1
|
Horvat S, Yu Y, Böjte S, Teßmer I, Lowman DW, Ma Z, Williams DL, Beilhack A, Albrecht K, Groll J. Engineering Nanogels for Drug Delivery to Pathogenic Fungi Aspergillus fumigatus by Tuning Polymer Amphiphilicity. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:3112-3121. [PMID: 32603103 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Invasive aspergillosis is a serious threat to immunodeficient and critically ill patients caused mainly by the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. Here, poly(glycidol)-based nanogels (NGs) are proposed as delivery vehicles for antifungal agents for sustained drug release. NGs are formed by simple self-assembly of random copolymers, followed by oxidative cross-linking of thiol functionalities. We investigate the impact of copolymer amphiphilicity on NG interaction with mature fungal hyphae in order to select the optimal drug delivery system for model antifungal drug amphotericin B. The results show that drug-loaded NGs decrease minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) for around four times and slow down the fungal biofilm synthesis at concentrations lower than MIC. Our results suggest that amphiphilicity of nanoparticle's polymer matrix is an important factor in understanding the action of nanocarriers toward fungal cells and should be considered in the development of nanoparticle-based antifungal therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Horvat
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Yidong Yu
- Department of Medicine II, Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Würzburg University Hospital, Zinklesweg 10, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Szalbolcs Böjte
- Ingrid Tessmer's Lab, Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ingrid Teßmer
- Ingrid Tessmer's Lab, Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Douglas W Lowman
- Department of Surgery, Quillen College of Medicine, Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee 37614-0575, United States
| | - Zuchao Ma
- Department of Surgery, Quillen College of Medicine, Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee 37614-0575, United States
| | - David L Williams
- Department of Surgery, Quillen College of Medicine, Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee 37614-0575, United States
| | - Andreas Beilhack
- Department of Medicine II, Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Würzburg University Hospital, Zinklesweg 10, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Krystyna Albrecht
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Groll
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Modes of the antibiotic activity of amphotericin B against Candida albicans. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17029. [PMID: 31745151 PMCID: PMC6864243 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53517-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Amphotericin B is an antibiotic used as the “gold standard” in the treatment of life-threatening fungal infections. Several molecular mechanisms have been proposed to explain exceptionally high effectiveness of amphotericin B in combating fungi. In the present work, we apply fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy to track, step by step, modes of the toxic activity of amphotericin B towards a clinical strain of Candida albicans. The images recorded reveal that the antibiotic binds to cells in the form of the small aggregates characterized by a relatively short fluorescence lifetime (0.2 ns). Amphotericin B binds preferentially to the cell walls of mature cells but also to the plasma membranes of the daughter cells at the budding stage. The images recorded with the application of a scanning electron microscopy show that the antibiotic interferes with the formation of functional cell walls of such young cells. The results of imaging reveal the formation of the amphotericin B-rich extramembranous structures and also binding of the drug molecules into the cell membranes and penetration into the cells. These two modes of action of amphotericin B are observed in the time scale of minutes.
