 (0.9%;2/228), HAdV-B3 (0.9%;2/228) and HAdV-B21 (0.4%;1/228). In 7.6% (17/228) only species D could be defined. HAdV-E4 strains were phylogenetic analyzed and classified as lineage (a)-like PG II. HAdV prevalence remained stable in Brazilian population, regardless rotavirus vaccine introduction. The predominant HAdV genotypes detected did not change over time, highlighting a high diversity of circulating strains in the country throughout decades. Due to the historical lack of HAdV genotyping surveillance in Brazil, HAdV-E4 epidemiology is virtually unknown in the country. The present study contributed significantly to the understanding of the natural history of HAdV in diarrheal patients in Brazil. The acquired data are important for clinical diagnosis, particularly for studies investigating enteric viruses' prevalence and molecular epidemiology of archival clinical specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ellen Viana de Souza
- Enteric Disease Laboratory, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Adriana Luchs
- Enteric Disease Laboratory, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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12
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Bonura F, Mascarella C, Filizzolo C, Bonura C, Ferraro D, Di Bernardo F, Collura A, Martella V, Giammanco GM, De Grazia S. Evaluation of the diagnostic performances of two commercially available assays for the detection of enteric adenovirus antigens. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2021; 101:115459. [PMID: 34280672 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2021.115459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The performance of 2 antigenic commercial assays for enteric adenovirus (AdV) infection, bioNexia Rota-Adeno ImmunoChromatographic Tests (ICT) and LIAISON® Adenovirus ChemiLuminescence Immuno Assays (CLIA), was evaluated on 321 stools from children hospitalized for acute gastroenteritis in Palermo, Italy, using a Real time-PCR (Rt-PCR) as reference method. The CLIA showed higher sensitivity (77% vs 60%), accuracy (94.4 vs 90.9) and concordance (k: 0.81 vs 0.67) with respect to ICT, despite equivalent specificity (98.8%). Using the Ct values of the Rt-PCR as a proxy of the fecal viral load, similar Ct values (mean 9.32 vs 9.89) were observed among the true positive samples, whilst a significant difference (P < 0.05) was observed in false negative samples of CLIA (mean Ct 25.68) and ICT (mean Ct 19.87). Cross-reactivity with other enteric viruses was not observed. These results indicate that both the assays tested are suitable for diagnosis of AdV gastroenteritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floriana Bonura
- Dipartimento di Scienze per la Promozione della Salute e Materno Infantile "G. D'Alessandro", Palermo, Italy
| | - Chiara Mascarella
- Dipartimento di Scienze per la Promozione della Salute e Materno Infantile "G. D'Alessandro", Palermo, Italy
| | - Chiara Filizzolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze per la Promozione della Salute e Materno Infantile "G. D'Alessandro", Palermo, Italy
| | - Celestino Bonura
- Dipartimento di Scienze per la Promozione della Salute e Materno Infantile "G. D'Alessandro", Palermo, Italy
| | - Donatella Ferraro
- Dipartimento di Scienze per la Promozione della Salute e Materno Infantile "G. D'Alessandro", Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesca Di Bernardo
- Unità Operativa di Microbiologia e Virologia, Ospedale Civico e Di Cristina, ARNAS, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonella Collura
- Unità Operativa di Microbiologia e Virologia, Ospedale Civico e Di Cristina, ARNAS, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vito Martella
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università Aldo Moro di Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Giovanni M Giammanco
- Dipartimento di Scienze per la Promozione della Salute e Materno Infantile "G. D'Alessandro", Palermo, Italy
| | - Simona De Grazia
- Dipartimento di Scienze per la Promozione della Salute e Materno Infantile "G. D'Alessandro", Palermo, Italy.
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13
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Souza EVD, de Souza YFVP, Medeiros RS, de Azevedo LS, de Queiroz TGA, Sanz-Duro RL, Marinho RDSS, Komninakis SV, Timenetsky MDCST, Luchs A. Diversity of enteric and non-enteric human adenovirus strains in Brazil, 2006-2011. Arch Virol 2021; 166:897-903. [PMID: 33459882 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04946-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
During 2006-2011, 5035 fecal samples were tested by PCR for human adenovirus (HAdV) and sequenced. HAdV was detected in 198 cases (3.9%), with the highest rate in children ≤ 5 years. Enteric HAdVs were the most prevalent genotypes (78%; 146/187): HAdV-F41 (63.6%; 119/187), HAdV-F40 (12.3%; 23/187), HAdV-A12 (1.6%; 3/187) and HAdV-A31 (0.5%; 1/187). Non-enteric HAdVs were detected in 22% (41/187): HAdV-C1 (8.0%; 15/187), HAdV-C2 (6.9%; 13/187), HAdV-C5 (4.3%; 8/187), HAdV-D8 (1.3%; 2/187), HAdV-B21 (0.5%; 1/187), HAdV-B3 (0.5%; 1/187) and HAdV-C6 (0.5%; 1/187). This 6-year retrospective study points out a high diversity of HAdV types circulating in Brazil and highlights the need to carry out molecular epidemiological studies of HAdV among patients with acute diarrheal infection on a regular basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Viana de Souza
- Enteric Disease Laboratory, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Av. Dr Arnaldo, nº 355, São Paulo, SP, 01246-902, Brazil
| | | | - Roberta Salzone Medeiros
- Enteric Disease Laboratory, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Av. Dr Arnaldo, nº 355, São Paulo, SP, 01246-902, Brazil
| | - Lais Sampaio de Azevedo
- Enteric Disease Laboratory, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Av. Dr Arnaldo, nº 355, São Paulo, SP, 01246-902, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Shirley Vasconcelos Komninakis
- Retrovirology Laboratory, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Faculty of Medicine of ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | | | - Adriana Luchs
- Enteric Disease Laboratory, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Av. Dr Arnaldo, nº 355, São Paulo, SP, 01246-902, Brazil.
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14
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Machado RS, de Sousa IP, Monteiro JC, Ferreira JL, Dos Santos Alves JC, Tavares FN. Detection and identification of enteroviruses circulating in children with acute gastroenteritis in Pará State, Northern Brazil (2010-2011). Virol J 2020; 17:156. [PMID: 33066782 PMCID: PMC7565352 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-020-01431-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Although acute gastroenteritis (AGE) has been reported as a common infectious disease in children, there is scarce information about enterovirus (EV) circulating associated with AGE cases in Brazil. The purpose of the present study was to identify and characterize the enteroviruses associated with AGE in children in Belém, Brazil. A total of 175 stool samples were obtained from children hospitalized revealing the presence of EV in 26.3% (46/175) of infections. EV type was identified in 78.3% (36/46) and EV-B species (61.1%; 22/36) was the most prevalent EV-detected followed by EV-C (25%; 9/36) and EV-A (13.9%; 5/36). This study has provided important information about the enterovirus circulation in Pará state, Northern Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raiana Scerni Machado
- Laboratório de Referência Regional em Enteroviroses, Seção de Virologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, Pará, Brasil.,Laboratório de Enterovírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Ivanildo Pedro de Sousa
- Laboratório de Enterovírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Jacqueline Cortinhas Monteiro
- Laboratório de Referência Regional em Enteroviroses, Seção de Virologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, Pará, Brasil.,Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Ciência Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brasil
| | - James Lima Ferreira
- Laboratório de Referência Regional em Enteroviroses, Seção de Virologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, Pará, Brasil
| | | | - Fernando Neto Tavares
- Laboratório de Referência Regional em Enteroviroses, Seção de Virologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, Pará, Brasil.
