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Merz M, Schiffer CJ, Klingl A, Ehrmann MA. Characterization of the major autolysin (AtlC) of Staphylococcus carnosus. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:77. [PMID: 38459514 PMCID: PMC10921637 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03231-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autolysis by cellular peptidoglycan hydrolases (PGH) is a well-known phenomenon in bacteria. During food fermentation, autolysis of starter cultures can exert an accelerating effect, as described in many studies on cheese ripening. In contrast, very little is known about autolysis of starter cultures used in other fermentations. Staphylococcus (S.) carnosus is often used in raw sausage fermentations, contributing to nitrate reduction and flavor formation. In this study, we analyzed the influence of PGHs of the strains S. carnosus TMW 2.146 and S. carnosus TMW 2.2525 on their autolytic behavior. The staphylococcal major autolysin (Atl), a bifunctional enzyme with an N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase and a glucosaminidase as an active site, is assumed to be the enzyme by which autolysis is mainly mediated. RESULTS AtlC mutant strains showed impaired growth and almost no autolysis compared to their respective wild-type strains. Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy showed that the mutants could no longer appropriately separate from each other during cell division, resulting in the formation of cell clusters. The surface of the mutants appeared rough with an irregular morphology compared to the smooth cell surfaces of the wild-types. Moreover, zymograms showed that eight lytic bands of S. carnosus, with a molecular mass between 140 and 35 kDa, are processed intermediates of AtlC. It was noticed that additional bands were found that had not been described in detail before and that the banding pattern changes over time. Some bands disappear entirely, while others become stronger or are newly formed. This suggests that AtlC is degraded into smaller fragments over time. A second knockout was generated for the gene encoding a N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase domain-containing protein. Still, no phenotypic differences could be detected in this mutant compared to the wild-type, implying that the autolytic activity of S. carnosus is mediated by AtlC. CONCLUSIONS In this study, two knockout mutants of S. carnosus were generated. The atlC mutant showed a significantly altered phenotype compared to the wild-type, revealing AtlC as a key factor in staphylococcal autolysis. Furthermore, we show that Atl is degraded into smaller fragments, which are still cell wall lytic active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Merz
- Chair of Microbiology, Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 4, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Carolin J Schiffer
- Chair of Microbiology, Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 4, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Andreas Klingl
- Plant Development, Department Biology I - Botany, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Str. 2-4, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Matthias A Ehrmann
- Chair of Microbiology, Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 4, 85354, Freising, Germany.
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2
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Sharan M, Vijay D, Dhaka P, Bedi JS, Gill JPS. Biofilms as a microbial hazard in the food industry: A scoping review. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:2210-2234. [PMID: 35945912 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Biofilms pose a serious public health hazard with a significant economic impact on the food industry. The present scoping review is designed to analyze the literature published during 2001-2020 on biofilm formation of microbes, their detection methods, and association with antimicrobial resistance (if any). The peer-reviewed articles retrieved from 04 electronic databases were assessed using PRISMA-ScR guidelines. From the 978 preliminary search results, a total of 88 publications were included in the study. On analysis, the commonly isolated pathogens were Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Vibrio spp., Campylobacter jejuni and Clostridium perfringens. The biofilm-forming ability of microbes was found to be influenced by various factors such as attachment surfaces, temperature, presence of other species, nutrient availability etc. A total of 18 studies characterized the biofilm-forming genes, particularly for S. aureus, Salmonella spp., and E. coli. In most studies, polystyrene plate and/or stainless-steel coupons were used for biofilm formation, and the detection was carried out by crystal violet assays and/or by plate counting method. The strain-specific significant differences in biofilm formation were observed in many studies, and few studies carried out analysis of multi-species biofilms. The association between biofilm formation and antimicrobial resistance wasn't clearly defined. Further, viable but non-culturable (VBNC) form of the foodborne pathogens is posing an unseen (by conventional cultivation techniques) but potent threat food safety. The present review recommends the need for carrying out systematic surveys and risk analysis of biofilms in food chain to highlight the evidence-based public health concerns, especially in regions where microbiological food hazards are quite prevalent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjeet Sharan
- Centre for One Health, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Deepthi Vijay
- Centre for One Health, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India.,Present Address: Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Kerala, India
| | - Pankaj Dhaka
- Centre for One Health, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Jasbir Singh Bedi
- Centre for One Health, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Jatinder Paul Singh Gill
- Centre for One Health, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India
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3
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Bacterial heteroresistance: an evolving novel way to combat antibiotics. Biologia (Bratisl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-021-00820-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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4
