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Groszmann M, De Rosa A, Chen W, Qiu J, McGaughey SA, Byrt CS, Evans JR. A high-throughput yeast approach to characterize aquaporin permeabilities: Profiling the Arabidopsis PIP aquaporin sub-family. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1078220. [PMID: 36760647 PMCID: PMC9907170 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1078220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Engineering membrane transporters to achieve desired functionality is reliant on availability of experimental data informing structure-function relationships and intelligent design. Plant aquaporin (AQP) isoforms are capable of transporting diverse substrates such as signaling molecules, nutrients, metalloids, and gases, as well as water. AQPs can act as multifunctional channels and their transport function is reliant on many factors, with few studies having assessed transport function of specific isoforms for multiple substrates. METHODS High-throughput yeast assays were developed to screen for transport function of plant AQPs, providing a platform for fast data generation and cataloguing of substrate transport profiles. We applied our high-throughput growth-based yeast assays to screen all 13 Arabidopsis PIPs (AtPIPs) for transport of water and several neutral solutes: hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), boric acid (BA), and urea. Sodium (Na+) transport was assessed using elemental analysis techniques. RESULTS All AtPIPs facilitated water and H2O2 transport, although their growth phenotypes varied, and none were candidates for urea transport. For BA and Na+ transport, AtPIP2;2 and AtPIP2;7 were the top candidates, with yeast expressing these isoforms having the most pronounced toxicity response to BA exposure and accumulating the highest amounts of Na+. Linking putative AtPIP isoform substrate transport profiles with phylogenetics and gene expression data, enabled us to align possible substrate preferences with known and hypothesized biological roles of AtPIPs. DISCUSSION This testing framework enables efficient cataloguing of putative transport functionality of diverse AQPs at a scale that can help accelerate our understanding of AQP biology through big data approaches (e.g. association studies). The principles of the individual assays could be further adapted to test additional substrates. Data generated from this framework could inform future testing of AQP physiological roles, and address knowledge gaps in structure-function relationships to improve engineering efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Groszmann
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Annamaria De Rosa
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Weihua Chen
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Jiaen Qiu
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Samantha A. McGaughey
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Caitlin S. Byrt
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - John R. Evans
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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2
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Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analysis of Marine Nematode Litoditis marina Acclimated to Different Salinities. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13040651. [PMID: 35456458 PMCID: PMC9025465 DOI: 10.3390/genes13040651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Salinity is a critical abiotic factor for all living organisms. The ability to adapt to different salinity environments determines an organism’s survival and ecological niches. Litoditis marina is a euryhaline marine nematode widely distributed in coastal ecosystems all over the world, although numerous genes involved in its salinity response have been reported, the adaptive mechanisms underlying its euryhalinity remain unexplored. Here, we utilized worms which have been acclimated to either low-salinity or high-salinity conditions and evaluated their basal gene expression at both transcriptomic and proteomic levels. We found that several conserved regulators, including osmolytes biosynthesis genes, transthyretin-like family genes, V-type H+-transporting ATPase and potassium channel genes, were involved in both short-term salinity stress response and long-term acclimation processes. In addition, we identified genes related to cell volume regulation, such as actin regulatory genes, Rho family small GTPases and diverse ion transporters, which might contribute to hyposaline acclimation, while the glycerol biosynthesis genes gpdh-1 and gpdh-2 accompanied hypersaline acclimation in L. marina. This study paves the way for further in-depth exploration of the adaptive mechanisms underlying euryhalinity and may also contribute to the study of healthy ecosystems in the context of global climate change.
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Saragovi A, Zilberman T, Yasur G, Turjeman K, Abramovich I, Kuchersky M, Gottlieb E, Barenholz Y, Berger M. Analysis of cellular water content in T cells reveals a switch from slow metabolic water gain to rapid water influx prior to cell division. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101795. [PMID: 35248530 PMCID: PMC9034303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell growth is driven by the acquisition and synthesis of both dry biomass and water mass. In this study, we examine the increase of water mass in T cell during cell growth. We found that T-cell growth is characterized by an initial phase of slow increase in cellular water, followed by a second phase of rapid increase in water content. To study the origin of the water gain, we developed a novel methodology we call cold aqua trap-isotope ratio mass spectrometry, which allows analysis of the isotope composition of intracellular water. Applying cold aqua trap-isotope ratio mass spectrometry, we discovered that glycolysis-coupled metabolism of water accounts on average for 11 fl out of the 20 fl of water gained per cell during the initial slow phase. In addition, we show that at the end of the rapid phase before initiation of cell division, a water influx occurs, increasing the cellular water mass by threefold. Thus, we conclude that activated T cells switch from metabolizing water to rapidly taking up water from the extracellular medium prior to cell division. Our work provides a method to analyze cell water content as well as insights into the ways cells regulate their water mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Saragovi
- The Lautenberg center for Immunology and Cancer Research, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - T Zilberman
- Department of Geochemistry, Geological Survey of Israel, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - G Yasur
- Department of Geochemistry, Geological Survey of Israel, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - K Turjeman
- Laboratory of Membrane and Liposome Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - I Abramovich
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport, Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - M Kuchersky
- The Lautenberg center for Immunology and Cancer Research, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - E Gottlieb
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport, Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Y Barenholz
- Laboratory of Membrane and Liposome Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - M Berger
- The Lautenberg center for Immunology and Cancer Research, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.