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15
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Tahmasebi R, Luchs A, Tardy K, Hefford PM, Tinker RJ, Eilami O, de Padua Milagres FA, Brustulin R, Teles MDAR, Dos Santos Morais V, Moreira CHV, Buccheri R, Araújo ELL, Villanova F, Deng X, Sabino EC, Delwart E, Leal É, Charlys da Costa A. Viral gastroenteritis in Tocantins, Brazil: characterizing the diversity of human adenovirus F through next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics. J Gen Virol 2020; 101:1280-1288. [PMID: 33044150 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human enteric adenovirus species F (HAdV-F) is one of the most common pathogens responsible for acute gastroenteritis worldwide. Brazil is a country with continental dimensions where continuous multiregional surveillance is vital to establish a more complete picture of the epidemiology of HAdV-F. The aim of the current study was to investigate the molecular epidemiology of HAdV-F using full-genome data in rural and low-income urban areas in northern Brazil. This will allow a genetic comparison between Brazilian and global HAdV-F strains. The frequency of HAdV-F infections in patients with gastroenteritis and molecular typing of positive samples within this period was also analysed. A total of 251 stool samples collected between 2010 and 2016 from patients with acute gastroenteritis were screened for HAdV-F using next-generation sequencing techniques. HAdV-F infection was detected in 57.8 % (145/251) of samples. A total of 137 positive samples belonged to HAdV-F41 and 7 to HAdV-F40. HAdV-F40/41 dual infection was found in one sample. Detection rates did not vary significantly according to the year. Single HAdV-F infections were detected in 21.9 % (55/251) of samples and mixed infections in 37.4 % (94/251), with RVA/HAdV-F being the most frequent association (21.5 %; 54/251). Genetic analysis indicated that the HAdV-F strains circulating in Brazil were closely related to worldwide strains, and the existence of some temporal order was not observed. This is the first large-scale HAdV-F study in Brazil in which whole-genome data and DNA sequence analyses were used to characterize HAdV-F strains. Expanding the viral genome database could improve overall genotyping success and assist the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)/GenBank in standardizing the HAdV genome records by providing a large set of annotated HAdV-F genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roozbeh Tahmasebi
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Polytechnic School of University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana Luchs
- Enteric Disease Laboratory, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kaelan Tardy
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Rory J Tinker
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Owrang Eilami
- School of Medicine Social, Determinants of Health Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Flavio Augusto de Padua Milagres
- Public Health Laboratory of Tocantins State (LACEN/TO), Tocantins, Brazil.,Secretary of Health of Tocantins, Tocantins, Brazil.,Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Tocantins, Tocantins, Brazil
| | - Rafael Brustulin
- Public Health Laboratory of Tocantins State (LACEN/TO), Tocantins, Brazil.,Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Tocantins, Tocantins, Brazil.,Secretary of Health of Tocantins, Tocantins, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Renata Buccheri
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Emerson Luiz Lima Araújo
- General Coordination of Public Health Laboratories of the Strategic Articulation Department of the Health Surveillance Secretariat of the Ministry of Health (CGLAB/DAEVS/SVS-MS), Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Fabiola Villanova
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para, Para, Brazil
| | - Xutao Deng
- Department Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ester Cerdeira Sabino
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Polytechnic School of University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eric Delwart
- Department Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Élcio Leal
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para, Para, Brazil
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16
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Enteric Viral Co-Infections: Pathogenesis and Perspective. Viruses 2020; 12:v12080904. [PMID: 32824880 PMCID: PMC7472086 DOI: 10.3390/v12080904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Enteric viral co-infections, infections involving more than one virus, have been reported for a diverse group of etiological agents, including rotavirus, norovirus, astrovirus, adenovirus, and enteroviruses. These pathogens are causative agents for acute gastroenteritis and diarrheal disease in immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals of all ages globally. Despite virus–virus co-infection events in the intestine being increasingly detected, little is known about their impact on disease outcomes or human health. Here, we review what is currently known about the clinical prevalence of virus–virus co-infections and how co-infections may influence vaccine responses. While experimental investigations into enteric virus co-infections have been limited, we highlight in vivo and in vitro models with exciting potential to investigate viral co-infections. Many features of virus–virus co-infection mechanisms in the intestine remain unclear, and further research will be critical.
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17
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Tahmasebi R, da Costa AC, Tardy K, J. Tinker R, de Padua Milagres FA, Brustulin R, Rodrigues Teles MDA, Togisaki das Chagas R, de Deus Alves Soares CV, Sakurada Aranha Watanabe A, Salete Alencar C, Villanova F, Deng X, Delwart E, Luchs A, Leal É, Cerdeira Sabino E. Genomic Analyses of Potential Novel Recombinant Human Adenovirus C in Brazil. Viruses 2020; 12:v12050508. [PMID: 32375411 PMCID: PMC7290489 DOI: 10.3390/v12050508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Adenovirus species C (HAdV-C) is the most common etiologic agent of respiratory disease. In the present study, we characterized the nearly full-length genome of one potential new HAdV-C recombinant strain constituted by Penton and Fiber proteins belonging to type 89 and a chimeric Hexon protein of types 1 and 89. By using viral metagenomics techniques, we screened out, in the states of Tocantins and Pará, Northern and North regions of Brazil, from 2010 to 2016, 251 fecal samples of children between 0.5 to 2.5 years old. These children were presenting acute diarrhea not associated with common pathogens (i.e., rotavirus, norovirus). We identified two HAdV-C strains in two distinct patients. Phylogenetic analysis performed using all complete genomes available at GenBank database indicated that one strain (HAdV-C BR-245) belonged to type 1. The phylogenetic analysis also indicated that the second strain (HAdV-C BR-211) was located at the base of the clade formed by the newly HAdV-C strains type 89. Recombination analysis revealed that strain HAdV-C BR-211 is a chimera in which the variable regions of Hexon gene combined HAdV-C1 and HAdV-C89 sequences. Therefore, HAdV-C BR-211 strain possesses a genomic backbone of type HAdV-C89 and a unique insertion of HAdV-C1 in the Hexon sequence. Recombination may play an important driving force in HAdV-C diversity and evolution. Studies employing complete genomic sequencing on circulating HAdV-C strains in Brazil are needed to understand the clinical significance of the presented data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roozbeh Tahmasebi
- Polytechnic School of University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-903, Brazil;
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-903, Brazil;
- Correspondence: (R.T.); (A.C.d.C.); (É.L.)
| | - Antonio Charlys da Costa
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-903, Brazil;
- Correspondence: (R.T.); (A.C.d.C.); (É.L.)
| | - Kaelan Tardy
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-903, Brazil;
| | - Rory J. Tinker
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;
| | - Flavio Augusto de Padua Milagres
- LIM/46, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-903, Brazil; (F.A.d.P.M.); (R.B.)
- Secretary of Health of Tocantins, Tocantins 77453-000, Brazil; (M.d.A.R.T.); (R.T.d.C.); (C.V.d.D.A.S.)
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Tocantins, Tocantins 77001-090, Brazil
- Public Health Laboratory of Tocantins State (LACEN/TO), Tocantins 77016-330, Brazil
| | - Rafael Brustulin
- LIM/46, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-903, Brazil; (F.A.d.P.M.); (R.B.)
- Secretary of Health of Tocantins, Tocantins 77453-000, Brazil; (M.d.A.R.T.); (R.T.d.C.); (C.V.d.D.A.S.)
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Tocantins, Tocantins 77001-090, Brazil
| | - Maria da Aparecida Rodrigues Teles
- Secretary of Health of Tocantins, Tocantins 77453-000, Brazil; (M.d.A.R.T.); (R.T.d.C.); (C.V.d.D.A.S.)
- Public Health Laboratory of Tocantins State (LACEN/TO), Tocantins 77016-330, Brazil
| | - Rogério Togisaki das Chagas
- Secretary of Health of Tocantins, Tocantins 77453-000, Brazil; (M.d.A.R.T.); (R.T.d.C.); (C.V.d.D.A.S.)
- Public Health Laboratory of Tocantins State (LACEN/TO), Tocantins 77016-330, Brazil
| | - Cassia Vitória de Deus Alves Soares
- Secretary of Health of Tocantins, Tocantins 77453-000, Brazil; (M.d.A.R.T.); (R.T.d.C.); (C.V.d.D.A.S.)
- Public Health Laboratory of Tocantins State (LACEN/TO), Tocantins 77016-330, Brazil
| | | | - Cecilia Salete Alencar
- Central Laboratory Division-DLC-HCSP, Clinical Laboratory and LIM 03-Department of Pathology, Clinical Hospital, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo 01246-000, Brazil;
| | - Fabiola Villanova
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para, Para 66075-000, Brazil;
| | - Xutao Deng
- Vitalant Research Institute, 270 Masonic Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94118-4417, USA; (X.D.); (E.D.)
- Department Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Eric Delwart
- Vitalant Research Institute, 270 Masonic Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94118-4417, USA; (X.D.); (E.D.)
- Department Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Adriana Luchs
- Enteric Disease Laboratory, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo 01246-000, Brazil;
| | - Élcio Leal
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para, Para 66075-000, Brazil;
- Correspondence: (R.T.); (A.C.d.C.); (É.L.)
| | - Ester Cerdeira Sabino
- Polytechnic School of University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-903, Brazil;
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-903, Brazil;
- LIM/46, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-903, Brazil; (F.A.d.P.M.); (R.B.)
