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Che J, Fang Q, Hu S, Liu B, Wang L, Fang X, Li L, Luo T, Bao B. The Impact of Vp-Porin, an Outer Membrane Protein, on the Biological Characteristics and Virulence of Vibrio Parahaemolyticus. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:485. [PMID: 39056680 PMCID: PMC11273978 DOI: 10.3390/biology13070485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Porins are crucial proteins located in the outer membrane that directly influence antimicrobial resistance mechanisms and virulence in bacteria. In this study, a porin gene (Vp-porin) was cloned in V. parahaemolyticus, and the function of Vp-Porin in biological characteristics and virulence was investigated. The results of sequence analysis showed that Vp-Porin is highly conserved in Vibrio spp., and the predicted 3D structure showed it could form a 20-strand transmembrane β-barrel domian. Membrane permeabilization provides evidence that the membrane integrity of ∆Vp-porin was damaged and the sensitivity to tetracycline, polymyxin B, rifampicin and cephalothin of ∆Vp-porin obviously increased. In addition, loss of Vp-porin damaged motility due to downregulated flagellar synthesis. In addition, ∆Vp-porin exhibited attenuated cytotoxicity to Tetrahymena. The relative survival rate of Tetrahymena infection with ∆Vp-porin was 86%, which is much higher than that with WT (49%). Taken together, the results of this study indicate that Vp-Porin in V. parahaemolyticus plays various roles in biological characteristics in membrane integrity, antimicrobial resistance and motility and contributes to virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyuan Che
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; (J.C.); (L.W.)
| | - Qitong Fang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (Q.F.); (S.H.); (B.L.)
| | - Shaojie Hu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (Q.F.); (S.H.); (B.L.)
| | - Binghong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (Q.F.); (S.H.); (B.L.)
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; (J.C.); (L.W.)
| | - Xiu Fang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Breeding Lateolabrax Japonicus, Fuding 355200, China;
| | - Lekang Li
- Jiujiang Academy of Fishery Sciences, Jiujiang 332000, China;
| | - Tuyan Luo
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Science, Fuzhou 350003, China
| | - Baolong Bao
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (Q.F.); (S.H.); (B.L.)
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Asghar A, Khalid A, Baqar Z, Hussain N, Saleem MZ, Sairash, Rizwan K. An insights into emerging trends to control the threats of antimicrobial resistance (AMR): an address to public health risks. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:72. [PMID: 38252323 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03800-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial agents are used to treat microbial ailments, but increased use of antibiotics and exposure to infections in healthcare facilities and hospitals as well as the excessive and inappropriate use of antibiotics at the society level lead to the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is considered a public health concern and has rendered the treatment of different infections more challenging. The bacterial strains develop resistance against antimicrobial agents by limiting intracellular drug accumulation (increasing efflux or decreasing influx of antibiotics), modification and inactivation of drugs and its targets, enzymatic inhibition, and biofilm formation. However, the driving factors of AMR include the sociocultural and economic circumstances of a country, the use of falsified and substandard medicines, the use of antibiotics in farm animals, and food processing technologies. These factors make AMR one of the major menaces faced by mankind. In order to promote reciprocal learning, this article summarizes the current AMR situation in Pakistan and how it interacts with the health issues related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic aids in illuminating the possible long-term impacts of AMR, which are less immediate but not less severe since their measures and effects are equivalent. Impact on other sectors, including the health industry, the economy, and trade are also discussed. We conclude by summarizing the several approaches that could be used to address this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Asghar
- School of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the Punjab, Quaid-E-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aneeza Khalid
- School of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the Punjab, Quaid-E-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zulqarnain Baqar
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nazim Hussain
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology (CAMB), University of the Punjab, Quaid-E-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Zafar Saleem
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology (CAMB), University of the Punjab, Quaid-E-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sairash
- Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Komal Rizwan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sahiwal, Sahiwal, 57000, Pakistan.
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Lazarus JE, Wang Y, Waldor MK, Hooper DC. Divergent genetic landscapes drive lower levels of AmpC induction and stable de-repression in Serratia marcescens compared to Enterobacter cloacae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2024; 68:e0119323. [PMID: 38084952 PMCID: PMC10777825 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01193-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The chromosomally encoded AmpC beta-lactamase is widely distributed throughout the Enterobacterales. When expressed at high levels through transient induction or stable de-repression, resistance to ceftriaxone, a commonly used antibiotic, can develop. Recent clinical guidance suggests, based on limited evidence, that resistance may be less likely to develop in Serratia marcescens compared to the better-studied Enterobacter cloacae and recommends that ceftriaxone may be used if the clinical isolate tests susceptible. We sought to generate additional data relevant to this recommendation. AmpC de-repression occurs predominantly because of mutation in the ampD peptidoglycan amidohydrolase. We find that, in contrast to E. cloacae, where deletion of ampD results in high-level ceftriaxone resistance (with ceftriaxone MIC = 96 µg/mL), in S. marcescens deletion of two amidohydrolases (ampD and amiD2) is necessary for AmpC de-repression, and the resulting ceftriaxone MIC is 1 µg/mL. Two mechanisms for this difference were identified. We find both a higher relative increase in ampC transcript level in E. cloacae ΔampD compared to S. marcescens ΔampDΔamiD2, as well as higher in vivo efficiency of ceftriaxone hydrolysis by the E. cloacae AmpC enzyme compared to the S. marcescens AmpC enzyme. We also observed higher relative levels of transient AmpC induction in E. cloacae vs S. marcescens when exposed to ceftriaxone. In time-kill curves, this difference translates into the survival of E. cloacae but not S. marcescens at clinically relevant ceftriaxone concentrations. In summary, our findings can explain the decreased propensity for on-treatment ceftriaxone resistance development in S. marcescens, thereby supporting recently issued clinical guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob E. Lazarus