Collapse
|
3
|
Omelchuk OA, Tevyashova AN, Shchekotikhin AE. Recent advances in antifungal drug discovery based on polyene macrolide antibiotics. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
4
|
Zhou L, Qiu T, Lv F, Liu L, Ying J, Wang S. Self-Assembled Nanomedicines for Anticancer and Antibacterial Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1800670. [PMID: 30080319 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201800670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembly strategies have been widely applied in the nanomedicine field, which provide a convenient approach for building various structures for delivery carriers. When cooperating with biomolecules, self-assembly systems have significant influence on the cell activity and life process and could be used for regulating nanodrug activity. In this review, self-assembled nanomedicines are introduced, including materials, encapsulation, and releasing strategies, where self-assembly strategies are involved. Furthermore, as a promising and emerging area for nanomedicine, in situ self-assembly of anticancer drugs and supramolecular antibiotic switches is also discussed about how to regulate drug activity. Selective pericellular assembly can block mass transformation of cancer cells inducing cell apoptosis, and the intracellular assembly can either cause cell death or effectively avoid drug elimination from cytosol of cancer cells because of the assembly-induced retention (AIR) effect. Host-guest interactions of drug and competitive molecules offer reversible regulations of antibiotic activity, which can reduce drug-resistance and inhibit the generation of drug-resistant bacteria. Finally, the challenges and development trend in the field are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; Key Laboratory of Organic Solids; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- College of Chemistry; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Tian Qiu
- Department of Pathology; National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for; Cancer/Cancer Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Beijing 100021 P. R. China
| | - Fengting Lv
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; Key Laboratory of Organic Solids; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Libing Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; Key Laboratory of Organic Solids; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Jianming Ying
- Department of Pathology; National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for; Cancer/Cancer Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Beijing 100021 P. R. China
| | - Shu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; Key Laboratory of Organic Solids; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- College of Chemistry; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Effect of nagilactone E on cell morphology and glucan biosynthesis in budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Fitoterapia 2018; 128:112-117. [PMID: 29772300 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nagilactones are norditerpene dilactones isolated from the root bark of Podocarpus nagi. Although nagilactone E has been reported to show antifungal activities, its activity is weaker than that of antifungals on the market. Nagilactone E enhances the antifungal activity of phenylpropanoids such as anethole and isosafrole against nonpathogenic Saccharomyces cerevisiae and pathogenic Candida albicans. However, the detailed mechanisms underlying the antifungal activity of nagilactone E itself have not yet been elucidated. Therefore, we investigated the antifungal mechanisms of nagilactone E using S. cerevisiae. Although nagilactone E induced lethality in vegetatively growing cells, it did not affect cell viability in non-growing cells. Nagilactone E-induced morphological changes in the cells, such as inhomogeneous thickness of the glucan layer and leakage of cytoplasm. Furthermore, a dose-dependent decrease in the amount of newly synthesized (1, 3)-β-glucan was detected in the membrane fractions of the yeast incubated with nagilactone E. These results suggest that nagilactone E exhibits an antifungal activity against S. cerevisiae by depending on cell wall fragility via the inhibition of (1, 3)-β-glucan biosynthesis. Additionally, we confirmed nagilactone E-induced morphological changes of a human pathogenic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. Therefore, nagilactone E is a potential antifungal drug candidate with fewer adverse effects.
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang L, Zhang Y, Wang D, Wang M, Wang Y, Feng J. Mitochondrial Signs and Subcellular Imaging Provide Insight into the Antifungal Mechanism of Carabrone against Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:81-90. [PMID: 29232953 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Carabrone, a botanical bicyclic sesquiterpenic lactone, has broad-spectrum antifungal activity and is particularly efficient against the devastating phytopathogen Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (Ggt). The antifungal mechanism of carabrone against Ggt, however, remains unclear. The main objective of this study was to investigate the subcellular localization of carabrone in Ggt to gain a better understanding of its mechanism of action. When Ggt was exposed to carabrone (EC50 value of 28.45 μg/mL) for 7 days, a decline in mitochondrial concentration together with some obvious alternations in mitochondrial structure, including hazy outlines, medullary transitions, excess accumulation of unclear settlings, and vacuolar degeneration, were observed, indicating that carbrone may act on the mitochondria directly. A fluorescent conjugate (TTY) was thus designed and synthesized as a surrogate of carabrone that possessed comparable antifungal activity against Ggt (EC50 of 33.68 μg/mL). Additionally, a polyclonal antibody specific to carabrone and with a high titer (256 000) was also prepared by immunizing mice. Subsequently, two imaging techniques, the use of the fluorescent conjugate (FC) and immunofluorescence (IF), were applied to determine the subcellular localization of carabrone. Both FC and IF fluorescent signals demonstrated its mitochondrial localization with a Pearson's coefficient of 0.83 for FC and 0.86 for IF. These results imply that carabrone exerts its antifungal activity against Ggt by interfering with mitochondrial function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lanying Wang
- Research and Development Center of Biorational Pesticide, Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University , Haikou 570228, Hainan, China
| | - Yunfei Zhang