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Cole K, Atkins B, Llewelyn M, Paul J. Genomic investigation of clinically significant coagulase-negative staphylococci. J Med Microbiol 2021; 70. [PMID: 33704043 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Coagulase-negative staphylococci have been recognized both as emerging pathogens and contaminants of clinical samples. High-resolution genomic investigation may provide insights into their clinical significance.Aims. To review the literature regarding coagulase-negative staphylococcal infection and the utility of genomic methods to aid diagnosis and management, and to identify promising areas for future research.Methodology. We searched Google Scholar with the terms (Staphylococcus) AND (sequencing OR (infection)). We prioritized papers that addressed coagulase-negative staphylococci, genomic analysis, or infection.Results. A number of studies have investigated specimen-related, phenotypic and genetic factors associated with colonization, infection and virulence, but diagnosis remains problematic.Conclusion. Genomic investigation provides insights into the genetic diversity and natural history of colonization and infection. Such information allows the development of new methodologies to identify and compare relatedness and predict antimicrobial resistance. Future clinical studies that employ suitable sampling frames coupled with the application of high-resolution whole-genome sequencing may aid the development of more discriminatory diagnostic approaches to coagulase-staphylococcal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Cole
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK.,Public Health England Collaborating Centre, Royal Sussex County Hospital, Brighton, UK
| | | | - Martin Llewelyn
- Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, UK.,Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - John Paul
- Public Health England Collaborating Centre, Royal Sussex County Hospital, Brighton, UK.,Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
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5
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Lee JYH, Monk IR, Gonçalves da Silva A, Seemann T, Chua KYL, Kearns A, Hill R, Woodford N, Bartels MD, Strommenger B, Laurent F, Dodémont M, Deplano A, Patel R, Larsen AR, Korman TM, Stinear TP, Howden BP. Global spread of three multidrug-resistant lineages of Staphylococcus epidermidis. Nat Microbiol 2018; 3:1175-1185. [PMID: 30177740 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-018-0230-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus epidermidis is a conspicuous member of the human microbiome, widely present on healthy skin. Here we show that S. epidermidis has also evolved to become a formidable nosocomial pathogen. Using genomics, we reveal that three multidrug-resistant, hospital-adapted lineages of S. epidermidis (two ST2 and one ST23) have emerged in recent decades and spread globally. These lineages are resistant to rifampicin through acquisition of specific rpoB mutations that have become fixed in the populations. Analysis of isolates from 96 institutions in 24 countries identified dual D471E and I527M RpoB substitutions to be the most common cause of rifampicin resistance in S. epidermidis, accounting for 86.6% of mutations. Furthermore, we reveal that the D471E and I527M combination occurs almost exclusively in isolates from the ST2 and ST23 lineages. By breaching lineage-specific DNA methylation restriction modification barriers and then performing site-specific mutagenesis, we show that these rpoB mutations not only confer rifampicin resistance, but also reduce susceptibility to the last-line glycopeptide antibiotics, vancomycin and teicoplanin. Our study has uncovered the previously unrecognized international spread of a near pan-drug-resistant opportunistic pathogen, identifiable by a rifampicin-resistant phenotype. It is possible that hospital practices, such as antibiotic monotherapy utilizing rifampicin-impregnated medical devices, have driven the evolution of this organism, once trivialized as a contaminant, towards potentially incurable infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Y H Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ian R Monk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anders Gonçalves da Silva
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia.,Doherty Applied Microbial Genomics, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Torsten Seemann
- Doherty Applied Microbial Genomics, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia.,Melbourne Bioinformatics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kyra Y L Chua
- Department of Microbiology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Angela Kearns
- AMRHAI Reference Unit, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - Robert Hill
- AMRHAI Reference Unit, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - Neil Woodford
- AMRHAI Reference Unit, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - Mette D Bartels
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hvidovre University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Birgit Strommenger
- National Reference Centre for Staphylococci and Enterococci, Division Nosocomial Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistances, Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode Branch, Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Frederic Laurent
- Department of Bacteriology, Institute for Infectious Agents, French National Reference Centre for Staphylococci, International Centre for Infectiology Research, Institute for Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences Of Lyon, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Magali Dodémont
- National Reference Centre for Staphylococci, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ariane Deplano
- National Reference Centre for Staphylococci, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Robin Patel
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA
| | - Anders R Larsen
- Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance and Staphylococci, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tony M Korman
- Monash Infectious Diseases, Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Timothy P Stinear
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia.,Doherty Applied Microbial Genomics, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Benjamin P Howden
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia. .,Doherty Applied Microbial Genomics, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia. .,Infectious Diseases Department, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia.