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4
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Saldaña C, Villava C, Ramírez-Villarreal J, Morales-Tlalpan V, Campos-Guillen J, Chávez-Servín J, García-Gasca T. Rapid and reversible cell volume changes in response to osmotic stress in yeast. Braz J Microbiol 2021; 52:895-903. [PMID: 33476034 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00427-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae has evolved diverse mechanisms to osmotic changes: the cell wall, ion and water transport systems, and signaling cascades. At the present time, little is known about the mechanisms involved in short-term responses of osmotic stress in yeast or their physiological state during this process. We conducted studies of flow cytometry, wet weight measurements, and electron microscopy to evaluate the modifications in cell volume and the cell wall induced by osmotic stress. In response to osmotic challenges, we show very fast and drastic changes in cell volume (up to 60%), which were completed in less than eight seconds. This dramatic change was completely reversible approximately 16 s after returning to an isosmotic solution. Cell volume changes were also accompanied by adaptations in yeast metabolism observed as a reduction by 50% in the respiratory rate, measured as oxygen consumption. This effect was also fully reversible upon returning to an isosmotic solution. It is noteworthy that we observed a significant recovery in oxygen consumption during the first 10 min of the osmotic shock. The rapid adjustment of the cellular volume may represent an evolutionary advantage, allowing greater flexibility for survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Saldaña
- Laboratorio de Biofísica de Membranas, Unidad de Microbiología Básica y Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Querétaro, Mexico. .,Facultad de Ciencias Naturales-Campus Aeropuerto, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico.
| | - Casandra Villava
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Cd, México, Mexico
| | - Jimena Ramírez-Villarreal
- Laboratorio de Biofísica de Membranas, Unidad de Microbiología Básica y Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Querétaro, Mexico.,Facultad de Ciencias Naturales-Campus Aeropuerto, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Verónica Morales-Tlalpan
- Laboratorio de Biofísica de Membranas, Unidad de Microbiología Básica y Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Querétaro, Mexico.,Facultad de Ciencias Naturales-Campus Aeropuerto, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico
| | | | - Jorge Chávez-Servín
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Campus Juriquilla, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Teresa García-Gasca
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Campus Juriquilla, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico
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Faize M, Fumanal B, Luque F, Ramírez-Tejero JA, Zou Z, Qiao X, Faize L, Gousset-Dupont A, Roeckel-Drevet P, Label P, Venisse JS. Genome Wild Analysis and Molecular Understanding of the Aquaporin Diversity in Olive Trees ( Olea Europaea L.). Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4183. [PMID: 32545387 PMCID: PMC7312470 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular aquaporin water channels (AQPs) constitute a large family of transmembrane proteins present throughout all kingdoms of life, playing important roles in the uptake of water and many solutes across the membranes. In olive trees, AQP diversity, protein features and their biological functions are still largely unknown. This study focuses on the structure and functional and evolution diversity of AQP subfamilies in two olive trees, the wild species Olea europaea var. sylvestris (OeuAQPs) and the domesticated species Olea europaea cv. Picual (OleurAQPs), and describes their involvement in different physiological processes of early plantlet development and in biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in the domesticated species. A scan of genomes from the wild and domesticated olive species revealed the presence of 52 and 79 genes encoding full-length AQP sequences, respectively. Cross-genera phylogenetic analysis with orthologous clustered OleaAQPs into five established subfamilies: PIP, TIP, NIP, SIP, and XIP. Subsequently, gene structures, protein motifs, substrate specificities and cellular localizations of the full length OleaAQPs were predicted. Functional prediction based on the NPA motif, ar/R selectivity filter, Froger's and specificity-determining positions suggested differences in substrate specificities of Olea AQPs. Expression analysis of the OleurAQP genes indicates that some genes are tissue-specific, whereas few others show differential expressions at different developmental stages and in response to various biotic and abiotic stresses. The current study presents the first detailed genome-wide analysis of the AQP gene family in olive trees and it provides valuable information for further functional analysis to infer the role of AQP in the adaptation of olive trees in diverse environmental conditions in order to help the genetic improvement of domesticated olive trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Faize
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Ecology and Ecosystem Valorization, Faculty of Sciences, University Chouaib Doukkali, El Jadida 24000, Morocco
| | - Boris Fumanal
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, PIAF, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (B.F.); (A.G.-D.); (P.R.-D.); (P.L.)
| | - Francisco Luque
- Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (F.L.); (J.A.R.-T.)
| | - Jorge A. Ramírez-Tejero
- Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (F.L.); (J.A.R.-T.)
| | - Zhi Zou
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, Hainan, China; (Z.Z.); (X.Q.)
| | - Xueying Qiao
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, Hainan, China; (Z.Z.); (X.Q.)
| | - Lydia Faize
- Group of Fruit Tree Biotechnology, Department of Plant Breeding, Murcia University, CEBAS CSIC, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Aurélie Gousset-Dupont
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, PIAF, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (B.F.); (A.G.-D.); (P.R.-D.); (P.L.)
| | - Patricia Roeckel-Drevet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, PIAF, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (B.F.); (A.G.-D.); (P.R.-D.); (P.L.)
| | - Philippe Label
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, PIAF, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (B.F.); (A.G.-D.); (P.R.-D.); (P.L.)
| | - Jean-Stéphane Venisse
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, PIAF, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (B.F.); (A.G.-D.); (P.R.-D.); (P.L.)