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yin Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew K. Waldor
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David C. Hooper
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Sykes EME, White D, McLaughlin S, Kumar A. Salicylic acids and pathogenic bacteria: new perspectives on an old compound. Can J Microbiol 2024; 70:1-14. [PMID: 37699258 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2023-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Salicylic acids have been used in human and veterinary medicine for their anti-pyretic, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic properties for centuries. A key role of salicylic acid-immune modulation in response to microbial infection-was first recognized during studies of their botanical origin. The effects of salicylic acid on bacterial physiology are diverse. In many cases, they impose selective pressures leading to development of cross-resistance to antimicrobial compounds. Initial characterization of these interactions was in Escherichia coli, where salicylic acid activates the multiple antibiotic resistance (mar) operon, resulting in decreased antibiotic susceptibility. Studies suggest that stimulation of the mar phenotype presents similarly in closely related Enterobacteriaceae. Salicylic acids also affect virulence in many opportunistic pathogens by decreasing their ability to form biofilms and increasing persister cell populations. It is imperative to understand the effects of salicylic acid on bacteria of various origins to illuminate potential links between environmental microbes and their clinically relevant antimicrobial-resistant counterparts. This review provides an update on known effects of salicylic acid and key derivatives on a variety of bacterial pathogens, offers insights to possible potentiation of current treatment options, and highlights cellular regulatory networks that have been established during the study of this important class of medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen M E Sykes
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Dawn White
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Sydney McLaughlin
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Ayush Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Zhou G, Wang Q, Wang Y, Wen X, Peng H, Peng R, Shi Q, Xie X, Li L. Outer Membrane Porins Contribute to Antimicrobial Resistance in Gram-Negative Bacteria. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1690. [PMID: 37512863 PMCID: PMC10385648 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Gram-negative bacteria depend on their cell membranes for survival and environmental adaptation. They contain two membranes, one of which is the outer membrane (OM), which is home to several different outer membrane proteins (Omps). One class of important Omps is porins, which mediate the inflow of nutrients and several antimicrobial drugs. The microorganism's sensitivity to antibiotics, which are predominantly targeted at internal sites, is greatly influenced by the permeability characteristics of porins. In this review, the properties and interactions of five common porins, OmpA, OmpC, OmpF, OmpW, and OmpX, in connection to porin-mediated permeability are outlined. Meanwhile, this review also highlighted the discovered regulatory characteristics and identified molecular mechanisms in antibiotic penetration through porins. Taken together, uncovering porins' functional properties will pave the way to investigate effective agents or approaches that use porins as targets to get rid of resistant gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Yingsi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Xia Wen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Hong Peng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Ruqun Peng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Qingshan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Xiaobao Xie
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Liangqiu Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
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Li LH, Wu CM, Chang CL, Huang HH, Wu CJ, Yang TC. σ P-NagA-L1/L2 Regulatory Circuit Involved in ΔompA299-356-Mediated Increase in β-Lactam Susceptibility in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0279722. [PMID: 36350132 PMCID: PMC9769791 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02797-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OmpA, the most abundant porin in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia KJ, exists as a two-domain structure with an N-terminal domain of β-barrel structure embedded in the outer membrane and a C-terminal domain collocated in the periplasm. KJΔOmpA299-356, an ompA mutant of S. maltophilia KJ with a truncated OmpA devoid of 299 to 356 amino acids (aa), was able to stably embed in the outer membrane. KJΔOmpA299-356 was more susceptible to β-lactams than wild-type KJ. We aimed to elucidate the mechanism underlying the ΔompA299-356-mediated increase in β-lactam susceptibility (abbreviated as "ΔOmpA299-356 phenotype"). KJΔOmpA299-356 displayed a lower ceftazidime (CAZ)-induced β-lactamase activity than KJ. Furthermore, KJ2, a L1/L2 β-lactamases-null mutant, and KJ2ΔOmpA299-356, a KJ2 mutant with truncated OmpA devoid of299 to 356 aa, had comparable β-lactam susceptibility. Both lines of evidence indicate that decreased β-lactamase activity contributes to the ΔOmpA299-356 phenotype. We analyzed the transcriptome results of KJ and KJΔOmpA299-356, focusing on PG homeostasis-associated genes. Among the 36 genes analyzed, the nagA gene was upregulated 4.65-fold in KJΔOmpA299-356. Deletion of the nagA gene from the chromosome of KJΔOmpA299-356 restored β-lactam susceptibility and CAZ-induced β-lactamase activity to wild-type levels, verifying that nagA-upregulation in KJΔOmpA299-356 contributes to the ΔOmpA299-356 phenotype. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis revealed that rpoE (Smlt3555) and rpoP (Smlt3514) were significantly upregulated in KJΔOmpA299-356. The deletion mutant construction, β-lactam susceptibility, and β-lactamase activity analysis demonstrated that σP, but not σE, was involved in the ΔOmpA299-356 phenotype. A real-time quantitative (qRT-PCR) assay confirmed that nagA is a member of the σP regulon. The involvement of the σP-NagA-L1/L2 regulatory circuit in the ΔOmpA299-356 phenotype was manifested. IMPORTANCE Porins of Gram-negative bacteria generally act as channels that allow the entry or extrusion of molecules. Moreover, the structural role of porins in stabilizing the outer membrane by interacting with peptidoglycan (PG) and the outer membrane has been proposed. The linkage between porin deficiency and antibiotic resistance increase has been reported widely, with a rationale for blocking antibiotic influx. In this study, a link between porin defects and β-lactam susceptibility increase was demonstrated. The underlying mechanism revealed that a novel σP-NagA-L1/L2 regulatory circuit is triggered due to the loss of the OmpA-PG interaction. This study extends the understanding on the porin defect and antibiotic susceptibility. Porin defects may cause opposite impacts on antibiotic susceptibility, which is dependent on the involvement of the defect. Blocking the porin channel role can increase antibiotic resistance; in contrast, the loss of porin structure role may increase antibiotic susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hua Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Mu Wu
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lun Chang
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hui Huang
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Jung Wu
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsuey-Ching Yang
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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The Mechanism of Bacterial Resistance and Potential Bacteriostatic Strategies. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11091215. [PMID: 36139994 PMCID: PMC9495013 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11091215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial drug resistance is rapidly developing as one of the greatest threats to human health. Bacteria will adopt corresponding strategies to crack the inhibitory effect of antibiotics according to the antibacterial mechanism of antibiotics, involving the mutation of drug target, secreting hydrolase, and discharging antibiotics out of cells through an efflux pump, etc. In recent years, bacteria are found to constantly evolve new resistance mechanisms to antibiotics, including target protective protein, changes in cell morphology, and so on, endowing them with multiple defense systems against antibiotics, leading to the emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria and the unavailability of drugs in clinics. Correspondingly, researchers attempt to uncover the mystery of bacterial resistance to develop more convenient and effective antibacterial strategies. Although traditional antibiotics still play a significant role in the treatment of diseases caused by sensitive pathogenic bacteria, they gradually lose efficacy in the MDR bacteria. Therefore, highly effective antibacterial compounds, such as phage therapy and CRISPER-Cas precision therapy, are gaining an increasing amount of attention, and are considered to be the treatments with the moist potential with regard to resistance against MDR in the future. In this review, nine identified drug resistance mechanisms are summarized, which enhance the retention rate of bacteria under the action of antibiotics and promote the distribution of drug-resistant bacteria (DRB) in the population. Afterwards, three kinds of potential antibacterial methods are introduced, in which new antibacterial compounds exhibit broad application prospects with different action mechanisms, the phage therapy has been successfully applied to infectious diseases caused by super bacteria, and the CRISPER-Cas precision therapy as a new technology can edit drug-resistant genes in pathogenic bacteria at the gene level, with high accuracy and flexibility. These antibacterial methods will provide more options for clinical treatment, and will greatly alleviate the current drug-resistant crisis.
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Targeting the Holy Triangle of Quorum Sensing, Biofilm Formation, and Antibiotic Resistance in Pathogenic Bacteria. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10061239. [PMID: 35744757 PMCID: PMC9228545 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10061239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic and recurrent bacterial infections are frequently associated with the formation of biofilms on biotic or abiotic materials that are composed of mono- or multi-species cultures of bacteria/fungi embedded in an extracellular matrix produced by the microorganisms. Biofilm formation is, among others, regulated by quorum sensing (QS) which is an interbacterial communication system usually composed of two-component systems (TCSs) of secreted autoinducer compounds that activate signal transduction pathways through interaction with their respective receptors. Embedded in the biofilms, the bacteria are protected from environmental stress stimuli, and they often show reduced responses to antibiotics, making it difficult to eradicate the bacterial infection. Besides reduced penetration of antibiotics through the intricate structure of the biofilms, the sessile biofilm-embedded bacteria show reduced metabolic activity making them intrinsically less sensitive to antibiotics. Moreover, they frequently express elevated levels of efflux pumps that extrude antibiotics, thereby reducing their intracellular levels. Some efflux pumps are involved in the secretion of QS compounds and biofilm-related materials, besides being important for removing toxic substances from the bacteria. Some efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) have been shown to both prevent biofilm formation and sensitize the bacteria to antibiotics, suggesting a relationship between these processes. Additionally, QS inhibitors or quenchers may affect antibiotic susceptibility. Thus, targeting elements that regulate QS and biofilm formation might be a promising approach to combat antibiotic-resistant biofilm-related bacterial infections.