- Research and Development Center of Biorational Pesticide, Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Delong Wang
- Research and Development Center of Biorational Pesticide, Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mei Wang
- Research and Development Center of Biorational Pesticide, Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Research and Development Center of Biorational Pesticide, Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Juntao Feng
- Research and Development Center of Biorational Pesticide, Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Engineering and Research Center of Biological Pesticide of Shaanxi Province , Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ikegawa C, Ogita A, Doi T, Kumazawa F, Fujita KI, Tanaka T. Involvement of Irreversible Vacuolar Membrane Fragmentation in the Lethality of Food Emulsifier Diglycerol Monolaurate against Budding Yeast. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:5650-5656. [PMID: 28671839 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b01580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Diglycerol monolaurate (DGL) has been manufactured as a novel type of food emulsifier and is being considered for further application as a food preservative. DGL lethality was thus examined against Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model of a yeast that causes food spoilage. In spite of its molecular structure as a nonionic surfactant, DGL could exhibit lethality at a concentration lower than that which caused disruptive damage to the yeast plasma membrane. DGL lethality was rather accompanied by a dynamic intracellular event such as a marked vacuolar membrane fragmentation. In DGL-treated cells, the tiny dots or particles of fragmented vacuolar membranes failed to fuse into the original large rounded architecture after its removal from medium, which were distinguished from those generated as a result of vacuolar fission normally accelerated under hyperosmotic conditions. Such an irreversible structural damage of the organelle membrane was considered a cause of DGL lethality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Takeshi Doi
- Taiyo Kagaku Co., 1-3 Takaramachi, Yokkaichi, Mie 510-0844, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Grisin T, Bories C, Loiseau PM, Bouchemal K. Cyclodextrin-mediated self-associating chitosan micro-platelets act as a drug booster against Candida glabrata mucosal infection in immunocompetent mice. Int J Pharm 2017; 519:381-389. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
9
|
Supramolecular Chitosan Micro-Platelets Synergistically Enhance Anti-Candida albicans Activity of Amphotericin B Using an Immunocompetent Murine Model. Pharm Res 2017; 34:1067-1082. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-017-2117-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
10
|
Fujita KI, Ishikura T, Jono Y, Yamaguchi Y, Ogita A, Kubo I, Tanaka T. Anethole potentiates dodecanol's fungicidal activity by reducing PDR5 expression in budding yeast. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1861:477-484. [PMID: 27632201 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND trans-Anethole (anethole), a major component of anise oil, has a broad antimicrobial spectrum and a weaker antimicrobial potency than other available antibiotics. When combined with polygodial, nagilactone E, and n-dodecanol, anethole has been shown to exhibit synergistic antifungal activity against a budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and a human opportunistic pathogenic yeast, Candida albicans. However, the mechanism underlying this synergistic effect of anethole has not been characterized. METHODS We studied this mechanism using dodecanol-treated S. cerevisiae cells and focusing on genes related to multidrug efflux. RESULTS Although dodecanol transiently reduced the number of colony forming units, this recovered to levels similar to those of untreated cells with continued incubation beyond 24h. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed overexpression of an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter gene, PDR5, in addition to a slight increase in PDR11, PDR12, and PDR15 transcriptions in dodecanol-treated cells. In the presence of anethole, these effects were attenuated and the fungicidal activity of dodecanol was extended. Dodecanol showed longer lasting fungicidal activity against a Δpdr5. In addition, Δpdr3 and Δlge1, lack transcription factors of PDR5 and PDR3, were partly and completely susceptible to dodecanol, respectively. Furthermore, combination of anethole with fluconazole was also found to exhibit synergy on C. albicans. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that although anethole reduced the transcription of several transporters, PDR5 expression was particularly relevant to dodecanol efflux. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Anethole is expected to be a promising candidate drug for the inhibition of efflux by reducing the transcription of several ABC transporters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ichi Fujita
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Takayuki Ishikura
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yui Jono
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Japan; Advanced Research Institute for Natural Science and Technology, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akira Ogita
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Japan; Research Center for Urban Health and Sports, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku,Osaka, Japan
| | - Isao Kubo
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Toshio Tanaka
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
The fungicidal activity of amphotericin B requires autophagy-dependent targeting to the vacuole under a nutrient-starved condition in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Microbiology (Reading) 2016; 162:848-854. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
|
12
|
Hamley IW, Kirkham S, Kowalczyk RM, Castelletto V, Reza M, Ruokolainen J. Self-assembly of the anti-fungal polyene amphotericin B into giant helically-twisted nanotapes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:17680-3. [PMID: 26499063 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc08224b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The amphiphilic polyene amphotericin B, a powerful treatment for systemic fungal infections, is shown to exhibit a critical aggregation concentration, and to form giant helically-twisted nanostructures via self-assembly in basic aqueous solution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian William Hamley
- School of Chemistry, Pharmacy and Food Biosciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AD, UK.