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6
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Rahman A, Kawamura Y, Maeshima M, Rahman A, Uemura M. Plasma Membrane Aquaporin Members PIPs Act in Concert to Regulate Cold Acclimation and Freezing Tolerance Responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 61:787-802. [PMID: 31999343 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporins play a major role in plant water uptake at both optimal and environmentally stressed conditions. However, the functional specificity of aquaporins under cold remains obscure. To get a better insight to the role of aquaporins in cold acclimation and freezing tolerance, we took an integrated approach of physiology, transcript profiling and cell biology in Arabidopsis thaliana. Cold acclimation resulted in specific upregulation of PIP1;4 and PIP2;5 aquaporin (plasma membrane intrinsic proteins) expression, and immunoblotting analysis confirmed the increase in amount of PIP2;5 protein and total amount of PIPs during cold acclimation, suggesting that PIP2;5 plays a major role in tackling the cold milieu. Although single mutants of pip1;4 and pip2;5 or their double mutant showed no phenotypic changes in freezing tolerance, they were more sensitive in root elongation and cell survival response under freezing stress conditions compared with the wild type. Consistently, a single mutation in either PIP1;4 or PIP2;5 altered the expression of a number of aquaporins both at the transcriptional and translational levels. Collectively, our results suggest that aquaporin members including PIP1;4 and PIP2;5 function in concert to regulate cold acclimation and freezing tolerance responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arifa Rahman
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, Ueda 3-18-8, Morioka, 020-8550 Japan
| | - Yukio Kawamura
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, Ueda 3-18-8, Morioka, 020-8550 Japan
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Ueda 3-18-8, Morioka, 020-8550 Japan
| | - Masayoshi Maeshima
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi, 487-8501 Japan
| | - Abidur Rahman
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, Ueda 3-18-8, Morioka, 020-8550 Japan
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Ueda 3-18-8, Morioka, 020-8550 Japan
- Agri-Innovation Center, Iwate University, Ueda 3-18-8, Morioka, 020-8550 Japan
| | - Matsuo Uemura
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, Ueda 3-18-8, Morioka, 020-8550 Japan
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Ueda 3-18-8, Morioka, 020-8550 Japan
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Bezerra-Neto JP, de Araújo FC, Ferreira-Neto JRC, da Silva MD, Pandolfi V, Aburjaile FF, Sakamoto T, de Oliveira Silva RL, Kido EA, Barbosa Amorim LL, Ortega JM, Benko-Iseppon AM. Plant Aquaporins: Diversity, Evolution and Biotechnological Applications. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2019; 20:368-395. [PMID: 30387391 DOI: 10.2174/1389203720666181102095910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The plasma membrane forms a permeable barrier that separates the cytoplasm from the external environment, defining the physical and chemical limits in each cell in all organisms. The movement of molecules and ions into and out of cells is controlled by the plasma membrane as a critical process for cell stability and survival, maintaining essential differences between the composition of the extracellular fluid and the cytosol. In this process aquaporins (AQPs) figure as important actors, comprising highly conserved membrane proteins that carry water, glycerol and other hydrophilic molecules through biomembranes, including the cell wall and membranes of cytoplasmic organelles. While mammals have 15 types of AQPs described so far (displaying 18 paralogs), a single plant species can present more than 120 isoforms, providing transport of different types of solutes. Such aquaporins may be present in the whole plant or can be associated with different tissues or situations, including biotic and especially abiotic stresses, such as drought, salinity or tolerance to soils rich in heavy metals, for instance. The present review addresses several aspects of plant aquaporins, from their structure, classification, and function, to in silico methodologies for their analysis and identification in transcriptomes and genomes. Aspects of evolution and diversification of AQPs (with a focus on plants) are approached for the first time with the aid of the LCA (Last Common Ancestor) analysis. Finally, the main practical applications involving the use of AQPs are discussed, including patents and future perspectives involving this important protein family.