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Jiang Y, Yang S, Deng S, Lu W, Huang Q, Xia Y. Epidemiology and mechanisms of tigecycline- and carbapenem- resistant Enterobacter cloacae in Southwest China: a five-year retrospective study. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2022; 28:161-167. [PMID: 35021124 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence and molecular epidemiology of tigecycline resistance in carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter cloacae (CREC) in mainland China is unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the molecular characteristics and resistance mechanism of tigecycline-resistant CREC (TCREC) in Southwest China. METHODS We conducted a five-year retrospective study. TCREC isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and multilocus sequence typing. We determined the presence of genes, deficiency of outer membrane proteins, and expression of efflux pumps using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). RESULTS We found that a high incidence rate of 21.7% (36/166) of isolates were positive for TCREC. All isolates were resistant to ertapenem whereas 67% remained susceptible to imipenem and meropenem. ST88 (10/36, 27.8%) was predominant and associated with moderate resistance to tigecycline and high resistance to carbapenems, followed by ST256 (3/36, 8.3%), ST78 (2/36, 5.6%), ST577 (2/36, 5.6%), and ST102 (2/36, 5.6%). blaNDM-1 (6/36, 16.6%) carriers was the most common carbapenemase gene and ST88 (5/6, 83.3%) was the most common type, followed by blaIMP-8 (n=3/36, 8.3%). Coexistence of extensive-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes and outer membrane protein OmpF and/or OmpC loss were found in 27 out of 36 isolates, in addition, increased co-expression of efflux pump genes acrB and oqxA was identified in 25 out of 36 isolates, which may together contribute to co-resistance to carbapenem and tigecycline. CONCLUSION Most ST88 strains carried carbapenemases, especially New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase 1 (NDM-1). Overexpression of efflux pumps contributed to tigecycline resistance. The presence of carbapenemase and/or ESBL genes and lack of outer membrane proteins, but not overexpression of efflux pumps, may confer carbapenem resistance. Reasonable supervision and management the epidemic of TCREC will help to stem the transmission of the isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuansu Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Daping Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuangshuang Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shaoli Deng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Daping Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weiping Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Daping Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qing Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Daping Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Yun Xia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Bystritskaya E, Chernysheva N, Stenkova A, Guzev K, Rakin A, Isaeva M. Differential Expression of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis General Porin Genes during Short- and Long-Term Antibiotic Stresses. Molecules 2021; 26:3956. [PMID: 34203552 PMCID: PMC8272246 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we investigated general porin regulation in Yersinia pseudotuberculosis 488, the causative agent of Far Eastern scarlet-like fever, in response to sublethal concentrations of antibiotics. We chose four antibiotics of different classes and measured gene expression using qRT-PCR and GFP reporter systems. Our data showed temporal regulation of the general porin genes ompF and ompC caused by antibiotic stress. The porin transcription initially decreased, providing early defensive response of the bacterium, while it returned to that of the untreated cells on prolonged antibiotic exposure. Unlike the major porin genes, the transcription of the alternative porin genes ompX and lamB was increased. Moreover, a short-term ompR- and marA-mediated porin regulation was observed. The main finding was a phenotypic heterogeneity of Y. pseudotuberculosis population manifested in variable porin gene expression under carbenicillin exposure. This may offer adaptive fitness advantages for a particular bacterial subpopulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniya Bystritskaya
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 159, Pr. 100 Let Vladivostoku, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (E.B.); (N.C.); (K.G.)
| | - Nadezhda Chernysheva
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 159, Pr. 100 Let Vladivostoku, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (E.B.); (N.C.); (K.G.)
| | - Anna Stenkova
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 8 Sukhanova St., 690090 Vladivostok, Russia;
| | - Konstantin Guzev
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 159, Pr. 100 Let Vladivostoku, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (E.B.); (N.C.); (K.G.)
| | - Alexander Rakin
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute for Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Str. 96a, D-07743 Jena, Germany;
| | - Marina Isaeva
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 159, Pr. 100 Let Vladivostoku, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (E.B.); (N.C.); (K.G.)
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 8 Sukhanova St., 690090 Vladivostok, Russia;
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11
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Lima PG, Oliveira JTA, Amaral JL, Freitas CDT, Souza PFN. Synthetic antimicrobial peptides: Characteristics, design, and potential as alternative molecules to overcome microbial resistance. Life Sci 2021; 278:119647. [PMID: 34043990 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the dramatic emergence of antimicrobial resistance has received attention from World Health Organization. Synthetic antimicrobial peptides (SAMPs) are considered new weapons to fight against infections caused by multi-drug resistant pathogens. Here, the authors provide an overview of the current research on SAMPs. The focus is SAMPs, how to design them, which features must be considered during design, and comparison with natural peptides. This review also includes a discussion about the natural AMPs, mechanisms of action and applications as new drugs or even as adjuvants molecules to enhance commercial drugs activity. The advances in chemical synthesis have reduced the cost to produce synthetic peptides open ways to achieve new antimicrobial agents. Therefore, synthetic peptides are new promising molecules to safeguard human and animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia G Lima
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, CEP 60.440-554 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Jose T A Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, CEP 60.440-554 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Jackson L Amaral
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, CEP 60.440-554 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Cleverson D T Freitas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, CEP 60.440-554 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Pedro F N Souza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, CEP 60.440-554 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
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12
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Easwaran M, De Zoysa M, Shin HJ. Application of phage therapy: Synergistic effect of phage EcSw (ΦEcSw) and antibiotic combination towards antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 67:2809-2817. [PMID: 32453904 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bacteriophage therapy is acknowledged as a potential tool to prevent or treat multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. In this study, our major focus was on the bacteriolytic activity of phage EcSw (ΦEcSw) against the emergence of the clinically important Escherichia coli Sw1 and E. coli O157:H7. The amount of the antibiotics was changed in a concentration-dependent manner, and the ΦEcSw susceptibility to antibiotics was determined. The kanamycin and chloramphenicol inhibited the titre of phage, but ampicillin did not show phage inhibition. Though the kanamycin and chloramphenicol controlled the growth of Sw1 in a concentration-dependent manner, the ampicillin did not due to the resistance. The combined activity of the ΦEcSw with antibiotics (kanamycin and chloramphenicol) compared with the antibiotics alone showed significant lytic activity p < .001). In addition, phage-based therapy was evaluated for controlling the multidrug-resistant E. coli Sw1 and E. coli O157:H7 in zebrafish and BALB/c mice, respectively. Our results provide novel advantages of phage therapy and phage-antibiotic therapy to control antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maheswaran Easwaran