| | - Steven Kirkham
- School of Chemistry, Pharmacy and Food Biosciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AD, UK.
| | - Radoslaw M Kowalczyk
- School of Chemistry, Pharmacy and Food Biosciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AD, UK.
| | - Valeria Castelletto
- School of Chemistry, Pharmacy and Food Biosciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AD, UK.
| | - Mehedi Reza
- Dept. of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, P. O. Box 15100, FI-00076, Finland
| | - Janne Ruokolainen
- Dept. of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, P. O. Box 15100, FI-00076, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Trapping toxins within lipid droplets is a resistance mechanism in fungi. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15133. [PMID: 26463663 PMCID: PMC4604559 DOI: 10.1038/srep15133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) act as intracellular storage organelles in most types of cells and are principally involved in energy homeostasis and lipid metabolism. However, the role of LDs in resistance to toxins in fungi remains largely unknown. Here, we show that the trapping of endogenous toxins by LDs is a self-resistance mechanism in the toxin producer, while absorbing external lipophilic toxins is a resistance mechanism in the toxin recipient that acts to quench the production of reactive oxygen species. We found that an endolichenic fungus that generates phototoxic perylenequinones (PQs) trapped the PQs inside LDs. Using a model that incorporates the fungicidal action of hypocrellin A (HA), a PQ derivative, we showed that yeast cells escaped killing by trapping toxins inside LDs. Furthermore, LD-deficient mutants were hypersusceptible to HA-mediated phototoxins and other fungicides. Our study identified a previously unrecognised function of LDs in fungi that has implications for our understanding of environmental adaptation strategies for fungi and antifungal drug discovery.
Collapse
|
14
|
de Ghellinck A, Fragneto G, Laux V, Haertlein M, Jouhet J, Sferrazza M, Wacklin H. Lipid polyunsaturation determines the extent of membrane structural changes induced by Amphotericin B in Pichia pastoris yeast. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2015; 1848:2317-25. [PMID: 26055896 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The activity of the potent but highly toxic antifungal drug Amphotericin B (AmB), used intravenously to treat systemic fungal and parasitic infections, is widely accepted to result from its specific interaction with the fungal sterol ergosterol. While the effect of sterols on AmB activity has been intensely investigated, the role of membrane phospholipid composition has largely been ignored, and structural studies of native membranes have been hampered by their complex and disordered nature. We show for the first time that the structure of fungal membranes derived from Pichia pastoris yeast depends on the degree of lipid polyunsaturation, which has an impact on the structural consequences of AmB activity. AmB inserts in yeast membranes even in the absence of ergosterol, and forms an extra-membraneous layer whose thickness is resolved to be 4-5 nm. In ergosterol-containing membranes, AmB insertion is accompanied by ergosterol extraction into this layer. The AmB-sponge mediated depletion of ergosterol from P. pastoris membranes gives rise to a significant membrane thinning effect that depends on the degree of lipid polyunsaturation. The resulting hydrophobic mismatch is likely to interfere with a much broader range of membrane protein functions than those directly involving ergosterol, and suggests that polyunsaturated lipids could boost the efficiency of AmB. Furthermore, a low degree of lipid polyunsaturation leads to least AmB insertion and may protect host cells against the toxic effects of AmB. These results provide a new framework based on lipid composition and membrane structure through which we can understand its antifungal action and develop better treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis de Ghellinck
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 av des Martyrs, P.O. Box 156, 38000 Grenoble, France; Departement de Physique, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bd du Triomphe CP223, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Giovanna Fragneto
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 av des Martyrs, P.O. Box 156, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Valerie Laux
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 av des Martyrs, P.O. Box 156, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Michael Haertlein
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 av des Martyrs, P.O. Box 156, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Juliette Jouhet
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, CNRS/CEA/Univ. Grenoble Alpes/INRA, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Michele Sferrazza