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6
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Abdel Halim RM, Kassem NN, Mahmoud BS. Detection of Biofilm Producing Staphylococci among Different Clinical Isolates and Its Relation to Methicillin Susceptibility. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2018; 6:1335-1341. [PMID: 30159052 PMCID: PMC6108796 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2018.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS: To evaluate three in vitro phenotypic methods; tissue culture plate, tube method, and Congo red agar for detection of biofilm formation in staphylococci and assess the relation of biofilm formation with methicillin resistance and anti-microbial resistance. METHODS: The study included 150 staphylococcal isolates. Biofilm detection in staphylococci was performed using tissue culture plate, tube method, and Congo red agar. RESULTS: Tissue culture plate, tube method, and Congo red agar detected 74%, 42.7%, and 1.3% biofilm producing staphylococci respectively. S. aureus isolates were more common biofilm producers (53.2%) than CONS (46.8%). Biofilm production in CONS species was highest in S. hemolyticus (57.7%). Tube method was 51.4% sensitive, 82.1% specific. As for Congo red agar, sensitivity was very low (0.9%), but specificity was 97.4%. Biofilm producers were mostly; isolated from blood specimens and detected in methicillin-resistant strains 96/111 (86.5%). They were resistant to most antibiotics except vancomycin and linezolid. CONCLUSIONS: Tissue culture plate is a more quantitative and reliable method for detection of biofilm producing staphylococci compared to tube method and Congo red agar. Hence, it can still be used as a screening method for biofilm detection. Vancomycin and Linezolid are the most sensitive antibiotics among biofilm producing staphylococci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania M Abdel Halim
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nevine N Kassem
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Basma S Mahmoud
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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7
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Vimberg V, Cavanagh JP, Benada O, Kofroňová O, Hjerde E, Zieglerová L, Balíková Novotná G. Teicoplanin resistance in Staphylococcus haemolyticus is associated with mutations in histidine kinases VraS and WalK. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2017; 90:233-240. [PMID: 29246777 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the genetic basis of glycopeptide resistance in laboratory-derived strains of S. haemolyticus with emphasis on differences between vancomycin and teicoplanin. The genomes of two stable teicoplanin-resistant laboratory mutants selected on vancomycin or teicoplanin were sequenced and compared to parental S. haemolyticus strain W2/124. Only the two non-synonymous mutations, VraS Q289K and WalK V550L were identified. No other mutations or genome rearrangements were detected. Increased cell wall thickness, resistance to lysostaphin-induced lysis and adaptation of cell growth rates specifically to teicoplanin were phenotypes observed in a sequenced strain with the VraS Q289K mutation. Neither of the VraS Q289K and WalK V550L mutations was present in the genomes of 121S. haemolyticus clinical isolates. However, all but two of the teicoplanin resistant strains carried non-synonymous SNPs in vraSRTU and walKR-YycHIJ operons pointing to their importance for the glycopeptide resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Vimberg
- Institute of Microbiology v. v. i., The Czech Academy of Sciences, Průmyslová 595, Vestec 252 50, Czech Republic
| | - Jorunn Pauline Cavanagh
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of North Norway, Sykehusvegen 38, Tromsø 9019, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø 9037, Norway
| | - Oldřich Benada
- Institute of Microbiology v. v. i., The Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Kofroňová
- Institute of Microbiology v. v. i., The Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Erik Hjerde
- Department of Chemistry, Norstruct, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Sykhusvegen 23, Tromsø 9019, Norway
| | - Leona Zieglerová
- Institute of Microbiology v. v. i., The Czech Academy of Sciences, Průmyslová 595, Vestec 252 50, Czech Republic
| | - Gabriela Balíková Novotná
- Institute of Microbiology v. v. i., The Czech Academy of Sciences, Průmyslová 595, Vestec 252 50, Czech Republic.