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18
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Kumthip K, Khamrin P, Ushijima H, Maneekarn N. Enteric and non-enteric adenoviruses associated with acute gastroenteritis in pediatric patients in Thailand, 2011 to 2017. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220263. [PMID: 31369615 PMCID: PMC6675392 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Human adenovirus (HAdV) is known to be a common cause of diarrhea in children worldwide. Infection with adenovirus is responsible for 2–10% of diarrheic cases. To increase a better understanding of the prevalence and epidemiology of HAdV infection, a large scale and long-term study was needed. We implemented a multi-year molecular detection and characterization study of HAdV in association with acute gastroenteritis in Chiang Mai, Thailand from 2011 to 2017. Out of 2,312 patients, HAdV was detected in 165 cases (7.2%). The positive rate for HAdV infection was highest in children of 1 and 2 years of age compared to other age groups. HAdV subgroup C (40.6%) was the most prevalent, followed by subgroups F (28.5%), B (20.6%), A and D (4.8% each), and E (0.6%). Of these, HAdV-F41 (22.4%), HAdV-C2 (18.2%), HAdV-B3 (15.2%), and HAdV-C1 (13.3%) were the most common genotypes detected. HAdV infection occurred throughout the year with a higher detection rate between May and July. In conclusion, our study demonstrated the infection rate, seasonal distribution and genotype diversity of HAdV infection in children with diarrhea in Chiang Mai, Thailand over a period of 7 year. Not only enteric adenovirus (F40 and F41) but also non-enteric adenovirus (B3, C1, C2) may play an important role in gastroenteritis in this area. The information will be beneficial for the prevention and control of HAdV outbreaks in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kattareeya Kumthip
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Emerging and Re-emerging Diarrheal Viruses, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pattara Khamrin
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Emerging and Re-emerging Diarrheal Viruses, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Hiroshi Ushijima
- Department of Developmental Medical Sciences, School of International Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Niwat Maneekarn
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Emerging and Re-emerging Diarrheal Viruses, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- * E-mail:
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Primo D, Pacheco GT, Timenetsky MDCST, Luchs A. Surveillance and molecular characterization of human adenovirus in patients with acute gastroenteritis in the era of rotavirus vaccine, Brazil, 2012–2017. J Clin Virol 2018; 109:35-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Melgaço FG, Corrêa AA, Ganime AC, Brandão MLL, Medeiros VDM, Rosas CDO, Lopes SMDR, Miagostovich MP. Evaluation of skimmed milk flocculation method for virus recovery from tomatoes. Braz J Microbiol 2018; 49 Suppl 1:34-39. [PMID: 30166268 PMCID: PMC6328929 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2018.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the elution-concentration methodology based on skimmed milk flocculation from three varieties of tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L. [globe], Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme [cherry] and hybrid cocktail [grape tomato]) for further monitoring of field samples. Spiking experiments were performed to determine the success rate and efficiency recovery of human norovirus (NoV) genogroup II, norovirus murine-1 (MNV-1) used as sample process control virus and human adenovirus (HAdV). Mean values of 18.8%, 2.8% and 44.0% were observed for NoV GII, MNV-1 and HAdV, respectively with differences according to the types of tomatoes, with lower efficiency for cherry tomatoes. Analysis of 90 samples, obtained at commercial establishments in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro State, revealed 4.5% positivity for HAdV. Bacterial analysis was also performed with no detection of Salmonella spp., L. monocytogenes and fecal coliforms. Data demonstrated that the skimmed milk flocculation method is suitable for recovering HAdV from tomatoes and highlights the need for considering investigation in order to improve food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Gil Melgaço
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz, Laboratório de Virologia Comparativa e Ambiental, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | | | - Ana Carolina Ganime
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz, Laboratório de Virologia Comparativa e Ambiental, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Luiz Lima Brandão
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz, Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde, Departamento de Imunologia, Laboratório de Vacinas Virais, Biofarmacêuticos e Cultura Celular, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Valéria de Mello Medeiros
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz, Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde, Departamento de Microbiologia, Setor de Alimentos, Laboratório de Alimentos e Saneantes, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carla de Oliveira Rosas
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz, Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde, Departamento de Microbiologia, Setor de Alimentos, Laboratório de Alimentos e Saneantes, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Silvia Maria Dos Reis Lopes
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz, Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde, Departamento de Microbiologia, Setor de Alimentos, Laboratório de Alimentos e Saneantes, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marize Pereira Miagostovich
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz, Laboratório de Virologia Comparativa e Ambiental, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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21
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Qiu FZ, Shen XX, Li GX, Zhao L, Chen C, Duan SX, Guo JY, Zhao MC, Yan TF, Qi JJ, Wang L, Feng ZS, Ma XJ. Adenovirus associated with acute diarrhea: a case-control study. BMC Infect Dis 2018; 18:450. [PMID: 30176819 PMCID: PMC6122197 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-3340-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diarrhea is a major source of morbidity and mortality among young children in low-income and middle-income countries. Human adenoviruses (HAdV), particular HAdV species F (40, 41) has been recognized as important causal pathogens, however limited data exist on molecular epidemiology of other HAdV associated with acute gastroenteritis. Methods In the present preliminary study, we performed a case-control study involving 273 children who presented diarrheal disease and 361 healthy children matched control in Children’s hospital of Hebei Province (China) to investigate the relationship between non-enteric HAdV and diarrhea. HAdV were detected and quantified using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and serotyped by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Odds ratio (OR) was used to assess the risk factor of HAdV. Results HAdV were detected in 79 (28.94%) of 273 children with diarrhea including 7 different serotypes (HAdV 40, 41, 3, 2,1,5 and 57) with serotypes 40, 41 and 3 being the most dominant and in 26 (7.20%) of 361 healthy children containing 9 serotypes (HAdV 40, 41, 3, 2,1,5,57,6 and 31). A majority (91.14%) of HAdV positives occurred in diarrhea children and 65.38% in controls< 3 years of age. No significant difference in the viral load was found between case and control groups or between Ad41-positive patients and healthy controls. In addition to HAdV 40 and 41, HAdV 3 was also associated with diarrhea (OR = 17.301, adjusted OR = 9.205, p < 0.001). Conclusions Our results demonstrate a high diversity of HAdV present among diarrhea and healthy children and implicate that non-enteric HAdV3 may lead to diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Zhou Qiu
- Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050031, Hebei, China.,Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155 Changbai Street, Chang ping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xin-Xin Shen
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155 Changbai Street, Chang ping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Gui-Xia Li
- Children's Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050031, Hebei, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050031, Hebei, China.,Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155 Changbai Street, Chang ping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155 Changbai Street, Chang ping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Su-Xia Duan
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155 Changbai Street, Chang ping District, Beijing, 102206, China.,Children's Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050031, Hebei, China
| | - Jing-Yun Guo
- Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050031, Hebei, China
| | - Meng-Chuan Zhao
- Children's Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050031, Hebei, China
| | - Teng-Fei Yan
- Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050031, Hebei, China.,Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155 Changbai Street, Chang ping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Ju-Ju Qi
- Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050031, Hebei, China.,Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155 Changbai Street, Chang ping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Le Wang
- Children's Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050031, Hebei, China
| | - Zhi-Shan Feng
- Children's Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050031, Hebei, China.
| | - Xue-Jun Ma
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155 Changbai Street, Chang ping District, Beijing, 102206, China.
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22
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Ibrahim C, Hassen A, Pothier P, Mejri S, Hammami S. Molecular detection and genotypic characterization of enteric adenoviruses in a hospital wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:10977-10987. [PMID: 29404949 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1399-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Hospital wastewater (HWW) represents a major source of the diffusion of many antibiotics and some toxic pathogenic microorganisms in the aquatic environment. Sanitation services play a critical role in controlling transmission of numerous waterborne pathogens, especially enteric human adenoviruses (HAdVs) that can cause acute gastroenteritis. This study intended to evaluate the human adenoviruses (HAdVs) detection rates, to determine the genotype of these viruses and to assess the efficiency of HAdVs removal in hospital pilot wastewater treatment plant (PWWTP) in Tunis City, Tunisia. Therefore, hospital wastewater samples (n = 102) were collected during the study year from the two biological wastewater treatment techniques: natural oxidizing ponds and the rotating biological disks or biodisks. Nested polymerase chain reaction (Nested PCR) was used to evaluate the HAdVs detection rates. The genotype of HAdVs positive samples was achieved by the sequencing of the PCR products. HAdVs were detected in 64% (65/102) of positive wastewater samples. A substantial increase in the frequencies of HAdVs was observed at the exit of the two wastewater treatment techniques studied. The typing of HAdVs species F showed the occurrence of only HAdVs type 41. This data acquired for the first time in Tunisia showed high persistence and survival of HAdVs in the two biological wastewater treatment techniques experienced, and mainly highlighted the poor virological quality of the treated wastewater intended for recycling, agriculture reuse, and discharges into the natural receiving environments. Consequently, tertiary wastewater treatment appeared necessary in this case to decrease the load of enteric viruses flowing in the water environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chourouk Ibrahim
- Faculty of Mathematical, Physical and Natural Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia.
- Laboratory of Treatment and Wastewater Valorization, Centre of Research and Water Technologies (CERTE), 8020, Techno Park of Borj-Cédria, Tunisia.