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Affiliation(s)
- João P Bezerra-Neto
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Genetics Department, Center of Biosciences, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, 50.670-423, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Flávia Czekalski de Araújo
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Genetics Department, Center of Biosciences, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, 50.670-423, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - José R C Ferreira-Neto
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Genetics Department, Center of Biosciences, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, 50.670-423, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Manassés D da Silva
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Genetics Department, Center of Biosciences, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, 50.670-423, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Valesca Pandolfi
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Genetics Department, Center of Biosciences, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, 50.670-423, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Flavia F Aburjaile
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Genetics Department, Center of Biosciences, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, 50.670-423, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Tetsu Sakamoto
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Roberta L de Oliveira Silva
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Genetics Department, Center of Biosciences, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, 50.670-423, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Ederson A Kido
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Genetics Department, Center of Biosciences, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, 50.670-423, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Lidiane L Barbosa Amorim
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Genetics Department, Center of Biosciences, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, 50.670-423, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.,Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Piauí, Campus Oeiras, Avenida Projetada, s/n, 64.500-000, Oeiras, Piauí, Brazil
| | - José M Ortega
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ana M Benko-Iseppon
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Genetics Department, Center of Biosciences, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, 50.670-423, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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8
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Šoltésová M, Elicharová H, Srb P, Růžička M, Janisova L, Sychrová H, Lang J. Nuclear magnetic resonance investigation of water transport through the plasma membrane of various yeast species. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2019; 366:5645394. [PMID: 31778539 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnz220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A specific technique of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, filter-exchange spectroscopy (FEXSY), was employed to investigate water transport through the plasma membrane in intact yeast cells. This technique allows water transport to be monitored directly, thus avoiding the necessity to subject the cells to any rapid change in the external conditions, e.g. osmotic shock. We established a sample preparation protocol, a data analysis procedure and verified the applicability of FEXSY experiments. We recorded the exchange rates in the temperature range 10-40°C for Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The resulting activation energy of 29 kJ mol-1 supports the hypothesis that water exchange is facilitated by water channels-aquaporins. Furthermore, we measured for the first time water exchange rates in three other phylogenetically unrelated yeast species (Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Candida albicans and Zygosaccharomyces rouxii) and observed remarkably different water exchange rates between these species. Findings of our work contribute to a better understanding of as fundamental a cell process as the control of water transport through the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mária Šoltésová
- Department of Low Temperature Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, CZ-18000 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Elicharová
- Department of Membrane Transport, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Srb
- Department of Low Temperature Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, CZ-18000 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Růžička
- Department of Membrane Transport, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Larisa Janisova
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, CZ-16206 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Sychrová
- Department of Membrane Transport, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Lang
- Department of Low Temperature Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, CZ-18000 Prague 8, Czech Republic
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9
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Sabir F, Loureiro-Dias MC, Soveral G, Prista C. Functional relevance of water and glycerol channels in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2017; 364:3739791. [PMID: 28430948 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnx080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of the functional relevance of orthodox aquaporins and aquaglyceroporins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is essentially based on phenotypic variations obtained by expression/overexpression/deletion of these major intrinsic proteins in selected strains. These water/glycerol channels are considered crucial during various life-cycle phases, such as sporulation and mating and in some life processes such as rapid freeze-thaw tolerance, osmoregulation and phenomena associated with cell surface. Despite their putative functional roles not only as channels but also as sensors, their underlying mechanisms and their regulation are still poorly understood. In the present review, we summarize and discuss the physiological relevance of S. cerevisiae aquaporins (Aqy1 and Aqy2) and aquaglyceroporins (Fps1 and Yfl054c). In particular, the fact that most S. cerevisiae laboratory strains harbor genes coding for non-functional aquaporins, while wild and industrial strains possess at least one functional aquaporin, suggests that aquaporin activity is required for cell survival under more harsh conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzana Sabir
- LEAF, Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal.,Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa,1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria C Loureiro-Dias
- LEAF, Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Graça Soveral
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa,1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Catarina Prista
- LEAF, Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
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10
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
The characteristic growth pattern of fungal mycelia as an interconnected network has a major impact on how cellular events operating on a micron scale affect colony behavior at an ecological scale. Network structure is intimately linked to flows of resources across the network that in turn modify the network architecture itself. This complex interplay shapes the incredibly plastic behavior of fungi and allows them to cope with patchy, ephemeral resources, competition, damage, and predation in a manner completely different from multicellular plants or animals. Here, we try to link network structure with impact on resource movement at different scales of organization to understand the benefits and challenges of organisms that grow as connected networks. This inevitably involves an interdisciplinary approach whereby mathematical modeling helps to provide a bridge between information gleaned by traditional cell and molecular techniques or biophysical approaches at a hyphal level, with observations of colony dynamics and behavior at an ecological level.
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Noronha H, Araújo D, Conde C, Martins AP, Soveral G, Chaumont F, Delrot S, Gerós H. The Grapevine Uncharacterized Intrinsic Protein 1 (VvXIP1) Is Regulated by Drought Stress and Transports Glycerol, Hydrogen Peroxide, Heavy Metals but Not Water. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160976. [PMID: 27504956 PMCID: PMC4978503 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A MIP (Major Intrinsic Protein) subfamily called Uncharacterized Intrinsic Proteins (XIP) was recently described in several fungi and eudicot plants. In this work, we cloned a XIP from grapevine, VvXIP1, and agrobacterium-mediated transformation studies in Nicotiana benthamiana revealed that the encoded aquaporin shows a preferential localization at the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Stopped-flow spectrometry in vesicles from the aqy-null yeast strain YSH1172 overexpressing VvXIP1 showed that VvXIP1 is unable to transport water but is permeable to glycerol. Functional studies with the ROS sensitive probe CM-H2DCFDA in intact transformed yeasts showed that VvXIP1 is also able to permeate hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Drop test growth assays showed that besides glycerol and H2O2, VvXIP1 also transports boric acid, copper, arsenic and nickel. Furthermore, we found that VvXIP1 transcripts were abundant in grapevine leaves from field grown plants and strongly repressed after the imposition of severe water-deficit conditions in potted vines. The observed downregulation of VvXIP1 expression in cultured grape cells in response to ABA and salt, together with the increased sensitivity to osmotic stress displayed by the aqy-null yeast overexpressing VvXIP1, corroborates the role of VvXIP1 in osmotic regulation besides its involvement in H2O2 transport and metal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Noronha