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Mahanama De Zoysa
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
- Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Shin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
- Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
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13
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Gangadharappa BS, Rajashekarappa S, Sathe G. Proteomic profiling of Serratia marcescens by high-resolution mass spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 10:123-135. [PMID: 32363156 PMCID: PMC7186543 DOI: 10.34172/bi.2020.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Serratia marcescens, an opportunistic human pathogen, is reported as an important cause of nosocomial infection and outbreaks. Although the genome of S. marcescens (ATCC 13880) was completely sequenced by 2014, there are no studies on the proteomic profile of the organism. The objective of the present study is to analyze the protein profile of S. marcescens (ATCC 13880) using a high resolution mass spectrometry (MS). Methods: Serratia marcescens ATCC 13880 strain was grown in Luria-Bertani broth and the protein extracted was subjected to trypsin digestion, followed by basic reverse phase liquid chromatography fractionation. The peptide fractions were then analysed using Orbitrap Fusion Mass Spectrometry and the raw MS data were processed in Proteome Discoverer software. Results: The proteomic analysis identified 15 009 unique peptides mapping to 2541 unique protein groups, which corresponds to approximately 54% of the computationally predicted protein-coding genes. Bioinformatic analysis of these identified proteins showed their involvement in biological processes such as cell wall organization, chaperone-mediated protein folding and ATP binding. Pathway analysis revealed that some of these proteins are associated with bacterial chemotaxis and beta-lactam resistance pathway. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first high-throughput proteomics study of S. marcescens (ATCC 13880). These novel observations provide a crucial baseline molecular profile of the S. marcescens proteome which will prove to be helpful for the future research in understanding the host-pathogen interactions during infection, elucidating the mechanism of multidrug resistance, and developing novel diagnostic markers or vaccine for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavya Somalapura Gangadharappa
- Department of Biotechnology, M.S. Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru-560054, Karnataka, India.,Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi-590018, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Gajanan Sathe
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore-560066, Karnataka, India.,Center for Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore-560029, Karnataka, India
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14
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The Importance of Porins and β-Lactamase in Outer Membrane Vesicles on the Hydrolysis of β-Lactam Antibiotics. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082822. [PMID: 32316670 PMCID: PMC7215730 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gram-negative bacteria have an outer membrane inhibiting the entry of antibiotics. Porins, found within the outer membrane, are involved in regulating the permeability of β-lactam antibiotics. β-lactamases are enzymes that are able to inactivate the antibacterial properties of β-lactam antibiotics. Interestingly, porins and β-lactamase are found in outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) of β-lactam-resistant Escherichia coli and may be involved in the survival of susceptible strains of E. coli in the presence of antibiotics, through the hydrolysis of the β-lactam antibiotic. In this study, OMVs isolated from β-lactam-resistant E. coli and from mutants, lacking porin or β-lactamase, were evaluated to establish if the porins or β-lactamase in OMVs were involved in the degradation of β-lactam antibiotics. OMVs isolated from E. coli deficient in β-lactamase did not show any degradation ability against β-lactam antibiotics, while OMVs lacking OmpC or OmpF showed significantly lower levels of hydrolyzing activity than OMVs from parent E. coli. These data reveal an important role of OMVs in bacterial defense mechanisms demonstrating that the OmpC and OmpF proteins allow permeation of β-lactam antibiotics into the lumen of OMVs, and antibiotics that enter the OMVs can be degraded by β-lactamase.
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15
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Šket T, Ramuta TŽ, Starčič Erjavec M, Kreft ME. Different Effects Of Amniotic Membrane Homogenate On The Growth Of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus And Serratia marcescens. Infect Drug Resist 2019; 12:3365-3375. [PMID: 31754306 PMCID: PMC6825476 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s215006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Due to the emergence and spread of bacterial strains resistant to antibiotics, the development of new antimicrobials is imperative. The antimicrobial effect of the amniotic membrane (AM) has been explored to a limited extent so far. MATERIALS AND METHODS We collected 12 biological samples of AM homogenates and tested their antimicrobial effect on 4 pathogens, including the clinical strain of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), the wild-type strain of Staphylococcus aureus, and the wild-type strain and a clinical strain of Serratia marcescens. To quantify the antibacterial effect of AM, we monitored the effect of AM homogenate on bacterial growth using plate count method and agar diffusion method. Additionally, minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for AM homogenate dilutions were determined and S. marcescens growth in AM homogenate alone was evaluated. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that AM homogenate had a bacteriostatic effect on studied UPEC and S. aureus. Interestingly, when used in lower concentrations, the AM homogenate had a bactericidal effect on both strains. In contrast, S. marcescens was completely resistant to the growth-inhibitory substances of AM homogenate. Its growth was slightly accelerated in liquid culture medium in the presence of AM homogenate and the strain was able to grow in undiluted, 2-fold and 4-fold diluted AM homogenate. CONCLUSION Obtained results illustrated that AM homogenate could be a candidate for treatments and prevention of UPEC and S. aureus infections, but not that of S. marcescens, whose growth is enhanced by AM homogenate. Moreover, the established liquid culture medium assay can be used as a time- and cost-effective method for a personalized evaluation of drug effect on the growth of chosen bacterial strains with parallel testing of resistance or susceptibility to multiple drugs. The susceptibility of bacteria to AM homogenate in solid and liquid culture media is encouraging for its use in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Šket
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Taja Železnik Ramuta
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Mateja Erdani Kreft
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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16