| | - Abdennaceur Hassen
- Laboratory of Treatment and Wastewater Valorization, Centre of Research and Water Technologies (CERTE), 8020, Techno Park of Borj-Cédria, Tunisia
| | - Pierre Pothier
- Laboratory of Virology, National Reference Centre for Enteric Viruses, University Hospital of Dijon, 21070, Dijon, France
| | - Selma Mejri
- Laboratory of Virology, University of Tunis El Manar, IRESA, Veterinary Research Institute of Tunisia, 1006, La Rabta, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Salah Hammami
- Laboratory of Microbiology, University of Manouba, IRESA, National School of Veterinary Medicine at Sidi Thabet, 2020, Tunis, Tunisia
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Girardi V, Demoliner M, Rigotto C, Schneider VE, Paesi S, Spilki FR. Assessment of diversity of adenovirus DNA polymerase gene in recreational waters facilitated by ultracentrifugal concentration. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2018; 16:102-111. [PMID: 29424724 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2017.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Adenoviruses (AdV) are related to respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases in animals and human beings. Their wide genetic diversity in water bodies and their resistance to environmental conditions allow the use of AdV as a reliable marker for detection of fecal contamination. In this work, the diversity of AdV along Belo Stream - in the city of Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil - was evaluated. Samples were compared in both concentrated and unconcentrated forms. The identification of different AdV species was performed by amplifying a partial sequence of the DNA polymerase gene. AdV was detected in 24 out of 55 concentrated samples (43.6%) and the following species were identified: human adenovirus (HAdV) species C (4/55; 7.2%), D (6/55; 10.9%), E (2/55; 3.6%), and F (9/55; 16.3%). AdV related to other mammalian hosts, such as bovine adenovirus (1/55, 1.8%) and murine adenovirus (2/55, 3.6%), have also been identified; 23.6% (13/55) of the unconcentrated samples were positive, and identified as HAdV species C (6/55, 10.9%), D (1/55, 1.8%), and F (6/55, 10.9%). Results obtained evidenced the presence and the great diversity of AdV, mainly of human origin, circulating in Belo Stream. As expected, the concentration step performed helped to detect AdV in more samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Girardi
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, ERS 239 n° 2755, Novo Hamburgo, RS 93352-000, Brasil E-mail:
| | - Meriane Demoliner
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, ERS 239 n° 2755, Novo Hamburgo, RS 93352-000, Brasil E-mail:
| | - Caroline Rigotto
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, ERS 239 n° 2755, Novo Hamburgo, RS 93352-000, Brasil E-mail:
| | - Vania Elisabete Schneider
- Instituto de Saneamento Ambiental (ISAM), Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Rua Francisco Getúlio Vargas, n° 1130, Caxias do Sul, RS 95070-560, Brasil
| | - Suelen Paesi
- Laboratório de Diagnóstico Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Rua Francisco Getúlio Vargas, n° 1130, Caxias do Sul, RS 95070-560, Brasil
| | - Fernando Rosado Spilki
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, ERS 239 n° 2755, Novo Hamburgo, RS 93352-000, Brasil E-mail:
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Afrad MH, Avzun T, Haque J, Haque W, Hossain ME, Rahman AR, Ahmed S, Faruque ASG, Rahman MZ, Rahman M. Detection of enteric- and non-enteric adenoviruses in gastroenteritis patients, Bangladesh, 2012-2015. J Med Virol 2018; 90:677-684. [PMID: 29244212 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are common cause of nonbacterial acute gastroenteritis worldwide. Limited data exist on HAdVs molecular epidemiology associated with acute gastroenteritis in Bangladesh. We describe the genetic diversity and epidemiology of HAdVs among hospitalized diarrhea patients, including HAdV genotypes, clinical symptoms, and co-infecting enteric pathogens. Stool samples were collected from ongoing diarrhea surveillance during 2012-2015. HAdV was detected using PCR and genotyped by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Detailed socio-demographic and clinical information regarding each individual was recorded such as duration of diarrhea, dehydration status, vomiting, abdominal pain, fever, and severity. Of 871 fecal specimens, HAdV DNA was detected in 93 (10.7%). Among them 56% were co-infected with other known enteric viral and bacterial pathogens and 31.6% had severe gastroenteritis. The majority (55%) of HAdV positives were children <5 years of age. Two main clinical symptoms in HAdV infected patients were diarrhea and vomiting. HAdVs were detected throughout the year with low prevalence in winter (November-January). Five HAdV species (A, B, C, D, and F) including 17 different genotypes were identified during the study period, with enteric HAdV species F (HAdV-40/41) being the most dominant. However, non-enteric HAdV were also detected in substantial proportion of specimens (15% species C, 15% species D, 10.8% species A, and 4.3% species B). Our study demonstrates high genetic diversity of HAdVs including enteric and non-enteric HAdVs among diarrhea patients and provides a foundation for further clarification of the role of non-enteric HAdVs in diarrheal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mokibul Hassan Afrad
- Virology Laboratory, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tasnuva Avzun
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Jahurul Haque
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
| | - Warda Haque
- Virology Laboratory, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Enayet Hossain
- Virology Laboratory, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Afm Rajibur Rahman
- Virology Laboratory, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shahnawaz Ahmed
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Syed Golam Faruque
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammed Ziaur Rahman
- Virology Laboratory, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mustafizur Rahman
- Virology Laboratory, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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25
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Evolution in fecal bacterial/viral composition in infants of two central African countries (Gabon and Republic of the Congo) during their first month of life. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185569. [PMID: 28968427 PMCID: PMC5624699 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Few studies have analyzed the gut microbiota of child in unindustrialized countries, but none during the first month of life. Stool samples were collected from healthy newborns in hospitals of Gabon (n = 6) and Republic of the Congo (n = 9) at different time points during the first month of life: meconium, day 2 (D02), day 7 (D07) and day 28 (D28). In addition, one fecal sample was collected from each mother after delivery. Metagenomic sequencing was performed to determine the bacterial communities, and multiplex real-time PCR was used to detect the presence of seven enteric viruses (rotavirus a, adenovirus, norovirus I and II, sapovirus, astrovirus, enterovirus) in these samples. Bacterial diversity was high in the first days of life, and was dominated by the genus Prevotella. Then, it rapidly decreased and remained low up to D28 when the gut flora was composed almost exclusively of strictly anaerobic bacteria. Each infant’s fecal bacterial microbiota composition was significantly closer to that of their mother than to that of any other woman in the mothers’ group, suggesting an intrauterine, placental or amniotic fluid origin of such bacteria. Moreover, bacterial communities differed according to the delivery mode. Overall, the bacterial microbiota communities displayed a similar diversification and expansion in newborns within and between countries during the first four weeks of life. Moreover, six of the fifteen infants of this study harbored enteric viruses (rotavirus, enterovirus and adenovirus) in fecal samples, but never in the meconium. A maternal source for the viruses detected at D02 and D07 can be excluded because none of them was found also in the child’s mother. These findings improve our knowledge on the gut bacterial and viral communities of infants from two Sub-Saharan countries during their first month of life.
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Li P, Yang L, Guo J, Zou W, Xu X, Yang X, Du X, Qiu S, Song H. Circulation of HAdV-41 with diverse genome types and recombination in acute gastroenteritis among children in Shanghai. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3548. [PMID: 28615624 PMCID: PMC5471248 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01293-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human adenovirus F (HAdV-F) is one of the major causative species detected in acute gastroenteritis in children worldwide. HAdV-F is composed of serotypes 40 and 41. Most studies have reported the prevalence of HAdV-41 and focused on its epidemiologic characteristics. In this study, seventeen samples were identified as HAdV-41 out of 273 fecal specimens from children with acute diarrhea in Shanghai. Five isolates were isolated and subjected to whole genome sequencing and analysis to characterize the genetic variation and evolution. Full genome analysis revealed low genetic variation (99.07-99.92% identity) among the isolates, and InDels are observed in the E2A gene and the hexon gene compared to the reference strain NIVD103. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all isolates mainly formed two genome-type clusters but with incongruence in the trees of whole genomes and individual genes. The recombination breakpoints of the five isolates were inferred by the Recombination Detection Program (RDP) and varied in the number and location of the recombination events, indicating different evolution origins. Overall, our study highlights the genetic diversity of HAdV-41 isolates circulating in Shanghai, which may have evolved from inter-strain recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Lang Yang
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Jiayin Guo
- Shanghai Changning District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200051, China
| | - Wenwei Zou
- Shanghai Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200136, China
| | - Xuebin Xu
- Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200236, China
| | - Xiaoxia Yang
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Xinying Du
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Shaofu Qiu
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100071, China.
| | - Hongbin Song
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100071, China.