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8
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Kononova LI, Filatova LB, Eroshenko DV, Korobov VP. Suppression of development of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis by low-molecular-weight cationic peptides of the lantibiotic family. Microbiology (Reading) 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261717050125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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9
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The functional dlt operon of Clostridium butyricum controls the d-alanylation of cell wall components and influences cell septation and vancomycin-induced lysis. Anaerobe 2015; 35:105-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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10
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Abstract
"Heteroresistance" describes a phenomenon where subpopulations of seemingly isogenic bacteria exhibit a range of susceptibilities to a particular antibiotic. Unfortunately, a lack of standard methods to determine heteroresistance has led to inappropriate use of this term. Heteroresistance has been recognized since at least 1947 and occurs in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Its clinical relevance may be considerable, since more resistant subpopulations may be selected during antimicrobial therapy. However, the use of nonstandard methods to define heteroresistance, which are costly and involve considerable labor and resources, precludes evaluating the clinical magnitude and severity of this phenomenon. We review the available literature on antibiotic heteroresistance and propose recommendations for definitions and determination criteria for heteroresistant bacteria. This will help in assessing the global clinical impact of heteroresistance and developing uniform guidelines for improved therapeutic outcomes.
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11
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Kononova LI, Korobov VP. Physiological properties of the vancomycin-resistant strain Staphylococcus epidermidis 33 GISK VANR. Microbiology (Reading) 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261715010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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12
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13
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Black KC, Sileika TS, Yi J, Zhang R, Rivera JG, Messersmith PB. Bacterial killing by light-triggered release of silver from biomimetic metal nanorods. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:169-178. [PMID: 23847147 PMCID: PMC4065421 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201301283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Illumination of noble metal nanoparticles at the plasmon resonance causes substantial heat generation, and the transient and highly localized temperature increases that result from this energy conversion can be exploited for photothermal therapy by plasmonically heating gold nanorods (NRs) bound to cell surfaces. Here, plasmonic heating is used for the first time to locally release silver from gold core/silver shell (Au@Ag) NRs targeted to bacterial cell walls. A novel biomimetic method of preparing Au@Ag core-shell NRs is employed, involving deposition of a thin organic polydopamine (PD) primer onto Au NR surfaces, followed by spontaneous electroless silver metallization, and conjugation of antibacterial antibodies and passivating polymers for targeting to gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Dramatic cytotoxicity of S. epidermidis and E. coli cells targeted with Au@Ag NRs is observed upon exposure to light as a result of the combined antibacterial effects of plasmonic heating and silver release. The antibacterial effect is much greater than with either plasmonic heating or silver alone, implying a strong therapeutic synergy between cell-targeted plasmonic heating and the associated silver release upon irradiation. The findings suggest a potential antibacterial use of Au@Ag NRs when coupled with light irradiation, which has not been previously described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kvar C.L. Black
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - Tadas S. Sileika
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - Ji Yi
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - Ran Zhang
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - José G. Rivera
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - Phillip B. Messersmith
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208
- Institute for Bionanotechnology in Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208
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14
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Iarikov DD, Kargar M, Sahari A, Russel L, Gause KT, Behkam B, Ducker WA. Antimicrobial Surfaces Using Covalently Bound Polyallylamine. Biomacromolecules 2013; 15:169-76. [DOI: 10.1021/bm401440h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri D. Iarikov
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, ‡Department of Mechanical Engineering, and §School of Biomedical
Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Mehdi Kargar
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, ‡Department of Mechanical Engineering, and §School of Biomedical
Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Ali Sahari
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, ‡Department of Mechanical Engineering, and §School of Biomedical
Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Lauren Russel
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, ‡Department of Mechanical Engineering, and §School of Biomedical
Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Katelyn T. Gause
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, ‡Department of Mechanical Engineering, and §School of Biomedical
Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Bahareh Behkam
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, ‡Department of Mechanical Engineering, and §School of Biomedical
Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - William A. Ducker
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, ‡Department of Mechanical Engineering, and §School of Biomedical
Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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15
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Draft Genome Sequence of Vancomycin-Heteroresistant Staphylococcus epidermidis Strain UC7032, Isolated from Food. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2013; 1:1/5/e00709-13. [PMID: 24072859 PMCID: PMC3784779 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00709-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus epidermidis strain UC7032 was isolated from ready-to-eat cured meat and is heteroresistant to glycopeptide antibiotics. The draft whole-genome analysis revealed that this strain shows common characteristics typical of strains that are involved in nosocomial infections.