- Departement de Physique, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bd du Triomphe CP223, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Hanna Wacklin
- European Spallation Source ESS AB, P.O. Box 176, 22100 Lund, Sweden; Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Anderson TM, Clay MC, Cioffi AG, Diaz KA, Hisao GS, Tuttle MD, Nieuwkoop AJ, Comellas G, Maryum N, Wang S, Uno BE, Wildeman EL, Gonen T, Rienstra CM, Burke MD. Amphotericin forms an extramembranous and fungicidal sterol sponge. Nat Chem Biol 2014; 10:400-6. [PMID: 24681535 PMCID: PMC3992202 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.1496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
For over 50 years, amphotericin has remained the powerful but highly toxic last line of defense in treating life-threatening fungal infections in humans with minimal development of microbial resistance. Understanding how this small molecule kills yeast is thus critical for guiding development of derivatives with an improved therapeutic index and other resistance-refractory antimicrobial agents. In the widely accepted ion channel model for its mechanism of cytocidal action, amphotericin forms aggregates inside lipid bilayers that permeabilize and kill cells. In contrast, we report that amphotericin exists primarily in the form of large, extramembranous aggregates that kill yeast by extracting ergosterol from lipid bilayers. These findings reveal that extraction of a polyfunctional lipid underlies the resistance-refractory antimicrobial action of amphotericin and suggests a roadmap for separating its cytocidal and membrane-permeabilizing activities. This new mechanistic understanding is also guiding development of what are to our knowledge the first derivatives of amphotericin that kill yeast but not human cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M. Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Mary C. Clay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Alexander G. Cioffi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Katrina A. Diaz
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Grant S. Hisao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Marcus D. Tuttle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Andrew J. Nieuwkoop
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Gemma Comellas
- Center for Biophysics and Computational Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Nashrah Maryum
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Shu Wang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Brice E. Uno
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Erin L. Wildeman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Tamir Gonen
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Farm Research Campus, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Chad M. Rienstra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Center for Biophysics and Computational Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Martin D. Burke
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
The finding that the antifungal activity of amphotericin B is primarily due to its ability to extract ergosterol from fungal membranes suggests a new rationale for drug design, which should lead to advanced treatments, particularly for invasive fungal infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karl Lohner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Biophysics Division, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Fujita KI, Tatsumi M, Ogita A, Kubo I, Tanaka T. Anethole induces apoptotic cell death accompanied by reactive oxygen species production and DNA fragmentation in Aspergillus fumigatus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEBS J 2014; 281:1304-13. [PMID: 24393541 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
trans-Anethole (anethole), a major component of anise oil, has a broad antimicrobial spectrum, and antimicrobial activity that is weaker than that of other antibiotics on the market. When combined with polygodial, nagilactone E, and n-dodecanol, anethole has been shown to possess significant synergistic antifungal activity against a budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and a human opportunistic pathogenic yeast, Candida albicans. However, the antifungal mechanism of anethole has not been completely determined. We found that anethole stimulated cell death of a human opportunistic pathogenic fungus, Aspergillus fumigatus, in addition to S. cerevisiae. The anethole-induced cell death was accompanied by reactive oxygen species production, metacaspase activation, and DNA fragmentation. Several mutants of S. cerevisiae, in which genes related to the apoptosis-initiating execution signals from mitochondria were deleted, were resistant to anethole. These results suggest that anethole-induced cell death could be explained by oxidative stress-dependent apoptosis via typical mitochondrial death cascades in fungi, including A. fumigatus and S. cerevisiae.
Collapse
|