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Lynch JP, Kajon AE. Adenovirus: Epidemiology, Global Spread of Novel Serotypes, and Advances in Treatment and Prevention. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2016; 37:586-602. [PMID: 27486739 PMCID: PMC7171713 DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1584923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Adenoviruses (AdVs) are DNA viruses that typically cause mild infections involving the upper or lower respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, or conjunctiva. Rare manifestations of AdV infections include hemorrhagic cystitis, hepatitis, hemorrhagic colitis, pancreatitis, nephritis, or meningoencephalitis. AdV infections are more common in young children, due to lack of humoral immunity. Epidemics of AdV infection may occur in healthy children or adults in closed or crowded settings (particularly military recruits). The disease is more severe and dissemination is more likely in patients with impaired immunity (e.g., organ transplant recipients, human immunodeficiency virus infection). Fatality rates for untreated severe AdV pneumonia or disseminated disease may exceed 50%. More than 50 serotypes of AdV have been identified. Different serotypes display different tissue tropisms that correlate with clinical manifestations of infection. The predominant serotypes circulating at a given time differ among countries or regions, and change over time. Transmission of novel strains between countries or across continents and replacement of dominant viruses by new strains may occur. Treatment of AdV infections is controversial, as prospective, randomized therapeutic trials have not been conducted. Cidofovir is the drug of choice for severe AdV infections, but not all patients require treatment. Live oral vaccines are highly efficacious in reducing the risk of respiratory AdV infection and are in routine use in the military in the United States, but currently are not available to civilians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P Lynch
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, The David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Adriana E Kajon
- Department of Infectious Disease, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
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28
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Reis TAV, Assis ASF, do Valle DA, Barletta VH, de Carvalho IP, Rose TL, Portes SAR, Leite JPG, da Rosa e Silva ML. The role of human adenoviruses type 41 in acute diarrheal disease in Minas Gerais after rotavirus vaccination. Braz J Microbiol 2016; 47:243-50. [PMID: 26887251 PMCID: PMC4822746 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Human adenovirus species F (HAdV-F) type 40 and 41 are commonly associated with acute diarrheal disease (ADD) across the world. Despite being the largest state in southeastern Brazil and having the second largest number of inhabitants, there is no information in the State of Minas Gerais regarding the role of HAdV-F in the etiology of ADD. This study was performed to determine the prevalence, to verify the epidemiological aspects of infection, and to characterize the strains of human adenoviruses (HAdV) detected. A total of 377 diarrheal fecal samples were obtained between January 2007 and August 2011 from inpatient and outpatient children of age ranging from 0 to 12 years. All samples were previously tested for rotavirus, norovirus, and astrovirus, and 314 of 377 were negative. The viral DNA was extracted, amplified using the polymerase chain reaction and the HAdV-positive samples were sequenced and phylogenetically analyzed. Statistical analyses were performed using the Chi-square test (p < 0.05), considering two conditions: the total of samples tested (377) and the total of negative samples for the remaining viruses tested (314). The overall prevalence of HAdV was 12.47% (47/377); and in 76.60% (36/47) of the positive samples, this virus was the only infectious agent detected. The phylogenetic analysis of partial sequences of 32 positive samples revealed that they all clustered with the HAdV-F type 41. The statistical analysis showed that there was no correlation between the onset of the HAdV infection and the origin of the samples (inpatients or outpatients) in the two conditions tested: the total of samples tested (p = 0.598) and the total of negative samples for the remaining viruses tested (p = 0.614). There was a significant association in the occurrence of infection in children aged 0–12 months for the condition 1 (p = 0.030) as well as condition 2 (p = 0.019). The occurrence of infections due to HAdV did not coincide with a pattern of seasonal distribution. These data indicate the significant involvement of HAdV-F type 41 in the etiology of ADD in Minas Gerais, which demonstrates the importance of other viral agents in the development of the disease after the introduction of rotavirus vaccine immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Aparecida Vieira Reis
- Laboratory of Virology, Microbiology Department, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Andrêssa Silvino Ferreira Assis
- Laboratory of Virology, Microbiology Department, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
| | - Daniel Almeida do Valle
- Laboratory of Virology, Microbiology Department, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Vívian Honorato Barletta
- Laboratory of Virology, Microbiology Department, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Iná Pires de Carvalho
- Virology Department, Institute of Microbiology Prof. Paulo de Goes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Lundgren Rose
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - José Paulo Gagliardi Leite
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maria Luzia da Rosa e Silva
- Laboratory of Virology, Microbiology Department, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
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Swartling L, Allard A, Törlen J, Ljungman P, Mattsson J, Sparrelid E. Prolonged outbreak of adenovirus A31 in allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients. Transpl Infect Dis 2015; 17:785-94. [PMID: 26284461 DOI: 10.1111/tid.12443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An outbreak of human adenovirus (HAdV) A31 occurred from December 2011 to March 2012 at the Center for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (CAST), Karolinska University Hospital in Sweden. We analyzed the outbreak, the routes of transmission, and report the medical consequences. METHODS The medical records of all patients admitted to CAST during the outbreak period were studied. Phylogenetic analysis of the patient HAdV strains was performed by sequencing the hexon gene and the more variable E3 gene. RESULTS We identified 9 cases of HAdV A31. Hygiene measures were implemented, but transmission continued for 2 months. All 9 patients had been admitted to the ward, but 2 had no connection in time to other known HAdV A31 cases. DNA sequencing of the patient strains strongly suggested nosocomial transmission. Transplantation was postponed and then cancelled in 1 patient, and 5 patients were treated with cidofovir because of high levels of viremia. In 7 patients, concomitant graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) grade II-V complicated the clinical picture, as it was difficult to distinguish symptoms of GVHD from those of HAdV infection. CONCLUSION An outbreak of HAdV in HSCT recipients can be difficult to control. Although none of the patients had severe disease, the medical consequences were significant. It is possible that unidentified cases with mild symptoms may have caused continuous transmission at the unit. Regular testing of all patients several weeks beyond the last case identified may be an important measure to control transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Swartling
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Allard
- Department of Virology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - J Törlen
- Center for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P Ljungman
- Center for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Hematology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Mattsson
- Center for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - E Sparrelid
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Genetic Diversity of Human Adenovirus in Children with Acute Gastroenteritis, Albania, 2013-2015. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:142912. [PMID: 26339589 PMCID: PMC4538309 DOI: 10.1155/2015/142912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of the present study were to assess the occurrence of human adenoviruses (HAdVs) in paediatric patients with gastroenteritis in Albania and to characterize HAdV strains. Faecal specimens from children admitted with acute gastroenteritis to the Paediatric Hospital in Tirana were screened for HAdV, using broad-range primers targeting the hexon gene, in combination with species-specific primers targeting the fiber gene. Phylogenetic analysis was then performed to assess the genetic relationships among the different sequences and between the sequences of the samples and those of the prototype strains. Adenovirus DNA was detected in 33/142 samples (23.2%); 14 belonged to species F (13 HAdV-41 and 1 HAdV-40), 13 to species C (1 HAdV-1, 8 HAdV-2, and 4 HAdV-5), 5 to species B (HAdV-3), and 1 to species A (HAdV-12). Rotavirus coinfection was present in 9/33 (27.2%) positive samples. In the remaining 24 positive samples (12 enteric—F species; 12 nonenteric—A, B, or C species), HAdVs were detected as unique viral pathogens, suggesting that HAdV may be an important cause of diarrhoea in children requiring hospitalization. This is the first study investigating the presence of human adenoviruses (species A–G) as etiologic agents of viral gastroenteritis in children in Albania.
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Lekana-Douki SE, Kombila-Koumavor C, Nkoghe D, Drosten C, Drexler JF, Leroy EM. Molecular epidemiology of enteric viruses and genotyping of rotavirus A, adenovirus and astrovirus among children under 5 years old in Gabon. Int J Infect Dis 2015; 34:90-5. [PMID: 25796432 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the prevalence of enteric viruses causing gastroenteritis, and the circulating stains, in Gabonese children under five years old who visited health centers between March 2010 and June 2011. METHODS Stool specimens were collected and sent for analysis to CIRMF (Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville). Stools were screened for six enteric viruses (rotavirus, adenovirus, norovirus I and II, sapovirus, human astrovirus) by means of a multiplex real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and Rotavirus A, Adenovirus and Astrovirus were genotyped. RESULTS Among the 317 specimens analyzed, 193 (60.9%) were positive for at least one enteric virus. Rotavirus A (RVA) (27.1%) was the most frequently detected virus, followed by human Adenovirus (HAdV) (19.6%), Norovirus II (NoVs-II) (13.9%), Norovirus I (NoVs-I) (9.1%), Sapovirus (SaV) (9.5%) and human Astrovirus (HAstV) (6.3%). One-third of the 193 positive samples contained more than one virus. The most common Rotavirus A genotype was G6P[6]. Various HAdV serotypes were found. HAstV-1 was identified. CONCLUSIONS These findings improve our knowledge of circulating enteric viruses in Gabon. The emergence of unusual G6P[6] strain of rotavirus A, predominant, suggested a particular epidemiological surveillance of circulating rotavirus strains during the introduction of vaccination in Gabon.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dieudonné Nkoghe
- Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, BP 769 Franceville, Gabon; Ministère de la Santé Publique, BP 5978 Libreville, Gabon.
| | | | | | - Eric M Leroy
- Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, BP 769 Franceville, Gabon; UMR (IRD 224 /CNRS 5290 / UM1-UM2), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier, France.