- Centro de Investigação e de Tecnologias Agro-ambientais e Biológicas CITAB, Vila Real, Portugal
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Diogo Araújo
- Centro de Investigação e de Tecnologias Agro-ambientais e Biológicas CITAB, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Carlos Conde
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IBMC; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana P. Martins
- Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.UL) University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Graça Soveral
- Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.UL) University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - François Chaumont
- Institut des Science de la Vie, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Serge Delrot
- INRA, ISVV, Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne, UMR 1287, Université de Bordeaux, Villenave D’Ornon, France
| | - Hernâni Gerós
- Centro de Investigação e de Tecnologias Agro-ambientais e Biológicas CITAB, Vila Real, Portugal
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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Sabir F, Loureiro-Dias MC, Prista C. Comparative analysis of sequences, polymorphisms and topology of yeasts aquaporins and aquaglyceroporins. FEMS Yeast Res 2016; 16:fow025. [DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/fow025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Madeira A, Moura TF, Soveral G. Detecting Aquaporin Function and Regulation. Front Chem 2016; 4:3. [PMID: 26870725 PMCID: PMC4734071 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2016.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Water is the major component of cells and tissues throughout all forms of life. Fluxes of water and solutes through cell membranes and epithelia are essential for osmoregulation and energy homeostasis. Aquaporins are membrane channels expressed in almost every organism and involved in the bidirectional transfer of water and small solutes across cell membranes. Aquaporins have important biological roles and have been implicated in several pathophysiological conditions suggesting a great translational potential in aquaporin-based diagnostics and therapeutics. Detecting aquaporin function is critical for assessing regulation and screening for new activity modulators that can prompt the development of efficient medicines. Appropriate methods for functional analysis comprising suitable cell models and techniques to accurately evaluate water and solute membrane permeability are essential to validate aquaporin function and assess short-term regulation. The present review describes established assays commonly used to assess aquaporin function in cells and tissues, as well as the experimental biophysical strategies required to reveal functional regulation and identify modulators, the first step for aquaporin drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Madeira
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Teresa F Moura
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de LisboaLisboa, Portugal; Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de LisboaCaparica, Portugal
| | - Graça Soveral
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de LisboaLisboa, Portugal; Departamento Bioquimica e Biologia Humana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de LisboaLisboa, Portugal
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Sabir F, Prista C, Madeira A, Moura T, Loureiro-Dias MC, Soveral G. Water Transport in Yeasts. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 892:107-124. [PMID: 26721272 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-25304-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Water moves across membranes through the lipid bilayer and through aquaporins, in this case in a regulated manner. Aquaporins belong to the MIP superfamily and two subfamilies are represented in yeasts: orthodox aquaporins considered to be specific water channels and aquaglyceroporins (heterodox aquaporins). In Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome, four aquaporin isoforms were identified, two of which are genetically close to orthodox aquaporins (ScAqy1 and ScAqy2) and the other two are more closely related to the aquaglyceroporins (ScFps1 and ScAqy3). Advances in the establishment of water channels structure are reviewed in this chapter in relation with the mechanisms of selectivity, conductance and gating. Aquaporins are important for key aspects of yeast physiology. They have been shown to be involved in sporulation, rapid freeze-thaw tolerance, osmo-sensitivity, and modulation of cell surface properties and colony morphology, although the underlying exact mechanisms are still unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzana Sabir
- LEAF, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisbon, Portugal. .,Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Catarina Prista
- LEAF, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Madeira
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Teresa Moura
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria C Loureiro-Dias
- LEAF, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Graça Soveral
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
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Nehls U, Dietz S. Fungal aquaporins: cellular functions and ecophysiological perspectives. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:8835-51. [PMID: 25213914 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6049-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Three aspects have to be taken into consideration when discussing cellular water and solute permeability of fungal cells: cell wall properties, membrane permeability, and transport through proteinaceous pores (the main focus of this review). Yet, characterized major intrinsic proteins (MIPs) can be grouped into three functional categories: (mainly) water transporting aquaporins, aquaglyceroporins that confer preferentially solute permeability (e.g., glycerol and ammonia), and bifunctional aquaglyceroporins that can facilitate efficient water and solute transfer. Two ancestor proteins, a water (orthodox aquaporin) and a solute facilitator (aquaglyceroporin), are supposed to give rise to today's MIPs. Based on primary sequences of fungal MIPs, orthodox aquaporins/X-intrinsic proteins (XIPs) and FPS1-like/Yfl054-like/other aquaglyceroporins are supposed to be respective sister groups. However, at least within the fungal kingdom, no easy functional conclusion can be drawn from the phylogenetic position of a given protein within the MIP pedigree. In consequence, ecophysiological prediction of MIP relevance is not feasible without detailed functional analysis of the respective protein and expression studies. To illuminate the diverse MIP implications in fungal lifestyle, our current knowledge about protein function in two organisms, baker's yeast and the Basidiomycotic Laccaria bicolor, an ectomycorrhizal model fungus, was exemplarily summarized in this review. MIP function has been investigated in such a depth in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that a system-wide view is possible. Yeast lifestyle, however, is special in many circumstances. Therefore, L. bicolor as filamentous Basidiomycete was added and allows insight into a very different way of life. Special emphasis was laid in this review onto ecophysiological interpretation of MIP function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Nehls
- Botany, University of Bremen, Leobenerstr. 2, 28359, Bremen, Germany,
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Leitão L, Prista C, Loureiro-Dias MC, Moura TF, Soveral G. The grapevine tonoplast aquaporin TIP2;1 is a pressure gated water channel. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 450:289-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.05.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Characterization of new polyol/H+ symporters in Debaryomyces hansenii. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88180. [PMID: 24505419 PMCID: PMC3913770 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Debaryomyces hansenii is a halotolerant yeast that produces and assimilates a wide variety of polyols. In this work we evaluate polyol transport in D. hansenii CBS 767, detecting the occurrence of polyol/H+ (and sugar/H+) symporter activity, through the transient extracellular alkalinization of unbuffered starved cell suspensions. From the D. hansenii genome database, we selected nine ORFs encoding putative transporter proteins to clone in a centromeric plasmid with C-terminal GFP tagging and screened for polyol/H+ symporters by heterologous expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Five distinct D. hansenii polyol/H+ symporters were identified and characterized, with different specificities and affinities for polyols, namely one glycerol-specific (DhStl1), one D-galactitol-specific (DhSgl1, Symporter galactitol/H+ 1), one D-(+)-chiro-inositol-specific (DhSyi1, Symporter D-(+)-chiro-inositol/H+ 1), one for D-sorbitol/D-mannitol/ribitol/D-arabitol/D-galactitol (DhSyl1, Symporter Polyols 1) and another for D-sorbitol/D-mannitol/ribitol/D-arabitol (DhSyl2, Symporter Polyols 2). This work contributed to the annotation of new yeast polyol transporters, including two specific for uncommon substrates as galactitol and D-(+)-chiro-inositol.