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Kanonenberg K, Royes J, Kedrov A, Poschmann G, Angius F, Solgadi A, Spitz O, Kleinschrodt D, Stühler K, Miroux B, Schmitt L. Shaping the lipid composition of bacterial membranes for membrane protein production. Microb Cell Fact 2019; 18:131. [PMID: 31400768 PMCID: PMC6689329 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-019-1182-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The overexpression and purification of membrane proteins is a bottleneck in biotechnology and structural biology. E. coli remains the host of choice for membrane protein production. To date, most of the efforts have focused on genetically tuning of expression systems and shaping membrane composition to improve membrane protein production remained largely unexplored. Results In E. coli C41(DE3) strain, we deleted two transporters involved in fatty acid metabolism (OmpF and AcrB), which are also recalcitrant contaminants crystallizing even at low concentration. Engineered expression hosts presented an enhanced fitness and improved folding of target membrane proteins, which correlated with an altered membrane fluidity. We demonstrated the scope of this approach by overproducing several membrane proteins (4 different ABC transporters, YidC and SecYEG). Conclusions In summary, E. coli membrane engineering unprecedentedly increases the quality and yield of membrane protein preparations. This strategy opens a new field for membrane protein production, complementary to gene expression tuning. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12934-019-1182-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Kanonenberg
- Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany.,CNRS, UMR5086 "Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry", Université de Lyon, 7 Passage du vercors, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - Jorge Royes
- Laboratoire de Biologie Physico-Chimique des Protéines Membranaires, UMR7099, CNRS, IBPC, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Alexej Kedrov
- Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Gereon Poschmann
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, Biologisch Medizinisches Forschungszentrum (BMFZ), Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Federica Angius
- Laboratoire de Biologie Physico-Chimique des Protéines Membranaires, UMR7099, CNRS, IBPC, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005, Paris, France.,Department of Microbiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Audrey Solgadi
- Institut Paris Saclay d'Innovation Thérapeutique, INSERM, CNRS, - Plateforme SAMM, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Olivia Spitz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Diana Kleinschrodt
- Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Kai Stühler
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, Biologisch Medizinisches Forschungszentrum (BMFZ), Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Bruno Miroux
- Laboratoire de Biologie Physico-Chimique des Protéines Membranaires, UMR7099, CNRS, IBPC, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Lutz Schmitt
- Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany.
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17
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Choi U, Lee CR. Distinct Roles of Outer Membrane Porins in Antibiotic Resistance and Membrane Integrity in Escherichia coli. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:953. [PMID: 31114568 PMCID: PMC6503746 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A defining characteristic of Gram-negative bacteria is the presence of an outer membrane, which functions as an additional barrier inhibiting the penetration of toxic chemicals, such as antibiotics. Porins are outer membrane proteins associated with the modulation of cellular permeability and antibiotic resistance. Although there are numerous studies regarding porins, a systematic approach about the roles of porins in bacterial physiology and antibiotic resistance does not exist yet. In this study, we constructed mutants of all porins in Escherichia coli and examined the effect of porins on antibiotic resistance and membrane integrity. The OmpF-defective mutant was resistant to several antibiotics including β-lactams, suggesting that OmpF functions as the main route of outer membrane penetration for many antibiotics. In contrast, OmpA was strongly associated with the maintenance of membrane integrity, which resulted in the increased susceptibility of the ompA mutant to many antibiotics. Notably, OmpC was involved in both the roles. Additionally, our systematic analyses revealed that other porins were not involved in the maintenance of membrane integrity, but several porins played a major or minor role in the outer membrane penetration for a few antibiotics. Collectively, these results show that each porin plays a distinct role in antibiotic resistance and membrane integrity, which could improve our understanding of the physiological function and clinical importance of porins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umji Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioinformatics, Myongji University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Chang-Ro Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioinformatics, Myongji University, Yongin, South Korea
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18
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Evaluation of Acquired Antibiotic Resistance in Escherichia coli Exposed to Long-Term Low-Shear Modeled Microgravity and Background Antibiotic Exposure. mBio 2019; 10:mBio.02637-18. [PMID: 30647159 PMCID: PMC6336426 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02637-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress factors experienced during space include microgravity, sleep deprivation, radiation, isolation, and microbial contamination, all of which can promote immune suppression (1, 2). Under these conditions, the risk of infection from opportunistic pathogens increases significantly, particularly during long-term missions (3). If infection occurs, it is important that the infectious agent should not be antibiotic resistant. Minimizing the occurrence of antibiotic resistance is, therefore, highly desirable. To facilitate this, it is important to better understand the long-term response of bacteria to the microgravity environment. This study demonstrated that the use of antibiotics as a preventive measure could be counterproductive and would likely result in persistent resistance to that antibiotic. In addition, unintended resistance to other antimicrobials might also occur as well as permanent genome changes that might have other unanticipated and undesirable consequences. The long-term response of microbial communities to the microgravity environment of space is not yet fully understood. Of special interest is the possibility that members of these communities may acquire antibiotic resistance. In this study, Escherichia coli cells were grown under low-shear modeled microgravity (LSMMG) conditions for over 1,000 generations (1000G) using chloramphenicol treatment between cycles to prevent contamination. The results were compared with data from an earlier control study done under identical conditions using steam sterilization between cycles rather than chloramphenicol. The sensitivity of the final 1000G-adapted strain to a variety of antibiotics was determined using Vitek analysis. In addition to resistance to chloramphenicol, the adapted strain acquired resistance to cefalotin, cefuroxime, cefuroxime axetil, cefoxitin, and tetracycline. In fact, the resistance to chloramphenicol and cefalotin persisted for over 110 generations despite the removal of both LSMMG conditions and trace antibiotic exposure. Genome sequencing of the adapted strain revealed 22 major changes, including 3 transposon-mediated rearrangements (TMRs). Two TMRs disrupted coding genes (involved in bacterial adhesion), while the third resulted in the deletion of an entire segment (14,314 bp) of the genome, which includes 14 genes involved with motility and chemotaxis. These results are in stark contrast with data from our earlier control study in which cells grown under the identical conditions without antibiotic exposure never acquired antibiotic resistance. Overall, LSMMG does not appear to alter the antibiotic stress resistance seen in microbial ecosystems not exposed to microgravity.