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Amaral MSC, Estevam GK, Penatti M, Lafontaine R, Lima ICG, Spada PKP, Gabbay YB, Matos NB. The prevalence of norovirus, astrovirus and adenovirus infections among hospitalised children with acute gastroenteritis in Porto Velho, state of Rondônia, western Brazilian Amazon. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2015; 110:215-21. [PMID: 25946245 PMCID: PMC4489452 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760140381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Although viruses are well-established causes of acute gastroenteritis, few data on the circulation of these pathogens in Porto Velho, state of Rondônia, Brazil, are available. Thus, faecal samples from hospitalised diarrhoeic children, under six years of age, were collected and tested for the presence of norovirus (NoV), adenovirus (AdV) and astrovirus (AstV) from February 2010-February 2012. Specimens were screened by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and viruses were found in 10.7% (63/591) of the cases. NoV, AdV and AstV were detected in 7.8%, 2% and 0.8% of the samples, respectively. NoV infection was observed at all ages and was most prevalent in zero-18-month-old children (84.7%; p = 0.002). A higher incidence of NoV was detected from February-April 2010, when it was found in 52.2% of the cases. Co-infections involving these viruses, rotavirus and enteropathogenic bacteria were detected in 44.4% (28/63) of the children with viral diarrhoea. Nosocomial infections were demonstrated in 28.6% (18/63) of the cases in which viruses were detected. The present paper reports, for the first time, the circulation of NoV and AstV among the paediatric population of Porto Velho and it contributes to our understanding of the roles of these pathogens in gastrointestinal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marilene Penatti
- Hospital Infantil Cosme e Damião, Secretaria de Estado da Saúde, Porto Velho, RO, Brasil
| | - Roger Lafontaine
- Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical, Porto Velho, RO, Brasil
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Moyo SJ, Hanevik K, Blomberg B, Kommedal O, Nordbø SA, Maselle S, Langeland N. Prevalence and molecular characterisation of human adenovirus in diarrhoeic children in Tanzania; a case control study. BMC Infect Dis 2014; 14:666. [PMID: 25495029 PMCID: PMC4266963 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-014-0666-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human adenovirus (HAdV) causes acute diarrhoea sporadically, as well as in outbreaks. Understanding the prevalence and types of HAdV in diarrhoea is important for control and preventive measures, especially in the African region where there is a high burden of diarrhoeal disease. The present study assessed the prevalence, molecular characteristics, seasonality and associated clinical features of HAdV infection Tanzanian children below two years of age with and without diarrhoea between 2010-2011. METHODS Stool specimens, demographic and clinical information were collected in 690 cases and 545 controls. All stool samples were screened for HAdV-antigen using ELISA. Positive samples subsequently underwent real-time PCR and sequencing for molecular typing. RESULTS HAdV was detected in 37 children, corresponding to a prevalence of 3.5% (24/690) in diarrhoeic and 2.4% (13/545) in non-diarrhoeic children (P > 0.05). Among HAdV-infected children, the median age was significantly lower in diarrhoeic than in non-diarrhoeic children (10 vs. 14 months, P˂0.001). More than half of HAdV infected (54.2%) were dehydrated as compared to diarrhoeic children without HAdV (45.8%, P = 0.01). The proportion of the enteric HAdV type 40/41 in diarrhoeic and non-diarrhoeic children was (50.0%, 12/24) and (46.2%, 6/13) respectively. Other HAdV types detected were; 1, 2, 7, 18, 19 and 31. The prevalence of adenovirus was not significantly different between rainy and dry seasons. HAdV was not detected in the 33 known HIV positive children. There was no significant association between HAdV infection and gender, nutritional status of the child and parent educational level. CONCLUSION The present study provides further evidence of the contribution of adenovirus in causing gastroenteritis in young children, with symptomatic infection being significantly more prevalent in children below one year. We found similar prevalence of adenovirus in non-diarrhoeic children and in diarrhoeic children. This first report on molecular epidemiology of human adenovirus in Tanzania observed diversity of HAdV types that circulate the study setting. The study findings suggest that HAdV is not an important cause of diarrhoea in young HIV-positive children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina John Moyo
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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Cassir N, Hraiech S, Nougairede A, Zandotti C, Fournier PE, Papazian L. Outbreak of adenovirus type 1 severe pneumonia in a French intensive care unit, September-October 2012. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 19. [PMID: 25306980 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es2014.19.39.20914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We herein describe and analyse the first outbreak of severe pneumonia caused by human adenovirus type1 (HAdV C type 1), which included immunocompetent patients in an intensive care unit (ICU) of Marseille, France, and occurred between September and October 2012. Seven successive patients were diagnosed by HAdV specific real-time polymerase chain reaction with a positive bronchoalveolar lavage. After the collection of nasopharyngeal swabs from healthcare workers, three nurses working night shifts tested positive for HAdV C including one that had exhibited respiratory signs while working one week before the outbreak. She was the most likely source of the outbreak. Our findings suggest that HAdV-1 could be considered as a possible cause of severe pneumonia even in immunocompetent patients with a potential to cause outbreaks in ICUs. HAdV rapid identification and typing is needed to curtail the spread of this pathogen. Reinforcing hand hygiene with antiseptics with demonstrated activity against non-enveloped viruses and ensuring that HCWs with febrile respiratory symptoms avoid direct patient contact are critical measures to prevent transmission of HAdV in healthcare settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Cassir
- Unite de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales et Emergentes, UM63 CNRS 7278, IRD 189, Inserm U1095, IHU Mediterranee-Infection, Aix-Marseille Universite, Marseille, France
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35
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Ganime AC, Carvalho-Costa FA, Santos M, Costa Filho R, Leite JPG, Miagostovich MP. Viability of human adenovirus from hospital fomites. J Med Virol 2014; 86:2065-9. [PMID: 25042068 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The monitoring of environmental microbial contamination in healthcare facilities may be a valuable tool to determine pathogens transmission in those settings; however, such procedure is limited to bacterial indicators. Viruses are found commonly in those environments and are rarely used for these procedures. The aim of this study was to assess distribution and viability of a human DNA virus on fomites in an Adult Intensive Care Unit of a private hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Human adenoviruses (HAdV) were investigated in 141 fomites by scraping the surface area and screening by quantitative PCR (qPCR) using TaqMan® System (Carlsbad, CA). Ten positive samples were selected for virus isolation in A549 and/or HEp2c cell lines. A total of 63 samples (44.7%) were positive and presented viral load ranging from 2.48 × 10(1) to 2.1 × 10(3) genomic copies per millilitre (gc/ml). The viability was demonstrated by integrated cell culture/nested-PCR in 5 out of 10 samples. Nucleotide sequencing confirmed all samples as HAdV and characterized one of them as specie B, serotype 3 (HAdV-3). The results indicate the risk of nosocomial transmission via contaminated fomites and point out the use of HAdV as biomarkers of environmental contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Ganime
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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36
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Raboni SM, Damasio GAC, Ferreira CEO, Pereira LA, Nogueira MB, Vidal LR, Cruz CR, Almeida SM. Acute gastroenteritis and enteric viruses in hospitalised children in southern Brazil: aetiology, seasonality and clinical outcomes. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2014; 109:428-35. [PMID: 25075782 PMCID: PMC4155843 DOI: 10.1590/0074-0276140066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral acute gastroenteritis (AG) is a significant cause of hospitalisation in children younger than five years. Group A rotavirus (RVA) is responsible for 30% of these cases. Following the introduction of RVA immunisation in Brazil in 2006, a decreased circulation of this virus has been observed. However, AG remains an important cause of hospitalisation of paediatric patients and only limited data are available regarding the role of other enteric viruses in these cases. We conducted a prospective study of paediatric patients hospitalised for AG. Stool samples were collected to investigate human adenovirus (HAdV), RVA, norovirus (NoV) and astrovirus (AstV). NoV typing was performed by nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. From the 225 samples tested, 60 (26%) were positive for at least one viral agent. HAdV, NoV, RVA and AstV were detected in 16%, 8%, 6% and 0% of the samples, respectively. Mixed infections were found in nine patients: HAdV/RVA (5), HAdV/NoV (3) and HAdV/NoV/RVA (1). The frequency of fever and lymphocytosis was significantly higher in virus-infected patients. Phylogenetic analysis of NoV indicated that all of these viruses belonged to genotype GII.4. The significant frequency of these pathogens in patients with AG highlights the need to routinely implement laboratory investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Maria Raboni
- Laboratório de Virologia, Hospital de Clínicas
- Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas
| | | | - Carla EO Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia, Parasitologia e
Patologia
| | | | | | | | - Cristina R Cruz
- Departamento de Pediatria, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba,
PR, Brasil
| | - Sergio M Almeida
- Laboratório de Virologia, Hospital de Clínicas
- Faculdades e Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Complexo
Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
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37
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Arcangeletti MC, Germini D, Martorana D, Rodighiero I, De Conto F, Medici MC, Chezzi C, Calderaro A. High frequency of cultivable human subgroup F adenoviruses in stool samples from a paediatric population admitted to hospital with acute gastroenteritis. J Med Microbiol 2014; 63:812-818. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.072413-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The family Adenoviridae consists of five genera of which the genus Mastadenovirus includes human viruses classified into 57 serotypes clustered into seven subgroups (A–G). Serotypes 40 and 41 (subgroup F) are specifically associated with childhood gastroenteritis and are the most common cause of acute gastroenteritis in young children after rotaviruses and noroviruses. Standard methods for laboratory diagnosis of adenovirus infection include electron microscopy (EM) and conventional cell culture (CCC), although it is widely considered that adenoviruses 40 and 41 are difficult to cultivate, such that their circulation is most likely underestimated. One hundred and ten faecal specimens from paediatric patients with gastroenteritis were confirmed positive for adenovirus by EM and/or CCC at the Virology Unit of the University Hospital of Parma, Italy, during the period January 2010–December 2012. They were analysed to determine the actual prevalence of adenovirus 40 and 41 in these patients using PCR and restriction endonuclease analysis, and to evaluate their ability to be cultivated in standard cell lines. The results showed a high prevalence of subgroup F (62.7 %), with serotype 41 (89.8 %) predominating over serotype 40 (10.2 %). Surprisingly, among the 75 adenoviruses isolated by CCC, 37 (49 %) belonged to subgroup F, suggesting a higher capacity of adenovirus 40 and 41 to replicate in cell culture than previously thought. PCR and restriction enzyme techniques provide an efficient means of diagnosing enteric adenoviruses correctly, including subgroup F adenovirus strains in young children with gastroenteritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Cristina Arcangeletti
- Unit of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Diego Germini
- Unit of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Davide Martorana
- Unit of Molecular Genetics, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Isabella Rodighiero
- Unit of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Flora De Conto
- Unit of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Maria-Cristina Medici
- Unit of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Carlo Chezzi
- Unit of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Adriana Calderaro
- Unit of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Adenoviruses associated with acute diarrhea in children in Beijing, China. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88791. [PMID: 24533149 PMCID: PMC3923065 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenoviruses have been recognized as important causal pathogens of community-acquired diarrhea (CAD) among children, but their role in hospital-acquired diarrhea (HAD) is not well-understood. Hospitalized children with acute diarrhea and children who visited the outpatient department due to diarrhea were investigated from 2011 to 2012. Adenovirus was detected in stool specimens by PCR and further characterized by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. SPSS software (version 19.0) was used for statistical analyses. A total of 2233 diarrheal children were enrolled in this study; this sample was comprised of 1371 hospitalized children, including 885 with CAD (IP-CAD) and 486 with HAD, and 862 outpatients with CAD (OP-CAD). Among these 2,233 patients, adenovirus was detected in 219 cases (9.8%). The positive rates for adenovirus were significantly different between the IP-CAD (9.3%), HAD (13.8%) and OP-CAD (8.1%) cases (X² = 11.76, p = 0.003). The positive rate of adenovirus was lower in infants under six months of age compared to the positive rates in the other age groups. Of the 219 of adenovirus positive patients, 91 (41.6%) were identified as having serotype 41. Although enteric adenovirus (group F) was the most frequently detected adenovirus among children with either CAD or HAD, the role of non-enteric adenoviruses, especially the adenovirus 31 type (19.7%), cannot be ignored in diarrheal children.