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Ahmadpour D, Geijer C, Tamás MJ, Lindkvist-Petersson K, Hohmann S. Yeast reveals unexpected roles and regulatory features of aquaporins and aquaglyceroporins. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1840:1482-91. [PMID: 24076236 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae provides unique opportunities to study roles and regulation of aqua/glyceroporins using frontline tools of genetics and genomics as well as molecular cell and systems biology. SCOPE OF REVIEW S. cerevisiae has two similar orthodox aquaporins. Based on phenotypes mediated by gene deletion or overexpression as well as on their expression pattern, the yeast aquaporins play important roles in key aspects of yeast biology: establishment of freeze tolerance, during spore formation as well as determination of cell surface properties for substrate adhesion and colony formation. Exactly how the aquaporins perform those roles and the mechanisms that regulate their function under such conditions remain to be elucidated. S. cerevisiae also has two different aquaglyceroporins. While the role of one of them, Yfl054c, remains to be determined, Fps1 plays critical roles in osmoregulation by controlling the accumulation of the osmolyte glycerol. Fps1 communicates with two osmo-sensing MAPK signalling pathways to perform its functions but the details of Fps1 regulation remain to be determined. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Several phenotypes associated with aqua/glyceroporin function in yeasts have been established. However, how water and glycerol transport contribute to the observed effects is not understood in detail. Also many of the basic principles of regulation of yeast aqua/glyceroporins remain to be elucidated. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Studying the yeast aquaporins and aquaglyceroporins offers rich insight into the life style, evolution and adaptive responses of yeast and rewards us with discoveries of unexpected roles and regulatory mechanisms of members of this ancient protein family. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Aquaporins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doryaneh Ahmadpour
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Geijer
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Markus J Tamás
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Stefan Hohmann
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
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A novel dehydrin-like protein from Aspergillus fumigatus regulates freezing tolerance. Fungal Genet Biol 2012; 49:210-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2012.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Revised: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Dietz S, von Bülow J, Beitz E, Nehls U. The aquaporin gene family of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccaria bicolor: lessons for symbiotic functions. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2011; 190:927-940. [PMID: 21352231 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03651.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Soil humidity and bulk water transport are essential for nutrient mobilization. Ectomycorrhizal fungi, bridging soil and fine roots of woody plants, are capable of modulating both by being integrated into water movement driven by plant transpiration and the nocturnal hydraulic lift. Aquaporins are integral membrane proteins that function as gradient-driven water and/or solute channels. Seven aquaporins were identified in the genome of the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete Laccaria bicolor and their role in fungal transfer processes was analyzed. Heterologous expression in Xenopus laevis oocytes revealed relevant water permeabilities for three aquaporins. In fungal mycelia, expression of the corresponding genes was high compared with other members of the gene family, indicating the significance of the respective proteins for plasma membrane water permeability. As growth temperature and ectomycorrhiza formation modified gene expression profiles of these water-conducting aquaporins, specific roles in those aspects of fungal physiology are suggested. Two aquaporins, which were highly expressed in ectomycorrhizas, conferred plasma membrane ammonia permeability in yeast. This indicates that these proteins are an integral part of ectomycorrhizal fungus-based plant nitrogen nutrition in symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Dietz
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Physiological Ecology of Plants, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julia von Bülow
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Eric Beitz
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Uwe Nehls
- Faculty for Biology and Chemistry, Botany, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
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Abstract
In yeast, the presence of orthodox aquaporins has been first recognized in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in which two genes (AQY1 and AQY2) were shown to be related to mammal and plant water channels. The present review summarizes the putative orthodox aquaporin protein sequences found in available genomes of yeast and filamentous fungi. Among the 28 yeast genomes sequenced, most species present only one orthodox aquaporin, and no aquaporins were found in eight yeast species. Alignment of amino acid sequences reveals a very diverse group. Similarity values vary from 99% among species within the Saccharomyces genus to 34% between ScAqy1 and the aquaporin from Debaryomyces hansenii. All of the fungal aquaporins possess the known characteristic sequences, and residues involved in the water channel pore are highly conserved. Advances in the establishment of the structure are reviewed in relation to the mechanisms of selectivity, conductance and gating. In particular, the involvement of the protein cytosolic N-terminus as a channel blocker preventing water flow is addressed. Methodologies used in the evaluation of aquaporin activity frequently involve the measurement of fast volume changes. Particular attention is paid to data analysis to obtain accurate membrane water permeability parameters. Although the presence of aquaporins clearly enhances membrane water permeability, the relevance of these ubiquitous water channels in yeast performance remains obscure.