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19
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Yao Z, Sun L, Wang Y, Lin L, Guo Z, Li D, Lin W, Lin X. Quantitative Proteomics Reveals Antibiotics Resistance Function of Outer Membrane Proteins in Aeromonas hydrophila. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:390. [PMID: 30460208 PMCID: PMC6232253 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Outer membrane proteins (OMPs) play essential roles in antibiotic resistance, particularly in Gram-negative bacteria; however, they still have many unidentified functions regarding their behavior in response to antibiotic stress. In the current work, quantitative tandem mass tag labeling-based mass spectrometry was used to compare the outer membrane related proteins between an oxytetracycline-resistant (OXY-R) and its original control stain (OXY-O) in Aeromonas hydrophila. Consequently, a total of 261 commonly altered proteins in two biological repeats were identified including 29 proteins that increased and 28 that decreased. Gene ontology analysis showed that the expression of transport proteins was significantly reduced, and translation-related proteins were downregulated in the OXY-R strain. After using western blotting to validate selected altered proteins, eight OMP-related genes were knocked out and their roles in antibiotic resistance were further evaluated. The survival assays showed that some mutants such as ΔAHA_4281, ΔAHA_2766, ΔAHA_2282, ΔAHA_1181, and ΔAHA_1280 affected the susceptibility of A. hydrophila to antimicrobials. Moreover, the minimum inhibitory concentration assay showed that these candidate mutants also respond differently to other types of antibiotics. Our results reveal several novel outer membrane related proteins of A. hydrophila that play important roles in antibiotic resistance, and as such, may be helpful for screening studies to identify novel drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zujie Yao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
| | - Lina Sun
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuqian Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ling Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhuang Guo
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dong Li
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Wenxiong Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiangmin Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, China
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20
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Hayakawa S, Kawamura M, Sato T, Hirano T, Kikuchi T, Watanabe A, Fujimura S. An α-Lipoic acid derivative, and anti-ROS agent, prevents the acquisition of multi-drug resistance in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Infect Chemother 2018; 25:28-33. [PMID: 30396822 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most common causes of nosocomial infections, and its multi-drug resistance has been a serious problem worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether exposure to piperacillin and reactive oxygen species (ROS) could lead to multi-drug resistance for clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa. The inhibition of this acquired resistance by the anti-ROS agent was also examined. In vitro inducement of multi-drug resistance was performed against 20 clinical isolates. These strains were incubated for 24 h and transferred 5 times after being exposed to 1 mM H2O2 (ROS) in addition to a sub-MIC of piperacillin by the agar dilution method. Each MIC of piperacillin and levofloxacin was determined. As the mechanism of levofloxacin resistance, mutation of QRDR was investigated. The expression level of genes encoding efflux pumps; mexA, mexY, mexC, and D2 porin; oprD were determined by real-time PCR. Multi-resistance to both piperacillin and levofloxacin was induced with 4 of 20 strains (20%). No amino acid change was confirmed in QRDR. These strains showed overexpression of mexA, mexY, mexC, and another one showed decrease of oprD expression. Resistance development in 4 strains was inhibited by the same method including the anti-ROS agent, sodium zinc histidine dithiooctanamide (DHL-His-Zn). In conclusion, stimulation by ROS promoted acquisition of multi-drug resistance in 20% of isolates of P. aeruginosa, and DHL-His-Zn completely inhibited this acquisition of resistance. Therefore, this anti-ROS agent may be useful to assist antimicrobial chemotherapy by preventing multi-drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Hayakawa
- Division of Clinical Infectious Disease & Chemotherapy, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masato Kawamura
- Division of Clinical Infectious Disease & Chemotherapy, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takumi Sato
- Division of Clinical Infectious Disease & Chemotherapy, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, Japan
| | - Taizou Hirano
- Department of Respiratory, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Kikuchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Akira Watanabe
- Research Division for Development of Anti-infective Agents, Faculty of Medical Science and Welfare, Tohoku Bunka Gakuen University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shigeru Fujimura
- Division of Clinical Infectious Disease & Chemotherapy, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, Japan.
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21
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Lázaro-Perona F, Sotillo A, Troyano-Hernáez P, Gómez-Gil R, de la Vega-Bueno Á, Mingorance J. Genomic path to pandrug resistance in a clinical isolate of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2018; 52:713-718. [PMID: 30144503 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae have spread globally throughout tertiary hospitals. Many Carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae clinical isolates are multidrug-resistant (MDR) and may become eventually pandrug-resistant (PDR). Here we present the closed genome of a PDR VIM-1-producing K. pneumoniae strain (KP1050) obtained in a tertiary hospital. The isolate belonged to sequence type 54 (ST54) and had five extrachromosomal elements (four plasmids and a circular phage genome). Most of the antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) were located in two clusters borne by two of the plasmids, comprising a class 1 integron that contained up to 14 ARGs including a VIM-1 metallo-β-lactamase gene, and an IS26 transposon that contained a mobile element from Acinetobacter baumannii encoding the amikacin resistance gene aac(6')-Ian. A MDR isolate obtained 6 years previously was identified (KP1048) retrospectively and was sequenced. Comparison of the two genomes showed that chromosomal mutations in outer membrane porins as well as mutations in the ramR and phoQ genes contributed to increase the resistance spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Lázaro-Perona
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPaz, Paseo de La Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alma Sotillo
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPaz, Paseo de La Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Troyano-Hernáez
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPaz, Paseo de La Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Gómez-Gil
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPaz, Paseo de La Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángela de la Vega-Bueno
- Servicio de Hepatología y Trasplante Hepático Infantil, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo de La Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Mingorance
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPaz, Paseo de La Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain.