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16
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Attachment and Biofilm Forming Capabilities of Staphylococcus epidermidis Strains Isolated from Preterm Infants. Curr Microbiol 2013; 67:712-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-013-0425-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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17
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Modification of the Congo red agar method to detect biofilm production by Staphylococcus epidermidis. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2013; 75:235-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2012.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Revised: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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18
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Genetic analysis of glycopeptide-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis strains from bone and joint infections. J Clin Microbiol 2012; 51:1014-9. [PMID: 23269734 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02608-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycopeptide-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (GRSE) strains are of increasing concern in bone and joint infections (BJIs). Using multilocus sequence typing and multilocus variable-number tandem repeat analysis, we show that BJI-associated GRSE strains are genetically diverse but arise from related, multiresistant hospital sequence types (STs), mostly ST2, ST5, and ST23.
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Increased pheromone cCF10 expression in Enterococcus faecalis biofilm formed by isolates from renal transplant patients. Curr Microbiol 2012; 65:656-9. [PMID: 22907591 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-012-0202-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Renal transplant recipients are at a high risk of developing infectious complications even caused by commensal bacteria. This is because of various physiological non-immunological, and immunological protective mechanisms are not fully efficient in RTx patients. Therefore, rapid and precise diagnostic tools are essential in this particular group of patients. We aimed to develop simple and sensitive protocol Flow-Fish for the study of gene expression in enterococci and to compare expression of genes involved in virulence regulation in biofilm and planktonic form of Enterococcus faecalis. Proper optimization of the method was demonstrated with analysis of dehydrogenase gene expression. According to expectation reduction of the dehydrogenase gene expression was observed in biofilm. Furthermore, expression of studied gene was higher in clinical than in commensal strains. We have also found that in contrast to dehydrogenase gene, pheromone cCF10 gene expression increasing then clinical strains formed biofilm.
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Nostro A, Cellini L, Zimbalatti V, Blanco AR, Marino A, Pizzimenti F, Giulio MD, Bisignano G. Enhanced activity of carvacrol against biofilm ofStaphylococcus aureusandStaphylococcus epidermidisin an acidic environment. APMIS 2012; 120:967-73. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2012.02928.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Nostro
- Pharmaco-Biological Department; University of Messina; Messina; Italy
| | - Luigina Cellini
- Department of Drug Sciences; School of Pharmacy; University ‘G. d'Annunzio’; Chieti; Italy
| | | | | | - Andreana Marino
- Pharmaco-Biological Department; University of Messina; Messina; Italy
| | | | - Mara Di Giulio
- Department of Drug Sciences; School of Pharmacy; University ‘G. d'Annunzio’; Chieti; Italy
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Ma XX, Wang EH, Liu Y, Luo EJ. Antibiotic susceptibility of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS): emergence of teicoplanin-non-susceptible CoNS strains with inducible resistance to vancomycin. J Med Microbiol 2011; 60:1661-1668. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.034066-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xue Ma
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - En Hua Wang
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - En Jie Luo
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
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Abulreesh H, Organji S. The Prevalence of Multidrug-resistant Staphylococci in Food and the Environment of Makkah, Saudi Arabia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3923/jm.2011.510.523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Marino M, Frigo F, Bartolomeoli I, Maifreni M. Safety-related properties of staphylococci isolated from food and food environments. J Appl Microbiol 2010; 110:550-61. [PMID: 21143714 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2010.04909.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To test some safety-related properties within 321 staphylococci strains isolated from food and food environments. METHODS AND RESULTS The isolates were identified as Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Staphylococcus pasteuri, Staphylococcus sciuri, Staphylococcus warneri and Staphylococcus xylosus. Decarboxylase activity was quite common for the various Staphylococcus spp., and tyrosine was the most frequently decarboxylated amino acid. The frequency of antibiotic resistance was highest in Staph. pasteuri and Staph. xylosus. Several of the isolates were tolerant to QAC compounds, and in some cases, QAC tolerance was present in antibiotic-resistant strains. Most of the strains displayed moderate to high adhesion rates to stainless steel and Teflon(®). The strains that readily formed biofilms belonged to the species Staph. aureus, Staph. epidermidis and Staph. pasteuri. CONCLUSIONS An high incidence of some safety hazards was found within the staphylococcal strains of food origin tested in this study. In particular, amino acid decarboxylase activity and biofilm-forming ability were common within strains, and antibiotic resistance and tolerance to QAC-based compounds occurred frequently as well. These characteristics are an important safety concern for food industry. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This work gives a first picture of safety hazards within staphylococcal species isolated from food environments. The presence of disinfectant-resistant staphylococci is a concern because resistance can be genetically transferred between the various Staphylococcus species. This could lead an increase and spread of resistant enterotoxic staphylococci and/or pathogenic staphylococci.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Marino
- Department of Food Science, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.