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Madeira A, Leitão L, Soveral G, Dias P, Prista C, Moura T, Loureiro-Dias MC. Effect of ethanol on fluxes of water and protons across the plasma membrane of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEMS Yeast Res 2010; 10:252-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1567-1364.2010.00607.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Aquaporins are multifunctional water and solute transporters highly divergent in living organisms. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2009; 1788:1213-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2009.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2008] [Revised: 03/09/2009] [Accepted: 03/11/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Minami A, Fujiwara M, Furuto A, Fukao Y, Yamashita T, Kamo M, Kawamura Y, Uemura M. Alterations in detergent-resistant plasma membrane microdomains in Arabidopsis thaliana during cold acclimation. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2009; 50:341-59. [PMID: 19106119 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcn202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Microdomains in the plasma membrane (PM) have been proposed to be involved in many important cellular events in plant cells. To understand the role of PM microdomains in plant cold acclimation, we isolated the microdomains as detergent-resistant plasma membrane fractions (DRMs) from Arabidopsis seedlings and compared lipid and protein compositions before and after cold acclimation. The DRM was enriched in sterols and glucocerebrosides, and the proportion of free sterols in the DRM increased after cold acclimation. The protein-to-lipid ratio in the DRM was greater than that in the total PM fraction. The protein amount recovered in DRMs decreased gradually during cold acclimation. Cold acclimation further resulted in quantitative changes in DRM protein profiles. Subsequent mass spectrometry and Western blot analyses revealed that P-type H(+)-ATPases, aquaporins and endocytosis-related proteins increased and, conversely, tubulins, actins and V-type H(+)-ATPase subunits decreased in DRMs during cold acclimation. Functional categorization of cold-responsive proteins in DRMs suggests that plant PM microdomains function as platforms of membrane transport, membrane trafficking and cytoskeleton interaction. These comprehensive changes in microdomains may be associated with cold acclimation of Arabidopsis.
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Li GW, Zhang MH, Cai WM, Sun WN, Su WA. Characterization of OsPIP2;7, a water channel protein in rice. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2008; 49:1851-1858. [PMID: 18988636 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcn166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporins are water channel proteins that facilitate passage of water and other small neutral molecules across biological membranes. There are usually a large number of members of this family in higher plants, which exhibit various physiological functions and are regulated in a time-specific and particular mode. We have previously shown that a rice gene, OsPIP2;7, was generally up-regulated in roots but down-regulated in shoots at the early stage of chilling stress. Here, OsPIP2;7 was cloned and proved to be an aquaporin with high activity in Xenopus oocytes. OsPIP2;7 was localized mainly in mesophyll cells of leaves. In roots it was detected in the vascular tissues, epidermis cells and exodermis cells at the elongation zone, as well as in the epidermis cells, exodermis cells and root hair at the maturation zone. Yeast cells overexpressing OsPIP2;7 showed a higher survival rate after freeze-thaw stress. Furthermore, OsPIP2;7 enhanced the transpiration rate and tolerance to low temperature when overexpressed in rice. These results indicated that OsPIP2;7 was involved in rapid water transport and maintenance of the water balance in cells, and ultimately improves the tolerance of yeast and rice to low temperature stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Wei Li
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, PR China
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Cui J, Kaandorp JA, Ositelu OO, Beaudry V, Knight A, Nanfack YF, Cunningham KW. Simulating calcium influx and free calcium concentrations in yeast. Cell Calcium 2008; 45:123-32. [PMID: 18783827 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2008.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2007] [Revised: 07/01/2008] [Accepted: 07/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Yeast can proliferate in environments containing very high Ca(2+) primarily due to the activity of vacuolar Ca(2+) transporters Pmc1 and Vcx1. Yeast mutants lacking these transporters fail to grow in high Ca(2+) environments, but growth can be restored by small increases in environmental Mg(2+). Low extracellular Mg(2+) appeared to competitively inhibit novel Ca(2+) influx pathways and to diminish the concentration of free Ca(2+) in the cytoplasm, as judged from the luminescence of the photoprotein aequorin. These Mg(2+)-sensitive Ca(2+) influx pathways persisted in yvc1 cch1 double mutants. Based on mathematical models of the aequorin luminescence traces, we propose the existence in yeast of at least two Ca(2+) transporters that undergo rapid feedback inhibition in response to elevated cytosolic free Ca(2+) concentration. Finally, we show that Vcx1 helps return cytosolic Ca(2+) toward resting levels after shock with high extracellular Ca(2+) much more effectively than Pmc1 and that calcineurin, a protein phosphatase regulator of Vcx1 and Pmc1, had no detectable effects on these factors within the first few minutes of its activation. Therefore, computational modeling of Ca(2+) transport and signaling in yeast can provide important insights into the dynamics of this complex system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangjun Cui