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39
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Pauly M, Hoppe E, Mugisha L, Petrzelkova K, Akoua-Koffi C, Couacy-Hymann E, Anoh AE, Mossoun A, Schubert G, Wiersma L, Pascale S, Muyembe JJ, Karhemere S, Weiss S, Leendertz SA, Calvignac-Spencer S, Leendertz FH, Ehlers B. High prevalence and diversity of species D adenoviruses (HAdV-D) in human populations of four Sub-Saharan countries. Virol J 2014; 11:25. [PMID: 24512686 PMCID: PMC3928611 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-11-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human adenoviruses of species D (HAdV-D) can be associated with acute respiratory illness, epidemic keratoconjunctivitis, and gastroenteritis, but subclinical HAdV-D infections with prolonged shedding have also been observed, particularly in immunocompromised hosts. To expand knowledge on HAdV-D in Sub-Saharan Africa, we investigated the prevalence, epidemiology and pathogenic potential of HAdV-D in humans from rural areas of 4 Sub-Saharan countries, Côte d'Ivoire (CI), Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Central African Republic (CAR) and Uganda (UG). METHODS Stool samples were collected from 287 people living in rural regions in CI, DRC, CAR and UG. HAdV-D prevalence and diversity were determined by PCR and sequencing. A gene block, spanning the genes pV to hexon, was used for analysis of genetic distance. Correlation between adenovirus infection and disease symptoms, prevalence differences, and the effect of age and gender on infection status were analyzed with cross tables and logistic regression models. RESULTS The prevalence of HAdV-D in the investigated sites was estimated to be 66% in CI, 48% in DRC, 28% in CAR (adults only) and 65% in UG (adults only). Younger individuals were more frequently infected than adults; there was no difference in HAdV-D occurrence between genders. No correlation could be found between HAdV-D infection and clinical symptoms. Highly diverse HAdV-D sequences were identified, among which a number are likely to stand for novel types. CONCLUSIONS HAdV-D was detected with a high prevalence in study populations of 4 Sub-Saharan countries. The genetic diversity of the virus was high and further investigations are needed to pinpoint pathological potential of each of the viruses. High diversity may also favor the emergence of recombinants with altered tropism and pathogenic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bernhard Ehlers
- Division 12 "Measles, Mumps, Rubella and Viruses affecting immunocompromised patients", Robert Koch Institute, Berlin 13353, Germany.
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40
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Abstract
Acute gastroenteritis is among the most common illnesses of human beings, and its associated morbidity and mortality are greatest among those at the extremes of age; children and elderly. During the 1970s, several viruses were associated with this syndrome, which are now known to be caused mainly by viruses belonging to four distinct families—rotaviruses, caliciviruses, astroviruses, and adenoviruses. Other viruses, such as the toroviruses, picobirnaviruses, coronavirus, and enterovirus 22, may play a role as well. Transmission by food or water has been documented for astroviruses, caliciviruses, rotaviruses, and norovirus. In developing countries, gastroenteritis is a common cause of death in children <5 years, while deaths from diarrhea are less common, much illness leads to hospitalization or doctor visits. Laboratory confirmation of waterborne illness is based on demonstration of virus particles or antigen in stool, detection of viral nucleic acid in stool, or demonstration of a rise in specific antibody to the virus. Newer methods for syndrome surveillance of acute viral gastroenteritis are being developed like multiplex real-time reverse transcriptase PCRs. Application of these more sensitive methods to detect and characterize individual agents is just beginning, but has already opened up new avenues to reassess their disease burden, examine their molecular epidemiology, and consider new directions for their prevention and control through vaccination, improvements in water quality, and sanitary practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prati Pal Singh
- Center of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Mohali, Punjab India
| | - Vinod Sharma
- The National Academy of Sciences, Allahabad, India
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41
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Ren Z, Kong Y, Wang J, Wang Q, Huang A, Xu H. Etiological study of enteric viruses and the genetic diversity of norovirus, sapovirus, adenovirus, and astrovirus in children with diarrhea in Chongqing, China. BMC Infect Dis 2013; 13:412. [PMID: 24004442 PMCID: PMC3766652 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-13-412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enteric viruses are a major cause of diarrhea in children, especially those <5 years old. Identifying the viral agents is critical to the development of effective preventive measures. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of common enteric viruses in children <5 years old presented with diarrhea to the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. METHODS Five hundred fecal samples were collected between August and November 2010 from children <5 years of age who presented with acute diarrhea at the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. All samples were tested for rotaviruses A, B, and C, noroviruses GI and GII, adenovirus, sapovirus, and astrovirus using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), or PCR. Partial sequences of norovirus, sapovirus, adenovirus, and astrovirus were phylogenetically analyzed to determine the genotype. RESULTS Enteric viruses were detected in 302 of the 500 children who presented with acute diarrhea (277/477; 58.07%) and persistent diarrhea (5/23; 21.74%). In 277 samples from children with acute diarrhea in whom at least one viral agent was found, rotavirus A was the most frequent virus identified (132 cases; 27.67%), followed by norovirus GII in 130 cases (27.25%), adenovirus in 30 cases (6.29%), sapovirus in 9 cases (1.89%) and astrovirus in one case (0.21%). Twenty-two of the norovirus GII-positive cases were randomly selected for genotyping. GII/4 was the predominant strain, followed by GII/6, GII/2, GII/3, and GII/7. Sapovirus was classified into four genotypes: GI/1 was predominant, followed by GI/2, GII/1, and GIV. The predominant adenovirus was type 41. Mixed infections were found in 25 cases, all of which presented with acute diarrhea (25/477; 5.24%). Viruses were positive in 5/23 (21.74%) cases with persistent diarrhea. Neither rotavirus B, rotavirus C, nor norovirus GI were found in any of the samples. CONCLUSIONS Enteric viruses are a major cause of diarrhea in children <5 years old in Chongqing. Rotavirus A is the most common etiological agent, follow by norovirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengzhi Ren
- Department of Infectious diseases and Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No, 136 Zhongshan Er Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400014, China.
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42
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Matsushima Y, Shimizu H, Kano A, Nakajima E, Ishimaru Y, Dey SK, Watanabe Y, Adachi F, Suzuki K, Mitani K, Fujimoto T, Phan TG, Ushijima H. Novel human adenovirus strain, Bangladesh. Emerg Infect Dis 2013; 18:846-8. [PMID: 22515955 PMCID: PMC3358076 DOI: 10.3201/eid1805.111584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a novel human adenovirus D (HAdV-65) isolated from feces of 4 children in Bangladesh who had acute gastroenteritis. Corresponding genes of HAdV-65 were related to a hexon gene of HAdV-10, penton base genes of HAdV-37 and HAdV-58, and a fiber gene of HAdV-9. This novel virus may be a serious threat to public health.