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Characterization of Acp, a peptidoglycan hydrolase of Clostridium perfringens with N-acetylglucosaminidase activity that is implicated in cell separation and stress-induced autolysis. J Bacteriol 2010; 192:2373-84. [PMID: 20190047 DOI: 10.1128/jb.01546-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This work reports the characterization of the first known peptidoglycan hydrolase (Acp) produced mainly during vegetative growth of Clostridium perfringens. Acp has a modular structure with three domains: a signal peptide domain, an N-terminal domain with repeated sequences, and a C-terminal catalytic domain. The purified recombinant catalytic domain of Acp displayed lytic activity on the cell walls of several Gram-positive bacterial species. Its hydrolytic specificity was established by analyzing the Bacillus subtilis peptidoglycan digestion products by coupling reverse phase-high-pressure liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis, which displayed an N-acetylglucosaminidase activity. The study of acp expression showed a constant expression during growth, which suggested an important role of Acp in growth of C. perfringens. Furthermore, cell fractionation and indirect immunofluorescence staining using anti-Acp antibodies revealed that Acp is located at the septal peptidoglycan of vegetative cells during exponential growth phase, indicating a role in cell separation or division of C. perfringens. A knockout acp mutant strain was obtained by using the insertion of mobile group II intron strategy (ClosTron). The microscopic examination indicated a lack of vegetative cell separation in the acp mutant strain, as well as the wild-type strain incubated with anti-Acp antibodies, demonstrating the critical role of Acp in cell separation. The comparative responses of wild-type and acp mutant strains to stresses induced by Triton X-100, bile salts, and vancomycin revealed an implication of Acp in autolysis induced by these stresses. Overall, Acp appears as a major cell wall N-acetylglucosaminidase implicated in both vegetative growth and stress-induced autolysis.
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Decreased susceptibility to teicoplanin and vancomycin in coagulase-negative Staphylococci isolated from orthopedic-device-associated infections. J Clin Microbiol 2010; 48:1428-31. [PMID: 20164270 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02098-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied 315 coagulase-negative Staphylococcus strains recovered prospectively during 240 surgical procedures (206 subjects) from proven or suspected device-associated bone and joint infections. Sixteen strains (5.1%) had decreased susceptibility to glycopeptides: 15 (12 S. epidermidis strains, 2 S. capitis strains, and 1 S. haemolyticus strain) to teicoplanin alone (MIC of 16 mg/liter, n = 9; MIC of 32 mg/liter, n = 6) and one (S. epidermidis) to both teicoplanin and vancomycin (MIC, 16 and 8 mg/liter, respectively). Decreased susceptibility to teicoplanin was more prevalent in "infecting" strains (i.e., strains recovered from >/=2 distinct intraoperative samples) than in "contaminants" (i.e., strains not fulfilling this criterion) (8.1% [12/149] versus 2.4% [4/166], respectively [P = 0.022]). One hundred percent (13/13) of S. epidermidis strains with decreased susceptibility to teicoplanin were resistant to methicillin (versus 112/173 [64.7%] for S. epidermidis strains susceptible to teicoplanin; P = 0.021).
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Singh R, Ray P, Das A, Sharma M. MRT Letter: Spatial distribution of vancomycin-induced damage in Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm: An electron microscopic study. Microsc Res Tech 2010; 73:662-4. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.20871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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