- Section Computational Science, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Kruislaan 403, 1098 SJ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Ogihara F, Kitagaki H, Wang Q, Shimoi H. Common industrial sake yeast strains have three copies of the AQY1-ARR3 region of chromosome XVI in their genomes. Yeast 2008; 25:419-32. [PMID: 18509847 DOI: 10.1002/yea.1596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic analysis of industrial yeast strains is important for exploitation of their potential. We analysed the genomic structure of the most widely used sake yeast strain, Kyokai no. 7 (K7), by DNA microarray. Since the analysis suggested that the copy number of the AQY1-ARR3 region in the right arm of chromosome XVI was amplified, we performed Southern blot analysis using the AQY1 gene as a probe. The probe hybridized to three bands in the widely used sake strains derived from K7, but only to one band of 1.4 kb in the laboratory strains. Since the extra two bands were not observed in old sake strains, or in other industrial strains, the amplification of this region appeared to be specific for the widely used sake strains. The copy number of the AQY1-ARR3 region appeared to have increased by chromosomal translocation, since chromosomal Southern blot analysis revealed that the AQY1 probe hybridized to chromosomes IV and XIII, in addition to chromosome XVI, in which AQY1 of the laboratory strain is encoded. The chromosomal translocation was also confirmed by PCR analysis using primers that amplify the region containing the breakpoint. Cloning and sequencing of cosmids that encode the AQY1-ARR3 region revealed that this region is flanked by TG(1-3) repeats on the centromere-proximal side in chromosomes IV and XIII, suggesting that amplification of this region occurred by homologous recombination through TG(1-3) repeats. These results demonstrate the genomic characteristics of the modern widely used sake strains that discriminate them from other strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fukashi Ogihara
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima 739-8530, Japan
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Soveral G, Madeira A, Loureiro-Dias MC, Moura TF. Membrane tension regulates water transport in yeast. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2008; 1778:2573-9. [PMID: 18708027 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2008.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2008] [Revised: 07/17/2008] [Accepted: 07/17/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Evidence that membrane surface tension regulates water fluxes in intact cells of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain overexpressing aquaporin AQY1 was obtained by assessing the osmotic water transport parameters in cells equilibrated in different osmolarities. The osmotic water permeability coefficients (P(f)) obtained for yeast cells overexpressing AQY1 incubated in low osmolarity buffers were similar to those obtained for a double mutant aqy1aqy2 and approximately three times lower (with higher activation energy, E(a)) than values obtained for cells incubated in higher osmolarities (with lower E(a)). Moreover, the initial inner volumes attained a maximum value for cells equilibrated in lower osmolarities (below 0.75 M) suggesting a pre-swollen state with the membrane under tension, independent of aquaporin expression. In this situation, the impairment of water channel activity suggested by lower P(f) and higher E(a) could probably be the first available volume regulatory tool that, in cooperation with other osmosensitive solute transporters, aims to maintain cell volume. The results presented point to the regulation of yeast water channels by membrane tension, as previously described in other cell systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graça Soveral
- REQUIMTE, Dep. Química, FCT-UNL, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
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Soveral G, Madeira A, Loureiro-Dias MC, Moura TF. Water transport in intact yeast cells as assessed by fluorescence self-quenching. Appl Environ Microbiol 2007; 73:2341-3. [PMID: 17277218 PMCID: PMC1855646 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02519-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Intact yeast cells loaded with 5- and-6-carboxyfluorescein were used to assess water transport. The results were similar to those previously reported for protoplasts assessed by using either fluorescence or light scattering, and the activation energies were 8.0 and 15.1 kcal mol(-1) (33.4 and 63.2 kJ mol(-1)) for a strain overexpressing AQY1 aquaporin and a parental strain, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graça Soveral
- REQUIMTE, Departamento Química, FCT-UNL, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
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Current awareness on yeast. Yeast 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/yea.1322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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31
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Abstract
Plants have been reported to contain a large set of aquaporins (38 for Arabidopsis), which has been divided into four subfamilies on the basis of similarities in their amino acid sequences. They belong to the large superfamily of major intrinsic proteins (MIP), which was the basis for the nomenclature PIP, TIP, and NIP, also indicating the subcellular localization plasma membrane, tonoplast, and nodule of the respective founding member. The fourth subfamily of small and basic intrinsic proteins is not well characterized so far. The increasing number of reports dealing with various aspects of plant aquaporins is starting to advance our understanding of aquaporin biology in plants. Fundamental questions include: what is the basic function of the different plant aquaporins, what is their primary substrate, and what is the consequence of function/malfunction of a particular aquaporin for the overall function of the plant? Biochemical and biophysical techniques can be employed to get information on the basic functional characteristics of plant aquaporins. An impressive set of techniques has been used to study aquaporin function on molecular, subcellular, and cellular levels in plants, as well as in heterologous expression systems. The physiological role of aquaporins in plants is much less well understood, but reports unraveling the physiological role of aquaporins, mainly employing genetic techniques and functional measurement on the whole plant level, are emerging. The goal of this chapter is to give an overview on the applied methods, together with some exemplary findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Kaldenhoff
- Institute of Botany, Applied Plant Sciences, Darmstadt University of Technology, Darmstadt, Germany
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