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43
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Luchs A. Comment on “Viral acute gastroenteritis: clinical and epidemiological features of co-infected patients”. Braz J Infect Dis 2013; 17:112-3. [PMID: 23332443 PMCID: PMC9427342 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2012.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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44
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Lee JI, Lee GC, Chung JY, Han TH, Lee YK, Kim MS, Lee CH. Detection and molecular characterization of adenoviruses in Korean children hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis. Microbiol Immunol 2012; 56:523-8. [PMID: 22530970 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2012.00469.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are an important cause of acute gastroenteritis in children. However, few studies on the epidemiology or types of HAdVs associated with acute gastroenteritis have been conducted in Korea. Therefore, in the present study, the incidence of HAdV in 2064 stool samples from Korean children hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis (2004-2006) was assessed and the types of viruses present determined. Polymerase chain reaction, sequencing, and phylogenic analyses revealed that 113 samples (5.5%) were HAdV-positive. While HAdVs were mainly detected during July to October, no seasonal difference between the enteric and non-enteric viruses in the incidence of HAdV was observed. HAdV-41 and HAdV-40 were found in 54 (47.8%) and 3 (2.6%) HAdV-positive samples, respectively. HAdV-3, HAdV-7, HAdV-2, HAdV-31, HAdV-4, and HAdV-37 were detected in 11 (9.7%), 5 (4.4%), 2 (1.7%), 2 (1.7%), 1 (0.8%), and 1 (0.8%) of sample(s), respectively. Thus, not only enteric, but also non-enteric, HAdVs may play an important role in acute gastroenteritis in Korean children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae In Lee
- Seoul Metropolitan Research Institute of Public Health and Environment, Gwacheon, Gyeonggi, Korea
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45
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de Oliveira Ferreira CE, Raboni SM, Aparecida Pereira L, Nogueira MB, Renaud Vidal LR, Almeida SM. Viral acute gastroenteritis: clinical and epidemiological features of co-infected patients. Braz J Infect Dis 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s1413-8670(12)70322-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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46
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Weigt SS, Gregson AL, Deng JC, Lynch JP, Belperio JA. Respiratory viral infections in hematopoietic stem cell and solid organ transplant recipients. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2011; 32:471-93. [PMID: 21858751 PMCID: PMC4209842 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1283286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory viral infections (RVIs) are common causes of mild illness in immunocompetent children and adults with rare occurrences of significant morbidity or mortality. Complications are more common in the very young, very old, and those with underlying lung diseases. However, RVIs are increasingly recognized as a cause of morbidity and mortality in recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplants (HSCT) and solid organ transplants (SOTs). Diagnostic techniques for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), parainfluenza, influenza, and adenovirus have been clinically available for decades, and these infections are known to cause serious disease in transplant recipients. Modern molecular technology has now made it possible to detect other RVIs including human metapneumovirus, coronavirus, and bocavirus, and the role of these viruses in causing serious disease in transplant recipients is still being worked out. This article reviews the current information regarding epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of these infections, as well as the aspects of clinical significance of RVIs unique to HSCT or SOT.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Samuel Weigt
- Division of Pulmonary, Department of Medicine, The David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
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47
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Prado T, Silva DM, Guilayn WC, Rose TL, Gaspar AMC, Miagostovich MP. Quantification and molecular characterization of enteric viruses detected in effluents from two hospital wastewater treatment plants. WATER RESEARCH 2011; 45:1287-97. [PMID: 21040941 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2010.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2010] [Revised: 09/02/2010] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Hospital wastewater has been described as an important source of spreading pathogenic microorganisms in the environment. However, there are few studies reporting the presence and concentrations of gastroenteric viruses and hepatitis A viruses in these environmental matrices. The aim of this study was to assess the contamination by viruses responsible for acute gastroenteritis and hepatitis derived from hospital wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Rotavirus A (RV-A), human adenoviruses (HAdV), norovirus genogroup I and II (NoV GI/GII) and hepatitis A viruses (HAV) were detected and quantified in sewage samples from two WWTPs located in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) that operates different sewage treatments. WWTP-1 uses an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB reactor) and three serial anaerobic filters while WWTP-2 uses aerobic processes, activated sludge with extended aeration and final chlorination of the effluents. Viruses' detection was investigated by using conventional PCR/RT-PCR, quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and partial sequencing of the genome of the viruses detected. Rate of viruses detection ranged from 7% (NoV GI in WWTP-1) to 95% (RV-A in WWTP-2) and genome from all viruses were detected. The most prevalent genotypes were RV-A SG I, HAdV species D and F, NoV GII/4 and HAV subgenotype IA. Mean values of viral loads (genome copies (GC)/ml) obtained in filtered effluents from anaerobic process was 1.9 × 10(3) (RV-A), 2.8 × 10(3) (HAdV) and 2.4 × 10(3) (NoV GII). For chlorinated effluents from activated sludge process, the mean values of viral loads (GC/ml) was 1.2 × 10(5) (RV-A), 1.4 × 10(3) (HAdV), 8.1 × 10(2) (NoV GII) and 2.8 × 10(4) (HAV). Data on viral detection in treated effluents of hospital WWTPs confirmed the potential for environmental contamination by viruses and could be useful to establish standards for policies on wastewater management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Prado
- Laboratory of Technological Development in Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Av. Brazil 4.365, Manguinhos, CEP 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil.
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Circulation of a novel pattern of infections by enteric adenovirus serotype 41 among children below 5 years of age in Kolkata, India. J Clin Microbiol 2010; 49:500-5. [PMID: 21123530 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01834-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human adenovirus of strains subgenus F (AdV F) are the most common strains detected in acute gastroenteritis cases in developing countries. Subgenus F is represented by AdV serotype 40 (AdV-40) and AdV-41. Most of the reports have described the predominance of AdV-41 in acute gastroenteritis cases. To gain insight into the epidemiology and genetic variation of AdV-41 strains, we analyzed 1,053 stool specimens from children with diarrhea. Among them, 42 (4.0%) and 56 (5.3%) were positive for enteric adenovirus 40/41 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and PCR, respectively. For 1,305 asymptomatic children, 9 (0.7%) and 22 (1.7%) samples were positive for enteric adenovirus 40/40 by ELISA and PCR, respectively. The age distribution revealed a higher frequency (90%) in children <24 months of age. AdV F infection was observed at a low frequency throughout the year, with an increased incidence occurring during February and March. Sequence analysis of one to three hypervariable regions (HVRs) of the hexon genes of 16 representative AdV-41 strains in this study confirmed circulation of a unique strain with genomic type cluster 1 (GTC1)/GTC2. However, sequence analysis of the fiber genes of these strains confirmed 15 amino acid deletions from the 15th repeat motif of the shaft region. The existence of two GTCs reflects the accumulation of amino acid mutations in the HVR of the hexon gene. The novel AdV-41 strain might follow the same infection pattern as AdV-40. There is no significant variation in the sequences of hexon and fiber genes among strains from symptomatic and asymptomatic children. Our data confirm the circulation of an AdV-41 strain with a novel pattern in Kolkata, India, among children below 5 years of age.
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49
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Roy S, Vandenberghe LH, Kryazhimskiy S, Grant R, Calcedo R, Yuan X, Keough M, Sandhu A, Wang Q, Medina-Jaszek CA, Plotkin JB, Wilson JM. Isolation and characterization of adenoviruses persistently shed from the gastrointestinal tract of non-human primates. PLoS Pathog 2009; 5:e1000503. [PMID: 19578438 PMCID: PMC2698151 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2009] [Accepted: 06/05/2009] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenoviruses are important human pathogens that have been developed as vectors for gene therapies and genetic vaccines. Previous studies indicated that human infections with adenoviruses are self-limiting in immunocompetent hosts with evidence of some persistence in adenoid tissue. We sought to better understand the natural history of adenovirus infections in various non-human primates and discovered that healthy populations of great apes (chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas, and orangutans) and macaques shed substantial quantities of infectious adenoviruses in stool. Shedding in stools from asymptomatic humans was found to be much less frequent, comparable to frequencies reported before. We purified and fully sequenced 30 novel adenoviruses from apes and 3 novel adenoviruses from macaques. Analyses of the new ape adenovirus sequences (as well as the 4 chimpanzee adenovirus sequences we have previously reported) together with 22 complete adenovirus genomes available from GenBank revealed that (a) the ape adenoviruses could clearly be classified into species corresponding to human adenovirus species B, C, and E, (b) there was evidence for intraspecies recombination between adenoviruses, and (c) the high degree of phylogenetic relatedness of adenoviruses across their various primate hosts provided evidence for cross species transmission events to have occurred in the natural history of B and E viruses. The high degree of asymptomatic shedding of live adenovirus in non-human primates and evidence for zoonotic transmissions warrants caution for primate handling and housing. Furthermore, the presence of persistent and/or latent adenovirus infections in the gut should be considered in the design and interpretation of human and non-human primate studies with adenovirus vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumitra Roy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Luk H. Vandenberghe
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Sergey Kryazhimskiy
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Grant
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Roberto Calcedo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Xin Yuan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Martin Keough
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Arbans Sandhu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Qiang Wang
- Vaccine Research Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - C. Angelica Medina-Jaszek
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Joshua B. Plotkin
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - James M. Wilson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Belsy A, Odalys V, Alexander P, Clara S, Angel G, Grehete G, Guelsys G, Luis S, Pedro M, Guadalupe GM, Alina L, Pilar PBM, Inmaculada C. Molecular characterization of adenoviral infections in Cuba: report of an unusual association of species D adenoviruses with different clinical syndromes. Arch Virol 2009; 154:619-27. [PMID: 19280320 PMCID: PMC7086751 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-009-0338-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2008] [Accepted: 02/17/2009] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Adenoviruses are common pathogens that are responsible for a wide variety of infectious syndromes. The objectives of this study were to identify and characterize members of different adenovirus species at the molecular level and to describe the correlation between viruses and clinical syndromes during a period of 4 years. Between 2002 and 2006, 45 of 512 respiratory specimens (8%) from patients with acute respiratory tract infection tested positive for adenovirus. Four adenovirus isolates from samples sent for enterovirus isolation were also analyzed. This research identified 49 confirmed cases of human adenovirus infection by PCR and/or viral culture. The most common diagnosis was upper respiratory infection (44%). Human adenovirusD was the major species found (59%), followed by Human adenovirusC (36%) and Human adenovirusB (4%). Human adenovirus 5 was the major serotype found producing bronchiolitis, followed by human adenovirus 6. In patients with upper respiratory infection, the major serotype found was human adenovirus 17. Viruses of the species Human adenovirusD were identified in seven (77%) cases of acute febrile syndrome. Four isolates from clinical materials obtained from patients with encephalitis, acute flaccid paralysis and meningoencephalitis were identified as belonging to the species Human adenovirusD. Our data demonstrate a surprising result about the identification of an unusual association of viruses of the species Human adenovirusD with different clinical syndromes. This observation could be evaluated as a possible indicator of the emergence of a novel strain but further studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Acosta Belsy
- Virology Department, Nacional Influenza Centre, Instituto de Medicina Tropical Pedro Kourí, Ciudad de la Habana, Havana, Cuba.
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