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22
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Petsong K, Uddin MJ, Vongkamjan K, Ahn J. Combined effect of bacteriophage and antibiotic on the inhibition of the development of antibiotic resistance in Salmonella typhimurium. Food Sci Biotechnol 2018; 27:1239-1244. [PMID: 30263855 PMCID: PMC6085247 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-018-0351-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the combined effects of bacteriophage and antibiotic on the reduction of the development of antibiotic-resistance in Salmonella typhimurium LT2. The susceptibilities of S. typhimurium to ciprofloxacin and erythromycin were increased when treated with bacteriophages, showing more than 10% increase in clear zone sizes and greater than twofold decrease in minimum inhibitory concentration values. The growth of S. typhimurium was effectively inhibited by the combination of bacteriophage P22 and ciprofloxacin. The combination treatment effectively reduced the development of antibiotic resistance in S. typhimurium. The relative expression levels of efflux pump-related genes (acrA, acrB, and tolC) and outer membrane-related genes (ompC, ompD, and ompF) were decreased at all treatments. This study provides useful information for designing new antibiotic therapy to control antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kantiya Petsong
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112 Thailand
| | - Md Jalal Uddin
- Department of Medical Biomaterials Engineering and Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Kitiya Vongkamjan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112 Thailand
| | - Juhee Ahn
- Department of Medical Biomaterials Engineering and Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341 Republic of Korea
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23
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Zhang CZ, Chang MX, Yang L, Liu YY, Chen PX, Jiang HX. Upregulation of AcrEF in Quinolone Resistance Development inEscherichia coliWhen AcrAB-TolC Function Is Impaired. Microb Drug Resist 2018; 24:18-23. [DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2016.0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Zhen Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University (SCAU), Guangzhou, China
| | - Man-Xia Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University (SCAU), Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University (SCAU), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Yan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University (SCAU), Guangzhou, China
| | - Pin-Xian Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University (SCAU), Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Xia Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University (SCAU), Guangzhou, China
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24
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Majewski P, Wieczorek P, Ojdana D, Sieńko A, Kowalczuk O, Sacha P, Nikliński J, Tryniszewska E. Altered Outer Membrane Transcriptome Balance with AmpC Overexpression in Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacter cloacae. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:2054. [PMID: 28066375 PMCID: PMC5179509 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.02054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing incidence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria is an emerging challenge in modern medicine. The utility of carbapenems, considered “last-line” agents in therapy of infections caused by MDR pathogens, is being diminished by the growing incidence of various resistance mechanisms. Enterobacter cloacae have lately begun to emerge as an important pathogen prone to exhibiting multiple drug resistance. We aimed to investigate the molecular basis of carbapenem-resistance in 44 E. cloacae clinical strains resistant to at least one carbapenem, and 21 susceptible strains. Molecular investigation of 65 E. cloacae clinical strains was based on quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) allowing for amplification of ampC, ompF, and ompC transcripts, and analysis of nucleotide sequences of alleles included in MLST scheme. Co-operation of three distinct carbapenem resistance mechanisms has been reported—production of OXA-48 (5%), AmpC overproduction (97.7%), and alterations in outer membrane (OM) transcriptome balance. Carbapenem-resistant E. cloacae were characterized by (1.) downregulation of ompF gene (53.4%), which encodes protein with extensive transmembrane channels, and (2.) the polarization of OM transcriptome-balance (79.1%), which was sloped toward ompC gene, encoding proteins recently reported to possess restrictive transmembrane channels. Subpopulations of carbapenem-susceptible strains showed relatively high degrees of sequence diversity without predominant types. ST-89 clearly dominates among carbapenem-resistant strains (88.6%) suggesting clonal spread of resistant strains. The growing prevalence of pathogens resistant to all currently available antimicrobial agents heralds the potential risk of a future “post-antibiotic era.” Great efforts need to be taken to explore the background of resistance to “last resort” antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Majewski
- Department of Microbiological Diagnostics and Infectious Immunology, Medical University of Bialystok Bialystok, Poland
| | - Piotr Wieczorek
- Department of Microbiological Diagnostics and Infectious Immunology, Medical University of Bialystok Bialystok, Poland
| | - Dominika Ojdana
- Department of Microbiological Diagnostics and Infectious Immunology, Medical University of Bialystok Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Sieńko
- Department of Microbiological Diagnostics and Infectious Immunology, Medical University of Bialystok Bialystok, Poland
| | - Oksana Kowalczuk
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Medical University of Bialystok Bialystok, Poland
| | - Paweł Sacha
- Department of Microbiological Diagnostics and Infectious Immunology, Medical University of Bialystok Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jacek Nikliński
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Medical University of Bialystok Bialystok, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Tryniszewska
- Department of Microbiological Diagnostics and Infectious Immunology, Medical University of Bialystok Bialystok, Poland
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25
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Abstract
Serratia marcescens ATCC 13880 is the type strain of the species and a commonly used quality control strain. Here, we present the annotated genome assembly of 5.13 Mbp (59.8% G+C content) as submitted to NCBI under accession no. JOVM00000000.
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